How to grow mushrooms yourself at home. How to grow mushrooms at home. Folk tricks: do-it-yourself mycelium

Today they grow everything in gardens! And we got to the mushrooms. Human cultivation of this plant began more than 2,000 years ago. They started doing this kind of thing in Russia at the end of the 19th century.

Today you don’t have to go to the forest to harvest and eat mushrooms. It is quite possible to grow them yourself. How to grow mushrooms in a country house or on a local property garden plot?

The most suitable and unpretentious for growing at home are the inhabitants of wood (winter honey fungus, oyster mushroom, shiitake), as well as soil species mushrooms (ring and champignon).

About growing mushrooms at home

How to grow mushrooms at home? The easiest way is to simply install a jar of mycelium on the windowsill and care for it almost in the same way as ordinary indoor plants. It should be noted that this method is not suitable for all types of mushrooms.

Perhaps the only mushroom that can grow in such conditions is the winter honey fungus. And this is due to the fact that he has small in size(the diameter of the cap is 2-5 cm) and its legs are very thin.

In normal home conditions, you can also grow oyster mushrooms with champignons, but they require more space. However, champignons require more complex care than for oyster mushrooms. And they require a cooler room (cellar or basement).

Where should you start?

How to grow mushrooms at home? First of all, it is important to carry out the preparatory process - to decide where it is best to purchase mycelium (small spores from which a new crop grows).

There are several options - wooden sticks and rye infected with fungi. The first option is a little more expensive than the second, but it does not contain rot or viral infections. And you need to buy mycelium from proven suppliers who have good reviews from clients.

Growing methods

How to grow mushrooms? To do this, you can use two methods:

1. Extensive. It is based on growing mushrooms in natural conditions. Many summer residents who have successfully mastered this method use wood cuttings and stumps to obtain big harvest. You can use either straw bales or with a special substrate, in which you need to constantly maintain a low temperature and constant humidity. This method has many advantages: compactness, relative cheapness and does not require special equipment. The only negative is that if the weather outside is not suitable, it will not be possible to grow mushrooms on the site.

2. Intense. The method is good for those who want to enjoy mushroom dishes throughout the year. This method is the most effective, since fertility is in in this case does not depend on outdoor climate conditions. But there is a possibility of large investments, since well-equipped premises and special equipment are required to obtain an effective harvest.

It is better to use cereal straw that is not heat treated. You can harvest 4 times in a year.

How to grow mushrooms at home? It is recommended to start using one bag of mycelium to see with your own eyes the process of growth and maturation of mushrooms.

Growing mushrooms in such conditions is not a very simple task (it can be expensive), but it is doable.

It is important to remember the warnings of doctors - during the ripening process, mushrooms release many spores into the air that can negatively affect the human mucous system. And people suffering from any form of allergies should not stay near the pathogen for a long time, which can cause serious complications.

Important growing conditions

How can beginners grow mushrooms from scratch? To grow in an apartment or in your own home, the first step is to prepare a separate room for mushrooms: basement, loggia, balcony, etc.

The main requirement is to maintain high humidity (not lower than 90%) and a constant air temperature within 20 degrees. The temperature should be reduced to 15 degrees only during active mushroom growth.

Oyster mushrooms

Let us provide more detailed information on how to grow oyster mushrooms?

This species is the leader among mushrooms grown in artificial conditions. This is due to the relative simplicity of the technology, good yield and non-picky nature of oyster mushrooms. Growing them is available to everyone, you just need to follow the recommendations correctly.

Using only a few available materials and means, you can collect up to 3 kg of harvest from one kilogram of used mycelium. The key to successful cultivation of oyster mushrooms is the correct location, quality of the substrate and mycelium.

Stages of growing oyster mushrooms

1. Acquisition of mycelium. Many specialized stores and companies involved in growing oyster mushrooms sell mycelium. It is the purchase from such manufacturers that is important point for beginner mushroom pickers.

2. Substrate preparation. How to grow oyster mushrooms, on what substrate? Preparing it is important for growing mushrooms. The best results in terms of both germination and yield can be obtained by using a substrate made from barley or wheat straw, chopped corn cobs and stalks, sunflower husks and buckwheat husks. An important condition is the absence of mold. All this is crushed to a size of 5 cm.

3. Formation of mushroom blocks (similar to a bed where oyster mushrooms are grown). As a “container” you can take a plastic bag, disinfected or thermally treated. The optimal volume of such a bag is no less than 5 kg. To create blocks, you need to fill the bags layer by layer with mycelium and substrate (for each 5-centimeter layer of substrate - approximately 0.5 cm of mycelium), in which the latter should be on both the first and the first. last layer. The bag is then tied tightly at the neck.

4. Perforation of blocks - the final stage. Small holes are made in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 10 cm.

5. Care. Starting from the very first days, the room temperature should be between 20-30 ° C, and a constant level of humidity should be maintained through automatic irrigation. The daily lighting requirement is at least 8 hours. It is also necessary to water the substrate - at least 1-2 times a day. warm water and daily cleaning of the premises using chlorine-based products.

After 45 days, the first harvest of mushrooms appears. They need to be collected by carefully cutting off the mushroom with a knife at the very base, in families, which helps preserve quality and longer storage of the crop.

How to grow porcini mushrooms at home: conditions, features

Porcini mushrooms turn any dish into an amazing royal treat! But you can hardly find them in stores, and you can only buy them on the market in the fall. It should be noted that porcini mushroom is among Russian species one of the most expensive. And this is one of the reasons why gardeners still decide to try to grow this mushroom at home or in the garden, although this is not so easy to do. How to grow porcini mushrooms without significant problems and costs?

Unfortunately, growing this mushroom in significant quantities often does not pay off, and therefore not very large " mushroom farms» mostly belong to private gardeners. The main difficulty is the close interaction of porcini mushrooms with certain tree species, and such natural conditions difficult to create in a factory environment. It is easier to create appropriate conditions for mushrooms in a small plot of your own or in separate room. Porcini mushrooms grow well among coniferous trees, oaks and birches. They also do well when young. mixed plantings and in spruce plantations.

More recently, Dutch breeders have developed special porcini mushrooms that are capable of producing good yields in rooms with an artificial environment: greenhouses, greenhouses, etc. Of course, not everyone is able to cope with the specifics of growing porcini mushrooms.

Technologies

How to grow porcini mushrooms at home? There are two growing technologies for this mushroom, as for the ones mentioned above:

1. Extensive - breeding in the forest, on a garden plot ( open air). This is the simplest and economical way, but the yield in this case is highly dependent on weather conditions.

2. Intensive - breeding in an artificial habitat. The method requires considerable financial investments, the presence of a special room with necessary equipment for climate control. At proper care The yield is consistently high, and the payback for this method is relatively fast.

About the substrate

How to grow porcini mushrooms at home correctly? An extremely important condition is the breathability of the substrate, since without this the mycelium will not be able to develop fully and may become infected with mold. It can also consist, as noted above, of sunflower husks, straw, buckwheat, dried corn stalks, etc. In the future, you can also use hardwood sawdust.

It is important that the substrate is dry, free of rot and mold. You shouldn't over-moisten it either. If there is too much moisture left during hydrothermal treatment, the substrate must be suspended so that the excess water drains off within 2-3 days.

After processing, the substrate must be crushed so that it has the properties of a sponge (retaining moisture). The quality of the material can be determined by pressing on it - the substrate is springy, but does not release moisture. Only after this can mycelium be added to it.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the garden

Many people wonder whether and how to grow mushrooms in the garden (extensive method). Of course, it is possible, provided that the territory grows suitable trees. Porcini mushrooms require the presence of birch, oak or pine trees. But this is not enough. It is necessary to prepare a suitable planting mixture for growing, then choose a place for planting.

At a distance of one meter from the selected tree, you need to remove a layer of soil to a depth of about 15 cm, making sure that the roots of the tree are not damaged. Having slightly exposed the roots, pour seed onto them (350 ml per area of ​​25 sq. cm). Cover all this with prepared soil and water it with water (about 6 buckets per 1 tree) very carefully to avoid washing out the soil with mycelium. This planting should be done from late summer to mid-September.

How to grow porcini mushrooms in another way? It is more complex, but also effective. In this case, you should use mycelium with horse manure and oak leaves. A shaded area is selected and a small hole 1.5 m wide and 30 cm deep is dug. The mixture is laid in layers of 10 cm, alternating with soil so as to form a convex bed (20 cm above the ground). Better garden bed make it sloping (in the form of a mound) to avoid stagnation of water.

To prepare fragments, you need to carefully cut off a part of the soil (30x15 cm) around a mushroom grown in the forest with a spatula, divide it into pieces (5-10) and put it in holes to a depth of about 7 cm. Plant the mycelium in a checkerboard pattern at about a distance of 30 cm. water and cover with leaves. It should be remembered that this method will yield only enough next year. However, it is necessary to water the garden bed every week with 5-6 buckets of water. As a result, fruiting bodies will appear by the end of August. It is important to note that the yield of mushrooms planted using the second method is approximately one bucket per plot of one tree.

Porcini mushrooms at home

How to grow mushrooms at home? Growing porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse, in a barn or at home, that is, in any artificial environment, can be done in an intensive way. The planting process is the same as when growing other types of mushrooms.

First of all, the substrate material needs to be boiled (60-80 minutes), while it does not need to be removed from the bags. Then drain the water and place the substrate under pressure until it cools to a temperature of 25 o C. When boiling in bags, they do not need to be opened, just make holes for water drainage. The cooled material is transferred to a sterile room, pre-treated with a 1% chlorine solution (it produces pre-processing mycelium). The mycelium must be placed in the substrate carefully so that the spores do not scatter. All windows and doors must be closed.

And that's not all. Growing mushrooms is not that easy. How to comply with all the necessary the right conditions so that the growing process will ultimately bring good fruits?

The mycelium and substrate are poured onto the disinfected surface and mixed well, after which ready mix placed in bags with volumes of 5-15 kg. The mass should compact well. For growing at home, it is best to prepare 5 kg bags to simplify the regulation of temperature exchange inside them. The finished bags are flattened and several small holes are made on their sides to ensure air flow. What follows routine care, as with all other mushrooms.

Conclusion

How to grow mushrooms in the country? It's actually not very difficult. The main thing is to set a goal. The eyes are afraid - the hands do. The work requires special preparation and great patience.

It is at the dacha - the most best option for growing mushrooms, since the conditions for growth are closer to natural.

Growing mushrooms at home is a complex and labor-intensive process. Mushrooms are rich in nutrients, vitamins, macro- and microelements, fiber, which is good for work gastrointestinal tract. Mushrooms grown at home include champignons, shiitakes, oyster mushrooms, and lion's mane.

Types of technologies

Before growing mushrooms, you need to decide on the technology. Experts identify several methods for growing mushrooms at home, including basic (traditional) and alternative (non-traditional) technology for breeding eukaryotic organisms.

Before growing a mushroom at home using the first method, it is recommended to decide on its type. N It is recommended for beginners to breed 3 types of plants of the kingdom in question:

1. Oyster mushrooms.
2. Champignons.
3. Shiitake.

What mushrooms can you grow at home (video)

The choice of medium on which organisms will germinate depends on the type of group. Oyster mushrooms prefer to grow in straw, champignons in compost manure, and shiitake mushrooms in hardwood sawdust. Before growing mushrooms, you need to buy mycelium, presented in the form of sawdust with fungal mycelium (root structure). To grow mushrooms at home, you will need to use the appropriate mycelium.

Rhizomes made from thin threads can be purchased in specialized organic stores. Gardeners often confuse mycelium with spores. The latter are peculiar mushroom seeds (not seedlings, as in mycelium). Growing mushrooms at home from spores will require more time and practical skills.

Mini mycelium for champignons (video)

The next step is to clean the culture medium. Before placing the mycelium on a nutrient medium (if we are talking about straw or sawdust), it is recommended to clean it of microorganisms that can harm it or compete with the mycelium. To do this you will need to sterilize it. Then you need to put the straw or sawdust in a heat-resistant container, adding water. The dishes are placed in the microwave or placed on the stove. The water should boil. This procedure can kill all microorganisms, protecting the soil for mycelium.

Sterilization of soil for mushrooms (video)

Additional work

Before planting the mycelium on the nutrient medium, it is recommended to warm it up. b (heat stimulates and significantly accelerates the growth of mushrooms). The mycelium should be evenly applied to the soil, mixing it with your hands. The resulting mixture is placed in a previously prepared container. The dishes with mycelium are placed on an electric pad (temperature no higher than 20 0 C). The structure is stored in a dark place for 20-23 days. These conditions well stimulate the growth of mycelium and its distribution in the soil.

Through specified period the container with the nutrient medium is transferred to a dark and cool room (temperature up to 15 0 C). This could be a basement, a barn warm time year, and in winter - a closet or drawer located in an unheated room of the house. It is recommended to lay a ball of soil on top of the medium in a thin layer, which is abundantly irrigated with water. The main rule is that the environment should always be moist and cool. To prevent moisture loss, it is recommended to cover the container with soil with a damp towel.

After 2-3 weeks, small mushrooms should appear.

To speed up the growth of small indoor mushrooms, it is recommended to keep them in a cool and dark place. The harvest is harvested after separating the caps from the stems. Experts do not advise pulling out mushrooms with your hands, as they may be damaged. root system or the growth of small organisms will be impaired. For harvesting it is recommended to use sharp knife. Mushrooms are cut off at the base of the stem. Harvest Can be cooked immediately or stored in the refrigerator for up to 10 days. In this case, use a paper bag.

Unconventional breeding methods

You can grow mushrooms at home using unconventional or alternative methods:

• logs deciduous trees;
• coffee grounds;
• use of special devices.

In the first case, birch plugs populated with fungal mycelium are driven into logs of deciduous trees. These plugs can be purchased at a gardening store. This technology for growing mushrooms is used for boletus, reishi, lion's mane, chanterelle, and pearl mushrooms. How it works: It is first recommended to find a log made of deciduous, but not aromatic wood (oak, maple, poplar). Before planting, at least 2 weeks must pass so that all the antifungal properties of the tree disappear from the log.

Its length should not exceed 10 cm, and its diameter should not exceed 35 cm. With such dimensions, you will need on average up to 50 birch plugs. To install them, you should make holes (over the entire area of ​​the log) 5 cm deep. For this you will need a 5x16 drill. The holes are made in 10 cm increments. The plugs are driven into the holes with a hammer. Then they need to be sealed beeswax to protect from pests and weather. If the log will be stored in room conditions, in a garage or basement, then the plugs will not seal.

The mycelium first spreads along the log, and then mushrooms sprout from the cracks. On average, this process lasts 12-14 months. This takes into account weather conditions, humidity and ambient temperature.

How to grow oyster mushrooms on a tree (video)

Coffee grounds and special kits

Coffee grounds are ideal nutrient medium for some types of mushrooms (oyster mushrooms). She has many nutrients and is already ready to be populated by micelles. This is due to its sterility. Microorganisms are destroyed during the coffee brewing process. For 0.5 kg of micelles you will need 2.5 kg of grounds. A special geotextile bag - Grow bag - is used as a container for the nutrient medium. Otherwise, use a milk container or an ice cream carton with 4 side holes.

The next step is to evenly distribute the mycelium in the coffee grounds. The mixture is thoroughly mixed by hand. Then it is placed in a container, which is recommended to be tightly closed and placed in dark place(temperature 18-25 0 C). Shelf life - 20-25 days.

When growing mushrooms, experts recommend watering the soil 1-2 times a day. An indicator of the next stage is the whitening of the soil - this is the uniform growth of the mycelium in the thicket. Then the container is transferred to a bright room, but to a shaded place. A 5x5 cm hole is cut out on the box. The soil is watered several times a day. In this case, it is necessary to periodically monitor the soil moisture. At first the mushrooms will be small, and after 5-7 days the caps will begin to separate from the stems. The harvest is underway. Coffee grounds are planted in compost or under the bark (for the germination of new mushrooms).

For gardeners, special kits have been created for growing mushrooms at home, which consist of a plastic bag with a sterilized and seeded medium (straw or soil). Operating principle: the package is pre-opened. It is stored in a bright place, but not in direct sunlight. It is recommended to water the medium several times a day.

Some kits are equipped with plastic tents that protect the soil from moisture loss. On average, mushrooms begin to grow within 3-5 days. Using this technology, you can grow champignons, lion's mane, shiitake, and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms begin to germinate within 1-2 weeks. Upon completion this process the soil is transplanted into compost (in the fresh air).

Before choosing one of the above listed technologies for growing mushrooms at home, it is recommended to consult with specialists.

Gallery: mushrooms at home (15 photos)

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Growing mushrooms at home is a task that anyone interested in growing food for their own consumption should take on at least once. Mushrooms are a healthy addition to any diet because they are low in calories and fat but high in fiber and potassium. In addition, they are easy to grow at home. Mushrooms are best grown in a room where the temperature and conditions can be easily controlled. Knowing how to grow mushrooms at home will help you carefully manage your growing conditions.

Steps

Part 1

Choose the type of mushrooms you will grow. There are three types of mushrooms that are easiest to grow at home: oyster mushrooms, champignons and shiitakes. The methods for growing these mushrooms are similar, but each of them requires its own ideal nutrient medium.

• It is better to grow oyster mushrooms in straw. Shiitake mushrooms grow best in deciduous sawdust, and champignons grow best in composted manure. These different growth media reflect the different nutritional needs of each species. However, each of the three species is fairly easy to grow in sawdust or straw.
• The choice of mushrooms to grow is a matter of taste. You need to grow the mushrooms that you like.

1. Buy a mycelium. Mycelium is sawdust permeated with mushroom mycelium - essentially the root structure of the mushroom. They are used as plant seedlings to promote growth.

   • You can buy high-quality mycelium from an online, gardening, or other specialty organic store.
   • Buy mycelium, not spores. Some stores also sell spores, which look more like plant seeds (rather than seedlings). Growing mushrooms from spores requires more time and practice and is best suited to a seasoned mushroom grower.

2. Sterilize the growing medium. If you grow mushrooms in straw or sawdust, you must sterilize this substrate before sowing the mycelium. This is done to kill any microorganisms that may compete with the mycelium.

   • To sterilize the media substrate, place it in a heatproof bowl and add enough water until the straw or sawdust becomes damp. Place the bowl in the microwave and heat it to high power for two minutes or until the water has evaporated.
   • The heat will kill all microorganisms, protecting the growing medium for the mycelium to accept. You may have to work in batches to completely sterilize all the straw or sawdust.

3. Heat the substrate to spread the mycelium into it. The mycelium must be carefully distributed in the growing medium for the mushrooms to begin to grow. Warm temperature stimulates growth.

   Place the substrate in a suitable location. After three weeks, place the substrate in a dark and cool place (about 13 °C). As a rule, a basement or cellar is suitable for this, but in winter period A closet or drawer in an unheated room is suitable.

   • If you notice spots of green or brown(like moldy bread), remove these areas and discard.
   • Place a handful of soil on the substrate and spray everything with enough water to thoroughly wet it. You can cover the baking sheet with a damp towel to prevent moisture loss.
   • You can place a low heat lamp next to the baking sheet. It will replace the sun, and the mushrooms will begin to reach towards it and grow upward, which will make them easier to collect in the future.
   • Keep the mixture moist and cool while the mushrooms grow. Check it periodically and spray it with water as necessary.
   • Mushrooms prefer cool weather. The most important thing is not to let them overheat. At temperatures below 21°C, mushrooms should grow perfectly.

4. Harvest when the mushrooms are fully grown. After about three weeks you will have small mushrooms. Keep them moist, cool and shaded to encourage their growth.

   • When the mushroom caps are completely separated from their stems, they are ready to be harvested. You can pick the mushrooms with your fingers, but you risk damaging the newly developing mushrooms beneath the surface. Instead, use a sharp knife to cut off the mushrooms at the base of the stem.
   • Mushrooms must be washed before cooking. Collected mushrooms can be stored in a paper bag in the refrigerator for up to seven days.

   Part 2

   Growing mushrooms on coffee grounds

   1. Get it coffee grounds. Growing mushrooms from coffee grounds - interesting project With reuse coffee grounds that would otherwise go to waste. Coffee grounds are an excellent breeding ground for mushrooms (particularly oyster mushrooms) because they are already sterilized during the coffee brewing process and are full of nutrients.

      • For 500 g of mycelium you will need 2.5 kg of fresh coffee grounds. The best way to get this amount of fresh coffee grounds (brewed the same day) - go to a cafe and ask kindly. Most likely, they will gladly give it to you.

   2. Find a mushroom container. It is best to use a special bag with a filter, which can be purchased along with mycelium. If you don't have one, you can use a large freezer bag, a clean milk carton, or an ice cream carton with four holes punched in the sides.

      Transfer the mycelium to a container. Wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap, then stir the mycelium into the coffee grounds, breaking them up with your hands to distribute them evenly. Place the inoculated coffee grounds in a plastic bag or container and seal it tightly.

      Place the mycelium in a suitable environment. Place the bag or container in a warm, dark place between 18 and 25°C, such as under a sink. Leave for approximately three to four weeks until the contents turn completely white due to the mycelium colonizing the coffee grounds.

      • If green or brown spots, cut them out so as not to be poisoned later.

   3. Move the mushrooms. When the contents of the bag or container become completely white, move it to a bright place (but not under direct sun rays) and cut a 5x5cm hole at the top. Moisten the contents of the container by watering it twice a day to prevent drying out - the mushrooms will not grow in too dry conditions.

Few people will be surprised by beautiful flowers in the garden or at home. But mushrooms on a personal plot or in an apartment can be called exotic, which amazes the imagination. Mushroom farming in lately is becoming more and more popular.

Mushrooms are nutritious and tasty, and you can cook interesting dishes with them. They are very unpretentious, so anyone can breed them. In this article I will look at ways to grow mushrooms. I have tried some of them myself.

1 - honey mushrooms 2 - chanterelles 3 - oyster mushrooms

You can try growing winter mushrooms on the balcony. They do not need special lighting, and it is better to buy blocks with substrate ready-made. You can also make compost yourself. To plant honey mushrooms, it is treated not with boiling water, but with a nutrient composition to which jam, starch or corn flour. and the substrate is placed in jars or bags. Honey mushrooms need coolness. On the balcony it is necessary to maintain a temperature of about 10-12 degrees and a humidity of 80%. If you follow these rules, you can collect 2-3 harvests of honey mushrooms.

Mushrooms are a natural source of protein and valuable vitamins. Growing mushrooms at home for beginners is a complex but fascinating process that brings good results. The finished product can be consumed independently or sold.

Technology for growing mushrooms at home

Mycelium for growing mushrooms

Organizing a proper mycelium takes almost half the time it takes to grow mushrooms. Growing experts prefer mycelium own production. Otherwise, the abundance and speed of harvest will depend on suppliers, who do not always work perfectly. High-quality mycelium can be grown on wooden sticks or grain substrate. Each variety of mushroom requires a different approach.

Mushroom growing kit

Today there are kits on sale that allow you to grow mushrooms with absolutely no effort. Most often these are boxes with oyster mushrooms. Russian instructions are included, so you won’t get confused in the process and will definitely get a harvest. The used substrate will be used as fertilizer. According to the manufacturer's recommendation, a temperature of 14 to 22 degrees is needed. The box gives 3 harvests, and there is only a week pause between them, during which time the substrate is restored. Home care consists of regular watering. On cardboard container There are dotted lines to create slits, a linen towel, a watering device, a thermometer with a magnet, and the mushroom block itself.

Blocks for growing mushrooms

Mushroom blocks are convenient polyethylene bags. Package dimensions may vary. Today, packages of 900 by 350 mm are in demand. The manufacturer fills the bags with substrate. This is a highly nutritious medium for fungal growth. The package also contains mushroom seed material. If you place the block in appropriate conditions, a rich harvest of high-quality mushrooms will soon appear. Most often it is oyster mushroom. One block costs from 100 rubles.

Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse

To grow mushrooms in greenhouses, you need to choose and prepare the greenhouse design correctly. Most often, dim light and humidity up to 90% are recommended. Greenhouses consisting of 4 flanges, where there is heating - gas, stove or electric, are best suited for growing champignons. Oyster mushrooms grow well in greenhouses. For mushroom greenhouses, fog sprayers are often purchased and installed ventilation systems, manual or mechanical straw chopper.

Growing champignon mushrooms

Conditions for growing mushrooms in the basement of a house

Champignons do not need light, so they can grow in a dark basement. Mushrooms require good ventilation with insect mesh, but without drafts. It is permissible to install forced fans above the drawers and cleaning filters. During the winter months the heating is turned on. The humidity is monitored with a hygrometer and thermometer, the room is ventilated to reduce humidity, and the floors and shelving are irrigated to increase it. Mycelium growth occurs at a temperature of 23 degrees, fruits grow at 16-17 degrees. Thus, it is better to have 2 zones with a stable temperature - in one, incubation occurs and the mycelium grows into the substrate, and in the other, a crop is created.

How to grow mushrooms in the basement?

Champignon harvest

The optimal temperature for mycelium growth is the range of 20-27 degrees. Young mushroom threads can be seen after 10-12 days. Next, you need to pour 4 cm of soil onto the substrate (soil mixed with peat, limestone), wait another 5 days. Spray the planting with water from time to time. When the incubation phase ends, the temperature is reduced to 12-17 degrees and the growth of mushrooms begins. After 3-4 months the harvest occurs. The mushrooms are removed by twisting, without cutting, and the place of the mushroom is covered with soil. The harvest is harvested at the moment when a white film has not yet appeared on the cap, there are no brown plates. Active growth lasts 1-2 weeks, you can get 5-8 harvests. The varieties best suited for growing at home are double-ringed, double-spored, Hauser A15, meadow champignon, Somycel 512.

Equipment for mushroom cultivation

Large champignon producers use expensive equipment. For example, hot water boilers, steam generators. The work is performed by machines and mechanisms, such as conveyors, soil rippers, watering devices, and lifts with winches. And manufacturers are forced to buy a lot ventilation equipment, For example, centrifugal fans and heaters, heat exchangers and air purification systems.

Growing oyster mushrooms

Conditions for the growth of oyster mushrooms

If you grow oyster mushrooms in natural environment, then the harvest will only be once a year, so the intensive method of growing on a special substrate is popular. Basement for mushrooms it must be clean, free of pests and mold, with good ventilation, temperature 10-20 degrees, humidity 85-95%. Typically the space must be sealed and heated. First you need to purchase mycelium and substrate - it includes hay, buckwheat husk, stems, wood shavings. The product is sold in bags. For looseness and air saturation, the substrate is treated by dry or wet blowing with steam, boiling for 1.5 hours in hot water. You can boil the substrate in a bag with holes. Drying thoroughly for 2 days will protect against mold. Then grind the substrate and mix. Mycelium is stored for 6-9 months at a temperature of 3-4 degrees (not higher than 20 degrees).

Growing mushrooms in bags

Keep the mycelium for 1 day at room temperature. Mash directly in the package. Mycelium is planted and mushrooms are grown in different rooms or behind a partition. Open the package under sterile conditions. Mix the mycelium and substrate, there should be 1.5-3% mycelium. Pack the mixture into plastic bags, each weighing 10-15 kg. For the basement better bags 5 kg. You need to make holes in each bag. The cuts are made with a clean knife, at an angle of 45 degrees, 50 mm long. Place the bags in an incubation area with a temperature of 25 degrees, not higher than 30 degrees. Do not ventilate the room. The free area between the bags is at least 5 cm. The bags are not stacked on top of each other. Incubation lasts 18-25 days, then for cultivation we place the bags vertically.

Growing mushrooms as a business

If the temperature is up to 20 degrees, mushrooms with dark caps will grow, and up to 10 - with light caps. For harvest you need lighting - 5 W per 1 sq. m. Water the mushrooms with warm irrigation 1-2 times a day. To prevent spores in the air from causing allergies, you need to keep mushrooms away from your home. The harvest will appear in 1.5 months. When you collect mushrooms, the next batch will ripen in 14-21 days. To speed up the growth of the crop, you need to sort out the substrate and cut off the entire stem. At the right approach Oyster mushrooms grow for 6 months. If mold appears, remove the bag and make fertilizer out of it. For successful business Oyster mushrooms require investment, but it all pays off. 100 sq. m of plantings will bring up to 4 tons of harvest per year. A kilogram of mushrooms costs about $1.50. To grow your business, purchase a set of tools and follow the instructions. For sale special blocks and others useful accessories, which facilitate the process and ensure a rich harvest.

Growing mushrooms on stumps

If you populate garden stumps with mycelium, you can harvest for 5 years. The stump will gradually degenerate into dust. Not only oyster mushrooms, but also honey mushrooms grow well on stumps. To saturate a stump with mycelium, you need to chop and soak mushroom caps in warm rainwater. There is also another method - remove a section of a forest stump where mushrooms grew and nail it to a garden stump. Moisten the transplantation area. To create comfort for mushroom growth, shade is needed; for this, monardas, rudbeckias and ferns are planted around the perimeter of mushroom stumps. Stump dust is a good fertilizer.

Growing Shiitake Mushrooms

Planting mycelium in logs

The basis for growing mushrooms is felled logs from oak, chestnut, beech, and hornbeam trees. The bars are selected healthy, 20 cm in diameter, 1.5 m long, with a humidity of 35-70%. The bars are suitable for sowing mycelium for 1-3 months. To do this, holes are drilled in a checkerboard pattern using a sterile 8 mm drill. Lay the rows of holes 10 cm apart from each other, space the holes 20 cm apart from each other. The depth of the holes is 50 cm. The substrate mycelium is laid under wooden plugs, which are hammered in and covered with paraffin or wax. Place all the blanks in a woodpile and place it in the greenhouse. But forests, greenhouses, and hangars are also suitable for incubation.

Shiitake fruiting

Proper incubation takes place at 20-26 degrees, 6-18 months. To stimulate fruiting, moisture is necessary. Mushrooms will grow for 2-5 years, in bars different sizes active period may vary. In a warm environment, shiitake fruits produce fruits 2 times a year. After 2 months, the logs are soaked to rest. This technique ideal for humid regions. Best place for organizing a plantation, it is a place protected from the sun and without drafts.

Growing shiitake in bags

The bagging technique is applicable not only to oyster mushrooms, but also to shiitake mushrooms. A normal substrate can be made from sawdust obtained from deciduous trees. An important fact is the size of the sawdust mass fractions. The fractions should not be very small, otherwise the mass will clump and there will be no full air movement. A moist and clean microclimate should be created to obtain a high-quality harvest.

Growing porcini mushrooms

What is needed to grow mushrooms in a mycelium plot?

Porcini mushrooms are successfully cultivated in natural soil. That's why personal plot- this is the best plantation. The downside here is that you can only harvest once a year. Mycelium can be bought at the store. It is laid out in May-September under coniferous trees that are not old. You will also need properly prepared compost, leaves, moss and branches. One plot can take up to 1.5 m, the tree will be in the center.

Planting porcini mushrooms in the garden

Remove 20 cm of soil. Place a 2 cm layer of compost or soil rich in peat. The mycelium is laid out in a checkerboard pattern, at intervals of approximately 30 cm. Cover the planting with straw and water it. Optimal humidity soil - 40%. The established mycelium will produce a harvest in a year. Porcini mushrooms will grow in the country for 3-4 years. Subject to fertilization - up to 7 years.

Porcini mushrooms indoors

If porcini mushrooms are grown indoors, then you must adhere to temperature range 8-12 degrees. You also need enhanced ventilation, periodically turn on the lighting and keep the humidity at 90-92%.

Growing mushrooms from caps in the country

Cap technology is also available in the garden. Seed material is 10 mature mushrooms, which have 20 cm caps with greenish flesh. Soak the mushrooms for a day in a bucket of rainwater, then mash them by hand without removing them from the bucket. Using a sieve, separate the infusion with spores from the mushroom pulp. Pour the solution onto a bare piece of land, the proportions are 2 liters per square meter. m, then put the mushroom tissue, sprinkle with soil and water. In winter, cover the material. Watering once a week. When the mycelium takes root, after 1-2 years, 2-5 kg ​​of harvest will appear. Porcini mushrooms will grow for 3-4 years.

Growing Kombucha

How to make kombucha from tea leaves?

Kombucha is grown to create a tasty and healthy drink. You only need a few items - a clean 3-liter jar, black loose leaf tea without additives and a kettle, gauze, sugar and boiling water. First, brew 0.5 liters of boiling water and 5 tablespoons of tea, then filter the infusion using gauze. Pour strong tea leaves into a jar, cover with gauze, and keep in a warm environment for 1.5 months. After a week, the infusion will smell like vinegar; after a week it will become weaker. A thin film will gradually stretch on the surface of the tea leaves - this is the rudiment of kombucha. The mushroom will grow fat throughout its existence.

Growing rosehip mushroom

To prepare a vitamin infusion, take 4 large spoons of dry or fresh rose hips and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. Keep the tea covered for 5 days. Pour rosehip infusion into a jar, mixing with tea leaves - 1 spoon of black tea large leaf for 1 glass hot water. Sweeten with sugar - 5 tablespoons, mix everything, leave for a day. Then filter the liquid through cheesecloth, wash the jar and pour the infusion into it again. Cover the container with gauze and wait 1.5-2 months, a mushroom should appear.

How to properly care for kombucha?

A healthy mushroom is always on the surface. The average volume of liquid in a jar is 0.5 liters. When the mushroom grows, the volume increases to 3 liters. To add liquid, pour the brewed tea leaves - it is brewed with boiling water, cooled, sweetened with sugar and poured into a jar. The amount of sugar is 2 tablespoons per 1 liter. Tea leaves do not harm the mushroom, but the sugar must be thoroughly dissolved and the crystals should not come into contact with the homemade mushroom. Mushroom washing - once every 14-21 days. To do this, place the mushroom on a plate, filter the liquid, and pour into a fresh jar. Wash the living round substance with warm water. Brown color and separation are a sign of disease. A healthy mushroom produces a tasty clear infusion.

As you can see, mushrooms are very different and cultivation technologies are different. You can produce this wonderful product for yourself or develop a good home business on this basis.