Raspberries are not considered a capricious plant, but in order to get a good harvest of large, fragrant berries, raspberries need top dressing. Usually gardeners carry out two top dressings of raspberries - in spring and autumn.
Raspberries: spring care, top dressing
Before you start feeding raspberries, you need to destroy the weeds that have grown near it. It is desirable to remove weeds manually, because when digging, the roots of the plant, which are close to the surface, can be damaged in raspberries. In addition, you need to cut the lower shoots.
You can feed raspberries in the spring with both organic and mineral fertilizers. In May, you can feed raspberries with organic matter: for 10 liters of water, 2 tablespoons of sodium humate or 0.5 liters of mushy mullein. As for mineral fertilizers, experts recommend combining 60 g of superphosphate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate and 40 g of potassium salt per 10 liters of water for spring top dressing.
Potash fertilizers can be replaced with a glass of wood ash, which is very useful for raspberries, as it increases their yield. Raspberries are watered with this solution in two doses - in May and early June. You can feed the bushes with a mixture of 3 g of potassium salt, 3 g of superphosphate, 2 g of nitrogen fertilizers and 1.4 kg of manure per 1 sq. m. The soil in the raspberry must be mulched.
Feeding raspberries in summer
If the appearance of raspberries is not so hot, that is, the shoots are thin, the foliage is small and yellow, then the raspberries did not have enough spring feeding. And in order to rectify the situation, raspberries will have to be fed in the summer, using mineral fertilizers. Such top dressing is carried out in early July, with a solution of complete mineral fertilizer: 20-30 g per 10 liters of water.
Feeding raspberries with chicken manure
Chicken manure is considered almost the best option for organic feeding. Diluted in a ratio of 1:30, fermented chicken manure is usually brought in in the fall, evenly watering the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe raspberry with it. Experienced gardeners bring in well-rotted chicken manure in a dry form, and also in the fall, scattering it near raspberry bushes.
Feeding raspberries during flowering
To increase yields, some experts recommend feeding raspberries during flowering. A mixture consisting of 1 cup of superphosphate, 1 cup of ash and 3-4 tablespoons of urea is diluted in 10 liters of water and the solution is added along the grooves.
Feeding raspberries with yeast
Yeast contains many useful substances for plants, so they are also used as top dressing. The solution for dressing can be prepared from fresh and dry yeast. If dry yeast is used, then 10 g of dry yeast and 5 tablespoons of sugar are taken per 10 liters of warm water. All this is infused for at least 2 hours, after which the resulting infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. Fresh yeast is taken 0.5 kg per bucket of warm water, which are also diluted in a ratio of 1:5. Yeast infusion is used immediately, preferably in a still warm form, otherwise the microorganisms that are present in the yeast will die or their use will not give the desired effect. During the raspberry growing season, two top dressings are done - in May and in summer for the formation of ovaries.
In general, experts advise the need to use raspberry dressings to focus on the appearance of the plant. If during the growing season raspberries have grown shoots of sufficient thickness and about 2 m long, and the yield of berries from one bush was at least 1 kg, then the fertilizers were selected correctly and applied in sufficient volume. If the harvest was low, and the condition of the shoots is poor, it is necessary to increase the amount of fertilizer applied in the fall or feed the raspberries more often.
Powerful raspberry bushes strewn with large fragrant berries are the dream of every gardener. One of the most important conditions for its implementation is the timely application of fertilizers. Therefore, gardeners do not stop worrying about how to feed raspberries in autumn and spring, in summer during flowering and after fruiting, in order to have abundant fruit-bearing plants on the site.
Drought and stagnant moisture are detrimental to raspberries
Like most cultivated plants, garden raspberries need regular feeding. Even if the fertilizer was applied in full before planting on the site reserved for raspberries, over time the supply of nutrients will be depleted. This is due to 2 factors:
- Raspberry roots draw essential nutrients from the soil.
- Abundant summer rains wash out micro and macro elements from the upper fertile layer, and the bush, deprived of food, begins to starve.
In search of an answer to the question of what raspberries lack, gardeners are also faced with a different situation - a long absence of precipitation. The lack of moisture prevents the shoots from receiving the necessary nutrition, as a result, the bushes begin to suffer. Detrimental to the fruit crop and moisture stagnation, which impairs aeration.
Plants need additional feeding for other reasons:
- a harsh winter damaged the shoots;
- an overabundance of certain trace elements arose in the soil;
- raspberries suffered during the drought.
The most accessible way to detect an overabundance or lack of nutrients is a careful examination of the plant. There is the following relationship between visual changes and nutrition of raspberry bushes:
In practice, summer residents often observe a lack of 2-3 components. With a simultaneous lack of phosphorus and potassium, the buds slowly open, the shoots grow for a long time. With a minimum amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, the foliage acquires a light green color and becomes rigid. If there is a lack of all 3 components, the raspberries weaken, bear fruit poorly, and freeze in winter.
How much seasonal top dressing is required for ordinary and remontant varieties?
Mandatory fertilization of raspberry bushes is carried out twice per season.
- In the spring, at the end of April, when the buds begin to swell, or in early May, when the leaves appear.
- In August, after fruiting, or during the preparation of the garden for wintering in September. Fertilizing during this period stimulates bud formation for the new season.
If the raspberry is located on loamy or sandy soil, or the bushes are not powerful enough, it is recommended to carry out additional feeding in early June, during the period of intensive growth of shoots and ovaries. This measure is aimed at obtaining a significant yield from the bushes. The scheme of seasonal feeding of raspberries in different regions is shown in the table.
Due to the almost continuous fruiting, raspberries of remontant varieties are fed more often and more abundantly, namely:
- for the first time, the soil under the plant is fertilized in early spring before the snow melts (at the end of March or at the beginning of April);
- the second top dressing is organized in May, during the blooming of the leaves;
- the next portion of fertilizers is applied in the summer, during the fruiting period;
- they finish fertilizing in the fall to prepare raspberry bushes for wintering.
In spring and early summer, organic and mineral fertilizers with a high percentage of nitrogen are favorable for active growth. They are especially effective at short-term drops in temperature.
Spring dressing of raspberry bushes
To get a good harvest, it is most important to feed raspberries in the spring. If remontant varieties are located on the site, the first portion of fertilizers is applied before the final snowmelt, usually in the first half of April. Grooves or grooves are made around the shoots. In them in
The result of proper care
mullein infusion prepared in a ratio of 1:5 or chicken manure diluted 1:10 is poured. Organics can be replaced with ammonium nitrate and wood ash.
Fertilizers are not laid out directly on the snow cover. When it starts to melt, a significant part of the nutrients will be washed away with water.
It is better to feed ordinary raspberries in late April or early May, before the leaves appear. When the topsoil dries up, it is loosened to a depth of about 10 cm, trying not to touch the roots, then mineral and organic fertilizers are applied.
Wood ash as a source of potassium
In the first 2 years after planting, they are needed in the following quantity (per 1 m²):
- 13-16 g of urea;
- 6-8 kg of humus or peat in the form of mulch.
In the following years, the amount of fertilizer applied is changed. Gardeners prefer to use one of the following options:
- Take 7-8 g of urea (can be replaced by 10 g of ammonium nitrate) per 1 m² and 200 g of ash for each fertilized bush.
- For another option, wood ash (30 g), superphosphate (50 g) and ammonium nitrate (20 g) per 10 liters of water are suitable.
- Adherents of organic farming use an infusion of mullein or chicken manure, diluted 1:5 and 1:20, respectively, followed by mulching the soil with ash.
When the first leaves appear, the second dressing of remontant raspberry varieties is carried out. For her, use granulated ammonium sulfate (15 g for each shrub) or a solution of "Kemira" (1 tablespoon per 3 liters of water).
- Is it possible to feed raspberry bushes during flowering?
The end of May is the time for the opening of flower buds on the shoots, so fertilizers are indispensable. Shallow grooves are dug around the plants, a solution is poured into them, which includes wood ash (3-4 tablespoons), 1 tbsp. urea and superphosphate per 10 liters of water.
What fertilizers are applied under raspberries in the summer before and after harvesting?
Summer feeding of raspberries is organized to increase the chances of getting a high yield or to restore the vitality of the shoots after active fruiting.
In early June, when flowering continues and ovaries appear, raspberries are fertilized in one of the following ways:
For summer top dressing, complex fertilizers are suitable, for example, "Ideal" (3 tablespoons per bucket of water). Such a fertilizer mixed with potassium magnesia is also used to feed remontant raspberries during fruit ripening. This amount is enough for watering 5-6 seedlings.
With an unsatisfactory condition of the leaves and a small number of ovaries, the foliage is sprayed with a composition prepared from:
- 5-10 g of manganese sulfate;
- 1-2 g of copper sulfate;
- 2-2.5 g of boric acid;
- 2-3 g of ammonium molybdate;
- 2-3 g of zinc sulfate;
- 10 liters of water.
Raspberries can be fed in August, when the last fruits are harvested from most varieties. During this period, most summer residents carry out foliar feeding with "Crystal" or other complex fertilizer. After harvesting in raspberries, it’s a good idea to sow green manure, for example, leafy mustard. Before the onset of cold weather, it is cut, crushed, dug up together with the soil to a depth of 20 cm.
Video and feeding raspberries with ammonia.
Autumn top dressing of raspberries
So that next year the fruit perennial will please with a rich harvest, in September, after pruning the shoots and removing excess root shoots, they act in the following sequence:
The rest of the time, autumn feeding of raspberries is carried out with mineral fertilizers in one of the following combinations (per 1 m²):
- 40-50 g of superphosphate granules and 30 g of potassium sulfate;
- 50 g of superphosphate granules and 40 g of potassium sulfate;
- 50 g of superphosphate granules and 30 g of potassium magnesia;
- 40 g of superphosphate and 100 g of wood ash dissolved in 10 liters of water.
Nitrogen fertilizers, necessary in the spring, cannot be applied under raspberries in the fall. They will provoke unwanted growth of shoots, as a result, the plant will freeze out when frost occurs.
Fertilized plants are watered thoroughly so that the granules dissolve and the nutrients become available to the roots. At the base of the raspberry stems, peat is laid with a layer of at least 10 cm. It will not only prevent the soil from drying out, but will also help the plants survive the cold period better.
Video about preparing raspberries for winter.
As you can see, for enhanced growth and abundant fruiting, it is important not only to feed raspberries in autumn and spring, but also in summer.
Fertilizers for raspberries are needed in order to get a rich harvest, maintain bushes during the growing season and fruiting, and prepare plants for winter or spring. can be both mineral fertilizers and organic substances. Many summer residents also use folk remedies to feed raspberry bushes of different varieties.
It is necessary to use different types of fertilizers for raspberries when there are certain indicators for this. Usually the clues lie on the surface - you just need to look at the appearance of the bushes. They are the best indicators of what and when to feed. The main features include:
- The shoots have become thin and weak, and the foliage is small, which means that the raspberries lack phosphorus.
- Yellow foliage with green veins indicates an iron deficiency.
- Leaves that grow weakly, and at the same time quickly turn yellow from the middle to the edges, indicate that the bushes lack magnesium.
- The leaves have become small and yellow, which means you need to add nitrogen.
- When the foliage becomes brown, has burnt edges around the edges - potassium will be needed.
- If the leaves are dark and the shoots are brown, then there is a lot of nitrogen in the soil under the bushes. If its amount is not reduced, then the berries will fall off.
Raspberry fertilizer in spring
Before feeding, a preparatory stage should be carried out. Its essence is to cut the lower shoots, pull out the weeds with your hands, loosen the soil, but not deeper than 10 cm. For spring top dressing, mineral fertilizers are used, which include:
- Superphosphate, which is necessary to increase the yield of bushes, accelerate their growth, and form a more stable immunity to diseases and microbes.
- Potassium salt as a fertilizer for raspberries perfectly nourishes the bushes. You can replace the chemical with wood ash, which does not contain chlorine. Ash is used in a dry state or in the form of a liquid solution.
- Nitrogen fertilizers produced in the form of ammonium nitrate and urea.
Spring top dressing with minerals can be complex. In particular, you can mix 30 gr. ammonium nitrate, 60 gr. superphosphate and 40 gr. viburnum salt. All these elements are dissolved in a 10-liter bucket of water, and then used in several steps to fertilize the soil. The first time - in the spring, and the second - at the very beginning of June.
- Potassium salt - 3 grams.
- Nitrogen - 3 grams.
- Phosphorus - 2 grams.
- Manure - 1.4 kilograms.
This dosage is used for a plot of 1 m2.
Top dressing in autumn
During the spring and summer, the bushes lose nutrients, the absence of which threatens the development of the plant, reducing yields in the next season. Therefore, it is necessary to use fertilizers for raspberries in the fall. Before top dressing, you must perform the following steps:
- Loosen the soil.
- Remove all weeds with your hands.
In autumn, it is necessary to use organic preparations for fertilizer, since they contain a large amount of trace elements and nutrients. Organic raspberry absorbs much better than chemicals. It improves immunity and productivity.
In autumn, as a top dressing, it is worth using such types of fertilizers as:
- Decomposed manure, which will give strength to the bushes in the spring, and in winter the manure will warm the roots. Fertilizer is used at the rate of 6 kg per 1 m2.
- Well-rotted compost is also an excellent fertilizer for raspberries. It is best to use compost made from weeds, leaves, and vegetable waste.
- Peat is needed for raspberries if the soil under the bushes is depleted and has a poor quality structure.
- Bird droppings (for example, chicken), which is diluted with water, and then evenly used on the bush area.
Three stages of feeding
It is necessary to fertilize raspberries several times during the season:
- When landing. Top dressing should be applied in the hole for each seedling. To do this, you need a mixture consisting of 200 grams of superphosphate, 800 grams of potassium sulfide, 8 kilograms of humus. Sometimes superphosphate and potassium sulfide are replaced with 500 kg of wood ash. The fertilizer in the hole is mixed with the ground, and then a seedling is placed there, the roots of which are processed in a manure solution.
- May or the first feeding of raspberries is carried out with cow dung, which is diluted with water. It will take 500 ml of manure and 10 liters of water. This mixture is enough to process a shrub with an area of 1 m2.
- At the beginning of summer, additional processing of the bushes can be carried out. It will take 2 kg of manure to dissolve in 10 liters of water, which will be enough to spray 5 or 6 bushes.
- The next top dressing of raspberries is needed in order to improve the quality of the crop and fruiting. Use organic-mineral fertilizers made on the basis of humus. It will take 3 tablespoons of fertilizer and 10 liters of water. For 1 m2 you need 7 liters of the prepared mixture. Fertilizing in August or early September will help lay the foundation for future flower buds. Top dressing is carried out through the introduction of a mixture - 60 grams of superphosphate and 40 grams of viburnum salt under each bush. It is recommended to make such a mixture in the furrows near the bush. Fertilizer should be dug 20 cm into the ground, at a distance of 30 cm from each plant.
Organic fertilizer for raspberries
As such dressings for bushes, it is worth using the following types of organic matter:
- Cow dung or mullein. 1 liter of fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water. The mixture is enough to process 2 m2 of area.
- Chicken litter. In 30 liters of water, 1 liter of organic matter should be diluted, allowed to ferment, and then watered. Avoid getting the mixture on the leaves, otherwise burns will form on them. For the soil, chicken manure is one of the high-quality fertilizers, since it contains nitrogen, zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium. Thanks to this nourishment, the bushes will grow and give an excellent harvest.
- Overripe manure. It is brought under each bush, at the rate of 0.5 buckets (or 5 liters) of manure, which is distributed over the ground, and sprinkled on top with either earth or peat.
- Decomposed compost, which is made from plants, peat, manure, corn waste, foliage, garden weeds. It is necessary to make it under the bushes, for 1 m2 - 10 kilograms.
- Peat, which improves the quality of the soil and promotes the fruiting of bushes.
Folk methods of fertilizing raspberries
Gardeners also use their own funds in order to improve the condition of raspberry bushes and improve the quality of the crop. It is customary to refer to such folk remedies:
- Peel of bananas. It is necessary to take 10 skins and pour 10 liters of water, leave for a week. The resulting mixture is watered under the bushes, saturating the root system and soil with potassium.
- Onion peel. It will take 50 grams of husk and 10 liters of water, the solution is infused for two weeks. Watered under bushes to saturate raspberries with potassium and protect them from pests.
- Nettle and comfrey. 10 liters of water are poured (you need to take 500 grams of each type of grass). Insist two weeks, putting a bucket in the sun. The resulting mixture is diluted in a ratio of 1 to 10 and watered raspberry bushes.
- Mulch, which consists of sawdust and humus. Spread under the bushes.
Fertilizing with minerals in spring
Usually used to saturate the bushes with mineral elements in the spring, when plants experience an acute shortage of nitrogen and its compounds, potassium, phosphate, phosphorus and calcium.
As mineral fertilizers it is customary to use:
- Potassium salt.
- Superphosphate.
- nitrogen fertilizers
The first two types of fertilizer must be applied, at the rate of one dose of 150 grams of the substance per plot with an area of 1 m2. Nitrogen fertilizers are mixed, taking 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 8 grams of urea. added to the root.
Sometimes phosphorus is used, which is applied in autumn or early spring.
If you want to get abundant harvests of large and tasty berries every year, then fertilizing raspberries is a must. Naturally, in order for top dressing to be effective, you need to know when (at what time), how and with what to feed raspberries in spring, summer and autumn (after fruiting), so that the shrub is always provided with all the required macro- and microelements.
Raspberries, like any other berry shrub, are quite demanding on nutrition and, accordingly, sensitive to its deficiency.
Naturally, the shrub needs the whole complex of macro- (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and microelements (magnesium is the most important, as well as sulfur, boron, calcium, iron, etc.)
The most important nutrients for raspberries are potassium and nitrogen, but we must not forget about phosphorus (especially after fruiting, although it is also necessary in the period before and after flowering, but in smaller quantities than potassium).
Due to the lack of phosphorus, the number of ovaries decreases, and therefore, the yield, as well as the sugar content in berries, decreases sharply (they simply cease to be sweet).
Nitrogen - is required for the active growth of shoots (stems) and leaves.
However! You can not overdo it with nitrogen fertilizers and use them only before flowering, otherwise raspberries will drive shoots and foliage to the detriment of fruiting.
Potassium - is responsible for pouring berries, namely, it has a direct effect on its size (large fruit) and sweetness.
In addition, potassium tends to increase the immunity of the plant, which means that raspberries will be able to better resist various diseases.
Thus, spring feeding of raspberries, which should include the entire balanced set of macro- and micronutrients, is carried out for the normal growth and development of the plant, in particular, to increase its yield (not only in terms of quantity, but also large-fruited), improve taste berries.
When to fertilize raspberries in spring: optimal timing and scheme
Feeding raspberries in the spring follows a certain pattern, so it is extremely important to know when and at what time to fertilize. In this case, it is most convenient to rely on certain phases of plant development.
Many experienced gardeners adhere to the following scheme for feeding raspberries in spring and summer (after harvest) or in autumn, focusing on the phases of shrub development:
Note! It is not worth rushing with the first dressing. The roots of the plant still begin to absorb and assimilate fertilizers only when the soil temperature is not lower than + 5-10 degrees. Although many advise to apply fertilizer earlier, still in the snow, so that they are absorbed together into the soil when it (snow) melts.
- The first feeding of raspberries is carried out in early spring when a positive temperature is established (the snow begins to actively descend or has already disappeared) and the shrub begins to wake up (its buds begin to swell), that is, after you cut, loosen and weed the bushes from weeds.
At this point, the plant needs a lot of nitrogen to grow green mass. Ammonium nitrate or urea is your choice. Alternatively, you can, in principle, apply a complex fertilizer such as nitroammofoski.
- Just before flowering (during the period budding).
In order for raspberries to gain weight - to be large and sweet, they need more potassium and phosphorus. That is why the composition of top dressing must necessarily include potash and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as a little nitrogen (but much less than during the first top dressing). You can still use NPK, but diammophoska is better. In this case, you can also use potassium humate.
- During flowering and start fruiting.
- After fruiting and harvesting (late summer-autumn).
The purpose of the last top dressing is for the raspberries to lay flower buds = prepare for the next harvest, and also strengthen before wintering, in other words, so that they do not freeze. Therefore, the shrub also requires potassium (as an option, and potassium sulfate or simply potassium monophosphate).
Video: a variant of the raspberry feeding scheme
How to properly fertilize raspberrieswhat types of dressings are there, their specificity
- Raspberries planted last year do not need to be fertilized in the spring if a sufficient amount of nutrients = fertilizers was introduced into the soil during planting.
Feeding begins only after 2-3 years, because only by this time the plants will pull out of the soil all the nutrients introduced during their planting.
- Before feeding raspberries, it is recommended to first shed the bushes with plain water, because. it is always necessary to fertilize on moist soil, especially with mineral fertilizers.
By the way! You can water the day before or 1-2 hours before applying liquid top dressing.
- If during the root dressing you get on the leaves and fruits, then try to then rain (lightly rinse) with plain water.
- Top dressing is desirable to produce in the morning or evening, but not at noon, when the sun is at its zenith, or you can choose a cloudy day.
Advice! Any granulated mineral fertilizer(especially ) better pre-dissolve in a separate container in hot water (boiling water is possible), since the granules, as a rule, dissolve in cold water quite poorly and slowly.
Methods or types of feeding
Exists 2 ways or types of feeding any plant(including raspberries): root (watering under the root) and foliar (along the leaves). Let's look at each of them in more detail.
As a rule, exactly spring basic root top dressing(more often in liquid form, but it is also possible in dry form - scatter the granules and cover them with earth. Further, the fertilizers will gradually dissolve during irrigation or rain). And now summer can be done and foliar top dressing(for leaves).
Root top dressing
Root top dressing involves the application of fertilizers directly under the raspberry bushes or at some distance from them.
For root dressings, as a rule, mineral fertilizers are used with macronutrients, as well as organics.
Foliar top dressing
Fertilize raspberries in the spring for abundant fruiting = you can harvest not only under the root, but also along the leaves.
Note! It is believed that foliar top dressing is most effective when the plant especially needs certain trace elements (which is manifested in its appearance), in other words, they are carried out as needed.
Thus, foliar top dressing, as a rule, is carried out with the help of fertilizers, which include trace elements.
Obviously! Foliar dressings cannot completely replace root dressings. Therefore, the root ones are the main top dressings, and the foliar ones are additional (if necessary).
How to feed raspberries in spring for a good harvest: options for effective spring fertilizers
Naturally, before buying and fertilizing, you need to figure out what (what fertilizers) you can and better feed raspberries in the spring.
As with many other crops, both mineral and organic fertilizers can be used to feed raspberries.
Note! Do not apply potassium chloride and phosphorus fertilizers under raspberries(for example, potassium chloride, potassium salt and diammophos). Such top dressing can provoke plant disease. chlorosis.
By the way! Almost all berries are very sensitive to an excess of chlorine, in particular red and white currants, strawberries (strawberries), grapes, and to a lesser extent black currants and gooseberries.
Nitrogen supplement
Remember! Applies only 1 time, early spring.
mineral nitrogen fertilizers:
- Urea(Urea) - 46% nitrogen (20-30 grams per 10 liters of water or per 1 sq.m);
By the way! Many gardeners recommend feeding raspberries for the first time in early spring, even in the snow, with urea (urea).
- Ammonium nitrate- 33% nitrogen (30-40 grams per 10 liters of water or per 1 sq.m);
organic nitrogen fertilizers:
- chicken manure(as a rule, 1 to 20 with water, or you can simply sprinkle it in the trunk circle);
By the way! Please note that purchased poultry manure contains the entire complex of macronutrients, as well as some trace elements.
Video: feeding raspberries in spring with chicken manure
- infusion cow dung or mullein(1 to 40);
- green manure(that is, nettle infusion).
It is also very good to mulch the near-trunk circle compost or humus.
Complex mineral supplement
It is very convenient to use complex mineral fertilizers, which have all the macronutrients.
So, raspberries in the spring (before flowering) can be fed with the following complete mineral fertilizers:
- Nitroammophoska(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium - all 16% each). Prepare the solution at the rate of 20-30 grams per 10 liters of water.
- diammofoska- 10% nitrogen, 26% phosphorus and potassium (20-30 grams per 10 liters of water).
Note! The composition of these fertilizers does not include any trace elements, and it is very desirable to make them. Therefore, it is highly recommended to add humates to the solutions, which are described in more detail later in the last paragraph.
Mineral and organic potassium-phosphorus top dressing
Suitable for top dressing before and after flowering, as well as in autumn.
Mineral:
- Superphosphate- nitrogen 6-9%, phosphorus - 26-30% (20-30 grams).
- potassium sulfate(potassium sulfate) - 46-52% potassium (30-40 grams).
Everything (superphosphate and potassium sulfate) dissolve and mix in 10 liters of water, and then pour 5 liters of solution under each bush.
Video: feeding raspberries in spring with superphosphate and potassium sulfate
By the way!Instead of potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate), you can usepotassium nitrate(Nitrogen -13.6, Potassium 46%).
Also very convenient to use potassium magnesia, which, in addition to potassium (32%), includes such an important trace element as magnesium (12%).
Organic potassium-phosphorus top dressing
If you supporter of organic farming, then you can as potassium supplement use by preparing the following solution (or even better infusion extract): 100-200 grams of ash per 10 liters of water, and then pour 5 liters under each bush.
Concerning phosphorus, then it is present in the same bone or fish meal (100-200 grams per 1 sq.m).
Video: phosphorus fertilizer for shrubs (bone meal)
Fast digesting phosphorus supplement
Suitable for feeding before and after flowering (during fruiting).
To make an easily digestible infusion for spring feeding of raspberries, you need:
Take potassium monophosphate, dissolve in water and feed. However, it is not always possible to find it in the store, and it costs a lot.
Therefore, you can prepare it from superphosphate (preferably double):
- 1 kg double superphosphate pour 5 liters of boiling water;
- after the water has cooled, add 0.5 liters of 9% vinegar;
Acidifying the water will help convert calcium phosphate to a more soluble form.
- Let it brew for 12-24 hours, shaking and stirring occasionally.
- Add another 5 liters of water, bringing the total volume to 10 liters.
- Then dilute 1 liter of superphosphate received infusion with 10 liters of water (1 to 10).
- Carry out feeding.
Advice! The remaining phosphorus sediment can be dug up under fruit trees.
Autumn potassium-phosphorus top dressing (after harvest)
An excellent option for feeding raspberries after fruiting and harvesting (that is, at the end of summer - closer to autumn) can be the following combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers.
First option:
- Superphosphate- nitrogen 6-9%, phosphorus - 26-30% (20-30 grams per 10 liters of water).
- potassium sulfate(potassium sulfate) - 46-52% potassium (15-20 grams per 10 liters.
Second option:
- Nitroammophoska- 2 tbsp. spoons (25-30 grams).
- - 1 cup (100-200 grams).
Third option:
- diammofoska- 10% nitrogen, 26% phosphorus and potassium (20-30 grams).
Fourth option:
- Potassium monophosphate(Phosphorus - 50%, potassium - 33%) - 15-20 grams;
You dissolve everything, mix it in 10 liters of water and pour 5 liters of solution under each bush.
Ready-made fertilizers for raspberries
If you don’t want to bother (you are a “lazy” summer resident), then you can buy one of the special complex fertilizers for raspberries (berry bushes), which already has all the macro- and microelements (apply and dilute everything according to the instructions on the packages):
- Gumi Omi "Berry" for raspberries, strawberries (garden strawberries), currants and other berry bushes (based on chicken manure).
- Specialized fertilizers are especially popular prolonged action(granular, it is desirable to make them dry in the holes according to the diameter of the bushes, and then water them). For example, " berry bushes» from Fusco.
- and others.
Fertilizers with humates and trace elements
very good to use humates, which contribute to better absorption of mineral fertilizers. Therefore, you can first prepare a solution of humate (for example, Humate Potassium), and then add a complex mineral fertilizer to it, for example, the same Nitroammophoska.
By the way! Now humates are initially added to some complex mineral fertilizers. For example, " Fortress" from Fusco with humates and trace elements.
In general, it is very convenient to use for feeding raspberries. ready-made cocktails of the most important trace elements type Humate +7 Iodine.
Folk remedies
Among folk remedies for feeding raspberries, yeast is very popular.
This top dressing is best done before flowering.
- 100 g of fresh yeast (or 30-35 grams of dry, i.e. 1 to 3 ratio) and 100 grams of sugar are dissolved in 5 liters of warm water and infused for 1-3 days (to start the fermentation process), while not forgetting stir occasionally. Then the resulting mother liquor is diluted 1 to 10 with water, poured into a watering can and watered abundantly (pouring about 5 liters) each plant.
Important! The introduction of yeast into the soil negates the presence of potassium in the soil (dissolves it), so after about a week, add a potassium supplement, for example, feed or potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate).
Video: feeding raspberries with yeast
Video: ammonia - super means to increase the yield of raspberries
Raspberries are a healthy and tasty berry. This unpretentious berry shrub grows well in the most forgotten corners of the country house and constantly thanks us with a good harvest. And if you pay a little attention to raspberries, cut them in time, find out when it’s right and, most importantly, how to feed the raspberries, the crop will immediately increase significantly.
Raspberry is a berry bush with prickly shoots. However, recently breeders have been trying to breed varieties with bare shoots to make it easier to pick berries. Because of the delicious berries, everyone tries to plant raspberries on the site, but due to the fact that the raspberry is very sprawling and does not look very decorative, they usually plant deep into the site, in the farthest corner and forget about it. There, in the shade of garden trees, raspberries bloom poorly and bear fruit, which inexpressibly surprises the owners. What else do raspberries need? Here are some tips to help you get serious raspberry harvests from a small area all season long.
Landing
The best time to plant raspberries is spring. Some varieties can
Planting raspberries must be carried out in a sunny place. The more light, the better. Raspberries, growing by themselves, shade themselves; they do not need companions in the form of garden trees.
Seedlings are planted in trenches or holes, into which humus is first poured. The seedlings are buried a few centimeters deeper than they grew in the old place. On average, they are deepened by 4-6 centimeters. The distance between the holes is about 60 centimeters, and between the rows of raspberries - about a meter.
The planted plant is well shed with a bucket of water, having previously formed a hole for irrigation.
Watering
Raspberry is a moisture-loving plant. Therefore, in the season it must be watered abundantly in order to get a good harvest of delicious berries. Moisture is especially necessary for the plant during flowering, development and ripening of fruits. Therefore, the first abundant watering is done before flowering, the second after 2-3 weeks. The next watering is done at the time of harvest. The last time the raspberries are watered after pruning.
Raspberry pruning
Raspberries give a harvest on the shoots of the second year. This rule does not apply to repair raspberries. You need to know this in order to successfully form a raspberry bush.
The next year after planting, at the moment when the buds begin to bloom, raspberries are formed by pruning, leaving several strong and healthy shoots. The tops of the shoots are slightly shortened, but not much, since the main fruit buds are at the top. The shoots are attached to the support.
Autumn pruning is the removal of dried shoots.
Raspberry fertilizer
Raspberries are fed several times a season:
- during flowering and the appearance of the ovary;
- during fruiting;
- after the end of fruiting.
The most important trace elements for raspberries are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilizers reduce the resistance of raspberries to frost, so fertilizers are applied in the following sequence: nitrogen fertilizer in spring and summer, potassium-phosphorus in autumn. Raspberry fertilizer in summer is recommended with organic-based formulations, as raspberries respond well to organic matter. In addition, organic fertilizers have a positive effect on the quality of the crop.
Feeding raspberries in spring
In May, i.e. in spring, raspberries are fertilized mainly with nitrogen-containing compounds in order to enhance vegetation, shoot growth and thereby increase its yield. Mineral fertilizers should not be applied, because harvesting an environmentally friendly crop is the goal of every gardener.
Feeding raspberries during flowering
Here are some recipes for feeding raspberries when they bloom:
- Feeding with mullein is carried out in the proportion of 1 part of mullein to 10 parts of water. Let it brew for about a week;
- A solution of chicken manure in the proportion of 1 part manure to 10 parts water, let it brew for about 10 days, and then use it as a fertilizer, diluting a liter jar of infusion into 10 liters of water;
- In the infusion of chicken manure or mullein, prepared according to the rules, add wood ash in the proportion of 1 cup per 10 liters of water, as well as bone meal, which is applied directly under the roots, mixed with humus;
- Yeast in an amount of 100 grams is dissolved in a 10-liter bucket of water; you can fertilize raspberries with a similar composition in spring and summer. It perfectly stimulates the growth of green mass, activates flowering and increases productivity.
Feeding raspberries in summer
The second feeding is carried out when the berries begin to actively sing. You can feed raspberries in July with organic or biohumus compounds. Do not use mineral compounds so that they do not affect the quality of the crop.
- Apply compositions based on biohumus, diluting according to the instructions for the drug;
- You can feed the raspberries again with infusion of mullein or chicken manure;
- Stimulate productivity by feeding with yeast infusion.
Feeding raspberries during fruiting is necessary for the plant to increase productivity, improve the quality and taste of berries.
Autumn top dressing
During the autumn feeding period, it is recommended to introduce herbaceous plants into the soil, for example, vetch, clover, mustard. Overheating, the grass loosens the soil and gives additional fertilizer to the raspberry roots. In addition, a mixture of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers is applied under the plant, which will enable the plant to lay flower buds for the next season.
- 30 grams of phosphorus and 20 grams of potash fertilizer are mixed, the dry mixture is embedded in the soil around the bush;
- They pour it under a bush and close up up to 1 kg of wood ash per square meter of raspberries; raspberry ash fertilizer is recommended to maintain the optimal amount of potassium in the soil
Feeding raspberries with yeast
Feeding raspberries with yeast greatly stimulates the vegetative process, flowering and fruiting of the bush. Therefore, you can feed the raspberries during the ripening of the berries with yeast. In addition to the fact that such top dressing will become a stimulant, it will also strengthen the immunity of the plant, increase productivity and positively affect the quality of the crop.
