Historical data suggests that Stalin originally conceived 8 skyscrapers, which were supposed to demonstrate to the whole world how majestic the Soviet Union was. The location of the houses was planned to be special, it was supposed to resemble the perimeter of the Egyptian pyramids and serve to accumulate energy flows. As a result, 7 skyscrapers were erected, which even today proudly rise in the center of the capital. These buildings have become a legend of Soviet architecture, they are covered with many secrets and legends.

Stalin's skyscrapers amaze with their beauty, these are monumental buildings that can fascinate with their power and grandeur. The laying of the foundations of all skyscrapers took place on the same day, it happened on September 7, when the capital celebrated its 800th anniversary. It is known that skyscrapers were supposed to become the surroundings of an even more majestic building - the Palace of Soviets.

It was planned to build a huge palace, which would include a hundred-meter figure of Lenin. The height of the building was to be 420 meters along with the figure. But the war interfered with the plans, the building was dismantled. Metal structures went to other needs.

Stalin skyscrapers - style of architecture

When high-rise projects were being developed, the architects took into account the tastes of Stalin himself. It is known that he loved the Gothic, so all the buildings were crowned with pointed-type completions. At first, there were no spiers in the projects, then they were completed at the direction of the management. The ancient Roman aesthetics, elements of the classics, motifs of Russian architecture, characteristic of the 16th-17th centuries, can be traced in the architecture. It must be said that in the silhouette of skyscrapers, characteristic architectural traditions capital Cities. They are visible in the towers of the Kremlin, in the bell tower of the monastery, called Novodevichy, a slender vertical, which is inherent in the bell tower of Ivan the Great.

Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow - where are they located?

The first skyscraper is a house on Kotelnicheskaya

House of artists built according to the project famous architect named Chechulin. The house is located in a cozy and rather beautiful place - on the Kotelnicheskaya embankment. The building has 32 floors and is made in the Stalinist Empire style. The house is conceived as the starting point for all other streets that lead to the river. The house was attached to the house of the Chekists. This complex has 700 apartments.

The second skyscraper - the house at the Red Gate

A house was built on the high point of the Garden Ring. The height of the building is 138 meters. Nearby is the metro station called Red Gate. The architects of this project were Mezentsev and Dushkin. The house was originally intended for employees of the Ministry of Transport Engineering. Today, the building houses not only the aforementioned ministry, but also many of the most different organizations, including a currency exchange, a bank, a restaurant, shops, the Transstroy corporation.

The third skyscraper is a hotel called "Leningradskaya"

The building fits perfectly into the ensemble of the square on which it is located. Near the metro station "Red Gate" and "Kalanchevskaya". The hotel is known in the capital. The exterior decoration of this skyscraper is more elegant, it includes architectural elements typical for temples.

The fourth skyscraper is the House of Aviators

The skyscraper is located on Kudrinskaya Square, it is located near the metro station called Barrikadnaya. The ensemble consists of a central building and side ones. The central building has 24 floors, the side buildings have 18 floors each. High-rise apartments were received by workers in the aviation industry, test pilots, and astronauts.

Fifth skyscraper - Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The building houses three ministries, namely the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, economic ties and trade. There are 28 elevators in the building, 18 of them are high-speed elevators. I must say that this is the only skyscraper that does not have a star on its spire. Stalin was supposed to stand on the spire, but the design of the spire could create a serious load, it was replaced with a lightweight one.

Sixth skyscraper - a hotel called "Ukraine"

The building is located on Kutuzovsky Prospekt, next to the Kyiv metro station. Two thousand specialists developed a variety of details of the structure. The building has a spire 73 meters high. The perfection of the composition of the building is amazing. The hotel opened in 1957 side buildings were given over to housing.

Seventh skyscraper - Moscow State University

The Moscow State University building opened its doors in 1953. It is located on Sparrow Hills. Vera Mukhina was engaged in the design of the facades, as well as the creation of various sculptures. The building was designed by a group of architects led by Rudnev. Luxury interior decoration in this building is amazing. Stairs are made of marble, decor elements resemble palace ones.

Skyscrapers of Moscow Stalinist - how many pieces (addresses)

1. House on Kotelnicheskaya. Kotelnicheskaya embankment, house 1, fraction 15.

2. "Red Gate", Sadovaya-Spasskaya, house 21.

3. Hotel Leningradskaya, Kalanchevskaya, house 21, fraction 40.

4. Hotel Ukraine, avenue called Kutuzovsky, building 2.

5. Residential building. Kudrinskaya square, house 7.

6. The building of Moscow State University, Sparrow Hills, house 1.

7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Smolenskaya-Sennaya Square, house 32, fraction 34.

If you want to visit the famous Stalinist skyscrapers with an excursion, it will be very convenient to stay at the Romashka hostel, located in close proximity to the main attractions of the capital. This hostel provides high level safety and comfort. Cozy and friendly atmosphere will not leave you indifferent.

"Stalinka" - this is the name of the houses built in the USSR from 1935 to 1960. These buildings owe their nickname, of course, to I.V. Stalin, during whose reign they were founded. Outstanding examples of Stalinist architecture can be seen in many cities: St. Petersburg, Volgograd, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny Novgorod and others. These lines will tell about seven perhaps the most outstanding examples of architecture of this period. I present to your attention seven famous Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow:

The main building of Moscow State University on Sparrow Hills

Address: Sparrow Hills, Main Building of Moscow State University. Nearest metro station: Universitet.

The groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 12, 1949. On September 1, 1953, training sessions began in the corps. Height - 182 m, with a spire - 240 m, the number of storeys of the central building - 36. The height of the base above sea level - 194 m. For 37 years, until the construction of the Messeturm in Frankfurt in 1990, the Main building of Moscow State University was the tallest building in Europe.

Address: Kotelnicheskaya embankment, 1/15. Nearest metro station: Taganskaya.

The house, closing the perspective from the Kremlin to the mouth of the Yauza, was built in 1938-1940, 1948-1952. The central volume has 26 floors (32 including technical floors) and has a height of 176 m. There are 540 apartments in the skyscraper, of which 336 are two-room, 173 three-room, 18 four-room and 13 one-room apartments.

Hotel "Ukraine"

Address: Kutuzovsky prospect, 2/1. Nearest metro station: Kyiv.

The hotel is located at the intersection of Kutuzovsky Prospekt and Novy Arbat. The hotel building is located opposite the White House. The second tallest "skyscraper" was built in 1953-1957. Received the name "Ukraine" already in honor of the homeland of the next Secretary General Khrushchev, under Stalin it should have been called simply - the Hotel building in Dorogomilovo. The building opens the Kutuzovsky Prospekt, created in 1957. Contemporary official name- Radisson Royal (Radisson-Moscow). The central volume of the building includes 34 floors; the total area is more than 88 thousand m², the height is 206 m, including the 73-meter spire.

The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Address: Smolenskaya-Sennaya st., 32. Nearest metro station: Smolenskaya.

The building was built in 1948-1953. The central volume includes 27 floors, the height of the building is 172 m. The building completes the panorama from the Borodinsky bridge, forming a square. The building houses the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation(Russian Foreign Ministry). characteristic feature skyscraper is a huge coat of arms of the USSR on its facade.

The original design of the building did not have a spire, but the plan was subsequently finalized. Calculations showed that the building would not withstand a stone superstructure, so the spire was constructed from sheet steel and painted with ocher (therefore, it was noticeable that the color of the spire differed from the color of the building's decoration). Currently, the spire is repainted and practically does not differ in color from the main volume of the building. The Foreign Ministry building is the only one of the seven skyscrapers whose spire is not crowned with a five-pointed star. Probable cause This is because the spire of the building turned out to be very fragile and could not bear the weight of the star.

Address: Kudrinskaya Square, 1. Nearest metro station: Barrikadnaya, Krasnopresnenskaya.

Built in 1948-1954. The building consists of a central (24 floors, height with a tower and a spire - 156 meters) and side buildings (18 residential floors each), constituting a single structural array based on a common ground floor. There are over 450 apartments in the building. The technical floors of the side buildings were subsequently modernized and turned into residential ones. They can be reached by stairs, rising from the entrance, or through open passages from the central tower. There are 4 to 8 apartments on each floor, the lobbies are richly decorated (mirrors, chandeliers) and can be locked, isolating the floor from the stairs and the platform in front of the elevator (in fact, each floor is divided into two lobbies by the elevator zone).

Address: Sadovaya-Spasskaya st., 21. Nearest metro station: Krasnye Vorota.

It was built from 1947 to 1952. The building consists of a 24-storey central building and two residential buildings of different heights (from 11 to 15 floors). In the right wing of the building there is one of the two vestibules of the Krasnye Vorota metro station, overlooking Kalanchevskaya Street.

Hotel "Leningradskaya".

Address: Kalanchevskaya st., 21/40. Nearest metro station: Komsomolskaya.

One of the most famous hotels in Moscow, located near Komsomolskaya Square in a 17-storey building. The building was built in 1949-1954. It forms an organic whole with the ensemble of Komsomolskaya Square. Among other "skyscrapers" it stands out for its modest height (only 136 meters) and the sophistication of the exterior and interior decoration. In the decoration of the facade, along with white ceramic tiles used red glazed ceramics. The ribs and the emblem of the octagonal spire, the rosettes between the pylons and the balls on the obelisks are covered with gold. The impressive Leningradskaya tower rises on Komsomolskaya Square, next to three railway stations - Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky and Kazansky. A few years ago, the hotel was acquired by the owner of the world's most famous hotel chain Hilton, after which its building was subjected to serious overhaul. So instead of the Leningradskaya hotel, the luxurious Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya / Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya hotel appeared. Residents of the capital habitually call it the Leningrad Hotel.

There is at least one low-lying place in Moscow from where you can see 4 out of 7 skyscrapers (the hotel "Ukraine", a residential building on Kudrinskaya Square, the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the main building of Moscow State University), - this is Free Russia Square (from Sparrow Hills you can see all 7).

It is believed that almost all "seven sisters" have older twin brothers in the Americas. So at Moscow State University the Manhattan Municipal Building is read, in the house on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment the Wrigley Building, the house on Kudrinskaya Square is suspiciously similar to the Terminal Tower, the Leningradskaya Hotel is similar to the United States Courthouse, and the Woolworth Building from some angles is indistinguishable from the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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On September 7, 1947, in honor of the 800th anniversary of the city in Moscow, the construction of seven Stalinist skyscrapers began at the same time. The eighth planned building in Zaryadye was never built - the largest hotel in Europe, Rossiya, appeared in its place. How the symbols of the Stalinist Empire were built - in the RBC photo gallery.

Skyscraper on Red Gate Square

Skyscraper at the Red Gate

Height: 138 m

Architects: Alexey Dushkin, Boris Mezentsev

The construction of a 24-storey building on Red Gate Square was completed in 1952; the building is located at the highest point of the Garden Ring. The architect Alexey Dushkin was responsible for the project, who also designed the building of the Children's World on Lubyanka, the Kropotkinskaya, Mayakovskaya, Ploshchad Revolyutsii, and Novoslobodskaya metro stations. In Soviet times, the building housed the Ministry of Transport Engineering, now it houses the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange, the Transstroy Corporation and the Russian Trade Union of Railway and Transport Builders. This is the only skyscraper combined with a metro station, which, given the instability of the Moscow soil, required unique engineering solutions from the creators. The house and the subway were built at the same time. Since part of the skyscraper hung over the subway pit, it was built at an angle, and the ground was frozen to a depth of 27 meters. When the work was completed, the soil thawed and the skyscraper rose to a vertical position.

Skyscraper at the Red Gate

(Photo: Frame from the film "Moscow in Color" / pastvu.com)

The skyscraper was built on the site of the demolished quarter of pre-revolutionary residential buildings, in one of which Mikhail Lermontov was born in 1814. In memory of the poet, from 1941 to 1992, the Red Gate Square was called Lermontovskaya.

Hotel Leningradskaya

Hotel Leningradskaya

Height: 136 m

Architects: Leonid Polyakov, Alexander Boretsky

The construction of the building on Kalanchevskaya Street was completed in 1953. In the family of Stalinist high-rise buildings, the Leningradskaya Hotel is the lowest - 136 m in height.

During its construction, at a depth of 8.5 m, they stumbled upon a "quicksand" - water-saturated soil. The construction was suspended, for its continuation it was necessary to drive piles along the perimeter of the foundation.

Hotel Leningradskaya

(Photo: Moscow Heritage magazine No. 6/2008 / pastvu.com)

In 2008, after reconstruction, the hotel opened under the Hilton brand and received a new name - Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya. All restoration work was financed by Sadko-Hotel OJSC, which is associated with the Gutseriev family. According to experts, investments amounted to $45-50 million.​

Skyscraper on Kudrinskaya Square

House on Kudrinskaya

Height: 156 m

Architects: Mikhail Posokhin, Ashot Mndoyants​

A residential building on Kudrinskaya Square (former Uprising Square) was completed in 1954. The construction was carried out by the Ministry of Aviation Industry, and apartments were provided mainly to senior employees of the department. For this reason, the building was sometimes called the "House of Aviators". Of the 24 floors, 18 are residential. Now, in addition to high-rise apartments, there is a cinema, shops, a bowling club.

Skyscraper on Kotelnicheskaya embankment

Skyscraper on Kotelnicheskaya

(Photo: Photo from the archive of A.K. Rostkovsky / pastvu.com)

Height: 176 m

Architects: Dmitry Chechulin, Andrey Rostkovsky

One of the first completed skyscrapers was a residential building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment. The construction was carried out by the Main Directorate of Industrial Construction Camps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the main labor force were prisoners and German prisoners of war. They also posed for sculptors for the bas-reliefs of workers decorating the facades and lobby of the skyscraper.

At first, apartments were distributed among the NKVD officers, later scientists and cultural figures began to move into the house. AT different time writers Vasily Aksenov, Konstantin Paustovsky, Alexander Tvardovsky, actress Faina Ranevskaya, ballerina Galina Ulanova and poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko lived here. The latter wrote about the cockroaches that inhabited the house - a consequence of the former flour warehouses, on the site of which a skyscraper was built: "Only Zykina began to sing, / from the ceilings / the choir / Prussians went to sing along."

Skyscraper on Kotelnicheskaya

(Photo: Naum Granovsky / book "Moscow by Naum Granovsky" / pastvu.com)

According to realtors, the house on Kotelnicheskaya embankment remains the most status among the other skyscrapers. Price two-room apartment here up to 30 million, 40 million and even 50 million rubles.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs building

(Photo: Dmitry Baltermants / Ogonyok Magazine No. 38/1949 / pastvu.com)

Height: 172 m

Architects: Vladimir Gelfreikh, Mikhail Minkus

The administrative building on Smolenskaya Square was the first to be built. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and the Ministry of Trade are located on 27 floors.

The original design of the building did not involve a spire - it was designed and installed later by Stalin's decree. Due to the impossibility of building a full-fledged spire, it was made in the form of a decorative metal tent completion.

(Photo: Naum Granovsky / TASS newsreel)

In September 2016, work to dismantle the spire on the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the course of the work, individual fragments of the roof of the building were also replaced. “The updated spire will be lighter, which will reduce the load on the entire structure,” the official portal of the Moscow City Hall reported.

In November 2016, the Russian Foreign Ministry created its own channel on Telegram and created a collection of stickers, including images of the main building of the ministry.

Hotel "Ukraine"

Hotel "Ukraine"

(Photo: Vladislav Mikosha / MAMM / MDF / russiainphoto.ru)

Height: 206 m

Architects: Arkady Mordvinov

The building was completed in 1957. The 206 m high hotel was then the tallest hotel building in Europe. A group of architects led by the President of the USSR Academy of Architecture Arkady Mordvinov was responsible for the appearance of the Ukraina Hotel.

During the construction of the building, due to the proximity of the river, groundwater pumps were used around the clock.

Hotel "Ukraine"

In 2005, the structures of the “Kievskaya Ploshchad” God Nisanov and Zarakh Iliev hotel from the Moscow authorities for $ 275 million, another $ 300 million was invested in reconstruction. In 2010, after restoration, the hotel began operating under the Radisson Royal brand.​

Main building of Moscow State University

Height: 236 m

Architects: Lev Rudnev, Sergey Chernyshev, Pavel Abrosimov, Alexander Khryakov, Vsevolod Nasonov

The main building of Moscow State University is the tallest of the Stalinist skyscrapers, until the 1990s it remained the tallest in Europe. Initially, the building of the main building of Moscow State University was planned to be built on the very edge of the Sparrow Hills, but because of the danger of landslides, the building was decided to be moved inland. To implement such a large-scale project in difficult geological conditions, innovative engineering solutions, which were proposed by Vsevolod Nasonov and Nikolai Nikitin - later he built the Ostankino TV tower.

(Photo: Fine Art Images / Heritage Images / Getty Images)

For the construction of the building, a special Railway, which delivered Construction Materials. More than 16 thousand people, including prisoners, were involved in the work. According to the official Chronicle of Moscow State University, Gulag prisoners participated only in early stages construction sites. However, the human rights center "Memorial" cites data on the participation in the construction of the Moscow State University complex by about 8 thousand prisoners over the course of five years.

Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow are amazingly beautiful, monumental and majestic buildings, behind which a trail has been stretching for more than half a century mystical secrets and captivating stories. Let's talk about these unique buildings, their history and legends.

7 Stalin skyscrapers in Moscow

Historical references indicate that Stalin planned the construction of eight buildings. The very fact of their construction was supposed to serve as a demonstration of power Soviet Union- a state that won a terrible war, survived and liberated half of Europe. It is believed that the location of the houses was planned in a special way, following the example of the Egyptian pyramids, and they were created to accumulate energy flows. We will not go into the background of this decision and will answer the question of how many Stalinist skyscrapers are in Moscow, noting only that almost immediately after the war seven most interesting elite buildings were erected, which became the legend of Soviet architecture and were covered with riddles and secrets.

The eighth skyscraper was not built, and the reasons why this did not happen, we will find out below. As for the rest, thanks to Stalin's ambitions, the capital today is decorated with unique architectural buildings, the laying of which took place simultaneously on September 7, 1947, on the day that began to be considered the birthday of the city.

Skyscraper one: house on Kotelnicheskaya

Answering the question how many Stalinist skyscrapers are in Moscow, let's start short review from the House of Art Workers on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment (house 1, Kitai-Gorod metro station). It was built according to the project of architects Chechulin D.N. and Rostkovsky A.K. cozy place.
And the building is no less interesting: 32-storey, built in the so-called Stalinist Empire style, it is decorated with bas-reliefs and obelisks, and has a height of 176 m. perspective of the Moscow River in relation to the Kremlin. The construction of Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow was carried out for the most part by prisoners, who often posed for the sculptures and compositions decorating the building. The house on Kotelnicheskaya was attached to an already completed building - a residential 9-story building for security officers and their families - and perfectly entered the overall architectural complex. This is probably why all the work on the construction of the building, which began in 1949, was supervised by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The construction was completed in 1952.

Bird of Happiness on Shviva Hill

Upon delivery, one wing of the house was given to the military, the second - to the creative intelligentsia. Many famous Soviet artists at different times lived and live in it. In total, there are 700 apartments in the complex, there are shops, a post office and an Illusion cinema. Note that the house was included in the elite of the Moscow housing stock, and, of course, the rent was very impressive, not everyone could afford such expenses, but with someone light hand For a long time the house was called the Bird of Happiness on Shviva Gorka. It became the first commissioned object representing the Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow. The photo in the article emphasizes the monumentality and beauty of this legendary building.

High-rise second: the house at the Red Gate

Built on the peak point of the Garden Ring, the 138-meter building is located at the exit of the Krasnye Vorota metro station, whose name quickly became its landmark.
House at the Red Gate on the street. Sadovaya-Spasskaya, 21 / Kalanchevskaya, 1 was designed by architects A. Dushkin and B. Mezentsev, and the construction was supervised by the Ministry of Railways. The central building of the 24-storey giant was originally intended for the Ministry of Transport Engineering. The side buildings are residential, they contain 284 apartments. The construction was unique, since it was supposed not to disrupt the functioning of the exit from the Krasnye Vorota metro station, for which it was used original method freezing of the pit for the foundation and the erection of a building with a laid deviation, which was eliminated during the shrinkage of the house. The experiment went well: foundation slab withstood the load, and the exit from the metro functioned as it was intended.

Today, in addition to the aforementioned Ministry, the building houses many organizations: the Moscow Currency Exchange, the trade union of the railway and transport construction, corporation "Transstroy", publishing house "Transport", restaurant, bank, shops.

At the beginning of the 19th century, this place was the mansion of Major General Tolya, where M. Yu. Lermontov was born. In memory of this, a memorial plaque was installed on the pediment of the building.

Skyscraper 3: Leningradskaya Hotel

The 17-storey building, representing the Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow, the Leningradskaya Hotel, is located on Kalanchevskaya Street 21/40 (Kalanchevskaya or Krasnye Vorota metro station) and is one of the most famous hotels in the capital. Completed in 1954, the 136-meter-high house, designed by architects L. M. Polyakov and A. B. Boretsky, elegantly organically fit into the existing ensemble of Komsomolskaya Square.
This high-rise is distinguished from others by its elegance. exterior finish and the refined splendor of the interior decoration, which includes elements of temple architecture and Moscow baroque.

Since this building was erected as the front facade of the capital, it became the most luxurious and expensive. 1 sq. meter cost 21 thousand rubles, while 1 m 2 of a house on Kotelnicheskaya cost 5.5 thousand rubles. The history of Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow knows no more expensive construction on that moment. The lobby of the hotel is decorated with bas-reliefs, and unique bronze garland chandeliers illuminate 5 floors. total area 330 hotel rooms is 25 thousand m 2 .

Fourth skyscraper - House of Aviators

At the end of 1954, Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow were replenished with the building of the House of Aviators on Kudrinskaya Square (until 1992 - Vosstaniya Square), 1, near the Barrikadnaya metro station, designed by architects Posokhin M.V. and Mndoyants A.A. Consisting of a central (24 floors) and side (18 floors each) buildings, the building, together with the spire, reaches a height of 156 meters.

450 apartments upon delivery of the house were distributed among workers in the aviation industry, the nomenclature of the Central Committee of the CPSU, test pilots and cosmonauts. The building is also distinguished by luxury and refinement of decoration. Filmmakers often use the interiors of Moscow skyscrapers in the filming of feature and documentary films.

Today, the house houses the Directorate of the company responsible for the operation of a number of high-rise buildings in Moscow, including this building. The premises of the basement and the first floor are currently occupied by shops, a bowling club, the basements are given over to underground parking and garages.

Fifth skyscraper - the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

In 1953, on Smolenskaya-Sennaya Square (building 32), another high-rise building was put into operation - a 27-storey building, which houses three ministries - foreign affairs, trade and foreign economic relations. The height of the building is 172 m, the area of ​​the premises is 65 thousand m 2 . 28 elevators are constantly operating, 18 of which are high-speed.

Designed by the architects Gelfreich V.G. and Minkus M.A., the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the only high-rise building that does not have five pointed star on the spire, and initially it was not in the plan either. This happened because in the construction was used unusual method building frame structures full height. Historians testify that Stalin insisted on such a tower style, but according to experts, the installation of a spire would create a load that the building could not withstand. Subsequently, a lightweight spire was installed. Another attraction on the facade of the house is the coat of arms of the USSR, installed at a height of 114 meters and remaining there to this day.

Sixth skyscraper - hotel "Ukraine"

The hotel, located at 2/1 Kutuzovsky prospect, near the Kyiv metro station, along the Filevskaya line, was designed by a group of eminent architects - A. G. Mordvinov, V. G. Kalish, V. K. Oltarzhevsky and others. Various details of the project developed by specialists numbering up to two thousand people.

The building occupies more than 88 thousand m 2, its height is 206 m, taking into account the 73-meter spire. From the point of view of architecture, this building is distinguished by the perfection of the composition: the central building with a tower crowned with a spire is balanced by the clear monumentality of the outbuildings, and the corner turrets and flowerpots, imitating sheaves of wheat, emphasize the palatial style of the building. The central building was occupied by a hotel, the side ones were given over to housing.

The opening of the hotel took place on May 25, 1957. At that time, "Ukraine" was the largest in Europe, today it has acquired the status of a fashionable European-level hotel.

Seventh skyscraper: Moscow State University

The list, titled "Seven Stalinist skyscrapers of Moscow", includes the new building of the 36-storey university building of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov on Sparrow Hills (house 1), which first opened its doors on September 1, 1953.

The design of the skyscraper was carried out by a group of architects led by L. V. Rudnev. During the construction of the building, the latest technical solutions for that time were used, which made it possible to successfully build a building of variable height on very difficult soils. The decoration of the facades and the creation of sculptural groups were entrusted to the workshop of Vera Mukhina. Given the 58-meter spire, the height of the building is 240 m, and thanks to the stepped structure, the first two floors have large area, allowing you to arrange a huge lobby on the 1st floor, and on the 2nd floor - two majestic columned halls, decorated with sculptures of great scientists. The luxury of the interior decoration of this temple of science is amazing - marble stairs and various decorative elements resemble the palaces of the Golden Age. Auditoriums are located in rooms starting from the 3rd floor.

The central building (sector "A") houses administrative services, faculties, an assembly hall and a recreation center of Moscow State University. The side buildings are given over to housing for teaching staff and student dormitories, there are basement and technical floor and. Until recently, the Moscow State University building was the tallest in Europe.

Administrative building in Zaryadye

Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow were originally planned in the amount of 8 buildings, and the construction of the last of them began and even erected a two-tiered concrete bunker and a technical floor designed by architect D.N. Chechulin.

It was planned to place the People's Commissariat of Heavy Engineering in it, but after the death of Stalin, at the stage of completion of the construction, all work was stopped, and the construction of the house was mothballed. In 1967, the Rossiya Hotel was built on the existing foundation, which no longer exists. The government of the capital plans to set up a large park with an entertainment area on this site.

Finally

Thus, the Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow, the legendary houses that at that time became the real embodiment of the prestige of the country that won the war, and the symbol of the might of the USSR, today are the visiting card of the capital.
All these majestic buildings are amazing, you can talk a lot and interestingly about each of them, but it is difficult to do it within the framework of one article, because the Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow, whose addresses the whole world knows, are the most interesting phenomenon in world architecture.

In 1947, the city of Moscow turned 800 years old, for this solemn event the government decided to erect eight high-rise buildings. They were supposed to personify the power of a great country and the Soviet people. But it is worth starting with a backstory, the scope and ambitions of which are very ambiguous.

The projects of the Stalinist skyscrapers were based on the project of the monumental Palace of Soviets, which was never built. For the sake of a grandiose structure, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was blown up. In its place, in the 1930s, a giant building began to be erected, which was supposed to be the highest in the world at that time - 420 meters.

The Palace of Soviets was to be crowned by a colossal statue of Lenin, the prototype of which was the famous Statue of Liberty in New York, whose height, as you know, is 93 m. So, the Sculpture of Lenin would be one and a half times higher than “American freedom”, and would be considered the tallest sculpture in the world.

Construction was carried out quite actively, but during the war years metal carcass building was demolished. They made anti-tank hedgehogs from it for the defense of Moscow. After the war, they had to focus on rebuilding the country, and the project was put on hold. However, the idea of ​​building the Palace of Soviets did not leave Stalin until his death.

Under Khrushchev, on the preserved foundation of the Palace of Soviets, a huge outdoor swimming pool "Moscow" appeared. He worked all year round.

The Moskva pool operated from 1960 to 1994. In the early 90s, it was decided to recreate the cathedral, blown up by the Bolsheviks, which was erected in gratitude to God for saving Russia from the Napoleonic invasion.

The author of the project of the new Cathedral of Christ the Savior was the restorer Alexei Denisov. He soon gave way to another person. Ironically, the construction of the temple on the site where the world's largest building was supposed to appear was completed by the sculptor Zurab Tsereteli, known for the size of his creations.

There is a legend associated with the place where the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was built. In the 19th century, there was a cloister of the female Alekseevsky monastery here. The nuns heroically resisted the Napoleonic invaders and were able to save valuables and other monastic property. However, after the war, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the monastery to be sent to Krasnoe Selo, and all the buildings to be demolished. The abbess of the monastery refused to leave her and ordered to be chained to an oak that grew in the middle of the monastery courtyard. The abbess was forced to obey by force, but leaving, she allegedly cursed this place, predicting that "nothing would stand on it."

Main building of Moscow State University

All Stalinist skyscrapers were laid on the same day - September 7, 1947, when they celebrated the 800th anniversary of Moscow. It was a symbol of a new stage in the life of the ancient capital.

Here is what the Ogonyok magazine wrote about this:

“At 1 pm, the laying of multi-storey buildings in different parts of Moscow takes place. Only one hour passes between the laying of the monument to the founder of Moscow, Yuri Dolgoruky, and the laying of multi-storey buildings. But the whole soul of the Soviet country passes before us during this hour: the distant past of Russia, a warrior on horseback, in a helmet and chain mail, pointing down with his hand: “Moscow will be here,” and gigantic, multi-story houses built according to last word technology for the people of socialist society, for the builders of communism, for the new people.

The main building of Moscow State University is the largest of all the Stalinist skyscrapers. It has 36 floors, and the height with the spire reaches 240 meters. And perhaps the most legendary.

One of the most common stories is about cryogenic installations. Like, to weak ground did not swim, they decided to freeze him. Legend has it that the builders dug a huge pit under the foundation, filled it with liquid nitrogen, and then put refrigeration units, to the place that is now called the 3rd basement or floor-3. They say that if the freezers are turned off, the building will allegedly slide into the Moscow River in a week. At the same time, they add that the zone was top-secret and was connected by a Metro-2 branch with underground city in Ramenki.

However, many experts say that all this is far from reality. The technology of freezing the soil was, and it was used, first of all, by the builders of the subway. True, not liquid nitrogen was used, in which the metal crumbles, but chilled salts of calcium chloride. Low temperatures they turned semi-liquid soil into an artificial rock that did not let a drop of water through and could withstand enormous pressure. However, the Moscow State University building stands on extremely dense and absolutely dry soils, which there is no need to freeze, experts say.

Building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

According to the original design, the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not have a spire. But when the project was brought to Stalin for approval, he personally completed it. Calculations showed that the building would not withstand a stone superstructure, so the spire was constructed from sheet steel and painted with ocher.

Initially, it was noticeable that it differed in color from the rest of the skyscraper. They say that during the “thaw” Khrushchev was offered to remove the spire, but it was as if the Secretary General, with the words “Let it be a monument to Stalin’s stupidity,” ordered him to leave it. But where is the stupidity? Spiers of steel feature all seven Moscow skyscrapers.

Administrative and residential building near the "Red Gate"

During the construction of the base high-rise building on Lermontovskaya Square, a technique was used that had no analogues in terms of technical courage and engineering art. The fact is that the house with a height of 138 meters was built simultaneously with the Krasnye Vorota metro station.

Designers are faced with difficult problem: for some time high-rise building will be located on the very edge of the pit, therefore, the soil will settle unevenly and the skyscraper will tilt. Therefore, it was decided to specifically build with a slope. Before that, the soil along the perimeter of the pit was artificially frozen according to the metro construction technology. When it then melted, the building sank and assumed a strictly vertical position. This method has never been used anywhere else due to the complexity of the calculations.

House on Kudrinskaya Square (Vosstaniya)

Height 156 meters. The building has 24 floors, 18 of which are residential. The skyscraper was nicknamed the "House of Aviators" due to the fact that apartments in it (and there are 450 in total) were provided to workers in the aviation industry. Under the building there is a bomb shelter that can accommodate all residents.

The upper floors housed special KGB equipment for monitoring the American embassy, ​​which is located nearby, on Novinsky Boulevard. There is a story in the press that there are secret corridors in the building, with the help of which the Chekists could listen in on the conversations of the residents.

Hotel "Ukraine"

After the Main Building of Moscow State University, this is the second tallest Stalinist skyscraper - 206 meters. The hotel was built in 1953-1957 and got its name in honor of the homeland of General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev. Under Stalin, the project was called "Hotel building in Dorogomilov". "Ukraine" opened Kutuzovsky Prospekt.

At one time it was the largest hotel complex in Europe. In April 2010, the hotel reopened after a large-scale restoration under the new name "Radisson Royal".

Hotel Leningradskaya

In the family of Stalin's skyscrapers, the Leningradskaya Hotel is the lowest - 136 meters. The building was named after the nearby Leningradsky railway station. A few years ago, the hotel was acquired by the Hilton chain.

It is worth noting that many new technologies were used in the construction of skyscrapers. So, in the wall cladding were used ceramic plates. At that time it was best material. It not only fully met the architectural and artistic requirements, but also greatly facilitated the operation of the building. Ceramics allows washing the facade with water and steam, without requiring long-term repairs.

Residential building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment

The building is 176 meters high and has 32 floors. It has about five hundred apartments. In Soviet times, they were provided to famous scientists and artists, as well as to nomenclature workers.

According to some reports, the place for this building was personally chosen by Lavrenty Beria, who oversaw the construction of all skyscrapers through the state security agencies. The house on Kotelnicheskaya embankment also has shops, a post office and an Illusion cinema.

Skyscraper in Zaryadye

The eighth Stalin skyscraper was never built - Stalin's death prevented it. AT administrative building in Zaryadye they wanted to place the People's Commissariat of Heavy Engineering. The house on the banks of the Moskva River was supposed to be the largest of all the Stalinist skyscrapers - 275 meters. If it were built, then Red Square would look something like this:

The Rossiya Hotel was built on the foundation of this skyscraper. By the way, it was built according to the project of architect Dmitry Chechulin, the author of the high-rise building in Zaryadye.

In 2006, the hotel was closed due to the fact that the building was badly dilapidated. It was impossible to blow it up because of the proximity of the Kremlin, so the upper floors were dismantled with the help of tower cranes, and the lower ones were broken with heavy equipment. It is expected that this place will be a park.

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