What does the hut look like inside. Russian hut: interior decoration. What was the hut in general

The part of the hut from the mouth to the opposite wall, the space in which all the women's work related to cooking was carried out, was called the stove corner. Here, near the window, against the mouth of the furnace, in each house there were hand millstones, so the corner is also called a millstone. In the oven corner there was a ship bench or a counter with shelves inside, which was used as a kitchen table. On the walls were observers - shelves for tableware, cabinets. Above, at the level of the benches, there was a stove beam, on which kitchen utensils were placed and various household items were stacked.

The stove corner was considered a dirty place, unlike the rest of the clean space of the hut. Therefore, the peasants have always sought to separate it from the rest of the room with a curtain of colorful chintz, colored homespun or wooden bulkhead. The stove corner, closed with a wooden partition, formed a small room, which had the name "closet" or "prilub". It was an exclusively female space in the hut: here women cooked food, rested after work. During the holidays, when many guests came to the house, a second table was placed by the stove for women, where they feasted separately from the men who sat at the table in the red corner. Men, even of their own families, could not enter the women's quarters without special need. The appearance of an outsider there was generally considered unacceptable.

The traditional fixed furnishings of the dwelling were kept for the longest time near the stove in the women's corner. The red corner, like the stove, was an important landmark of the interior space of the hut. In most of European Russia, in the Urals, in Siberia, the red corner was the space between the side and front walls in the depths of the hut, limited by the corner, which is located diagonally from the stove. In the southern Russian regions of European Russia, the red corner is the space enclosed between the wall with the door to the canopy and the side wall. The stove was located in the back of the hut, diagonally from the red corner. In a traditional dwelling almost throughout Russia, with the exception of the southern Russian provinces, the red corner is well lit, since both of its constituent walls had windows. The main decoration of the red corner is a goddess with icons and a lamp, so it is also called "holy".

As a rule, everywhere in Russia in the red corner, in addition to the goddess, there is a table, only in a number of places in the Pskov and Velikolukskaya provinces. it is placed in the wall between the windows - against the corner of the stove. In the red corner, near the table, two benches meet, and above, above the shrine, there are two shelves of a bench; hence the Western-South Russian name of the corner "day" (the place where the elements of the decoration of the dwelling meet, connect). All significant events of family life were noted in the red corner. Here, at the table, both everyday meals and festive feasts were held, the action of many calendar rituals took place. In the wedding ceremony, the matchmaking of the bride, her ransom from her girlfriends and brother took place in the red corner; from the red corner of her father's house she was taken to the church for the wedding, brought to the groom's house and also led to the red corner.

During the harvest, the first and last were installed in the red corner. The preservation of the first and last ears of the harvest, endowed, according to folk legends, with magical powers, promised well-being to the family, home, and entire economy. In the red corner, daily prayers were performed, from which any important business began. It is the most honored place in the house. According to traditional etiquette, a person who came to the hut could go there only at the special invitation of the owners. They tried to keep the red corner clean and smartly decorated. The very name "red" means "beautiful", "good", "light". It was cleaned with embroidered towels, popular prints, postcards. The most beautiful household utensils were placed on the shelves near the red corner, the most valuable papers and objects were stored. It was a common custom among Russians when laying a house to put money under the lower crown in all corners, and a larger coin was placed under the red corner.

Some authors associate the religious understanding of the red corner exclusively with Christianity. According to them, the only sacred center of the house in pagan times was the oven. God's corner and oven are even interpreted by them as Christian and pagan centers. These scholars see in their mutual disposition a kind of illustration of Russian dual faith; they simply replaced the older pagan ones in God's corner, and at first they undoubtedly coexisted with them there. As for the stove ... let's think seriously, could a "kind" and "honest "The Empress Pech, in the presence of which they did not dare to say a swear word, under which, according to the concepts of the ancients, the soul of the hut lived - Brownie, could she personify "darkness"? No way. With much greater probability, it should be assumed that the stove was placed in the northern corner as an insurmountable barrier to the forces of death and evil, seeking to break into housing. A relatively small space of the hut, about 20-25 sq.m, was organized in such a way that it with more or less convenience there was a fairly large family of seven or eight people. This was achieved due to the fact that each family member knew his place in the common space.

Men usually worked, rested during the day on the men's half of the hut, which included a front corner with icons and a bench near the entrance. Women and children were in the women's quarters near the stove during the day. Places for night sleep have also been allocated. Old people slept on the floor near the door, the stove or on the stove, on the golbets, children and unmarried youth - under the boards or on the boards. In warm weather, adult married couples spent the night in cages, passages, in cold weather - on a bench under the deck or on a platform near the stove. Each family member knew his place at the table. The owner of the house sat under the images during a family meal. His eldest son was located on the right hand of his father, the second son - on the left, the third - next to his older brother. Children under marriageable age were seated on a bench running from the front corner along the facade. Women ate while sitting on side benches or stools. Violating the once established order in the house was not supposed to be unless absolutely necessary. The person who violated them could be severely punished. On weekdays, the hut looked rather modest. There was nothing superfluous in it: the table stood without a tablecloth, the walls were without decorations. Everyday utensils were placed in the oven corner and on the shelves.

On a holiday, the hut was transformed: the table was moved to the middle, covered with a tablecloth, festive utensils, which had previously been stored in crates, were put on the shelves. The interior of the chamber differed from the interior of the inner space of the hut by the presence of a Dutch woman instead of a Russian stove, or by the absence of a stove at all. The rest of the mansion attire, with the exception of the blankets and the platform for sleeping, repeated the motionless attire of the hut. The peculiarity of the upper room was that it was always ready to receive guests. Benches were made under the windows of the hut, which did not belong to the furniture, but formed part of the extension of the building and were fixedly attached to the walls: the board was cut into the wall of the hut at one end, and supports were made on the other: legs, grandmothers, podlavniki. In old huts, benches were decorated with "edge" - a board nailed to the edge of the bench, hanging from it like a frill. Such shops were called "pubescent" or "with a canopy", "with a valance".

In a traditional Russian dwelling, benches ran along the walls in a circle, starting from the entrance, and served for sitting, sleeping, and storing various household items. Each shop in the hut had its own name, associated either with the landmarks of the internal space, or with the ideas that have developed in traditional culture about the confinement of the activities of a man or woman to a specific place in the house (men's, women's shops). Various items were stored under the benches, which, if necessary, were easy to get - axes, tools, shoes, etc. In traditional rituals and in the sphere of traditional norms of behavior, the shop acts as a place where not everyone is allowed to sit. So entering the house, especially strangers, it was customary to stand at the threshold until the owners invited them to come and sit down. The same applies to matchmakers: they went to the table and sat on the bench only by invitation.

In funeral rituals, the deceased was placed on a bench, but not on any, but on one located along the floorboards. A long bench is a bench that differed from others in its length. Depending on the local tradition of distributing objects in the space of the house, a long shop could have a different place in the hut. In the North Russian and Central Russian provinces, in the Volga region, it stretched from the conic to the red corner, along the side wall of the house. In the southern Great Russian provinces, it went from the red corner along the wall of the facade. From the point of view of the spatial division of the house, a long shop, like a stove corner, was traditionally considered a women's place, where at the appropriate time they were engaged in certain women's work, such as spinning, knitting, embroidery, sewing.

On a long bench, always located along the floorboards, they laid the dead. Therefore, in some provinces of Russia, matchmakers never sat on this bench. Otherwise, their business could go wrong.

Short Shop - A shop that runs along the front wall of a house facing the street. During a family meal, men sat on it. The shop, located near the stove, was called Kutnaya. Buckets of water, pots, cast irons were placed on it, freshly baked bread was laid.

The threshold bench ran along the wall where the door was located. It was used by women instead of a kitchen table and differed from other shops in the house by the absence of an edge along the edge.

Judgment bench - a bench that goes from the stove along the wall or door partition to the front wall of the house. The surface level of this shop is higher than other shops in the house. The shop in front has folding or sliding doors or is closed by a curtain. Inside it are shelves for dishes, buckets, cast iron, pots. The men's shop was called Konik. She was short and wide. In most of the territory of Russia, it had the form of a box with a hinged flat lid or a box with sliding doors. The Konik got its name, probably, thanks to the horse's head carved from wood, which adorned its side. Konik was located in the residential part of the peasant house, near the door. It was considered a "men's" shop, as it was the workplace of men. Here they were engaged in small crafts: weaving bast shoes, baskets, repairing harness, knitting fishing nets, etc.

Under the conic were the tools necessary for these works. A place on a bench was considered more prestigious than on a bench; the guest could judge the attitude of the hosts towards him, depending on where he was seated - on a bench or on a bench. A necessary element of the decoration of the dwelling was a table serving for a daily and festive meal. The table was one of the most ancient types of mobile furniture, although the earliest tables were adobe and motionless. Such a table with adobe benches near it was found in the Pronsk dwellings of the 11th-13th centuries (Ryazan province) and in the Kyiv dugout of the 12th century. Four legs of a table from a dugout are racks dug into the ground.

In a traditional Russian dwelling, a movable table always had a permanent place; it stood in the most honorable place - in the red corner, in which the icons were located. In northern Russian houses, the table was always located along the floorboards, that is, with the narrower side to the front wall of the hut. In some places, for example, in the Upper Volga region, the table was set only for the duration of the meal, after eating it was placed sideways on the counter under the images. This was done in order to have more space in the hut. In the forest belt of Russia, carpentry tables had a peculiar shape: a massive underframe, that is, a frame connecting the legs of the table, was climbed with boards, the legs were made short and thick, a large tabletop was always made removable and protruded beyond the underframe in order to make it more comfortable to sit. In the underframe, a cabinet was made with double doors for tableware, bread needed for the day.

In traditional culture, in ritual practice, in the field of norms of behavior, etc., great importance was attached to the table. This is evidenced by its clear spatial fixation in the red corner. Any advancement from there can only be associated with a ritual or crisis situation. The exclusive role of the table was expressed in almost all rituals, one of the elements of which was a meal. With particular brightness, it manifested itself in the wedding ceremony, in which almost every stage ended with a feast. The table was interpreted in the popular mind as "God's palm", giving daily bread, therefore, knocking on the table at which they eat was considered a sin. In the usual, non-table time, only bread, usually wrapped in a tablecloth, and a salt shaker with salt could be on the table.

In the sphere of traditional norms of behavior, the table has always been a place where people united: the person who was invited to dine at the master's table was perceived as "one of his own".

The table was covered with a tablecloth. In a peasant hut, tablecloths were made from homespun cloth, both of simple linen weave, and made using the technique of warp and multi-shaft weaving. Tablecloths used daily were sewn from two patchwork panels, usually with a cellular pattern (the most diverse colors) or simply coarse canvas. Such a tablecloth was used to set the table during dinner, and after eating, they either removed it or covered the bread left on the table with it. Festive tablecloths were distinguished by the best quality of the linen, such additional details as a lace seam between two panels, tassels, lace or fringe around the perimeter, as well as a pattern on the fabric.

The interior of Russian huts is mostly very similar and includes a number of elements that can be found in any home. If we talk about the device of the hut, then it consists of:

1-2 living quarters
upper room
lumber room
terrace

The first thing a guest came across when entering the house was the canopy. This is a kind of zone between the heated room and the street. All the cold lingered in the hallway and did not enter the main room. The canopy was used by the Slavs for economic purposes. In this room they kept a yoke and other things. Located in the hallway lumber room. This is a room that was separated from the hallway by a partition. It housed a chest with flour, eggs and other products..

The heated room and the vestibule were separated by a door and a high threshold. Such a threshold was made so that it was more difficult for cold air to penetrate into a warm room. In addition, there was a tradition the guest, entering the room, had to bow, greet the hosts and the brownie. The high threshold just "forced" the guests to bow, entering the main part of the house. Since the entrance without bowing ensured hitting the head on the jamb. With the advent of Christianity in Russia, the bow to the brownie and the owners was supplemented by the overshadowing of oneself with the sign of the cross and the bow to the icons in the red corner.

Stepping over the threshold, the guest entered the main room of the hut. The first thing that caught my eye was the stove. It was located immediately to the left or right of the door. The Russian stove is the main element of the hut. The absence of a furnace indicates that the building is non-residential. And the Russian hut got its name precisely because of the stove, which allows you to heat the room. Another important feature of this device is cooking food. Until now, there is no more useful way to cook food than in the oven. Currently, there are various double boilers that allow you to save a maximum of useful elements in food. But all this is not comparable to cooked food from the oven. There are many beliefs associated with the oven. For example, it was believed that it was a favorite vacation spot for brownies. Or, when a child lost a milk tooth, he was taught to throw the tooth under the stove and say:

"Mouse, mouse, you have a burdock tooth, and you give me a bone tooth"

It was also believed that garbage from the house should be burned in a furnace so that the energy does not go outside, but remains inside the room.

Red corner in a Russian hut

The red corner is an integral part of the interior decoration of the Russian hut. It was located diagonally from the stove (most often this place fell on the eastern part of the house - a note to those who do not know where to set the red corner in a modern home). It was a sacred place where there were towels, icons, faces of ancestors and divine books. A necessary part of the red corner was the table. It was in this corner that our ancestors ate food. The table was considered a kind of altar, on which there was always bread:

"Bread on the table, so the table is the throne, but not a piece of bread - so is the table board"

Therefore, even today, tradition does not allow sitting on the table. And leaving knives and spoons is considered a bad omen. Until today, another belief associated with the table has survived: young people were forbidden to sit on the corner of the table in order to avoid the fate of celibacy.

Shop with a chest in the hut

Everyday household items in a Russian hut played their role. A hiding place or chest for clothes was an important element of the house. Skrynya was inherited from mother to daughter. It included the dowry of the girl, which she received after marriage. This element of the interior of the Russian hut was located most often next to the stove.

Benches were also an important element of the interior of the Russian hut. Conventionally, they were divided into several types:

long - differs from the rest in length. It was considered a women's place where they did embroidery, knitting, etc.
short - during the meal, men sat on it.
kutnaya - was installed near the furnace. Buckets of water, shelves for dishes, pots were placed on it.
threshold - went along the wall where the door is located. Used as a kitchen table.
judgment - a shop higher than others. Designed to store shelves with dishes and pots.
Konik - a square-shaped men's shop with a carved horse's head on the side. It was located next to the door. On it, men were engaged in small crafts, so tools were stored under the bench.
"beggar" was also located at the door. Any guest who entered the hut without the permission of the owners could sit on it. This is due to the fact that the guest cannot enter the hut further than the mother (a log that serves as the basis for the ceiling). Visually, the matrix looks like a protruding log across the main stacked boards on the ceiling.

The upper room is another living space in the hut. Wealthy peasants had it, because not everyone could afford such a room. The chamber was most often arranged on the second floor.Hence its name gornitsa - "mountain". In it was another oven called dutch. This is a round stove. In many village houses they are still standing, being an ornament. Although even today you can find huts that are heated by these old appliances.

Enough has already been said about the stove. But it is impossible not to mention the tools that were used in working with Russian stoves. Poker is the most famous item. It is an iron rod with a bent end. A poker was used to stir and rake coals. Pomelo was used to clean the stove from coals..

With the help of a fork, it was possible to drag or move pots and cast iron. It was a metal arc that made it possible to grab the pot and carry it from place to place. The grip made it possible to put the cast iron in the oven without fear of getting burned..

Another item used in working with the stove is bread shovel. With it, the bread is placed in the oven and pulled out after cooking. And here is the word chaplya"Not many people know. This tool is called a frying pan in another way. It was used to grab a frying pan.

The cradle in Russia had various forms. There were hollowed out, and wicker, and hanging, and "roly-poly" ones. Their names were surprisingly varied: cradle, unsteady, coliche, rocking chairs, lullaby. But a number of traditions are associated with the cradle, which remained unchanged. For example, it was considered necessary to place the cradle in the place where the baby could watch the dawn. Rocking an empty cradle was considered bad luck. We believe in these and many other beliefs to this day. After all, all the traditions of the ancestors were based on their personal experience, which the new generation adopted from their ancestors.

che, bp ,htdyf Wooden log hut is a symbol of Russia. Archaeologists believe that the first huts on the territory of modern Russia appeared 2,000 years ago BC. Many centuries of architecture...

che, bp ,htdyf

A wooden hut made of logs is a symbol of Russia. Archaeologists believe that the first huts on the territory of modern Russia appeared 2,000 years ago BC. For many centuries, the architecture of a wooden peasant house did not change, it combined all the functions necessary for the life of a peasant family, because it fulfilled all its main purposes: a roof over your head, kept warm and a place to sleep. The Russian hut has always found its place in the work of writers and poets. With love for Russia, for its people and everything that surrounds this people, writes M.Yu. Lermontov in "Borodino":

With joy, unknown to many,

I see a complete threshing floor

Thatched hut,

With carved shutters window ...

Suzdal, an open-air museum - an old hut

The poetry of the famous Russian poet is closely intertwined with the life of the people, with their way of life and, of course, the huts ... The huts, surrounded by courtyards, fenced with wattle fences and “connected” with each other by a road, form a village. And the village, limited by the outskirts, is Yesenin's Russia, which is cut off from the big world by forests and swamps, "lost ... in Mordva and Chud." Here is how Yesenin poetically describes the peasant life in Russia:

It smells of loose drachens,

At the threshold in a bowl of kvass,

Over turned stoves

Cockroaches climb into the groove.

Soot curls over the damper,

In the oven, the threads of popelits,

And on the bench behind the salt shaker -

Husks of raw eggs.

Mother with grips will not cope,

bending low,

An old cat sneaks up to the shawl

For fresh milk.

Restless chickens chuckle

Over the shafts of the plow,

In the yard I will have a slender dinner

The roosters are singing.

And in the window on the canopy are sloped,

From the fearful noise

From the corners puppies are curly

They crawl into collars.

Peasant life in the hut was simple and unpretentious, the boyars, merchants and landlords built richer houses for themselves: larger in area, often several floors - real towers. Together with the rest of the surrounding wooden buildings, the tower was a manor. The traditions of building houses from a log house took shape over the centuries, and collapsed in the 20th century. Collectivization, urbanization, the emergence of the latest materials... All this led to the fact that the Russian village became smaller, and in some places almost died. New "villages", the so-called "cottage villages", began to be built up with houses made of stone, glass, metal and plastic. Practical, spectacular, stylish, but the Russian spirit does not live there, and there is no smell of Russia there. Not to mention the insufficient environmental friendliness of such buildings.

However, not so long ago, wooden construction in the Russian style experienced the first stage of a revival.

Fortunately, already at the end of the past century and with the advent of the new millennium, the traditions of the Russian estate began to revive among those who like to lead a country lifestyle, surrounded by nature, among peace and quiet. And the very environment in such housing is conducive to peace and tranquility.

pediment of a wooden house

The "country" style has been confidently retaining the preferences of many developers of suburban housing for the 3rd decade. Someone prefers German country, someone - Scandinavian or American rustic style, someone likes Provence, but when it comes to a wooden country house or dacha, the choice is increasingly being made in favor of interiors in the style of a Russian village.

Where is the Russian style of interior appropriate?

The interior in the style of a Russian hut can be fully recreated only in a wooden house from a log house, chopped from a log. The interior in the style of a tower, a manor is appropriate in any wooden house from a log house. In other cases, when it comes to a brick house, for example, or an apartment in a multi-storey building, one can only talk about stylization, about introducing some features inherent in a Russian hut or tower.

wooden manor house

What was the interior of the Russian hut like?

The center of the Russian hut has always been a stove, which was called the queen of the house. The stove in the tradition of the ancient Russians was a kind of reflection of the universe as a triune world: heavenly, earthly and afterlife. They slept on the stove, washed in it, and in addition, they considered it the abode of the brownie and the place of communication with their ancestors. She warmed and fed, and therefore was perceived as the center of the house. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the expression "dance from the stove." The hut was zoned into the female half, the male and the red corner. A woman was in charge in the oven corner. In the women's corner, there were shelves with various kitchen utensils and crockery. In their corner, the women received, sewed and did various types of needlework. Women's themes are generally quite widely represented in connection with the stove, and this is understandable: who is messing around near it, baking pies and cooking porridge! That's why they said: "a woman's road - from the stove to the threshold." And they also laughed: "a woman flies from the stove, seventy-seven thoughts will change her mind" (with fear).

oven - a central place in a Russian hut

The man spent more time in the men's corner, under the curtains.

The largest and most beautiful place in the peasant house, where they ate and met guests, was the upper room. It was both a living room and a dining room, and sometimes a bedroom. In the upper room, diagonally from the stove, a red corner was arranged - a part of the house where the icons were installed.

Near the red corner there was usually a table, and in the very corner on the goddess there were icons and a lamp. Wide benches near the table were, as a rule, stationary, built into the wall. They not only sat on them, but also slept on them. If extra space was needed, benches were placed at the table. The dining table, by the way, was also stationary, adobe.

In general, the stop of peasant life was modest, rude, but not without embellishments. Shelves were placed above the windows, on which beautiful dishes, caskets, etc. were placed in plain sight. The wooden beds were with beautifully carved headboards, covered with patchwork quilts, on which feather pillows were located. In almost every peasant hut one could find chests for various purposes.

Sudakov P.F. - rustic interior

During the time of Peter the Great, new pieces of furniture appeared, which took their place in Russian huts, and even more so in towers. These are chairs, cabinets, partially replacing chests, slides for dishes and even armchairs.

In the towers, the furnishings were more varied, but on the whole the same principle was preserved: a large hearth, a red corner, the same chests, beds with many pillows, mounds of dishes, shelves for displaying various decorative items. Flowers were placed on windowsills in simple vases: wildflowers in the summer months and garden flowers in October. And, of course, there was a lot of wood in the towers: these were walls, floors, and furniture. Russian country style is a tree, only a tree and almost nothing but a tree.

Creating the style of a Russian hut or a Russian estate in the interior of your home.

1. Choice of direction.

First you need to decide on the style of the era ... Will it be a stylization of an old Russian hut or a hut of the first half of the 20th century? And someone prefers the colorful and elegant atmosphere of Russian towers, almost like from a fairy tale or wooden landowner houses of past centuries, which was sometimes described in the works of the classics, when features of other styles were brought into typical village life: classicism, baroque, modern. After choosing a certain direction, you can also choose suitable furniture, interior items, textiles and decor.

2. Creating the style of a Russian hut

Main. Wooden walls are best left unfinished. A massive board is suitable for the floor - matte, possibly with the effect of aging. Under the ceiling are dark beams. You can do without a stove, but the hearth is still necessary. Its role can be played by a fireplace, the portal of which is lined with tiles or stone.

Doors, windows. Plastic double-glazed windows will be completely inappropriate here. Windows with wooden frames should be complemented with carved platbands and wooden shutters. Doors should also be wooden. As platbands for doorways, you can use boards that are uneven and deliberately roughly processed. In some places, instead of doors, you can hang curtains.

Furniture. Furniture, of course, is preferably wooden, not polished, but possibly aged. Cabinets, slides and numerous shelves can be decorated with carvings. In the dining area, you can arrange a red corner with a shrine, a massive, very heavy table and benches. The use of chairs is also possible, but they should be simple and solid.

The beds are high with carved headboards. Instead of bedside tables, you can put chests in the Russian style. Patchwork bedspreads and numerous pillows are perfect - folded in piles from largest to smallest.

One cannot do without sofas in a modern interior, although, of course, there were none in the huts. Choose a simple sofa with linen upholstery. Upholstery color - natural natural. Leather furniture will be out of style.

Textile. As already mentioned, it is worth giving preference to bedspreads and pillow covers made in patchwork technique. There can be quite a lot of textile products: napkins on pedestals and small tables, tablecloths, curtains, etc. All this can be decorated with embroidery and simple lace.

By the way, you can’t spoil the interior of the hut with embroidery - women in Russia have always loved to do this needlework. Embroidered panels on the walls, embroidered curtains, embroidered bags of herbs and spices hanging from the kitchen beam - all this will be in place. The main colors of textiles in the style of a Russian hut are white, yellow and red.

Lighting. For an interior in the style of a Russian hut, choose lamps in the form of candles and lamps. Lamps with simple lampshades would also be appropriate. Although lampshades and sconces are more suitable for a house, the interior of which is stylized as a Russian estate.

Kitchen. It is impossible to do without household appliances in a modern hut, but technical design can ruin the integrity of the picture. Fortunately, there is a built-in technique that helps with the housework, but does not violate the harmony of the Russian style.

Massive furniture is suitable for the kitchen: a kitchen table with pull-out shelves and cabinets, open and closed cupboards, various hanging shelves. Furniture, of course, should not be polished or painted. Kitchen structures with facades finished with glossy enamel, pvc film, glass inserts, aluminum frames, etc. will be completely inappropriate.

In general, in the interior in the style of a Russian hut there should be as little glass and metal as possible, and plastic would be completely inappropriate. Choose furniture with simple wooden fronts - they can be decorated with Russian folk style paintings or carvings.

As a decor for the kitchen, use a samovar, wicker baskets and boxes, onion braids, barrels, earthenware, wooden products of Russian folk crafts, embroidered napkins.

Interior decor in the style of a Russian hut. Decorative linen textiles with embroidery, many wooden items. A wooden wheel, a spinning wheel and fishing nets will fit perfectly if the house is located near a river, lake or sea. Knitted round rugs and self-woven paths can be laid on the floor.

interior in the style of a Russian hut

For many centuries, a wooden peasant hut was the predominant dwelling of 90% of the population of Russia. This is an easily worn building, and huts have come down to us no older than the middle of the 19th century. But in their device they have preserved the ancient building traditions. They were usually erected from small-layer pine, and in some areas of the Mezen and Pechora rivers from larch.

Russian hut on a high basement with a gallery. The basement was used to store supplies. The hut is located in the Vitoslavitsa Museum of Wooden Architecture near Novgorod.

The hut is united under a common roof with outbuildings. The peasant dwelling consisted of a cage, a hut, a vestibule, a room, a basement and a closet. The main living space is a hut with a Russian stove. The interior of the hut: motionless wide benches tightly attached to the walls, shelves above them; wooden elements adjacent to the furnace; an open dish cupboard, a cradle and other details of home furnishings have a history of many centuries.

BAKE. Particularly interesting in the interior of the Russian hut is the arrangement of the stove. Combined with its wooden parts with the internal architecture of the hut into one whole, it embodies the idea of a home. That is why so much love has been invested by folk craftsmen in the architectural processing of the stove and its wooden parts.

Sometimes a corner for cooking was arranged near the stove, separated by a brightly painted wooden paneled partition that did not go all the way to the top. Often this partition turned into a double-sided and painted built-in wardrobe. The painting was either geometric in nature (motif of the sun), or depicted flowers. The painting was dominated by green, white, red, pink, yellow, black colors.

STORE. Fixed benches were usually arranged along the walls of the entire room. On one side, they tightly adjoined the wall, and on the other, they were supported either by supports sawn from a thick board, or by carved and chiseled posts-legs. Such legs narrowed towards the middle, which was decorated with a round chiseled apple.

If the stand was made flat by sawing out of a thick board, then its design retained the silhouette of a similarly chiseled leg. To the edge of the bench they sewed a clew, decorated with some simple carving. A shop decorated in this way was called pubescent, and its legs were called stamiches. Sometimes sliding doors were arranged between the stalls, turning the wall benches into a kind of chest for storing household items.

A portable bench with four legs or with blind boards replacing them on the sides, on which the seat was approved, was called a bench. The backs could be thrown from one edge of the bench to the opposite. Such benches with a reversible back were called benches, and the back itself was called a bench. The carving was mainly used to decorate the backs, which were made deaf or through - carpentry-lattice, carved or turning work. The length of the bench is slightly longer than the length of the table. The benches in the upper rooms were usually covered with a special cloth - a bench. There are benches with one sidewall - a carved or painted board. The sidewall was a support for a pillow or it was used as a spinning wheel.

Chairs in peasant dwellings spread later, in the 19th century. The influence of the city was most noticeably reflected in the decision of the chair. Folk art is dominated by a stable symmetrical form of a chair with a square plank seat, a square through back and slightly curved legs. Sometimes the chair was decorated with a wooden fringe, sometimes with a patterned back. Chairs were painted in two or three colors, such as blue and crimson. The chairs are characterized by some rigidity, which makes them similar in shape to the bench.

TABLE- usually was of considerable size, based on a large family. The top of the table is rectangular, made of good boards without knots and carefully processed to a special smoothness. The underframe was solved in different ways: in the form of plank sidewalls with a notch at the bottom, connected by a proleg; in the form of legs connected by two prongs or a circle; without a tsarga or with a tsarga; with one or two drawers. Sometimes the edges of the table board and the edges of massive legs, ending in carved interceptors in their lower part, were covered with carvings.

In addition to dining rooms, kitchen tables were made for cooking - supplies that were placed near the stove. Postavtsy were higher than dining tables, so that it was convenient to work behind them while standing, and had shelves with lockable doors and drawers at the bottom. Small tables were also common, on which there was a casket or a book, they had a more decorative solution.

CHESTS- obligatory affiliation of the hut. They kept clothes, canvases and other household utensils.

The chests were made large - up to 2 m long and small 50-60 cm (packing). Sometimes the chests were upholstered on all sides with short-haired animal skins (moose, deer). The chests were reinforced with metal parts, which also served as decorations.

A cut-out ornament was made in metal strips, clearly protruding against the background of a brightly colored (green or red) chest. The handles placed on the sides of the chest, the masks of locks and keys were intricately decorated. Locks were made with ringing, even with a melody and a cunning way of closing and master keys. The chests were also decorated with carvings and paintings inside, the most common theme was a floral pattern. Wedding chests were especially richly and brightly painted. Chests made of cedar wood were highly valued, the specific smell of which repels moths.

SHELVES. Shelves, fixed tightly to the wall, were widely used in the hut. Shelves adjoining the wall along the entire length were called pendulous (from the word hang), shelves resting only at the ends were called crows.

Vorontsy regiments divided the premises of the hut into independent parts. Shelves can also be attributed to the hanging flooring - floors, which were made above the front door; between stove and wall. Above the benches there was a shelf-top shelf, which was slightly higher than the windows. Such shelves were supported by curly-shaped brackets.

CABINETS-SUPPLIERS. Over time (XVIII-XIX centuries), cabinets of various sizes and types begin to appear in a peasant dwelling. Small cabinets are diverse in terms of decoration (carving, turning parts, profiles, painting). Patterns are geometric or vegetal in nature, more often a flowerpot. Sometimes there are images of genre scenes. Often through lockers were used in lockers, which was done to ventilate products.

The supply cabinets consisted of two parts: the lower one was equipped with shelves with lockable doors or drawers (two to five) and had a folding board, which was used as a table top. In the upper smaller part there were shelves closed with blind or glazed doors.

BEDS. For sleep, benches, benches, chests with a flat lid, built-in and mobile beds were used. The built-in bed was placed in the corner, tightly fastened to the walls on both sides and had one back. For infants, hanging cradles, cradles or cradles were intended, which were decorated with carvings, turning parts, painting, figured cutouts in boards.

The leading color scheme was golden ocher with the introduction of white and red. Golden-ocher tones are typical for the walls of the hut, wooden furniture, dishes, utensils. The towels on the icons were white, the red color sparkled in small spots in clothes, towels, in the plants on the windows, in the paintings of household utensils.

A modern version of the Russian house in the performance of the company "Russian House"

Hut-hut

The hut is one of the main symbols of Russia. Archaeologists believe that the first huts appeared in the second millennium BC. For many centuries, the architecture of the hut practically did not change, since it initially combined all the functions necessary for the Russian peasant - it provided a roof over their heads, warmth and a place to sleep. The hut was sung by poets and immortalized by artists, and for good reason. Over time, the hut was transformed into a log house-terem for wealthy families. Together with the surrounding buildings, the tower was a Russian estate. The traditions of building houses from a log house took shape over the centuries, and collapsed in just a few decades.

Collectivization, urbanization, the emergence of the latest materials... All this led to the fact that the Russian village became smaller, and in some places almost died. New "villages", the so-called "cottage villages", began to be built up with houses made of stone, glass, metal and plastic. Practical, effective, stylish, but the Russian spirit does not live there, and there is no smell of Russia . Not to mention the insufficient environmental friendliness of such buildings.

However, not so long ago, wooden construction in the Russian style experienced the first stage of a revival. This was reflected in the interiors as well. Country style today is generally at the peak of popularity. Someone prefers German country, someone prefers Scandinavian or American country style, someone likes it, but when it comes to a wooden country house or dacha, the choice is increasingly being made in favor of interiors in the style of a Russian village.

Coming from a metropolis to a dacha or a country house in the style of a Russian hut, a person feels unity with nature and a connection with his roots. This promotes maximum relaxation and a state of rest. In houses made of wood, the interior of which is simple and unpretentious, it is easy to breathe and sleep soundly. And after the rest, there is a desire to do things such as fishing, laying out a new flower bed in May or working in the garden in September - in a word, a surge of strength makes itself felt.

Russian interior style: where is it appropriate?

It can be recreated in full only in a wooden chopped house. The interior in the style of a Russian tower, a Russian estate is appropriate in any wooden house. In other cases, when we are talking, for example, about a brick house or apartment, we can only talk about styling, that is, about bringing into the interior some features inherent in the Russian hut or tower.

The interior of the Russian hut: what was it like?

Russian hut. Photo taken from Russian Wikipedia

The center of the hut was a stove, which was called queen of the house . It occupied a quarter or even a third of the area of the entire dwelling. At the corners of the furnace, stove pillars were placed to protect the "queen" from destruction. Beams under the ceiling rested on these pillars and on the walls. The beams, in modern terms, zoned the space, dividing the hut into the female half, male and red corners. On one of the beams they arranged a bed - a plank lounger, which was chosen by the children.

A woman was in charge in the oven corner. In this place there were numerous shelves with dishes and other utensils. Here, women not only cooked, but also spun, sewed and did other things. The owner spent more time in the men's corner - under the curtains.

The largest and most beautiful place in the hut, where they ate and met guests. Simply put, this is both a living room and a dining room, and often a bedroom. A red corner was arranged in the upper room diagonally from the stove. This is the part of the house where the icons were installed.

In general, the furnishings were sparse, but not without embellishments. Wide shelves were mounted above the window. Festive dishes, caskets, etc. were placed on them. The beds were complemented by carved backs. The bed was covered with bright patchwork bedspreads and decorated with many pillows laid in a pyramid. Chests with handles were almost always present in the interior.

Russian chest. 19th century

In the towers, the furnishings were more varied, but on the whole the same principle was preserved: a large hearth, a red corner, the same chests, beds with many pillows, mounds of dishes, shelves for displaying various decorative items. Of course, there was a lot of wood in the towers: these were walls, floors, and furniture. Russian country style and Russian hut style in particular - it's a tree, a lot of wood and almost nothing but a tree!

How to create the style of a Russian hut or a Russian estate in the interior of your home?

1. Choice of direction

Some changes gradually took place in the interiors of Russian huts and towers, so first you need to decide which era you would like to recreate the style of. Will it be a stylization of an old Russian hut or a hut of the first half of the last century, in which many innovations appeared? Or maybe you like the more elegant furnishings of old Russian towers or wooden landlord houses of the 18th-19th centuries, when features of other styles - classicism, baroque, modernism - were introduced into the rustic style? The choice of direction will allow you to choose the right pieces of furniture, textiles and decor.

Upper room of an old Russian house of the 16th-18th centuries. A. M. Vasnetsov

And this is the end of the 19th century. The world of the Russian estate in the painting of S. Zhukovsky

2. Creating the style of a Russian hut

Main. Wooden walls are best left unfinished. A massive board is suitable for the floor - matte, possibly with the effect of aging. Under the ceiling are dark beams. You can do without a stove, but the hearth is still necessary. Its role can be played by a fireplace, the portal of which is lined with tiles or stone.

Doors, windows. Plastic double-glazed windows will be completely inappropriate here. Windows with wooden frames should be complemented with carved platbands and wooden shutters. Doors should also be wooden. As platbands for doorways, you can use boards that are uneven and deliberately roughly processed. In some places, instead of doors, you can hang curtains.

Furniture. Furniture, of course, is preferably wooden, not polished, but possibly aged. Cabinets, slides and numerous shelves can be decorated with carvings. In the dining area, you can arrange a red corner with a shrine, a massive, very heavy table and benches. The use of chairs is also possible, but they should be simple and solid.

One cannot do without sofas in a modern interior, although, of course, there were none in the huts. Choose simple shapes with linen upholstery. Upholstery color - natural natural. Leather furniture will stand out from the overall picture.

Stylization as an interior of the 18th century in the hut of the Pokrovskaya hotel in Suzdal

Textile. As already mentioned, it is worth giving preference to bedspreads and pillow covers made in patchwork technique. There can be quite a lot of textile products: napkins on cabinets and small tables, tablecloths, curtains, borders for shelves. All this can be decorated with embroidery and simple lace.

By the way, you can’t spoil the interior of the hut with embroidery - women in Russia have always loved to do this type of needlework. Embroidered panels on the walls, embroidered curtains, embroidered bags of herbs and spices hanging from the kitchen beam - all this will be in place. The main colors of textiles in the style of a Russian hut are white, yellow and red.

Lighting. For an interior in the style of a Russian hut, choose in the form of candles and lamps. By the way, there will be lamps with simple lampshades. Although lampshades and sconces are more suitable for a house, the interior of which is stylized as a Russian estate.

Kitchen. It is impossible to do without household appliances in a modern hut, but technical design can ruin the integrity of the picture. Fortunately, there is a built-in technique that helps with the housework, but does not violate the harmony of the Russian style.

Massive furniture is suitable for the kitchen: a kitchen table with drawers, open and closed sideboards, various hanging shelves. Furniture, of course, should not be polished or painted. Kitchen structures with facades finished with glossy enamel or film, glass inserts, aluminum frames, etc. will be completely inappropriate.

Designer: Oleg Drobnov

In general, in the interior in the style of a Russian hut there should be as little glass and metal as possible. Plastic here is like an eyesore. Choose furniture with simple wooden fronts or realistic imitation of rough wood. Solid wood facades can be decorated with Russian folk style paintings or carvings.

As a decor for the kitchen use a samovar, wicker baskets and boxes, onion braids, barrels, earthenware, wooden products of Russian folk crafts, embroidered napkins.

Interior decor in the style of a Russian hut. Decorative linen textiles with embroidery, many wooden items. A wooden wheel, a spinning wheel and fishing nets will fit perfectly if the house is located near a river, lake or sea. Knitted round rugs and self-woven paths can be laid on the floor.

3. Creating the style of an old wooden manor

A simple peasant hut and a rich old manor have much in common: this is the predominance of wood in the interior, and the presence of a huge stove (in the estate it is always lined with tiles), and a red corner with icons and candles, and linen and lace textiles.

House in Russian style. Designer: Olga Derevleva

However, there were also numerous differences. The rich actively borrowed something new from foreign styles. These are, for example, bright upholstery of upholstered furniture, porcelain plates and clocks on the walls, elegant wooden furniture in the English or French style, lampshades and sconces, paintings on the walls. In the interior in the style of a Russian tower, stained-glass windows will be very useful as interior windows, partitions or veranda glazing. In a word, everything is quite simple here, as in a hut, but there is a slight touch of luxury.

In the style of a Russian estate

4. Yard in Russian style

And the interior itself, and the windows in it, and the “outside the window” space should be in harmony. To protect the territory, it is better to order a fence about 180 cm high, assembled from pointed logs.

How is a Russian-style courtyard created now? It is unequivocally impossible to answer, since in Russia the court was organized in different ways, depending on the area. However, designers have found common features that are recreated in landscape design. A path (often winding) is laid from the gate to the entrance to the house. Often it is covered with a board. Along the edges of the path is a flower border. In the old days, peasants set aside any free plot of land for beds, but they still tried to decorate the front yard with flower beds.

Now lawn grasses are used for the backyard of the hut. This area is shaded with pine trees planted around the perimeter. However, currant or raspberry bushes will also be very in the spirit of the Russian court. Elements of landscape design in the Russian style are various wooden objects: a wooden children's slide, a stationary table with benches, Russian swings. And, of course, all buildings in the yard should be made of wood.

Interior in the style of a Russian hut or estate: ideas from designers

1. About the mirror. Mirrors are an alien object for an old Russian house. However, it is difficult to imagine a modern house without a single reflective canvas. Choose antique effect mirrors with bulky wooden frames. The mirror can be disguised as false thanks to wooden shutters. A carved frame with the same wooden shutters can also be used to disguise a flat-screen TV.

2. Styling idea for the bedroom. An interesting solution for bedrooms or children's rooms: stylization as a cozy rustic courtyard. Walls 1-1.5 meters from the floor are sheathed with an unpainted board imitating a fence. Floral ornaments are also used: butterflies flutter and birds fly on the wall above the fence. Another wall of the room may be an imitation of the outer wall of a wooden house with a window decorated with lace trim and wooden shutters. At the same time, the ceiling can be decorated with a painting, which is an image of the sky. A bench, a hammock, barrels instead of bedside tables - and you will feel like sleeping in a village courtyard.

3. Household appliances in the interior of a Russian hut. In the kitchen, as already mentioned, it is desirable to build in all household appliances. But some items can not be hidden, but, on the contrary, can be made an interior highlight. Technics " airbrushing"It is used not only for painting cars, but also for decorating the housing of household appliances. For example, you can order a painting of a refrigerator in the Russian style - in this case, a modern object not only does not break out of the style of a Russian hut, but also emphasizes it.