Installation of ventilated porcelain stoneware facades. Facade porcelain stoneware suitable for the “ventilated facade” technology. Some features of ventilated facades

Any structure eventually collapses and deteriorates under the influence of water and temperature. Cracks appear in the material, which expand and lead to destruction. To prevent such a process, special protective measures, which allow to reduce the impact on the walls of the structure. A ventilated porcelain stoneware façade is one such measure.

Porcelain stoneware is second only to diamond in terms of hardness. It is wear resistant and high strength. For the manufacture of this material, quartz sand, several types of clay, feldspar, dyes and mineral additives are mixed.

There are several types of ceramic granite:

• polished - has a shiny surface. This effect is achieved with an even cut;
• matte - has a raw look and similarity to natural stone;
• semi-polished - characterized by alternating polished and unfinished areas.

In addition, porcelain stoneware differs in patterns on the plates and in color. Due to its diversity, this material is considered one of the best.

Pros and cons of finishing

The task of finishing the facade is to protect the walls from destruction. To do this, an additional layer is created, which is the first to receive external influence. Porcelain stoneware ventilation facade has certain advantages:

• resistance to external factors;
• aesthetic look. The building acquires a stylish and solid appearance;
• variety of decor. An extensive range of colors provides an opportunity to implement any author's project, combining shades and different size tiles;
• ease of installation allows, if necessary, to partially replace the tile or completely change the design and style;
• Fire safety;
• soundproofing properties;
• environmental friendliness;
• long service life;
• high maintainability;
• resistance to static and dynamic loads;
• the possibility of installation at any temperature;
• eco-friendly material.

The disadvantages include: significant weight and high total installation costs due to the large weight.

The ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware creates an air channel in the wall that works like an extractor hood - removes excess moisture from under the skin and protects the walls from its influence. The main elements of a ventilated facade include:

Porcelain tile fastening can be visible and invisible. For the first case, special clamps are used. Hidden fastening is produced in several ways:

• glue the sheathing on the profile for porcelain stoneware;
• fasten with pins;
• fastening with retention at the ends by the slots.

Preparatory stage

When erecting a ventilated facade, it is necessary to perform preparatory work in a certain order. This is stated in the requirements for the organization. construction industry sanitary and epidemiological service. Preparatory stage includes the following:

• border designation construction works along the entire perimeter of the building at a distance of three meters from the wall;
• placement on the site of all necessary for finishing works tools;
• organization of a place for work related to installation and assembly frame structure.

This order is relevant for facing multi-storey buildings, but they must be adhered to when arranging the facade one-story houses. This will serve as a guarantee of safety in case of force majeure situations.

Wall marking work

Before proceeding with the construction of the frame structure on the wall, it is necessary to carry out accurate markup in places where the load-bearing and support mounting brackets will be mounted. A ventilated system will be fixed on them. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to the design and technical documentation.

For marking, first, lighthouse lines are outlined: along the edges of the wall, two vertical lines and one horizontal line along the lower edge of the facade. Then, along the drawn lines, paint all the points in the places of the intended installation of the bearing and supporting brackets-fasteners vertically on the last lines.

To calculate extreme points on the lower horizontal line, you should use a level. Having drawn them with paint, intermediate ones are marked at the same distance from each other. To do this, use a measuring tape, water or laser level.

Forming strict vertical lines, you can use a plumb line. To do this, it is lowered from the parapet of the house and the horizontal is marked.

The brackets are fixed in accordance with the installation instructions for ventilated facades. Holes are drilled in the wall of the house with a perforator. Paronite gaskets are installed in them. The installation of carrier-type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowels-anchors.

The next step is laying heat-insulating material. To do this, you must perform the following manipulations:

If you want to thermal insulation material mount in two layers, you need to do it like this:

• with the help of dowels-plates, the lower layer of insulation is attached to the wall. Each layer of insulation is fixed with two dowels;
• upper layer mounted in a checkerboard pattern.

Installation of guide profiles

At this stage of work, the vertical profiles are connected to the supporting bracket. For this you need to install metal profiles, fix them in the corresponding grooves of the support fasteners and fix the metal guides with rivets to the bearing brackets.

In support brackets that can be adjusted, the profiles are installed without tightening in a free manner. This prevents the profile from deforming under the influence of sudden temperature changes.

At the junction of adjacent guides vertically make a small gap (7-10mm). This also helps to avoid deformation of the guides. At this stage, in addition, it is desirable to fix cutoffs. They are essential for fire prevention.

The construction of a hinged ventilated facade is a rather complicated process. But, if you approach the matter with full responsibility and carry out work, adhering to project documentation, you can achieve excellent results without the help of professional builders-finishers.

Facade decoration facing material is an integral part of the construction of any home. The purpose of finishing the facade of the building is to protect the structure of the walls from the effects of nature.

Even walls made of the most durable materials, such as concrete, brick or stone, require additional external protection.

The most popular means for protecting buildings from natural influences nature was the installation of porcelain tiles. This technology is gaining its popularity from year to year, thereby becoming more and more accessible. Among other things, this facade decoration looks very modern and stylish.

Installation of porcelain stoneware on the facade of the house, first of all, requires special care and patience, since the process cannot be called simple.

The most important quality of this technology is the ability to create a ventilated facade, which protects the structure from moisture and condensation.

This design has gained particular popularity over the past 8-10 years. During this time, the owners of private houses have already seen how important a ventilated facade is.

In addition, the facade decoration with porcelain stoneware is very effective due to operational qualities the material itself. By their own technological qualities he even surpasses a natural stone.

Characteristics of porcelain stoneware as a material

Porcelain stoneware is a very modern and high-quality material that has increased strength and resistance to any temperature.

Due to its low water absorption properties, the material is not affected by water and moisture. It also has the following important properties:

1. Resistant to harsh weather conditions.
2. Monolithic - means that the structure is solid, without cracks.
3. High environmental friendliness of the material.
4. Increased resistance to various types wear.
5. High strength and hardness - this allows the material to withstand almost all mechanical stress.
6. Fire resistance.

Thus, you can safely mount porcelain tiles on the facade.

The advantages of finishing the facade with porcelain stoneware

Installing porcelain stoneware on the facade of the house involves the creation of a ventilated structure, which, in turn, has many advantages.

Air circulation and ease of repair

By fixing porcelain stoneware, a free space is formed in which natural circulation air. This will “dry” the surface of the walls and cladding, which prevents the development of various bacteria (mold, fungus). Due to this, the duration of the operational period of the building increases.

In the event of breakdowns, or if the user is tired of the colors, the design device allows you to easily dismantle the old coating and install a new one. At the same time, the structure of the building itself does not need to be touched, since the installation of the porcelain stoneware facade is carried out on the crate.

Possibility of isolation

Free space between facing coating and the building itself allows you to install heat, sound and vapor barrier. This will further enhance the technological properties of the building.

Due to the installation of a facade made of porcelain stoneware, it is possible to reliably protect the building structure from winds, precipitation and other external influences.

Similar air layer also allows you to create a special microclimate inside the house, since such a coating creates a kind of "thermos". Thus, the house will always have an excellent temperature regime.

Beautiful appearance and the ability to do everything yourself

Aesthetics and style of the appearance of the building. The surface of porcelain stoneware is completely smooth, due to this, dust and dirt practically do not stick to it. Such a coating requires minimal maintenance, as it can be washed with water without fear of damage to the coating.

Wide range of colors. Today there is a large number of shades, so that everyone can choose the right option for themselves.

Possibility self-assembly. Due to the fact that the design is simple, it is possible to independently install such a coating.

Materials and tools for do-it-yourself work

1. Brackets.
2. Main vertical profile.
3. Horizontal profile.
4. Anchor fasteners.
5. Insulation.
6. Waterproofing.
7. Special windproof membrane which protects the device design.
8. Clamps.
9. Paronite gasket.

As for the design of the facade cladding with ceramic granite, it looks like this:

• bearing profile;
• installed layer of insulation;
• mounting brackets;
• insulation fixing;
• porcelain stoneware itself.

There must be a small gap between the insulation and the facing coating.

Porcelain stoneware facade: types of fasteners

In total, there are 2 types of porcelain stoneware fastening: visible and invisible. The difference, as you might guess from the name, is quite simple: with a visible fastening system, the elements of the fastening system protrude beyond the cladding.

In this case, the frame is made of metal and is a T-shaped profile, on which, with the help of self-tapping screws, cladding panels. In addition, it is possible to mount on clamps, rivets or clips. After finishing work fasteners are painted in the color of porcelain stoneware.

However, invisible fasteners are most often used, as this allows the structure to be monolithic. Exist various ways mounts:

1. Adhesive fastening - the boards are simply glued to the supporting profiles.
2. Hidden mechanical fastening - holes are pre-drilled in the plates for fastening to anchor dowels.
3. Mounting on profiles - cuts are made at the ends of the plates.
4. Pin fastening is a method in which pins are used instead of dowels.
5. Combined fastening is the strongest connection, the technology of which is both an adhesive and a mechanical basis. All boards are glued to the profiles and fixed with mechanical fasteners.

Installation work: instructions

preparatory processes. In fact, you can start the installation of the coating without preliminary work, namely the alignment of the walls, the removal of roughness and other defects.

This is due to the fact that a crate is created, which forms a free space of 5-7 cm. This distance is enough to hide even the largest irregularities.

Project creation and markup

Next, the walls are marked according to the developed project, guide beacons and profiles are installed. Brackets are mounted, the vertical step should not be more than 80 cm, and horizontally - the sum of the width of the plate and the mounting seam.

thermal insulation

A very important process that allows you to significantly save money on heating your home. For these purposes it is necessary to use insulation boards, which are attached to the wall using special fasteners.

It should be noted here that the insulation must fit very tightly against the wall. Most often, the insulation layer is attached with dowels or screws with a wide cap. As for the distance between the insulation and the future coating, it should be about 50 mm.

Support profile fastening

To do this, you need to use a plumb line, while controlling the distance between them. Most often, self-tapping screws for metal with a special press washer are used to fasten the profile.

Cladding panels. To pre-installed profiles, the fastening of porcelain stoneware panels to the clamps begins. Here you can use other methods of fastening, which were described earlier.

On this installation work are running out. For quality and, above all, correct installation you need to follow a clear sequence of work. Otherwise, defects and defects in the finish may occur.

The appearance is due to the fact that there was an urgent need to somehow remove and remove moisture from external walls buildings.

The fact is that moisture has a negative effect even on fairly durable materials - under its influence, biological pests are formed, activated chemical reactions oxidation, etc.

The installation of ventilated facades completely solves all such problems - the technology works due to the formation of an air layer between the facing material and the wall. Since such air has a different pressure than the air outside, a natural circulation occurs, which removes moisture by its action and prevents stagnation of gases.

Design and features of ventilated systems

Installation of hinged ventilated facades implies the consistent creation of a multi-layer structure, which we will consider below:

• load-bearing walls of the building - all the upper layers will rest on them - this fact alone gives rise to the need to know in advance whether the facade will withstand the entire load. The survey will include identifying all deviations from verticals and horizontals, identifying the need for additional reinforcement, identifying the degree of wear of wall components, etc.;



bracket L-shaped for installation of railing guides

• under the facing "pie" - provides fastening not only of the lining, but also of other important layers, such as, for example, insulation. The entire system is installed so that there is an air gap between the panels and the load-bearing walls. Typically, this "pie" includes the ingredients listed below;
• brackets attached to the wall with dowels and anchors. The elimination of small gaps is ensured by installing special gaskets between the wall and fasteners. Such gaskets are made of plastic or paronite;
• load-bearing profiles made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal. It is preferable to use metallic structures such as alloy steel, aluminum and similar corrosion resistant metals and alloys. According to the method of fastening, profiles are horizontal, vertical or combined. If the first two have some drawbacks, then the combination of methods leads to their elimination;



Mounting clamp of open type for installation of porcelain stoneware

• special fasteners, such as sealing materials and additional elements that are included with the facade panels, and play the role of decorative inserts and bases for fixing the main cladding. For some types of cladding, it is mandatory to use metal structures Perforated for extra ventilation
• insulating materials - represent several layers, the main of which is a heat insulator. Optionally, and depending on the type of insulation, hydro and sound insulation can also be installed. The cladding panels themselves usually have all the insulating properties, however, additional layers are still installed in order to double the insulating performance;
• vapor-permeable film - additionally protects the thermal insulation from moisture. Unlike waterproofing, it does not prevent the penetration of moisture, but simply prevents its occurrence. If moisture nevertheless appears, then such a film contributes to its rapid evaporation to the outside. Such a material can be applied to the heat insulator already at the factory, but such a product will cost more.



As thermal insulation, for private buildings, it is recommended to use mineral wool

• facing panels or tiles - protect all of the above components from atmospheric and other external influences. It also plays a decorative role, often forming the main aesthetic appearance of the building.
• a layer of air between the panels and the wall - we have already mentioned it, it provides moisture to the outside, and also provides additional thermal insulation.

Preparatory measures before the installation of the cladding

The installation technology of a ventilated facade involves serial installation all of the above elements. However, before the main installation work, you need to carry out a number of preparatory work.

Since the profile for ventilated facades must be installed on a relatively flat surface, the first step is to level the surface of the walls.

To do this, the surface of the walls is cleaned of paint, peeling plaster, putty and other similar materials. Delaminations are cleaned in such a way that the installation of brackets does not lead to delamination of wall fragments.

The evenness of the facade subsystem is ensured by leveling the deviations from the level with the help of putty. So the entire structure installed on top will not warp. In addition, the heat insulator will fit snugly against the wall, which is extremely important.

For the arrangement of the crate and the installation of porcelain stoneware, the following elements may be needed

Before leveling, all traces of biological pests such as beetles, mold, fungi, etc. are removed. After that, the facade is treated with special antifungal and insecticidal impregnations.

Thus, when planning your expenses, you need to take into account not only the cost of materials that will be placed on the facade, but also a variety of related materials for preparation, be it putty or various impregnations.

Further, the installation of ventilated facades involves marking for future brackets. For this you can use building level, but many professionals recommend using a plumb line - the vertical is determined more accurately with its help.

By sketching vertical lines, taking into account the size facade panels draw a horizontal line. This concludes the preparatory activities.

Fasteners and insulation

Installation of brackets for facades in accordance with the markup is carried out as follows:

• holes are drilled with a perforator;
• a plastic or paronite gasket is placed under each bracket;
• after the bracket is installed in the right place, it is fixed with an anchor (the screw is pressed with a screwdriver);

Installation of insulation is carried out on top of the brackets

The insulation of the ventilated facade is mounted next to the brackets:

• heat insulator plates are hung on the wall, for which slots for brackets are used;
• each insulation plate is attached to two dish-shaped dowels;
• a special film is hung over the insulation, which has waterproof and windproof properties (each next strip should overlap, closing the previous one by 10 cm);
• right through this film, the insulation is attached at the rate of three more dowels for each plate.

Features of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding

General scheme for the arrangement of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding

The device of the porcelain stoneware facade assumes some of its own features, due to the mass of the facing material.

Yes, in this case it is advisable to use . If the requirements for the material are not so strict (unless it must be a corrosion-resistant metal), then the frame installation method should include both building uprights, and the installation of horizontal crossbars.

Vertical elements are mounted on brackets, horizontal - on special racks.

Otherwise, the installation of a porcelain stoneware facade is practically no different from the installation of any other hinged facade. The only point concerns the fact that fasteners for heavy ventilated structures can be installed more often, and the frame pitch can also be made narrower.

This measure saves hinged panels from harsh climatic conditions, be it strong winds or even an unfavorable environment in terms of seismic activity.

Technology of installation and installation of cladding

Having completed all the preparatory work on cleaning and leveling the surface, you can proceed with the installation of a ventilated facade - we will consider the further installation technology in more detail. Facade mounting technology involves the installation of guides.

Installation of the crate is carried out in strict sequence

So, fastening vertical profiles includes the following steps:

1. Fastening profiles to load-bearing elements using rivets. It is not necessary to put rivets on the regulating brackets - this is done to compensate for micro-movements resulting from the action of temperatures;
2. To compensate for temperature deformations, one more detail is made: gaps from 0.8 to 1 cm are left at the vertical joints of the profiles.
3. Fire breakers are being installed.

Now everything is ready to install the cladding itself directly. Please note that the complete installation process of facades is described in the instructions - some points differ from material to material.

In any case, long panels or rectangular slabs will be attached to the frame with self-tapping screws or cleats.

Installation of porcelain stoneware on pre-mounted clamps

We describe the process for the installation of porcelain stoneware cladding:

1. Holes are being marked for the installation of clamps.
2. In accordance with the markup, holes are made with an electric drill. The diameter is chosen to be 0.2 mm larger diameter rivets.
3. Clamps are installed, which are then fixed with rivets. At the same stage, porcelain stoneware itself is placed. Self-tapping screws are used to fasten the tiles to the frame.

If you want to know in more detail how the installation of ventilated facades is done - the video shows all the incomprehensible moments. It should be noted that self-installation should be carried out only after a thorough study of the installation technology of the purchased cladding.

It is difficult to come up with a material that could replace porcelain stoneware for the facade.

Porcelain tiles began to be used everywhere: from cladding the facades of private houses to cladding of elite shopping and entertainment complexes.

She is looks aesthetically pleasing, expensive and modern.

But the price spread for different types facade porcelain tiles will surprise you. Porcelain stoneware has changed, and now few people use its standard dimensions of 600 * 600mm.

Now its new colleague entered the market - thin wide-format porcelain stoneware. Or they use the usual one, but with dimensions of 1200 * 600mm or meter per meter.

Porcelain slabs for facades can be fixed without visible products on the facade - this makes it an elite material, puts it on a par with natural granite.

Ventilated façade system made of thin porcelain stoneware gave new round fame and popularity in the facade market of the country to the material already familiar to us.

Porcelain stoneware slabs are hard, strong, but brittle. For the installation of a hinged ventilated facade, everyone strives to use materials that exceed the parameters of porcelain stoneware in terms of strength.

After all, the facade is not only on top, but first floor and entry group subjected to more severe exploitation. Often it is necessary to replace a broken facade slab.

Porcelain stoneware for curtain facades can be used in all climatic regions of Russia. Because it has 100 freeze/freeze cycles.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are many advantages, but there are also disadvantages to the porcelain stoneware facade. The benefits for each person are individual. For some, expensive is good, but for others it is bad.

To the undoubted advantages of this ceramic tiles can be attributed:

1. Increased abrasion resistance and durability. Thanks to a specially developed production technology, it is practically not subject to abrasion. Even significant physical effort does not hurt surface layer and structure.
2. Not combustibility. It can be used in schools, kindergartens and hospitals.
3. It is possible to make slopes on ventilated facades from facade porcelain stoneware. At the same time, fire protection cuts will remain behind the facing on the slopes.
4. Aesthetics. It not only protects the task from the outside, but also serves as its decoration. Wide color palette, a variety of textures allow the implementation of any design idea.
5. Ease of installation - achieved by dimensional accuracy and a specially treated surface.
6. Simple care.
7. The relatively low price of porcelain stoneware for the facade compared to the use of other finishing building materials.

Types of facing porcelain stoneware

Facing porcelain stoneware differs not only in the size of the tiles, but, most importantly, in the thickness of the tiles.

The slab on the facade can be super thin - only three millimeters.

At the same time, thin porcelain stoneware is also wide-format, it can reach a length of three meters. Why doesn't it break? adhesive method mounts.

We will analyze the features of each type of facade porcelain stoneware separately.

Standard facade porcelain tile 600*600mm

The standard facade includes porcelain stoneware of any size, but at least ten millimeters thick, as we have already decided earlier. This is the most common type.

It is excellent for cladding buildings with ceramic garnet of the most for various purposes: from schools to city administrations.

Size and dimensions

Porcelain stoneware with a standard thickness of 10 - 12 mm, can have dimensions of 600 * 600mm, 1200 * 600mm, 300 * 600mm.

And facade porcelain tiles can be both vertically and horizontally oriented on the building.

Colors and surfaces

Porcelain stoneware surfaces come in different textures:

1. Matte coating. In fact, these are plates without additional processing, so they are the cheapest.
2. Polished plates. These are polished slabs, but they still have some surface roughness.
3. Polished slabs. Such plates are first sanded and then polished.

Polished slabs reflect better than others sunlight, therefore most suitable for facades in hot climates.

The color of creamogranite can be quite varied. Permissible colors are indicated in the manufacturers' catalogs. But, the richer and brighter color the more expensive it is. For example, blue and red are the most expensive shades of porcelain stoneware.

A pattern in the form of a stone or a tree can be applied to both polished and polished tiles. Such porcelain stoneware will cost more.

Styling options

The layout of porcelain stoneware may surprise you with options:

1. You can arrange rectangular porcelain tiles vertically.
2. Can be combined different variants sizes of porcelain stoneware on the facade.
3. You can play with flowers.

A multi-planar porcelain stoneware facade is not recommended. It is difficult to install and looks angular at the transitions.

Mounting methods

A ventilated facade made of thin porcelain stoneware can be created in both visible and hidden ways. The ventilated facade schemes are described in more detail in. Here we briefly outline the essence of each technology.

The visible method of fastening involves the use of a clamp.

The clamp is a stainless steel element of the system that fastens the tiles at four corners. Klammer is painted in the color of porcelain stoneware. This option is considered suitable for inexpensive finishes with ventilated porcelain stoneware.

Hidden way Porcelain tile fasteners are of two types:

• with a bolt concealed fastening Keil;
• using a clamp with fastening in end holes porcelain stoneware.

Hidden fastening allows you to hide from the eyes of the mechanical fastening from the surface of the facade. Such a facade is considered elite. And it can compete in external properties with natural granite.

The hidden fastening method is shown in detail in the video, the only thing is that the cladding in the video is natural stone. But Porcelain tile is fastened to the ventilated facade in a hidden way using this technology, using the Keil bolt.

Main manufacturers

Porcelain stoneware is produced all over the world. In Russia, the following are considered popular:

• Italian tile Estima;
• Italian tile Kerama Marazzi;
• Russian porcelain tile "Ural granite";
• More cheap option Russian production- "Shakhtinsky"
• Chinese “Foshan Ceramics”, etc.

Stamps Chinese manufacturers not well known, but they are on the market.

An important parameter of a porcelain stoneware slab for a facade is its geometry. In inexpensive analogues of the plate, the geometry is often broken.

Price

“Salt / Pepper” - the cheapest porcelain stoneware

The cost is directly proportional to the popularity of brands. Italian manufacturers are more expensive than Russian ones. Russian ones are more expensive than Chinese ones.

Among other things, the price changes when choosing more juicy shades of the plate.

Blue and red are considered the most expensive colors.

From the degree of processing of porcelain stoneware, its price changes.

Polished is the most expensive, polished is cheaper, matte is the most cost-effective.

Cremogranite "salt / pepper" - interspersed, is the cheapest - from 450 rubles / m2.

The cost of elite porcelain stoneware can reach up to 2000 rubles / m2.

Slim large-format porcelain tile

So we come to the most interesting - the novelties of the facade market. Thin porcelain stoneware is called so because its thickness is much less than the standard one.

It . Applied in a visible and hidden way.

Characteristics

Thin porcelain stoneware is made using a similar technology to conventional porcelain stoneware. Clay, feldspar, dyes and stone chips are kneaded.

But unlike ordinary porcelain stoneware, thin is made by rolling.

Colors and surfaces

Each manufacturer has its own collections of colors and shades. Usually, there are catalogs with flowers different shades, is called "monocolor". Also colors for wood and stone. Design surfaces differ from the rest.

Surfaces, by analogy with ordinary porcelain stoneware, can be glossy, matte, rough.

Thickness

The opportunity to reduce the thickness of porcelain stoneware to such an extent appeared due to the technology of soldering a special building fabric on its reverse side.

The building canvas allows the thin porcelain stoneware slab to be flexible. That's why thin porcelain stoneware has a small radius, i.e. can be bent along the radius.

Mounting methods

Depending on the thickness, a special bar is selected for attaching it to the curtain wall structure. But in addition to the plank, the porcelain stoneware panel will also hold glue on the back.

Glue is applied to special elements, let's call them agraphs. Agraphs are a hook. Those. these are some hooks on the back of the cladding, which are hung on the horizontal profile of the system.

Adhesive fastening provides additional support, in addition to the plank, for thin porcelain tiles.

There is a hidden way to fix a thin porcelain stoneware panel, without visible fastening on the surface of the façade. The hidden method involves assembling a cassette from aluminum profiles , then a thin porcelain stoneware is glued onto the assembled frame. The frame has hooks - ikli.

The method is very similar to . The cassette is hung on the carriage, fixed in the profile, with the help of ikli. Thus, no visible fastening remains on the outer surface.

Main manufacturers

Thin porcelain tiles for ventilated facades are produced by the same Italians. They love porcelain, apparently. This is, for example, the Graniti Fiandre brand.

In general, all brands of thin porcelain stoneware are represented in Russia by the Bars company. These are Graniti Fiandre, and Kerlit, and Laminam, and Archskin.

Price

When thin porcelain stoneware for ventilated facades first appeared on the market, its cost was in euros. In terms of rubles, the price tag was cosmic - from 10,000 rubles / m2.

But time goes by now porcelain stoneware can be bought at a price of 2500 rubles / m2.

Porcelain stoneware for the facade is a fire, frost and weather resistant material that does not fade over time. The thickness of the plates can be from 8 to 12 mm. The most popular sizes are 600x600 mm and 600x300 mm. Unlike laying on the floor or walls, facade porcelain tiles are attached without glue to the frame. This technology is called a ventilated facade. It is durable (up to 50 years), can be installed at any time of the year and allows you to install external wall insulation.

A hinged ventilated porcelain stoneware facade is installed on multi-storey new buildings, shopping centers and low-rise buildings.

According to the new standards for thermal insulation of buildings (SNiP 23-02-2003), the construction of thick walls made of concrete or brick has become unprofitable due to their high thermal conductivity. Therefore, now the walls of new houses are made thin, but insulated efficient materials: mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam.

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Ventilated facade technology

Let's start with a little theory.

The diagram shows a standard ventilated facade pie. Its main elements are:

1. Bearing wall;
2. thermal insulation layer;
3. Wind protection. With it, the end surfaces must be protected from longitudinal air filtration (longitudinal air flows that cool the wall). But the main place of heat leakage can be a place where the insulation does not fit snugly against the wall. The wind will fall immediately under the insulation and cool the wall. Therefore, you need to carefully fasten each sheet of thermal insulation to the wall on dowels-umbrellas, and you need to do this on flat wall. At mineral wool here an advantage over styrofoam, it can bypass small ledges on the wall, and fit more snugly. A gap of 0.5 cm under the insulation reduces the thermal protection of the wall by 60%.
4. Brackets for fastening the outer cladding;
5. Facing - protects thermal insulation from climatic influences (rain, wind, snow and sun rays), and also creates the architectural appearance of the building. It can be facade porcelain tile, fiber cement panel, composite panel, metal cassettes made of galvanized steel or aluminum sheets. There must be a gap under the cladding for ventilation and removal of moisture from the wall.

At small size gap on inside cladding, condensation may form, and if the mineral wool becomes wet, it will lose its characteristics.

To understand how a ventilated facade works, imagine that the air temperature is -20 degrees outside, and +20 degrees inside the house. Due to the temperature difference, a heat flow is formed, which is directed from the heated point of the wall to the cold one (that is, towards the street). Passing through the wall, the heat flow heats the materials in varying degrees. The closer to the outer surface, the lower the temperature of the material. If the ventilated facade has been designed correctly, the temperature on the outer surface of the thermal insulation will be 1-3 degrees warmer than the air temperature outside.

Cold outdoor air, in contact with the surface of the insulation, heats up and rises. This creates a continuous air flow under the lining with a speed of 0.5 m/s. The influx of new air under the lining occurs due to the gaps between the porcelain stoneware and the bottom of the structure. Air escapes through the top slots.

The brackets are also involved in the heat exchange process. The more heat passes through them, the thicker the layer of thermal insulation is needed to compensate for these losses. In practice, from 10 to 50% of heat is lost through the brackets. This means that the thermal insulation layer must be increased by 10-50%.

In summer, on the contrary, at an air temperature of +10 degrees, the surface of the cladding can heat up to +40 in the sun. Due to the ventilated layer, the outer surface of the thermal insulation will have a temperature of about 14 degrees. Therefore, this technology will provide warmth in winter and coolness in summer.

For more information about the basics of thermophysics and the rules for installing thermal insulation, see the training video from Ursa:

When installing thermal insulation, great attention should be paid to the junction of the insulation to window frame. If the junction of the window unit and the wall is covered with thermal insulation, the temperature on the inner surface of the frame and the slope will always be higher than the condensation temperature. If the joint remains open, condensation may form. This will be especially noticeable on plastic and aluminum windows.

Mounting

Installing brackets

Mounting facade system starts with markup. On the load-bearing wall, you need to determine the places for the installation of brackets. They should be located in increments equal to the size of porcelain stoneware. The most convenient way to make markings is with a rotary laser level.

The brackets are attached to the wall with anchors in pre-drilled holes. The drill must be calibrated to obtain accurate anchor holes in depth and diameter.

The brackets will take the entire load of the hinged facade, so the durability and safety of the structure depends on their choice. They must have a service life of at least that of the facade system, provide good bearing capacity, have corrosion resistance. Since this is a vulnerable area in thermal insulation (the so-called cold bridge), its cross-sectional area should be minimal. The design of the bracket should allow you to adjust the position of the outer plane of the facade relative to bearing wall without trimming or extension operations. Alloy steel brackets are best suited for these cases.

thermal insulation

The walls are "wrapped" in a layer of thermal insulation: mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. The insulation must be fixed tightly to the wall and without gaps. mineral mat you need to cut exactly in place so that no bumps are created at the edges.

Each sheet of insulation must be secured to at least 5 umbrellas (4 at the edges and 1 in the center). In tall buildings, the number of attachment points increases.

Each new row of insulation is mounted offset relative to the previous one by half the length. If the insulation is done in several layers, they are also fixed with an offset so that the joints do not intersect.

For fastening to the wall, dowels-umbrellas are used. There are 2 ways to install them: traditional with drilling and driving dowels, as well as a modern method of installation using a gunpowder tool. Modern way 2 times faster in speed, but only suitable for professional installers and allows installation only on high-strength walls.

To protect against wind loads, it is recommended to install a protective fiberglass mesh at the corners of the facade. It is also attached to umbrellas simultaneously with the installation of thermal insulation.

It is unacceptable to insulate the corner by bending the insulation on it, or fix it with a wire

Facing

Using a rotary level, all brackets are aligned in one plane. At the same time, you must leave ventilation gap under the lining 3-5 cm.

The guides are attached to the brackets with rivets or screws.

The edge of the porcelain stoneware must be in the middle of the guide profile. For fastening to the frame, a porcelain tile clamp is used. Starting and ordinary clamps are attached to the frame with rivets.

The gaps between porcelain stoneware should be uniform, about 4-5 mm.

Pay special attention to the contact compatibility of frame materials and fasteners. For example, you can not combine steel with aluminum, because corrosion will quickly occur at the points of their contact.

Summing up

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facades are good way update appearance old and new buildings and make them warmer. But improper installation can not only have no effect in terms of thermal insulation, but even harm - condensation will begin to form, the humidity inside the room will increase, and wet spots will appear on the cladding.

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