Warm and dry house. Tips and thoughts on how to heat a private house. Aerated concrete block house

Close windows and doors

In anticipation of the cold weather, the housewives do their best to insulate the windows. Double-glazed windows - the most best option insulation, but not everyone has the opportunity to put them on this moment. I do not want to buy any, but quality ones are much more expensive. So the hostesses do it the old fashioned way with the help of improvised means.

Before insulating the frames, you should inspect the glass - sometimes they do not “sit” very tightly, and cold air freely enters the house. To prevent this, the gaps must be carefully sealed. You can buy window putty at the store, or you can make it yourself by mixing flour glue and chalk in equal proportions. In addition, you can get rid of the gaps between the glass and the frame using silicone sealant. It is transparent and durable - once you miss the glass, you will forget about this problem.

Frames can be insulated in several ways. If you are not going to open, then lay the slots with foam rubber or cotton wool, and glue paper on top. It is verified and reliable way. By the way, old newspapers are also great as a heater, and masking tape can be used instead of paper strips, just take a good one, otherwise it will peel off in a couple of weeks. You can also use ordinary transparent tape, but working with it is not very convenient, as it twists and sticks to your hands.

You can fill unnecessary gaps like this: soak newspapers in water and then fill the gaps with this mass. When this composition dries, it completely seals the free space. Cold air does not penetrate at all! And in the spring it is easy to get rid of such a heater - when you open the windows, it will fall off by itself.

Those who still intend to open the sashes in winter can be advised to stick foam rubber around the entire perimeter of the frame so that it does not interfere with closing the window. Do not save on insulation, a cheap one will cost you more, because it will fall off pretty soon, while quality material won't last one year.

The same applies to doors, entrance and balcony. Of course, modern doors meet not only safety requirements, but also thermal insulation, which cannot be said about those that were produced earlier. They need to be additionally insulated and for this, they are glued to the door frame or to the door. rubber compressor or felt strips are nailed.

cold floor underneath balcony door lay down old pillow or a blanket, and front door at the bottom you can beat it with felt, so that the edge of the material covers the gap. Felt is nailed on the side in which the door opens.

To keep your feet warm

Underfloor heating is another prerequisite for comfort. After all, it happens that the floors remain cold, even if the air temperature at home is normal. This is especially true on the first floors. It seems to be not a problem - laying a carpet on the floor does not take long, but it may not always be right decision. For people suffering from allergies or respiratory diseases (asthma, for example), it is contraindicated to cover the floors with carpets. You can get out of the situation with the help of linoleum on felt base and underfloor heating systems.

This system has already ceased to be a curiosity - more and more more people tend to install it in their apartment, as good points weight. It was especially appreciated by those who have small children, who spend most of their time on the floor.

The floor is heated using a special mat under the tiles, which is only three mm thick, or a two-core shielded cable installed in concrete screed. All work must be carried out by specialists according to the rules of electrical installation. Probably, you should not experiment on your own, even if everything is fine with you. Connecting and checking the system is best entrusted to qualified electricians.

We increase the heat dissipation of batteries

If, and the house is cool, then you can resort to little tricks to increase their heat transfer. For example, attach a piece of foil to the wall behind the battery, which will reflect warm air to the center of the room. By the way, hardware stores have long been selling foil canvases specifically for this purpose.

Heavy, dense curtains and battery grilles also retain heat, thereby preventing the room from heating up. Therefore, either change the curtains to lighter ones, or find another way to open the batteries.

Additional heat source

Even if the house is always warm, a heater in the household is still needed. It will come in handy, given that the heating season starts a little late in our country and ends when it is still quite cold outside. An adult can easily survive this inconvenience, while children have a harder time. Extra clothing restricts movement and interferes with play, and at night some babies throw off their blankets. Therefore, additional heating will only come in handy.

The choice of heaters is now wider than ever, and choosing the right one for you will not be difficult. You need to buy a radiator based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. Typically for 1 square meter 100W heatsink power required. Heaters are convection, oil and infrared.

Convection heaters were not very popular before, since, by heating the room, they burned oxygen. Today, convectors are somewhat more perfect - the maximum temperature of their heating is now not high, only 90 degrees, which contributes to the preservation of oxygen in the room. And due to the large surface area, they heat the air quickly and evenly. Convectors are absolutely safe. The convector body does not heat up above certain temperature, and if a foreign object, hitting the heater, increases it, the radiator will automatically turn off. And convectors do not require placement in the center - they can be placed under the window or in any other secluded corner and the room will still warm up evenly. The service life of such heaters is calculated in tens of years, even with their constant use.

Oil heaters are more bulky, but warm the air very well and do not burn oxygen. Inside such a radiator, a special heat-intensive oil circulates, which is heated by internal electric heaters and radiates uniform heat. Such a heater is equipped with a thermostat, which allows you to maintain the desired temperature in the room. Oil heaters are very convenient because they work efficiently with low power consumption.

Infrared heaters heat the air with heat radiation. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that even when too high ceilings, the room will warm up evenly from top to bottom. And also infrared radiators save from drafts. You need to place them above the windows, which allows you to use these heaters in children's rooms.

When the house is warm, the atmosphere in it is completely different. The feeling of comfort and security increases, things are going well, and you want to spend more time with your family.

Heating radiators need regular checks by a specialist: they may need a little service, and possibly even. Please note: if the temperature of the riser and the surface of the battery is different, this clearly indicates a malfunction.

2 Reflect heat

On the wall behind the battery can be placed special material, reflecting heat (or stick ordinary foil) - then, and the house will become warmer.

3 Consider underfloor heating

If for the sake of warmth in the apartment you are ready for fairly large-scale changes, think about. This is especially true for families with small children.

4 Lay carpets

You can insulate the floor (and at the same time strengthen sound insulation) in another way - by laying it on the floor. Moreover, the more fleecy they are, the more heat they will retain.

In addition to carpets, the following techniques will add warmth to the house:

5 Add textiles

However, do not limit yourself to carpets: the more textiles in the apartment, the more heat is retained. Blankets will come to the rescue, decorative pillows, and much more. Bonus: an interior filled with textiles, even visually.

6 Check windows and doors

7 Replace double glazing

A significant part of the heat in the apartment is lost due to outdated or improperly selected windows. If your double-glazed windows are single-chamber, perhaps it's time to change them to two- or even three-chamber? Note: there are also glass with a special coating for greater thermal insulation.

Photo: Instagram repair_plastikovich_okon

8 Add warm colors

warm colors- orange, yellow and - and their shades visually make the interior warmer. Add these tones to your own environment - and feel the difference.

9 Light the candles

The heat given off by heating candles, of course, is hardly enough to heat the room. But the very sight of the flame is strongly associated in our minds with warmth and comfort - and therefore even from a tiny lit candle you will feel less cold.

10 Buy a heater

If in principle you are satisfied with the temperature in your apartment - and you freeze only in short periods before turning on the heating and after turning it off, purchase

The main problem of operation country house- creating an optimal heat balance in indoor areas. And since any building is constantly losing heat, which escapes through the walls, roof, floor and windows, it is necessary to carefully consider how to make the house warm. If measures to insulate the building were not taken at the construction stage, it is necessary to carry out a professional survey of the house using a thermal imager - a device that allows you to determine the main sources of heat leakage.

Having identified the “weak links” in the heat saving system, they perform complex insulation those structural elements houses that have maximum thermal conductivity. Usually, most of the heat leaves through the walls (about 40%), windows (about 20%), floor and roof (10% each). High-quality thermal insulation of walls outside and inside, roofs inside attic and attic rooms, as well as the base of the floor, taking into account its design, will help to effectively retain heat and minimize the cost of heating the house.

Insulation of the walls of the house cuts off cold air and moisture from the main walls, preventing them from freezing, getting wet and, as a result, destruction. Having insulated the walls of the house from the outside, you will immediately make the house much warmer, and the microclimate in the interior - more comfortable. The need for external insulation of the house depends on structural materials used in its construction, and features climate zone.

Log houses are rarely insulated - the tree perfectly regulates both the thermal and humidity conditions in the interior of the building. In constructive frame buildings thermal insulation was initially laid as one of the layers of sandwich panels - additional insulation walls outside may be required only in northern regions. log houses usually insulated with ventilated facades.

Brick load-bearing walls most often require insulation measures - their thermal conductivity is quite high, so an auxiliary insulating layer prevents them from getting wet and freezing. Houses built from foam concrete, a material with low thermal conductivity, do not require serious insulation, but they need high-quality protection from precipitation due to the porosity of concrete blocks. Brick and foam concrete buildings are isolated from the outside both by arranging a hinged cladding and using the insulated "wet facade" technology.

The main difference between a “wet” and a ventilated facade is that in the first case decorative cladding applied directly to a rigid slab insulation (polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam) mounted on the wall, and in the second - fixed in the rails of the crate, installed at a distance of 50-100 mm from the heat-insulating layer. Ventilation gap between insulation and facade decoration creates the effect of "breathing" walls, contributing to effective heat saving and optimal removal of moisture from load-bearing structures at home. Required condition well-equipped hinged facade- installation of hydro-, wind-, vapor barrier membranes, for example, Ondutis A100 type films.

The internal insulation of the walls of the house, regardless of what material was used in its construction, will provide a pleasant indoor microclimate and high level heat saving of the building, will give the interior decoration durability.

Stages of wall insulation from the inside using a mineral wool heat insulator:

• Cleaning, treatment of walls with antiseptics.
• Installation of the crate with a step corresponding to the width of the insulation.
• Laying of mineral / fiberglass wool.
• Installing a steam breaker - an insulating film to remove condensate from the insulation layer, for example, Ondutis B (R70) Smart. Heat-shielding will contribute to the optimal preservation of heat inside the house. vapor barrier membrane Ondutis R Termo .
• Mounting the frame wood paneling or drywall, followed by the application of a decorative layer (paint, wallpaper, plaster, tiles).

When used as an insulator for rigid foam or polystyrene boards fine finish premises can be performed on reinforced mesh, without mounting the crate.

"Pie" warm roof mounted taking into account the properties of the material used as roof deck, also taking into account the moment whether the room under the roof will be heated or unheated. Especially carefully perform insulation and vapor barrier attic rooms, under the ceiling of which moist air accumulates from all over the house. Installation of thermal insulation with one or two ventilation gaps, installation of moisture and vapor barrier films are measures that allow you to effectively insulate the roof, protecting its “pie” from getting wet and losing its insulating properties.

The method of floor insulation significantly depends on what acts as its base - wood flooring on the lags concrete plates floors or monolithic foundation"on the ground".

The pie of the insulated monolithic floor looks like this:

• Compacted soil.
• Sand and gravel backfill with drainage.
• Reinforced concrete base.
• Hydro, wind insulation.
• insulation layer.
• Vapor barrier.
• Black tie.
• Decorative flooring.

If the house is well insulated, then it is comfortable in it. The cold outside has little effect on the microclimate living space. The temperature in frost is maintained at the request of users, for example, +25 degrees, without significant stress on the part of users and the heating system controlled by them.

The less resistance to the movement of thermal energy is exerted by structures, the more it goes outside, the more the power of the heating system itself is required, the more heat-generating material is destroyed.

As the temperature difference increases, the amount of energy lost increases significantly. It is not at all the same thing - to maintain +18 degrees C and +25 degrees C in the bedroom or in the kitchen.

Why pay more? And for the heating power, and for the burned fuel?
It is enough to insulate once, and the savings will be significant. Given the current prices for cheap heat insulators and energy carriers, insulation should pay off in a few years.

Home insulation is a key issue in creating comfort

If the house is cold, then in winter keep +20 degrees. - the task is more complicated, and it is feasible, if at all the heating power allows, which should be 2-3 times more than usual, for a building with minimal heat losses.

There are also such buildings with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 100 square meters. which is +18 deg. it is difficult to catch up with 20-kilowatt heating - the tenants are freezing. In such a house, you need to wait out the winter, you need to survive the summer.

Think about the insulation of the house makes life. Two questions are being addressed:

• savings of several hundred USD for the heating season (heat loss in the house can be reduced by 2-3 times).
• creation comfortable conditions family accommodation.

How to make thermal insulation measures more profitable

• You can insulate the house to the maximum - make complex thermal insulation measures, with a thermal break layer thickness not less than recommended by economic feasibility in the standards for a given climatic zone, and then get 100% of the possible savings on heating.
• But you can, of course, spend 80% of the required amount, saving on the thickness of the insulation by making it 2 times thinner than required, but then the savings on heating will decrease by 2 times, as the insulation was not reported.
• But you can spend 30 - 40% by using cheap heaters with a thin layer, some natural materials, and then redo the insulation of the house in 1 - 5 years ...

Now the standards require that the house be insulated in such a way that its structures reach a certain resistance to heat transfer. Economically payable package of measures for a maximum of 12 years

A certain thickness of the insulation must be adopted, as well as other measures taken - for ventilation, for placing windows on the right side, the use of energy-reflecting materials ...

Normal home insulation will pay off. Where insulation was not reported, it will not pay off, because the cost of work is approximately the same, and heating is still needed powerful.

You can save on home insulation only by doing it yourself, and not on the quality and quantity of insulation materials.

Simple steps for thermal insulation of structures

How to insulate a house, you can only know by examining it ...
Windows and doors are changed first of all, as structural elements, which then need to be finished. And also as creating additional air exchange (drafts), and as the "coldest" enclosing structures.

If windows and doors are replaced with new insulated, double-triple, without drafts, with sealing of seams along their perimeter, etc. then that's half the battle.

But it is possible, in the absence of funds, to insulate old windows and doors. Read how it's done.

In the attic

We pull off all the junk from the attic, clean the base. We put a solid solid vapor barrier, which will prevent the vaporous moisture from replenishing the insulation.

We fall asleep 30 cm of hay treated with carbide and lime. We cover it with burlap on top, put shields, plywood, boards so that we can walk, to maintain the attic.
This is an easy option for small houses.

More durable, more solid - put a layer mineral wool 20 cm between joists with counter-lattice, with ventilation gap above the insulation and ensuring its ventilation.

under the floor

Breaking down wooden floor. Bottom wooden lag under the floor we fix the boards and shields apart so that there are gaps for ventilation.

We put insulation on this flooring - the same lime-straw with a thickness of at least 20 cm. But it is better, of course, to put durable mineral wool again. Rodents will not settle in it, but it will be ventilated by ventilation of the underground.

An important condition is that it should not be damp under the floor, otherwise the insulation will acquire tighter moisture and lose its properties. Therefore, it may be necessary to first put a layer of roofing material on the ground.

We put continuous waterproofing on top of the mineral wool and log - we separate the houses from the harmfulness of this insulation .. We hammer the floor into place.

Taking care of the foundation

We are thinking about the question - are the walls not damp due to the flow of water from the foundation. If raw, then above the base we do drilling-impregnation-waterproofing with penetrating compounds. This is a serious issue for old buildings.

We tear off the foundation to a depth of at least 50 cm. We cover it with a layer of waterproofing - coated bitumen, on which we glue extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm.

Expanded polystyrene is installed at a height of at least 50 cm from the ground - to protect the walls and plinth from splashes and snow. backfill make sand. We build a blind area with a width not less than the freezing depth in this area, we lay a horizontal thermal break at the bottom of the trench - all the same extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm thick. We also get the insulation of the foundation and its protection from frost heaving.

This action, associated with a very large amount of work and costs, will not pay off in terms of energy savings. But its main purpose is different - to increase the stability of the foundation, to protect it from harmful factors, increase the service life, and hence the whole house. And in this sense, these measures for thermal insulation on heaving soils are appropriate.

On the walls

We cover the cold walls of a house made of heavy materials - brick, concrete, cinder block with foam plastic using the " wet facade”, we plaster, on top to your liking, but with materials suitable for use on insulation - heat-resistant and vapor-transparent.

Significant in scope of work warming measures along the walls, not only significantly reduce heat loss (the walls have the largest area), but are also decorative - they form the appearance of the facade and the whole house.

As soon as the phrase "the first frosts are expected in ..." begins to sound in the weather forecasts, many people think about how to make their home warmer. And often there are simply no special funds for cardinal changes, but you want to warm yourself at least a little. In anticipation of the cold weather, here are some simple tips.

Of course, over how to make your own a private house as warm as possible, you should think about it even at the construction stage, choosing materials and technologies. But, if you live in an old house or apartment, a lot of money is needed for global warming. For example, even do-it-yourself insulation of the facade with foam plastic will require material costs, it will take a lot of time and effort.

If there is no money or time for global warming of a house or apartment, this does not mean at all that you need to put up with uncomfortable temperatures and do nothing. If several simple ways make your home a little warmer and more comfortable with a minimum of costs:

1. Attention to windows! They account for a substantial part of the heat loss of the entire house or apartment. Of course, the best option is to replace windows with new, three-chamber energy-saving double-glazed windows. But you can work with old windows too. wooden frames, using a time-tested method, can be insulated using ordinary paper or textile tapes and paste. Even better - go through all the cracks with an inexpensive sealant. In PVC windows, check and, if necessary, replace seals. Use a special thermal film on windows or stick on double sided tape the simplest packaging film. In a private house, you can completely tighten the old windows from the outside with polyethylene, but then there will be a problem with ventilation and views of the surroundings;

1. To finish with the windows - the second tip. During the day, be sure to raise the blinds, shutters, open the curtains so that the room warms up naturally under sunbeams. But at night you should completely close the curtains, close the windows. Some even curtain them with a blanket or an old blanket to definitely avoid heat loss. Ugly, yes, but quite practical. If you are not ready to take such measures, simply replace the light summer curtains with thicker ones and pull them up at night;

1. Radiators are definitely advisable to replace if they have already performed poorly in the past. heating season. But you can simply remove and rinse them, as well as stick reflectors, for example, aluminum foil. It is even better to use penofol or porilex with foil on the wall behind the radiators. This will reduce the heat loss that will be reflected from outer wall and stay inside the house;

1. Many people are skeptical about carpets, calling them dust collectors and an outdated interior decor item. But if your house or apartment does not have a floor heating system, then the carpet will come in handy in the first cool days. Agree, it will be much more pleasant to attack bare feet on a warm and fluffy rug, crawling out from under the blanket. And you will have to worry less about children playing on the floor;

1. Buy a heater. Let the simplest and most inexpensive, for example, a small fan heater. There are also convectors, oil coolers, infrared heaters… The choice is great. Even one such electric heater will help you feel comfortable if, for example, you haven’t turned it on yet. central heating or there is a need to additionally heat a separate room;

1. You can additionally heat an apartment or house simply in the course of your daily activities. For example, bake pies in the oven - do not close the door to the kitchen. Warmth and a pleasant aroma of baking will spread throughout the rooms. Or when taking a bath, also do not close the door (if possible). And warm steam heat the corridor;

1. Lovely, pleasant, warm trifles. They help to create a cozy and comfortable home. comfortable atmosphere. Slippers, candles, aroma lamps, a cozy soft blanket, a comfortable, sagging armchair, a sofa with assorted pillows, a favorite book or movie, a cup of fragrant steaming tea and a purring cat ... It is these little things that can help us cope with the autumn blues and understand - cold is not so bad, winter has its charms, and there is very little left before summer! Think about hygge, because it is not so difficult to create an interior with a philosophy of happiness.

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