Summer is coming and with it preventive maintenance water mains. For the townspeople, these events, which take place from year to year, are no longer a surprise. The desire to put up with temporary inconveniences is less and less. Many are looking for a way out of this situation in a store selling water heaters.

Electric water heaters presented in a wide range and located in different price categories. Their cost depends on the principle of operation, volume, power and other parameters. Wide the lineup allows you to purchase an electrical appliance in the optimal ratio of price and quality, but requires additional time costs. To choose suitable model corresponding to the required operating conditions, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the types of equipment and study in detail its technical characteristics.

Types of water heaters. Their differences and design features

Gas water heater - This is a gas stove. Such a unit is very convenient if a gas line is available. Columns or flow gas water heaters classified according to the type of ignition. In the case of piezo ignition, the wick is constantly lit in the column. The column is launched by means of a button. Electric ignition occurs automatically. There are models with turbine ignition, which turn on when water is supplied.

A gas storage water heater is rarely used due to the high cost and complexity of installing the unit.

Electric water heaters

There are options when the power grid is more accessible than the gas main or the water heater is used occasionally if the central hot water supply is turned off. Deciding to choose an electric water heater, you need to decide on its type.

The main types of electric water heaters are flow and storage ( capacitive ) . The latter have gained wide popularity in everyday life, small industrial and office organizations. Storage water heaters can be floor and hanging, as well as round or flat. This allows you to simplify their installation and aesthetically combine with the interior of the room.

Storage electric water heaters

They can only provide a limited amount of hot water. After using it, additional time is needed to heat a new portion.

The principle of operation of a storage water heater is based on the action of natural convective flows. Cold water from the water supply system enters the working capacity of the tank through inlet fitting. increases its temperature (35–85°C), which leads to a decrease in density. The heated liquid, which has a lower density, rises to the upper layers of the tank. Then it enters the system through a special tube, which is located vertically and has a height slightly less than the working tank.

This design eliminates the occurrence of emergencies caused by the lack of water in the tank when its supply is stopped. It is also advisable to install a check valve on the inlet pipeline so that the liquid does not flow back into the water supply system during a shutdown.

In order to reduce heat loss, thermal insulation is provided in the body of the water heater. The average power of these water heaters allows you to connect a boiler without changing the wiring, which is quite capable of withstanding 2 kW. Of course, there are storage water heaters with more power.

When connecting a storage water heater, it is important to ensure strict compliance with the manufacturer's scheme. Failure to do so can lead to premature failure.

They are used as a heating element in storage water heaters. The latter use the electrical resistance of the liquid for their work. The current flowing from the anode to the cathode overcomes its resistance, which leads to heating. Such a scheme is safer in operation, since in the absence of water in the working tank, the circuit is open and heating does not occur.

The heating element consists of a brass tube, inside of which there is a conductor with the necessary electrical resistance. It is covered with ceramic or other insulation. TEN models contribute better to thermoregulation than electrode ones.

Instantaneous electric water heaters

Flow heaters are compact in size and are able to provide a large volume of hot water, limited only by throughput. They are optimally suited for use in hostels and other residential areas with a large number living.

Inside the instantaneous water heater there is a heating element, which is a heating element. He is copper tube with nichrome helix. The water heater is connected to the network, and the heating element is heated by electric current. Cold water, passing through the instantaneous water heater, heats up and exits the device already hot. The instantaneous water heater must have big power in order to heat up the flow of water. It will take from three to twenty-seven kilowatts. Not every electrical wiring can withstand such power. Advantages are at home where they are installed electric stoves. In these houses, the wiring will withstand the load created by the power of the instantaneous water heater. There are two conclusions. If you decide to install an instantaneous water heater in a house with old wiring, you will have to re-wire the network or separately for the water heater, taking into account the power. Otherwise, you can simply choose a storage (capacitive) water heater. Its other name is boiler.

Nuances to consider when choosing and connecting

First of all, you should determine the type of device. It is also important to take into account the number of residents. Right choice type of equipment will ensure rational costs Money at the time of purchase, and will also save on electricity consumption in the future. When choosing a storage water heater great importance has it capacity and power, since the heating time and the current consumption depend on these characteristics.

Using a water heater, you can consume hot water from one or more taps. storage heater suitable if you plan to receive hot water from only one tap. To provide hot water from several taps, a pressure-type water heater is suitable.

Having dealt with the number of taps, it is necessary to determine the volume of the storage water heater. Hot water is needed to take a bath or shower, wash dishes, hands, etc. About 150 liters are consumed for a bath, a shower will require 30 liters. In the kitchen sink, up to 20 liters are consumed. This is the average consumption of hot water per person. family from three people need DHW tank volume of at least 80 liters. If all family members want to take a shower, the water heater will have to be turned on several times. There are water heaters of large volumes, for example, 400 liters. Possible options: water heater in the kitchen and bathroom. In dachas, electric water heaters are usually installed for washing hands and taking a shower. In the first case, a boiler with a volume of 15 liters is enough. To take a shower, you will need a water heater with a volume of at least 30 liters. There are water heaters for autonomous supply of hot water to the whole house.

A type of storage water heater is a boiler. It has a case with a lid, a faucet and controls located on the front panel. Such boilers are very convenient in cafes, canteens, offices. Water is poured into a similar boiler by removing the lid. Boilers have different sizes. The smallest boiler is equipped with a tank of 5 liters.

Instantaneous electric water heaters water heaters have a number of advantages. They heat water almost instantly. Their compact size allows you to place them without taking up much space. If you come to terms with the fact that this device consumes a lot of electricity, and you will need a separate one to install it. must match the load.

To protect users from injury electric shock during operation, it is necessary to ensure connection to the metal circuit and the device protective shutdown(). In accordance with the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE). This will increase the safety of operation, as well as prevent the occurrence of unforeseen situations, which often entail additional financial costs.

storage water heater provide you with a large supply of hot water. It is economical in power consumption. The wiring will not have to be changed when installing this device. If your house has a place where you can install a fairly large boiler, and you are willing to wait a while until the water heats up, then your choice is a storage electric water heater.

The long service life of the water heater is ensured by the corrosion-resistant materials from which it is made. The inner tank of the water heater is made of carbon steel protected by an enamel coating or polypropylene. Sometimes the inner case is made of stainless steel.

Unfortunately, scale builds up on the inside of the water heater over time. You can fight scale formation with the help of filter installations.

On electric storage water heaters indicate the index. The first digit following the abbreviation indicates protection against foreign bodies. The second digit carries information about protection against water.

Given the living conditions and financial possibilities, you can choose a water heater that fully meets your comfort requirements. Hot water outages are no longer scary.

Global trends in the field of engineering communications in recent decades are increasingly gravitating towards maximum decentralization. Preparing everything you need comfortable life or full production process directly at the place of consumption is an important component of resource-saving environmental management. As an energy carrier, the most convenient option is electricity. The benefits of electric water heating include:

• availability - electricity is now wired to almost every building, including remote villages and summer country houses;
• simplicity - electricity has already become such a familiar attribute of our Everyday life that the operation of a new electrical appliance does not require any new skills from the user;
• environmental friendliness - there are quite fierce disputes about the environmental cleanliness of electricity, because, indeed, during the production of electricity, damage to the environment is still caused, but the meaning of the environmental friendliness of electricity consumption lies in the fact that air pollution does not occur in a metropolis, where the air is already heavily polluted , and at a distance from it;
• safety - for installing a domestic electric water heater accumulative type usually no additional permits are required, the installation and operation of a serviceable boiler does not pose a threat to the life of the user, its power does not create additional excessive load on the general house electrical network, and the water heater requires virtually no maintenance, and safety is no more difficult than when heating an electric kettle.

For individual water consumption, water heaters designed for wall mounting, with a capacity of up to 200 liters. Hot water in everyday life is usually required less than it might seem. After all, the water in the tank can be heated to much more high temperatures than required, and then mix with cold water. It is convenient to make any calculations for a storage water heater using the general formulas (1) and (2):

Q = cμmix(tmix - tcold), (1)

where Q is the energy that must be expended to heat water, J; c is the specific heat capacity of water, which at 10 °C is 4.192 kJ/(kg⋅°C); μmix is ​​the mass of heated water, kg; tmix is ​​the required temperature of the heated water; tcol is the temperature of the heated water. For ease of calculation specific heat water is usually taken equal to 4.2 kJ / (kg⋅ ° C), and the mass of water μ is numerically equated to its volume V in liters (μ \u003d ρV, where ρ is the density of water, which at 10 ° C is 0.99973 g / cm3); Q = P τ, where P is the required power for heating a given volume of water for a specified temperature difference, kW; τ is the heating time, s. Since not boiling water is required, but dilute water, we use the expression derived from formula (1):

cμhot(tmix - thot) + cμcold(tmix - tcold) = 0, (3)

where μhot is the mass of hot water in the boiler; thot is the temperature of hot water in the boiler. Having carried out calculations according to these formulas, taking into account the possibility of setting the value of tgor up to 85 ° C, we obtain the required volume, usually within 100 liters. So, a wall-mounted electric capacitive (accumulative) water heater or boiler is designed to accumulate a certain supply of water, followed by heating it to a predetermined temperature and maintaining it in order to distribute it through the hot water supply system (DHW).

Cold water enters the bottom of the water heater. To ensure that the jet of incoming water does not mix with the heated one, various diffusers are used to promote the distribution of water along the bottom of the tank. The heated water rises under the action of convection forces, displacing cold layers. This is how it goes natural circulation water. After heating the entire volume of water to the desired temperature, the heating is turned off.

The water heater is made of steel or stainless steel. In the first case, it needs additional protection against corrosion, which is provided by special enamel. The composition of the enamel and the method of its manufacture are kept secret by manufacturers, giving only general information about the name of the technology and application temperature. For stainless steel boilers, the quality of the welds plays an important role. Of the manufacturers presented in the review, stainless models are Ariston (ABS Platinum), Timberk (FS, RS), Thermex (Flat, Diamond).

Ariston uses argon-arc welding with a tungsten electrode using the Micro Plasma TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) system. Argon practically does not enter into chemical interactions with molten metal and other gases in the arc burning zone. Being 38% heavier than air, argon displaces it from the welding zone and reliably isolates the weld pool from contact with the atmosphere. Thermex chose Japanese technology welding of stainless steel G.5, where welding is performed by an electron beam in a vacuum field.

Such welding has received the greatest distribution in the aerospace industry where quality and reliability play a key role. G.5 welding technology does not damage the structure of stainless steel and retains alloying additives, which maintains a high degree of corrosion resistance of welded seams of water heaters. There are also so-called "non-pressure models" on the market, in which the water heater is made of plastic.

E The operation of such a water heater imposes certain restrictions on the operation parameters. In particular, they can only be used with special draw-off fittings and only for one draw-off point. The advantages of such tanks include the absence of corrosion and low weight. The water heating tank is usually located vertically and has a round or square outer section of the cladding.

But some manufacturers include in their range narrow (Ariston, AEG, Stiebel Eltron, Nibe, Thermex), flat (Gorenje, Austria Email, Ariston) and even horizontal models (Nibe, Timberk, Gorenje, Ariston) for installation in confined spaces. Heating is carried out using an electric heater located at the bottom of the tank. The fittings for filling and water intake are also located there.

In horizontal and universal tanks a heating element sometimes starts from the side, but this constructive solution less desirable, because it does not correspond to the direction of natural convection, therefore, an underheated zone may appear in the depth of the tank, where bacteria will begin to multiply. TEN is one or more. In the latter case, it is possible to activate the accelerated heating option, which allows one-time increase in the power of the heating element (Ariston, Thermex).

In previous years, the design of the heating group in all types wall-mounted boilers was "wet", that is, the heating element and the tube with the temperature sensor were always located inside the tank itself. This imposed certain restrictions on the quality of water, in particular, its hardness. Since the temperature of the heating element is much higher than the ambient temperature, scale is deposited on it in the first place.

Yes, and the replacement or prevention of the heating element required the complete emptying of the boiler. Now some manufacturers use in their tanks a “dry heating element” located under the bottom of the water heating tank, which can be dismantled at any time. Some modern water heaters are equipped with a digital display with electronically controlled water temperature, even with the possibility of programming (Ariston, Gorenje, Thermex). The color of the water heater is usually white. But not necessarily. The market is actively conquered by models of boilers in black and metallic colors (Timberk, Gorenje, Thermex).

The use of electric water heaters is the most convenient way solving the problem of lack of hot water supply in an apartment or in a country house.

Video review - Tankless water heater.

According to the method of heating water, electric water heaters are divided into two groups:

The use of instantaneous water heaters in which cold water, passing through pipe with heating element, comes out of it already hot, somewhat problematic. First of all, because of the power they consume. This is about 5-8 kW. The wiring of not every house is able to withstand such power.

It will be much more rational to use electric water heaters of a capacitive or storage type. There is a wide range of such water heaters, the capacity of which ranges from 5 to 150 liters.

Just like a water heater flow type, has a heating element (heater). Teng heats water to the desired temperature and turns off. When the temperature of the heated water drops slightly, the heating element turns on again and heats the cooled water. In order to reduce heat loss between the outer casing and the container (tank), a heat-insulating layer of solid foam has been created.

Important in choosing a storage water heater will be the fact that the power of such a device is in the region 2 kW. Homeowners won't need to worry about wiring. Water heating is carried out slowly, over several hours, but with such a gentle mode of use, energy consumption becomes much less.

Before you buy a tank water heater, you should decide how much hot water is needed for use in a given home. Accordingly, the more water you need, the larger the capacity of the water heater should be bought. As, by installing a water heater small volume, the owners will make their device work without rest, which will increase electricity consumption and significant wear of water heating elements.

If the dwelling has two or more plumbing riser, it would be more expedient to install two or even several water heaters with different tank capacities. For example, in the kitchen, where the water consumption is much less than in the riser in the bathroom, it is worth installing DHW tank from 10 to 30 liters. But when installing a water heater for a bathroom, it is necessary to take into account how many people will use hot water in it and how much it will require. For big family A DHW tank with a tank volume of 80 to 150 liters or more is best suited.

A little about the design of a storage water heater

Basically, the inner surface of most electric water heaters is made of steel coated with a layer of protective enamel. This is a fairly durable material with good anti-corrosion properties, non-toxic, resistant to chemicals. Installed inside the tank anti-corrosion anode, increasing the service life of metal parts.

In regions with hard water, there is a possibility of rapid formation of limescale inside the tank. To avoid this unpleasant phenomenon, before installing a storage water heater, it is necessary to equip the water supply unit with filtering installations. If this is not possible, the tank is periodically cleaned of lime deposits.

Good day

Ocompanies

German company Unitherm Haustechnik GmbH specializes in the production of water heating, heating, pumping equipment and electrical appliances.

All products are manufactured at factories in Germany and the EU and have the necessary certificates of conformity and quality. The latest technology, the best price-quality ratio and modern design characterize the products as accurately as possible. Unitherm and allow the company to occupy a leading position in the global market.

The company pays great attention to environmental protection. First of all, this concerns energy-saving technologies and devices that help reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and use energy more efficiently.

Device and principle of operation.

Storage water heaters have a tank in which water is heated. In this case, cold water is at the bottom of the tank, and hot water is at the top.During the intake of hot water from the water heater, it is displaced by cold water. Cold water enters the water heater from below, under pressure, and hot water is taken from above. The diagram shows that the supply pipe cold water short, and the hot water intake pipe is long, therefore, all hot water goes from above the water heater. In order for hot water to flow constantly, it is necessary that the water heater has access to cold water, and it is turned on. electrical network. It should be remembered that hot water from the storage water heater will not flow constantly, since hot water is displaced by cold water, and the heating element, although it turns on at this time, does not have enough power to immediately heat the water.

Electric storage water heaters - pros and cons

• Providing a sufficiently large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you have chosen).
• Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several taps
• Possibility of connection to a normal electric network.
• The water supply does not have to be under high pressure.

· The heat-insulating layer ensures that the temperature of the water in the tank is maintained for a sufficiently long time.

• The outlet water temperature can be very high (up to 75 0 C).

• The time required to heat the water (minimum 20 minutes - depending on the volume).

• With a small consumption of hot water, the device is forced to spend additional energy on maintaining the temperature of the water in the tank, i.e. actually to warm it up.
• The main disadvantage of boilers is their size.
• Storage water heaters are generally more expensive than instantaneous water heaters.
• Since water is stored in a container, its quality, especially drinking, may deteriorate.

• With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 2-3 years.

Scheme of connection of a capacitive electric water heater.

ELECTRIC STORAGE WATER HEATER companies Unitherm

· Water heaters accumulative universal for installation of heating elements, floor, 800-1000 l, stainless steel. steelUS... Uni S 59 kb

· Floor water heaters universal with the possibility of installing heating elements and / or heat exchangers with a capacity of 140 to 3000 l US...Uni

· Storage water heaters: electric, floor standing, 200-600 lUS, US...B 72 kb

· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, vertical, 30-200 lUSR 104 kb

· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, horizontal, 50-200 lUSR...H 86 kb

Water heaters capacitive electric.

Electric floor standing DHW cylinders closed type seriesUS 200–600 B, US 200–400 capacity from 200 to 600 l, designed for floor mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 10 bar. Appliances have single-phase 230V or three-phase 400V electrical connection(volume above 400 l) depending on the power consumption, the possibility of using a cheap night tariff (only US ...). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points. To save energy, it is recommended to set the energy saving mode to 60° C.

Design

● Steel inner tank ST 372, covered with anti-corrosion enamel;

●C removablethermal insulation from environmentally friendly pure material;

● Integrated heating flange (∅ 180 mm) with stainless steel heating element;

● Protective magnesium anode∅ 33x400–M8;

● Control unit and heating indicator on the heating flange;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment 20–75°C;

● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter.

IP 24 (protection against splashing water);

USR, with a capacity of 30 to 200 liters, are designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 6 bar ( USR 30–50) and 8 bar (USR 80–200). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points and are used both in open and in closed systems water heating. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 15 to 65 ° C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°C ( USR 80–200).

Design

● Powder-coated steel body white color;

● High quality steel inner tank ST 37–2 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by pouring at a temperature of 850°C;

● Control unit and heating indicator on the front panel;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 15 to 65°С ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°C ( USR 80–200);

● Mounting bracket included

● High degree of electrical safety: type of protection IP 24.

Closed Type Electric DHW Tanks SeriesUSR... H, with a capacity of 50 to 200 liters, are designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 8 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points and are used in both open and closed water heating systems. The horizontal arrangement of the device allows to place it in the conditions of limited space. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 20 to 73 ° C.

Design

● Steel body painted with white powder enamel;

● Stainless steel inner tank St 372 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by pouring at 850° C;

● Thermal insulation from environmentally friendly material;

● Stainless steel heating element;

● Anti-corrosion magnesium anode;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 20 to 75°C, hidden under a decorative cover;

● Heating indicator on the front panel;

● Thermometer;

● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter;

● Mounting bracket included.

● High degree of electrical safety: protection class IP X 4 (protection against water splashes).

The device and principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters.

The principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters practically does not differ from the principle of operation of capacitive electric water heaters. The main difference is the use various systems water heating (electric heating element, water-to-water heat exchanger), and in water heaters with two flange holes, their combinations.

Universal tank water heaters - pros and cons

Positive characteristics:

• Provision of a large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you have chosen).
• Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several taps
• Possibility to connect various water heating systems (heat sources).
• The water supply does not have to be under high pressure.
• High efficiency due to the use of various water heating systems.

· The heat-insulating layer ensures that the temperature of the water in the tank is maintained for a long time.

• High outlet water temperature (up to 95 0 C).

Negative characteristics:

• Time required to heat water.

· The volume of hot water is limited by the size of the tank.

• With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 1-2 years.

Universal floor storage water heaters of closed type US...Uni volumes from 140 to 3000 liters are optimally suited for providing hot water both in small facilities and in facilities with a large need for hot water.
Water heaters are produced in modifications with one (140-500 l) and two (300-3000 l) flange holes, which gives wide opportunities combination of water heaters for different heating systems - electric heating element or water-to-water heat exchanger, which are supplied separately.
All models with two flange holes have a flange diameter of 240 mm (maximum power 2x45 kW), models with one flange hole - 180 mm (maximum power 1x10 kW).
All water heaters are equipped with a threaded coupling for installing an additional heating element with a power of up to 9 kW.
Water heaters with a capacity of up to 500 liters are equipped with a metal casing, as evidenced by the M index in the model name. Water heaters with a capacity of 800 liters are supplied in a soft removable casing.
Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points.

Design

· Heating tank made of ST37-2 stainless steel with double coating of environmentally friendly anti-corrosion quartz enamel;

· One flange hole 180 mm (US ...1 M Uni ) or two flange holes 240 mm (US ...2 (M) Uni ) for the installation of electric heating elements and heat exchangers, (unused holes can be closed with a plug and cover);

· Threaded coupling for installation of an additional electric heating element;

· Highly efficient environmentally friendly removable thermal insulation with a thickness of 50 (US ...1 M Uni ) to 100 mm (US ...2 Uni );

· Magnesium anode or externally powered anode - for additional protection from corrosion;

· Fittings for connecting cold and hot pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;

· Hard metal hood (US ... M Uni ) or soft detachable hood (US ... Uni )

· Built-in thermometer.

Universal electric floor storage water heaters of closed type US…Uni S volumes from 800 to 1000 liters made of stainless steel are optimally suited for providing hot water in facilities with a large demand for hot water. Water heaters are produced in modifications with two flange openings, which gives ample opportunities for using electric heating elements with a power of up to 10 kW each. The maximum working pressure in the hot water supply system is 10 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points.

Design

• Heating tank - stainless steel «inox» AISI 316 L , the weld is made according to the technology TIG in combination with plasma welding;
• High quality environmentally friendly removable thermal insulation with magnetic closure, base color is white;
• Two flange holes∅ 134 mm at the front of the water heater;
• Thermometer;
• A fitting for connecting cold and hot water pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a reverse circulation pipeline;
• Height adjustable legs

"Plumbing" (Publishing house "ABOK-PRESS"), No. 1, 2002

• main types of water heaters;
• short description flow and storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• main types of storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• electric storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• combined storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• gas storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• major manufacturers of storage (capacitive) water heaters;

Almost every owner of both a large cottage and a small house in the village faces the problem of preparing hot water. Yes, and urban residents remember this problem at least once a year during the preventive summer shutdown of hot water supply.

The range of water heaters on the Russian market is very wide - dozens of manufacturers, many of the most different models. The purpose of this article is to help you at least a little understand this equipment.

What are water heaters.

Electric storage (capacitive) water heaters.

The use of electric storage (capacitive) water heaters is most optimal when you want to have enough hot water, and the electrical wiring of your house or the amount of electricity allocated to your cottage does not allow the use of instantaneous water heaters, the average power consumption of which ranges from 5 to 27 kW.

Accumulative (capacitive) electric water heaters are fairly simple and reliable devices, the main elements of which are an internal tank and a heating element - a heating element. The volume of the tank for most manufacturers usually ranges from 10 to 200 liters, the power of the heating element is from 1.2 to 2.5 kW. These two parameters determine the heating time of the water in the water heater. For 10-15 liter boilers, it will take approximately 30-40 minutes, for 200 liter boilers - 5-8 hours. In addition to the tank and the heating element, water heaters usually include: a magnesium anode (prevents corrosion of the inner tank), thermal insulation (ensures the preservation of heat of heated water), a thermostat (allows you to set the desired temperature), an outer casing (determines appearance boiler), safety valve (to relieve excess pressure).

Gas storage (capacitive) water heaters.

Now a few words about storage (capacitive) gas water heaters. The volume of their sales in Russia is much lower than electric ones. At the same time, gas water heaters in some cases are much more profitable than electric ones and they are more high price more than pays off during operation, because the cost of gas is several times less than the cost of electricity. The comfort provided by storage (capacitive) water heaters allows them, under certain conditions, to successfully compete with gas water heaters.

It is important to note that many companies produce two types of capacitive gas water heaters:

1. with natural draft (with open cam combustion),
2. with forced draft (with closed camera combustion).

Forced draft water heaters have the following advantages: they do not require additional air inflow into the room to maintain the combustion process; no need to make an expensive traditional chimney, instead of which a short and inexpensive coaxial chimney is successfully used. Their main disadvantage is a noticeably higher cost compared to water heaters with an open combustion chamber(about 1.5 times).

The main elements of gas storage (capacitive) water heaters are:

1. tank, protected from the inside with a special coating and equipped with magnesium anode in order to prevent corrosion,
2. outer casing made of steel, covered with a layer of paint,
3. insulation that reduces heat loss,
4. exhaust hood preventing the backflow of exhaust gases,
5. atmospheric gas burner,
6. Control block,
7. protection system that shuts off the gas supply in case of abnormal operation.

		AMERICAN WATER HEATERS

I will try to list some brands of storage water heaters that are widely represented on the Russian market.

1) Electric storage water heaters:

• ARISTON (Italy)
• AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
• BAXI (Italy)
• DEMIR DOKUM (Turkey)
• DIMPLEX (Germany)
• DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
• ELECTROLUX (Sweden)
• EUROBOILER (Italy)
• GORENJE (Slovenia)
• IDROPI (Italy)
• ISEA (Italy)
• LIKE (Italy)
• STIEBEL ELTRON (Germany)
• TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
• THERMEX (Italy)
• THERMIA (Finland)
• WESTER (England)

2) - electric heater plus coil:

• ARISTON (Italy)
• AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
• DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
• EUROBOILER (Italy)
• GORENJE (Slovenia)
• IDROPI (Italy)
• TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
• WESTER (England)

3) Combined DHW cylinders- electric heating element plus a firebox for firewood:

• ARISTON (Italy)

4) Gas DHW cylinders:

• AMERICAN WATER HEATERS (USA)
• ARISTON (Italy)
• VAILLANT (Germany)

How to choose a tank water heater from the many available?

To select the volume of the water heater, you can focus on the average one-time consumption of hot water by one person.

• Bathroom 150 - 180 l
• Shower 50 - 90 l
• Wash basin 6 - 17 l
• Kitchen sink 20 - 30 l

Taking into account the number of family members and your individual needs for hot water, using this table, you yourself can choose the approximate volume of the required water heater.

Usually the most popular models for use outside the city are boilers with a volume of 100 to 200 liters. In a city apartment, few people can afford to install a water heater of such a large volume, therefore, in this case, boilers with a volume of 10 to 50 liters are more often bought, which may well brighten up the problems that arise due to the annual summer shutdown of hot water supply.

Most companies produce both vertical and horizontal boilers (the exception is Electrolux, which produces models that can be placed both vertically and horizontally). Which type to choose depends only on the convenience of placing the water heater in your room. If you don’t care, then it’s more logical to buy a vertical one, because. usually, if all other parameters are equal, its price is lower.

Unfortunately, in the volume of one article it is impossible to describe all brands of water heaters, but I would like to hope that you have received a sufficient volume useful information, which will help you better navigate the products presented on the Russian market.