The porch is an integral part of any private house, dacha or cottage. Making a porch out of wood has a lot of advantages, among which are the availability of materials and ease of installation. We will talk about how to make a wooden porch and its varieties further.
Wooden porch: features and types
Arriving at the house, guests first of all pay attention to the design of the porch, so special attention should be paid to the arrangement of this element. The porch of a wooden house is distinguished by its special beauty and showiness. It is not only characterized by practicality, but also emphasizes the environmental friendliness of the materials from which the whole house is built.
A wooden porch is called an external extension, which is located near the building, most often at the front door. The lack of a porch at the house gives it an unfinished appearance. Therefore, if the porch was not planned to be built during the construction of the building, many people think about its arrangement for many years after the construction of the house.
The porch is not only an aesthetic component of the building, but also performs practical functions, namely, in winter it prevents snow from getting to the door, it is an additional heat insulator.
In relation to the design features, the following types of porch are distinguished:
- simple - they look like an open area on which a small number of steps are located, while there are no enclosing structures on such a porch;
- partially closed areas - structures that have a small side fence, its main function is to decorate and protect the main building;
- attached - a porch, which is located near the building and in appearance resembles a small extension;
- built-in - a variant of the porch equipment, which involves its arrangement in one of the premises of the building, for example, in a veranda, such a porch reliably protects the house from various kinds of sounds and at the same time acts as a heat insulator.
Closed or built-in porch options suggest their use as winter gardens, a place for receiving guests or a place for leisure activities.
In addition, there is such a type of porch as a patio. This design has an increased area and allows you to hold parties in it. The patio is an intermediate combination of a porch with a terrace. The main advantages of such a porch are simplicity and versatility.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch construction options
It is the porch that allows you to take care of the design of the front of the building. With the help of the right porch design, there is an opportunity to emphasize the integrity, architectural style and attractiveness of the building.
A wooden porch will be a great addition to a house made of logs, glued beams, gun carriages, etc. A house made by manual cutting has not only a spectacular appearance, but also has a special energy. The use of solid logs is characterized by high strength and durability.
If the building is made of timber, then the ideal porch option for it will be a semi-open porch made of logs. Its production requires special skill and creativity. For the construction of such a porch, you should hire experienced professionals who have the skills to knit logs.
If it is planned to build a porch for a small country house, then it is preferable to choose the option with a simplified design. This will require the presence of a roughly processed tree.
Frame houses involve the simultaneous construction of a house with a porch. In this embodiment, it has the form of an extension or veranda. First, the frame is mounted, and then it is sheathed.
Wooden porch photo:
Features of designing a wooden porch
There are a large number of options for finished wooden porch projects. In addition, it is possible to order the individual development of this element by specialists involved in design. If the financial situation does not allow this, then you should do the design yourself.
The design features of the building are influenced by the architectural design of the house, the height of its foundation, landscape features and the overall design. The porch is equipped in the form of one or two platforms, open, semi-open or closed.
The main component of the porch is an open horizontal platform, the entrance to which is provided by inclined flights in the form of a staircase of a small number of steps.
The most convenient march width is from 1.2 to 1.5 m. Its main components are bowstrings - bars set at an angle, as well as steps and railings. There is a directly proportional relationship between the width of the step, which is 0.6 m, and the width of the bowstring.
The main component of each step is a tread - a horizontal board, ranging in size from 27 to 33 cm, and a riser - a vertical board, the height of which varies between 15-18 cm. The most optimal width of the stairs is one and a half front doors. A convenient railing height is 90 cm.
Stairs with a wide tread and a low riser are distinguished by the convenience and comfort of lifting. To connect all the details of a wooden staircase, screws, nails and staples are used, and for additional fixation of the handrails, glue is used, which has a moisture-resistant base.
The staircase installed on the porch must have two supports: internal and external. The use of a wooden console will provide internal support for the stairs, it is fixed on the crown of the log house. In order to install external supports, the foundation of the structure is expanded, a monolith is poured or pillars made of wood are driven in.
In the process of constructing a horizontal platform, it is required to ensure its slight slope towards the street so that water flows freely along it. In the process of forming the flooring on the site, try to leave small joints between the boards that will help the water stack during rains.
If there is a small staircase leading to the porch (less than two steps), the construction of the fence is optional and is performed solely as a decorative element. The steps as a whole should be in harmony with the design of the house and with the porch.
To protect the porch from the weather, it is recommended to equip a canopy over it. It is recommended to use the same materials for its decoration as the roof of the entire building is finished with.
The platform can be part of the house, be installed on one of its sides or have a built-in form.
To avoid inconvenience when opening the front door, the minimum size of the porch area is 1.2 by 1.8 m.
In the process of making the porch of a wooden house with your own hands, an important factor is its shape. In this matter, there are no restrictions, it is possible to arrange a porch of any shape. The main thing is that it is in perfect harmony with the general building and copes with its functions.
In relation to the shape of the porch, the following variations are distinguished:
- angular;
- semicircular;
- parallel;
- rectangular;
- oval;
- trapezoid;
- straight;
- lateral.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch: arrangement technology
The porch construction procedure consists of the following steps:
- carrying out calculations and planning;
- design and purchase of materials;
- frame construction;
- site arrangement.
The first stage of work involves the design of the porch. Before its construction, it is necessary to accurately determine the size of its main part in order to equip the foundation under it.
In order to make the porch of a wooden house with your own hands, you should purchase materials in the form of:
- bars, beams and rafters measuring 10x20 cm;
- boards, for flooring on the site, for arranging a canopy, steps and railings - 5x15x20 cm;
- cement and sand;
- tools in the form of a saw, hammer, nails, wood screws, building level, shovel, solution tank.
The best wood options that are used in the construction of the veranda are spruce or larch. They are highly moisture resistant and resistant to external irritants.
The initial stage of construction is the arrangement of the foundation, which is the basis of any structure.
For the construction of a site made of wood, it is enough to build a foundation of piles. Its cost is much lower than the tape, and the design is quite reliable and practical. In addition, it does not take much time and effort to equip such a foundation.
Please note that the duration of the operation of a wooden porch directly depends on the correct processing of the wood used in the process of its construction. The main requirements for the material are:
- the correctness of its drying;
- pre-treatment with antiseptics;
- treatment with moisture-repellent solutions;
- protection against insects.
To build a foundation, you will need to equip pits for piles around the entire perimeter of the structure. Their minimum depth is 0.8 m. Next, piles are installed, which are covered with earth and rammed.
Please note that waterproofing is an obligatory moment in arranging the foundation on piles, since neglect of this process will lead to the accumulation of moisture in the tree and to its destruction.
To increase the strength of the structure, it is attached to the base of the wall. Next, the bowstring begins to form. There are several varieties of it:
- bowstring with carved ledges;
- the presence of inserted degrees;
- with cut steps.
To form the same and symmetrical recesses, it is necessary to make a pattern. On the one hand, it corresponds to the dimensions of the treads, and on the other, to the risers. Next is the marking on the boards.
To increase the reliability of the design, care must be taken to connect the bowstrings with lags. To do this, it is necessary to provide a tongue and groove connection.
For the manufacture of this design, it is preferable to choose metal, and for strengthening, use metal staples.
The easiest way to mount the site is to mount boards on a pre-built base from a log. The risers and steps are fixed to the surface using self-tapping screws or tongue and groove joints.
How to make a wooden porch: design options
In the process of decorating the porch, only materials of natural origin, such as stone, wood, should be used. The most common style direction in the design of the porch is the use of country style or rustic style. In the exterior of such a porch there is a combination of different species, textures and shades of wood.
In order to shade the naturalness of wood, it is recommended to use natural stone in the design of the porch.
In order to dilute the boring atmosphere, use bright textural elements in the form of chairs, armchairs, pillows to decorate the porch.
In addition, the presence of flowers in pots or tubs allows you to make the atmosphere festive and friendly for meeting guests.
Lamps in the form of lanterns or candles will be a great addition to the porch in the form of a terrace. In addition, it would be appropriate to install a barbecue on such a site, with which you can please guests with delicious dishes cooked on a fire.
The main principle of the design of a wooden porch is to respect its asymmetry. If a lamp hangs on one side of the front door, then you need to install the same lamp on the other side, thus improving the visual perception of the porch.
Installing wicker furniture on the porch will make the atmosphere more homey and comfortable for relaxing. In addition, such furniture is quite resistant to moisture and temperature changes, if there is a special protective layer on it.
If desired, sculptures made of stone and wood will be appropriate on the porch. And the installation of forged lanterns will complement the style of country style. Try to stick to smooth lines in the design of a wooden porch, since it is with the help that you will be able to bring the exterior as close as possible to the naturalistic design style.
Wooden porch photo:
The classic design of a wooden porch involves the use of a gable canopy, wooden railings and a small entrance area. A small flowerpot with flowers is installed at the entrance, and the overall style is not overloaded with details.
Making a carved porch is a complex option that requires a lot of effort to build it. Such a porch is massive and has a large platform. For its decoration, only wood is used, which is decorated with carvings in the form of drawings and patterns. Such a porch can be given special sophistication with the help of fresh flowers and carved railings.
The arrangement of a private house falls entirely on the shoulders of its owner, and therefore the question of how to build a porch with your own hands still does not lose its relevance. This element of the building is mandatory, as it allows you to ennoble the entrance to the room, provides convenient access to it, and also performs many more useful functions. So, let's take a closer look at how to build a porch.
Choice of location and materials
Building a porch in front of the entrance to the house with your own hands is one of the stages in the construction of almost any building. It is sometimes very difficult to do without this element. The porch is a platform in front of the front door, most often with steps. It can be completely open, completely or partially closed by a canopy.
The main functions of the porch:
- protects the room from water ingress during significant precipitation;
- provides convenient access to the front door, especially when it comes to a house with a high foundation;
- is part of the exterior of the building and plays an important role in the aesthetic plan;
- can serve as a place for a dining area or relaxation, storage, etc.
Before you decide to build a porch for a wooden or brick house, you need to determine its size, configuration and location. Basically, it is built in such a way that it has enough space not only to open the door, but also to equip the summer terrace. It may have a rectangular shape, contain roundings and protrusions. The door can be located both strictly in the center and away from the stairs.
The porch can be located not only from the main entrance. A platform with steps is also needed for an alternative exit to the backyard, if any.
A variety of materials for the construction of the porch of a private house
For the construction of the porch, the following materials are most often used:
- Wood. Aesthetic and easily processed material. Only hard rocks are used, since the structure is subjected to a large load and the influence of the external environment.
- Concrete. Strong and durable material, allows you to display any configuration for the porch. At the same time, it is important to use high-quality raw materials and reinforce individual sections when pouring concrete.
- Brick. alternative to concrete. It has a more noble appearance, it is convenient to work with it. However, the main elements are made of concrete and iron reinforcement.
- Metal. It is mainly used to strengthen flood areas and steps, as well as in the construction of external stairs and fences.
Calculations
Before you build a porch at the entrance to the house, you should at least roughly outline the area and scale of work. To do this, you need to identify the basic parameters of the porch. First of all, we are talking about its area. It is difficult to determine the optimal value, because it all depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe site available for construction. In general, there should be enough space on the porch to at least enter the house. Therefore, the distance from the opening to the fence should be taken as the basis.
The house always begins with a porch, this is its main entrance, this is its calling card, one might say. And, at the same time, the final chord of construction. Point in the work done. In addition, it has a purely functional purpose - protecting the entrance from wind, rain, snow, so it must be beautiful, comfortable, and durable. Of course, the design should not conflict with the design of the whole house. A powerful red brick building will look strange near a wooden house with carved shutters, for example. But a wooden object attached to a brick house can well serve as its decoration. If the house is small, then the porch should not be made a kind of monument that outweighs the proportions of a private house. And most importantly: a house without this element has an unfinished look.
How to build a porch for a private house with your own hands
There are a lot of options for construction and materials. Choose the most suitable for you, prepare everything you need and get to work.
Wooden
It is easy to assemble the design of such a porch
The simplest wooden structure can be made by yourself, even if there are no special skills in construction. Let's choose a structure first.
There are three main types: simplified, built-in and attached porch. A simplified design is a platform and a canopy over the entrance. Consider the most common option: a platform, steps and a protective visor, which is located above the door.
Porch option with a small terrace
Even for such an easy and simple structure, we need. It will not be difficult at all, because for such a wooden porch we can make a foundation of piles. We will impregnate the support bars with an antiseptic. Having calculated where the supports should be, we will dig holes under them to a depth of 80–90 cm. We immerse the supports in these holes strictly vertically, checking for level. At 30 cm, we fill the hole with gravel first, compact it tightly, then a layer of soil, and then concrete.
For the porch you need to make a foundation
After the cement is completely dry, you need to level all the supports in height, make cuts for spikes, sockets and other preparatory work.
Making steps
Now it's time to choose the bowstring on which the steps will be located. It is of two types: with embedded steps and with carved ledges. Since the second option is simpler, we will do it. Let's pick up a few thick edged boards for the bowstring and oblique angles. The length must be chosen in accordance with the number of steps. The rules here are simple: quantity:
Oblique angles are needed so that the steps have additional internal supports. On the first edged board, using a construction square, mark out the profile of the stairs. We cut off the excess and use the first board as a template for preparing the rest of the details.
The bowstrings are attached to the lags with a thorn-groove connection, for which a transverse board with selected grooves must be nailed to the lags, and spikes should be cut at the ends of the oblique angles and bowstrings. After the bowstrings and oblique angles are fixed on the logs, it is necessary to install their lower ends on a fortified and leveled platform. Now the frame of the future staircase for the porch is ready. It's time to lay the floor and steps. Boards for the floor of the site should be tried to be laid as tightly as possible so that cracks do not appear when drying out. After the site is ready, it is necessary to install risers and treads, which are also connected according to the “thorn-groove” principle, like the riser with a bowstring: this will give the joints the very rigidity that is needed. Here, in fact, everything is ready.
If there are more than three steps in the porch staircase, it is worth making a railing.
Installation steps
Concrete
concrete porch
We count materials. The volume of concrete required for pouring depends on the width and height of the structure, as well as on the number of steps. If we make concrete on our own, then we must remember that for 1 cubic meter. m of concrete is 340 kg of concrete, 1.05 cubic meters. m of sand and 0.86 cubic meters. m of rubble. It is also necessary to calculate the necessary waterproofing and fittings. If the frame is reinforcing, then 2 bars of reinforcement go to each step.
The porch of their concrete base
We make the foundation for the future porch. At the place where we will arrange the object, it is necessary to dig a small pit with a depth of 30–40 centimeters. We fill a layer of gravel 10 cm to the bottom and carefully tamp it down, a layer of sand on top, and then moisten it so that the sand completely clogs all the gaps between the gravel.
We make a frame formwork. We will install plank formwork on the sides. You can use plywood or chipboard for formwork. The main thing is that the formwork should follow the shape of the steps. We strengthen the formwork with the help of pegs and spacers. The formwork must be leveled in height and level. We cut pieces of boards equal to the length and width of the risers and nail them to the formwork itself. The entire formwork must be treated from the inside with a lubricant so that the concrete does not stick to the tree. Roofing felt must be laid down to waterproof the concrete.
Step-by-step actions for the construction of a concrete staircase
Please note: the steps of the stairs must be made with a slight slope so that water flows freely from them.
We reinforce the formwork. This is necessary so that the concreted sections have a rigid structure. It is better not to spare reinforcement during the construction of a concrete structure. Approximately 150 meters of reinforcing bars will go to a medium-sized porch. In order to make a canopy and railings in the future, it is necessary to leave outlets from the corner or pipes on each side.
Strapping preparation
We concrete. The prepared concrete solution is placed in the formwork. You need to start from the bottom step, evenly distributing the solution and constantly tamping. In no case should you leave empty spaces. After the entire formwork is filled, we level the surface and now it is necessary for the structure to dry for about a week. After that, you can remove the formwork and start finishing this object.
Staircase with forged elements
Metal with forged elements
A metal staircase can decorate both a brick and a wooden house. Starting to build a metal porch, you should also first make a sketch. With its help, it is easier to calculate the amount of material needed and avoid mistakes when installing parts.
A simple staircase with forging elements
Decide on the size of the stairs. It is necessary to calculate everything so that two people can safely disperse on it, and the steps are convenient for descent and ascent.
- the width of the stairs must be at least 1 meter;
- the number of steps is odd;
- stairs - from 26˚ to 45˚;
- the height of the steps should be from 12 to 20 cm;
- the width of each step is not less than 25 cm;
- the overhang of one step over the other should be about 30 mm.
Just like under any other, you need to lay it under a metal porch.
The metal structure consists of three elements: the staircase itself, the railing to it and the visor, the stairs are usually made from channels.
Arrangement of the entrance to the house
Consider one of the options for the design of a metal staircase, which we will do on our own. Let's prepare two channels equal in length to the future stairs. We put them on the width of the future stairs, say, 1 meter apart. Now you need to mark and cut the corner to the size of the step, not forgetting to make an allowance for the weld. We weld one end along the office to the channel. Then we take the next cut piece of the corner and weld it along the office to the previous corner, then to the channel. So gradually weld all the corners.
Installation of the base of the metal staircase
Now you can connect the L-shaped elements to each other with an equal angle. Please note that the bottom of each step is connected by a corner with a shelf outward. You can fill the steps with any suitable material: wood, porcelain stoneware, chipboard, plywood. It is better to fix with self-tapping screws and silicone glue.
Entrance staircase with canopy or closed
For such a porch, the foundation is especially important. Of course, it is best if it is planned along with the whole house. But there are often times when it is attached to an existing house, in which case we call it an "extension".
Seating area near the entrance to the house
Closed entrance to the house
One way or another, the extension is a fundamental structure. Therefore, having calculated the parameters of the glazed porch area, we fill the foundation under it. Of course, the glazed extension is not for permanent residence with heavy furniture. Therefore, the foundation can be made pile. After the foundation is prepared, all the strappings are made, the concrete is completely dry, you can lay out the walls. We choose the material so that it does not contradict the design of the house. Of course, this is a frame building. The frame can be made from wooden beams, from a metal profile. Some owners, wanting to make the porch more capital, lay out such a porch of brick, timber. If we talk about frame construction, then it is certainly cheaper and much easier to install.
Frame extensions are of two types: frame-panel and frame-frame. In the first case, the panels are already ready, you just need not be too lazy to assemble them; in the second case, the fitting is done on the spot.
The main work has been done. Now we need to do the glazing and the door. For glazing we use - wooden or plastic. We order the door with glass and according to the verified dimensions. We choose the stairs from all possible options.
The glazed porch-veranda is very convenient because in summer you can sit and drink tea in bad weather, and in winter, when you enter the house, you don’t drag snow with you.
Porch construction scheme
The steps should be 30 cm long and 16 cm high, but do not forget that when making the first step, it is necessary to take into account the addition of sand and tiles. Because of this, the first stage is always slightly higher than the others.
Brickwork in the construction of the porch
Very often, cinder blocks remain after construction. They can be laid in the foundation: it will be stronger, and we will dispose of the remains of cinder concrete.
We lay out the porch platform from the brick. At the same time, we also lay the side wall, which can immediately be overlaid with facing material - brick, for example. Gradually we form steps with the help of backing and face bricks. In the middle we lay out two rows of backing bricks, and lay out the outer part with a facing brick.
So, gradually form the rest of the steps. Do not forget to treat the brick with a special remedy for the appearance of salt stains. After the masonry is completed, we complete the construction or finishing bricks. For fastening we use special glue. We complete the construction of the visor device.
Video: building a brick porch
Arrange a small flower garden nearby, put a flowerpot or flowerpots with flowers. Add unusual cute little things to complete the look.
In most existing houses (with the exception of basements and basements), the mark of the clean floor of the lower floor, that is, the zero mark, is located at a distance of at least 40 cm from the ground surface. In order to get into the house, a staircase is required, above which it is logical to equip a canopy or visor to protect the extension and people from rain and snow. All these elements are combined into a single structure - the porch. The easiest way is to build a porch for a country house made of wood, but other materials can be used. It doesn’t matter that you decide to buy or build a porch to the house with your own hands, projects, photos will help you choose the right option.
Wooden porch with mini veranda Source cokee.org
The main types of porch designs
Along with its functional purpose, the porch also serves as an additional decoration of the house. As a result, there are a fairly large number of varieties of designs, but basically the division is based on the type of placement of the porch relative to the house - it can be:
built-in; when some part of the house is allocated for its placement in its middle or one of the corners, and the design of the stairs and the platform rests on the common foundation of the house;
speakers; when it is placed outside the perimeter of the outer walls, representing a free-standing extension; such a design rests on its own foundation; in some cases, it can be based on metal or reinforced concrete consoles, specially arranged in the foundation during the construction of the house.
Video description
Examples of various options for making a porch in the video:
What materials can a porch be made of?
Before you build a porch in a wooden house, first of all, you need to decide what it is best to make it from, because the design and material from which the porch is made must match the appearance of the facade of the house. Of course, a wooden porch is best suited for a wooden house, but if brick lining is used or the plinth is lined with stone, then the appropriate porch is suitable - brick or stone. The most commonly used porch materials are:
-
reinforced concrete;
brick, cinder block or massive stone blocks;
metal (for the device of load-bearing frames).
Also, combined options are often found. Source houzz.dk
What are the stairs
The porch staircase usually rests on a square or rectangular landing that is flush with the floors of the house. The site can be simple with a minimum area of 2 to 4 m² or expanded and have additional space for placing flowers or creating a small outdoor seating area.
Sometimes, at the level of the top of the basement of a country house, a gallery is arranged, which can adjoin the house from one side or encircle it from several sides. The porch can be part of such a gallery. If the porch has more than three steps, be sure to arrange a railing that goes into the fence of the site.
Porch steps can be adjacent to the site:
on one side (parallel to the facade);
on both sides (perpendicular to the facade);
from three sides (combining the 2 previous options); a special case - semicircular steps and a platform.
Open and closed porch
The porch can be open or closed. Open has only light railings. Closed has protection installed along its entire height from the floor to the visor. It can be made both solid and in the form of glazing. Which of these types is preferable depends on the taste of the owner and the design project of the country house.
Enclosed porch with panoramic windows Source beton-stroyka.ru
On the one hand, the glazed porch provides additional protection from wind, rain, heat loss, protects the structures of steps and platforms from adverse weather conditions, and prevents “uninvited guests” from entering the house. On the other hand, it requires additional costs for glazing, an additional door, and gratings.
In our catalog, you can get acquainted with the most popular companies providing suburban construction and landscaping, among the houses presented at the exhibition Low-rise Country.
When the porch area is extended and it is planned to use it for recreation, glazing will greatly interfere with unity with nature. In this case, it is better to choose an open porch. Also, an open porch sometimes looks preferable to a closed one from an aesthetic point of view, especially if the glazing is made of plastic windows.
Options for building a porch for the house
If the porch is made for a wooden house, then it is logical to use wood as a material. The supporting frame in this case is made of wooden elements, which are suitable for flat square or rectangular bars with a minimum width of 50 mm (50 x 50, 100 x 50, 100 x 100). With a kosour type, three sewn boards, at least 30 mm thick, can be taken as an inclined beam (the total width of the kosour will be about 90 mm).
Rounded logs can be used as stringers and steps Source beton-stroyka.ru
Porch for a log house
If a country house is built from chopped logs, its porch can be arranged in the same style. Such a chopped log porch will have log walls and board steps. The thickness of the board for the horizontal part of the step (tread) should, depending on the span (the width of the stairs), be chosen so that it is not unsteady and does not bend under a load of less than 150 kg. This can be checked by placing three fifty-kilogram bags of cement one on top of it in the middle.
The diameter of the logs must correspond to the diameter of the logs from which the house is cut down. The basis for the side walls can be concrete columns buried in the ground below the depth of its freezing and protruding above the surface to a height of 15-20 cm. The length of the logs must match the length of the horizontal projection of the site and stairs. Logs are stacked one on top of the other to the required height. If the porch is being built at the same time as the house, its ends facing the wall can be cut into it.
Massive porch made of chopped logs on a concrete pad source seattlehelpers.org
Otherwise, they are fastened to the wall and to each other from the inside with the help of corners, brackets, strips, etc. After laying and fixing the logs, stepping back from the wall to the length of the site, they start cutting vertical and horizontal sections from above for future treads and risers of the stairs . It is unlikely that it will be possible to buy such a plan for a porch for a country house made of metal in finished form. In most cases, this work is done under the order and individually.
Porch for a log bath
If the site has a bath with a floor above the ground, its entrance can also be arranged with a porch. To make such a porch from a bar for a bath would be the best option. From a bar, you can make a frame with rectangular or inclined (kosoura) elements. It is also easy to fold the side walls from the timber and cut out places for step supports in them.
A timber porch is most often done together with a veranda. source seattlehelpers.org
The nuances of arranging stairs
The treads and risers of a wooden staircase can be fixed to horizontal and vertical frame members. Such a system most often requires side cladding and protection, as a result of which an internal closed cavity is formed under the steps. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of access to such a cavity for its regular cleaning and inspection of the technical condition of the structures.
Also, steps are installed on special inclined beams - stringers. Stringers can be made both from metal rolled beams - I-beams, channels, and from wood.
Variant with combination of materials Source www.ar.pinterest.com
It is not recommended to use solid beams or logs as stringers. It is better if the stringers are made of 2-3 boards sewn together with screws or nails. This design is more resistant to bending stresses that occur in an inclined beam.
The design of the stairs on the stringers on the one hand rests on a platform with load-bearing horizontal support beams, which must also be metal or wooden. The beams, in turn, rest on the walls.
In the zone of conjugation of stringers and beams, vertical supports are arranged. Such supports must have their own support platforms and can be made of bricks in the form of columns with a cross section of 380 x 380 mm (1.5 bricks) or metal pipes with a diameter of 150-200 mm. On the opposite side of the beam, the platforms are supported on the wall with anchor bolts or brackets. The construction on the stringers is most often made open from below with the absence of a solid sheathing under the steps.
Open staircase on stringers Source forumhouse.ru
Before use, all wooden elements must be impregnated with antiseptics to protect against decay and mold, and also treated with flame retardants for fire safety. Metal parts are treated with anti-corrosion agents and protected with paint coatings, which may include bituminous varnish (black), minium (red-brown) or chromium oxide (green) on natural drying oil.
Video description
A few more options for stairs on the video:
Foundation for stairs or when a porch needs a foundation
The upper side of the ladder adjoins the wall of the house, and the lower side rests on the ground. To prevent damage to materials, depending on the weight of the ladder, its lower part is installed on a support platform or a full foundation.
Bulk support platform
Lightweight porches in the form of a spatial metal frame made of a rolled corner sheathed with a wooden board can be built according to a foundationless scheme, resting on one side on a system of anchor bolts installed in the wall of the house, and on the other side on a support platform.
To prepare such a platform, it is necessary to dig a pit in the ground at the place of support, with a width corresponding to two widths of the treads of the stairs. Its length should be no less than the width of the flight of stairs, and the depth should be 20-25 cm from the ground surface.
This pit should be covered with crushed stone in layers no more than 5 cm thick with layer-by-layer tamping. After crushed stone is backfilled, a flat area of asphalt concrete is arranged on top.
Light porch without foundation source seattlehelpers.org
Monolithic base
Another way to arrange a porch staircase in a private house, its steps and platforms is to use monolithic reinforced concrete. After the installation of inclined and horizontal beams, the formwork is sequentially placed for each of the steps, starting from the first, and poured with concrete of class B20-B25, (M250-M300). At the same time, stringers can be hidden in the body of concrete.
Reinforcement of the step itself is carried out in the inclined lower part with a mesh with mesh sizes of not more than 12 x 12 cm from rods with a diameter of at least 10 mm. The riser (vertical part) is reinforced with the same mesh. In the upper horizontal part, a mesh with cells of 10 x 10 cm made of reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm should be installed. A protective layer of concrete, more than 1 cm thick, must be provided between the reinforcement and the outer surface of the product.
Arrangement of a monolithic platform for the porch Source stroy-okey.ru
The fittings are connected to each other exclusively by knitting wire without the use of welding, so as not to break the molecular bonds in the metal.
Separate porch foundation
Brick, cinder block or blocks of natural stone are also used as the basis for steps. Inclined walls are made of brick or stone with supporting horizontal and vertical sections in the upper part, coinciding with the dimensions of the treads (horizontal parts) and risers (vertical parts) of the steps. For such a device steps, it is necessary to use strip foundations with the sole laid below the freezing depth of the soil (1.5-2.0 m). The steps themselves can be made of wood or reinforced concrete.
It is good if the foundation of the porch is carried out simultaneously with the foundation of the house. It is not recommended to rigidly connect the foundation of the protruding porch with the foundation of the house, since with uneven deformations of the soil base due to unequal loads in the steps and the platform, defects in the form of distortions and cracks may appear.
Heavy porch on the foundation Source misterdver.ru
Types and types of visors
Porch visors can vary in several ways:
in geometric form;
by material;
according to the method of fixing on the facade.
Peaks are single-pitched, double-pitched, in the form of a profile, which is the surface of a segment of a ball or ellipse, cut in diameter into 4 parts. Gable canopies triangular or arched in their central part form a small pediment.
It is better to choose a single-pitched visor for a porch with steps perpendicular to the facade, and with steps installed parallel to the facade - a gable one.
According to the coating material, the visors can be:
metal - from roofing galvanized sheet or profiled flooring;
plastic - made of durable plastic of different colors and profiles - smooth, wavy, etc .; plastic can vary in color from transparent to a wide variety of colors, from which it is easy to choose a shade to match the facade of the house;
wavy asbestos slate - conventional or painted with polymer compounds to increase its strength and durability.
Peaks are fixed on the facade with anchor bolts embedded in the wall.
Mounting the visor to the wall - Option 1 Source strojbum.ru
Fixing the canopy to the wall - Option 2 source seattlehelpers.org
External porch canopies are usually supported in the corners adjacent to the facade on metal or wooden triangular brackets, and in the corners far from the facade - on poles, which are wooden, metal or very rarely brick. In addition to supporting supports, they also perform a decorative function, as they can be finished and decorated in a wide variety of ways.
There are porches, in which the ceiling of the above-located balcony, decorated in the same style as the porch, serves as a visor.
Design and original ideas
Wood is a very convenient and easily processed material, therefore it can be used for the most free design solutions for decorating a wooden house. A wooden porch can be decorated with various carved elements of cornices and gables. Wood can be used to make chiseled and carved poles supporting the canopy and balusters (vertical railing posts), as well as the railing itself. An interesting porch for a wooden house will turn out if you use wicker mats made of reeds, vines or willow twigs for fences. A porch for a country house made of metal is suitable for almost any building, buy in this option both a classic no-frills design option and beautiful products with hand-forged fences with floral or abstract ornaments.
Video description
A selection of beautiful and original video solutions:
And a few examples in the photo:
Budget, but beautiful and neat porch Source landshaftnik.com
Glazed porch with a small staircase Source ko.decorexpro.com
There are no unnecessary details in this project - simple and tasteful Source pinterest.ru
A beautiful house has a beautiful entrance Source m.yandex.com
Despite the simplicity, to create such a veranda you need an accurate calculation. Source koces.trybahen.ru.net
Option to mask the space under the steps Source olestnicah.ru
Here, the steps and the veranda fit very harmoniously into the overall exterior. Source realestateinsalmon.com
The original solution - instead of the usual steps at the door, a full-fledged open veranda was made in front of the entrance. Source klindeck.ru
You can’t put such a porch in a house on stilts right away - you have to wait for the end of the shrinkage process of the log house. Source idachi.ru
Practical, modern and inexpensive option for an open veranda protected from the sun Source www.vorota-lepta.ru
Very beautiful decoration of the porch, plus night illumination of the steps Source olestnicah.ru
The original track device for a double-sided porch Source pinterest.com
How to be the porch of your house depends only on your own financial capabilities, taste, ability to listen to the advice of designers, architects and planners. If possible, it is worth trying to model a house with a porch in some kind of computer design program. This approach makes it possible to most consciously choose the appropriate type of porch and the materials from which it will be made.
The porch is an obligatory element of the entrance part of the building and its "business card". The desire to decorate your own home, taking into account fashion trends and personal taste preferences, is inherent in almost everyone. The design of the porch of a private house should emphasize the integrity of the entire structure and make it more attractive. There are many options for decorating the entrance part of the building, so we suggest that you consider the most popular and interesting of them.
wooden porch
The most popular option is the installation of wooden flooring on the porch. In most cases, such structures are made from pine wood, as the most inexpensive and popular natural raw material. If the porch is properly sealed, varnished and painted, it will look attractive for many years.
This is an actual way to decorate the facade, which is decorated in country style. This design can be supplemented with wood-based porch decor, which will bring the atmosphere of a country cottage. Wood can be supplemented with stone, which is relevant not only for country style. In suburban private buildings, these two materials look quite harmonious together and are suitable for finishing scaffolds, doors and use as a decor.
Concrete porch
Concrete is considered a versatile material that is cheap and reliable, and is also optimal for making a porch. This is a monolithic structure that will not begin to stagger over time, which is sometimes inherent in wooden products. In addition, it can be easily repaired and decorated with any decor. Do not forget that the concrete porch can be of various shapes, which will not particularly affect the price and the amount of time to complete the task.
Concrete structures can be decorated with tiles, for example, clinker tiles. There are options trimmed with stone, and also painted with paint, and processed with other materials. In modern buildings with a facade of wood, brick or siding, a concrete porch can be left without additional coverage. This allows you to emphasize the features of the texture of the walls and their colors.
brick porch
A brick porch is a more expensive option than the previous ones, but it also looks attractive and is considered a fairly reliable solution for decorating a house. Installation of the structure may take more time and require serious effort, but in the future the work will pay off with a vengeance, since it does not require additional care.
Often, a brick porch has a concrete base or a step covering based on other materials. There are options with laying tiles on the steps. It looks at home, inspires confidence and adds reliability to the building. But be careful, as any step covering you choose should not be slippery, otherwise this area will become potentially dangerous in the cold season due to snow and ice.
stone porch
Natural stone is considered a classic option. Such raw materials are durable, presentable and durable, which is especially important. There are many varieties of stone, with some suitable for the base, and a number of others for creating decorative elements (and the raw materials for making the base will cost much more). Although, in general, all types of stone are able to withstand adverse weather conditions, and it will not require additional maintenance for a long time.
If the building is stone, then you can fit a porch with columns into the overall structure. Natural stone can be combined with monumental elements. Such a composition will look harmonious.
Metal and wrought iron porch
Usually, when they talk about a forged or metal porch, they mean decorative parts of the structure - canopies, railings, steps, which are made on the basis of metal. But sometimes a completely metal porch is installed in a private house.
The main advantage that such structures have is increased strength and durability. However, you will have to constantly paint and treat the porch so that it does not deteriorate due to corrosion. Moreover, the metal floor will be cold enough, so it is not suitable for arranging a terrace. The latter option requires a concrete base or wood flooring on a metal base.
Porch with canopy
In most cases, canopies, as it were, continue the roof and, together with the porch, perform an important function of protection from the effects of precipitation and solar radiation. This is a great option for arranging a comfortable entrance to the building.
If the building has architectural features that will not allow a canopy to be installed over the main entrance, even a small one, replace it with a canopy. Such a detail will not only partially perform the functions of a canopy, but will also be able to diversify the appearance of the building, and if you choose the product correctly or make it in an original way, it will become a real decoration of the exterior.
Even a small visor can make the entrance to a private house more presentable. The shade from it can protect from the sun, as well as save from streams of water during rain, if you open the doors or wait for the car.
Porch with steps and railings
If the house has a high foundation and steps can be installed that will lead to the main entrance, the installation of railings will be relevant. This design will make the exterior of the building appear safer and more stable, and will also serve a very specific function and help residents and visitors enter the house in bad weather.
This is the traditional way of decorating the entrance to the building. It can be combined with a canopy or canopy, as well as additionally decorated with various designs to make the composition look complete.
