Modern building technologies and roofing materials allow developers to obtain a completely high-quality and durable roof with relatively small financial losses.
But in order to have the expected end result, several conditions must be met.
- Choosing the right roofing material, taking into account the features of the truss system. The more complex the roof, the more non-productive waste from sheet roofing materials, in some cases it can reach 15%. This has a negative impact on the final estimated cost of the roof, for them it is better to select piece cheap price segment or flexible roofing materials.
- Pre-calculate the cost of installation. Most specialist companies and professional construction crews make long estimates of their work only as a distraction. They calculate the final price of services simply - within 60-80% of the cost of materials. For very complex roofs, a special coefficient is applied. If there is a desire to have a cheap coating, then it is recommended to make simple designs of truss systems with a minimum number of various architectural elements on their surfaces.
- Realistically assess your own qualifications. It is very difficult to cover the roof with your own hands without practical experience in performing construction work. The results of such actions can be significant losses and the need to redo the roof. Sometimes it is better to invite an experienced roofer to help and be his assistant than to allow marriage during roofing. Moreover, it is very difficult and time-consuming to cover houses alone; safety regulations prohibit doing such work.
It is important to remember that a cheap roof is not one that requires minimal financial resources to cover. Two other very important factors must be taken into account: the duration of operation and the cost of periodic maintenance. There is no savings in using very cheap roofing materials if such a roof has to be serviced frequently and then completely replaced after a few years.
For example, if the price of an expensive roof is five times higher than the cost of a cheap one, but its service life is ten times longer, then it is cheaper to use expensive roofing. You can invest 50 thousand rubles in the roof, but it will be operated for 10 years, or you can invest 200 thousand rubles. and serve for 50 years. In the first case, the cost of one year of operation is 5 thousand rubles, and in the second case, 4 thousand rubles. The result of an expensive roof is a direct financial savings in the amount of one thousand rubles annually. In addition to material benefits, one should also consider beautiful appearance, ease of maintenance, etc. Smart Europeans say that they are not rich enough to buy cheap roofing materials.
In this article, we will look at the options for the cheapest house coverings based on the fact that developers at the moment have financial difficulties and cover the roof temporarily in order to solve financial problems in a few years and replace temporary roofing.
Modern manufacturers produce a wide variety of different types of the same type of material. In terms of cost and durability, they differ at times, or even an order of magnitude. The comparison table will indicate the technical parameters and cost of the cheapest types of roofing materials of each type.
| Name | Approximate cost, rub./m2 | Warranty period of operation, years |
|---|---|---|
| 300 | 10 |
| 250 | 30 |
| 330 | 15 |
| 360 | 15 |
| 400 | 15 |
Materials for inclined truss systems were considered. Flat roofs are extremely rarely used on private houses, and then only on exclusive expensive buildings. Flat roofs are used on them, coatings, respectively, are very expensive.
It is considered one of the cheapest roofing materials, the commercial name is euroslate. True, manufacturers do not specify that such slate in Europe is used only for arranging the roofs of outbuildings; it is not found in residential buildings.
It is made from secondary raw materials (waste paper) and paper production waste (substandard cellulose), modified bitumen is used as a waterproof impregnation. To change the color of the surface, they are painted with stable dyes. More expensive types of ondulin are dyed during sheet pressing, mineral dyes are added to the mass. At the final stage, stone chips can be glued to the surface.
The shape of ondulin resembles wavy slate. It is wavy coatings that have the highest performance characteristics - maximum strength with minimum thickness, greater resistance to bending loads, minimal risks of leakage, stability of the direction of water drainage.
Cheap varieties of ondulin have an extremely limited service life, due to exposure to ultraviolet rays, bitumen loses its plasticity, microcracks appear on the surface, gradually increasing in size, the base breaks and leaks appear. The surface changes color, lichens and mosses quickly develop on it. The edges of the sheets are deformed and bent, the appearance and tightness of the roof deteriorate significantly.
Prices for various types of ondulin
Traditional material, recently banned in developed countries for use. The reason is that asbestos accumulates in the body and has carcinogenic properties. Such statements are very doubtful, many millions of our compatriots have been living in houses under a slate roof for decades, and for this reason no sharp surges in cancer have been observed.
The service life is 30 years, but in practice it serves 50 or more. Resistant to aggressive chemical compounds, including urban smog. Modern slate is produced with a wide range of colors - it is possible to improve the design look of the house.
The cost is unmatched, it is considered the cheapest option. Sheets can have 6-8 waves, thickness up to 5 mm.
Like all roofing materials, slate has a number of disadvantages.
Asbestos-cement corrugated slate is not widely popular; it is installed on cheap rural buildings.
Calculator for calculating the amount of slate per roof
The roof is one of the most important parts of the house, since the life of the entire building depends on the strength and durability of the roofing. Therefore, it is very important to carefully consider the choice of coverage. For some, the question of which roof is cheaper is more important, for others, design and aesthetics, value for money are more important.
It is necessary to study the properties and features of different types of coatings in order to make a choice. The roof must be a thermal insulator, protected from moisture and bad weather, and meet all fire safety standards.
Roofs are divided into two types:
- pitched;
Pitched roofs can be warm or cold, with or without an attic. In a private house, an attic-type pitched roof is most often used, since it is very convenient to equip it for additional living rooms, storage or a ventilation room. Sheds, garages, and other outbuildings are usually covered with a flat roof. Also in a residential building, you can equip such a roof, on top of which you can make a cozy terrace.
How to choose a roof
In order to choose the right type of roof for the house, it is also necessary to take into account the weather conditions in the area where the future house is being built.
For areas with heavy snowfalls, a gable roof is more suitable, since precipitation will be better removed from it. A flatter roof is suitable for windy areas, as it has less windage.
However, many prefer a pitched roof, as it gives the house a solid look, makes it proportional, and it is possible to create an attic floor. To create a gable roof, it is better to call specialists, since such work is more complicated and requires great accuracy in order for the roof to be reliable. This type of roof puts less pressure on the floors.
If the issue of price and quality is more important, then a shed or flat roof is much cheaper and easier to install.
Material selection
The consumption of material depends on the design of the roof, but approximately the same amount will be required for both a single-pitched and a double-pitched roof.
When choosing a material for a roof, it is important to know the design of the roof, the main components:
- The basis of a roof structure, consisting of beams, trusses or rafters.
- The base of the roof is a lattice or solid.
- Heater or insulator.
- Roof covering.
Rafters and trusses are the main frame for the roof, they need to be chosen thoroughly, but it is better to entrust the work to professionals. The rafters take on the entire load, distribute it over the lower structures, along the walls and supports. With a heavier and more massive structure, a wooden truss frame will be more expensive than a lighter one for soft coverage. The base of the roof is made depending on the type of coating. If this is a rolled or soft roofing, then it is better to make a solid base.
When using tiles, you can make a mesh base. Which coating is better, everyone individually selects for himself according to his needs, aesthetic appearance, strength and durability of the material, the waterproofness of the roof, thermal insulation, as well as the financial possibilities to equip the necessary roof are also important.
In this regard, you need to consider budget options for roofing. In this case, the quality will be in second place after the price.
Rolled polymer material is well suited for flat roofs when aesthetics are not relevant. In this way, you can also cover a pitched roof, if you fix it on top of the plank with roofing nails. The basis for this coating is fiberglass to insulate heat, moisture and sounds.
Also, a budget option for finishing the roof is ondulin coating. Although it can warp under the influence of weather conditions, this coating is quite popular.
Further it should be noted metal tile, corrugated board. The color scheme of this material is very diverse, all components for installing the roof are supplied in the kit. Of the minuses of this material, one can single out its poor sound insulation, for example, if it is raining. But this is easy to fix by making a backing of polyethylene foam.
It is important to make good thermal insulation of the roof to protect the entire building from temperature extremes. In most cases, glass wool is used for this. One of the cheapest materials today is foam plastic, but this material is quite fragile and has low sound insulation. In this case, glass wool has a number of advantages, since it does not burn, is not affected by temperatures, does not stretch or shrink over time.
Roof waterproofing is easy to do with vapor barrier film and non-woven polypropylene.
It is better not to use too cheap materials for the roof, as they are usually not environmentally friendly, and this will damage the health of the occupants in the new house.
The roof must be made solid and reliable, otherwise the rest of the structure will not last long.
Video
This video provides an example of calculating the cost of building a roof.
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As you know, a competent choice of roofing material is the key to a reliable and strong roof. Today, this issue is very relevant, since a huge range of roofing implies the presence of a mass of options that differ from each other in appearance, quality characteristics and price. When deciding how best to cover the roof of a house, you should take into account some parameters that allow you to determine which of the roofing will be more suitable. From the roofing flooring of this category, perhaps only ondulin, which is a wavy slate, can be distinguished. It has a fairly wide range of positive qualities, besides it endures high temperatures. In addition, the affordable cost of ondulin makes its use on the roof quite acceptable. Mounting this coating is not at all difficult, which also applies to its positive aspects.
Another popular option for roofing material is slate. In terms of quality and price, this coating is very good, since, at its quite affordable cost, the technical characteristics of the material are quite good.
Technical characteristics of roofing
When building a private house, the use of ondulin is quite acceptable due to its low cost, good quality and very light weight. The basis for the creation of ondulin is a bitumen-based solution and fiberglass, due to which the coating, although it turns out to be reliable, is not able to endure significant temperature changes. For such a flooring, it will be necessary to install a continuous crate system so that the ondulin sheets do not deform and remain reliable.
Roofing felt is an excellent option for temporary roofing. Bituminous mortar and cardboard take part in its manufacture, from which it becomes clear that the strength and fire resistance of the material are extremely low (read: "").
When answering the question of what is better to cover, we can say that the use of slate is a very good solution. It endures bad weather and mechanical loads, and the low cost has made this material almost the most popular. Perhaps the main drawback of slate is its unaesthetic appearance, since this criterion is often the number one requirement today.
Another roofing covering with a mass of varieties is tiles. In total, there are five main types of it, and each of them is different in its own way.
Roof tiles are of the following types:
- Natural tiles, the raw material for the manufacture of which is durable stone rock. Provided that all the requirements and conditions necessary for installation have been met, such tiles can last a very long time. The material has excellent resistance to any kind of impact, so that its durability is fully felt. The main disadvantages of this flooring are too much weight and the high cost of both the material itself and its installation.
- Sand-cement tiles. If you decide on what material it is better to cover the roof with, it is quite possible to use this coating, which outwardly almost does not differ from natural tiles. But in view of the greater fragility of this material, it must be transported and stacked carefully. One of the main advantages of the material is its affordable cost.
- The most common type of tile is metal tile. Its main advantages are low cost, light weight of the material and ease of installation, if understood, since the dimensions of the metal tile sheet are large. Before, it is important to make correct calculations.
- Bitumen shingles related to soft roofing. With its help, you can equip even the most complex sections of the roof without spending a lot of time and without special material costs. The main disadvantages of bituminous tiles are the need for a continuous crate, as well as poor resistance to natural influences.
- Clay tiles, less and less used in modern construction due to a number of reasons. Therefore, without clear data on how best to cover the roof of a house, you should use the most convenient and at the same time high-quality option for sheltering a house.
You can also pay attention to such recently popular material as euroslate. Due to its lightness, the installation of euroslate does not pose any difficulties and is carried out quickly, without requiring a large amount of labor. The insulating properties of the rabbit structure will also improve.
Resistance to damage of any nature makes the life of the slate even longer. In addition, the appearance of the coating also meets all modern standards and allows specialists to bring to life almost any design decision regarding the installation of the roof.
The choice of roofing materials
When choosing a roof covering, one should not forget, first of all, about the functions that it is designed to perform, as well as about comparing standard criteria. These criteria include the combination of coating with the walls of the house in color, the quality of the flooring used, as well as its price.
Coatings for buildings of economic and technical type
The construction of any private house, of course, implies the presence on its site of special buildings of a technical and economic type, the roof of which should also be equipped in accordance with all the rules. However, for these structures, roofing can be chosen inexpensively, guided by practicality and at the same time reliability. Such materials include standard slate, the technical characteristics of which are quite normal, and the cost is absolutely acceptable.
It happens that the appearance of the material does not harmonize well with the design of the site. To do this, it is recommended to paint the slate with a special paint, which can not only give the structure aesthetics, but also provide the roof with additional protection from external influences.
Drawing a conclusion from the foregoing, it is safe to say that the roofing should be selected solely in accordance with the individual characteristics of each specific roof structure. The necessary knowledge of the characteristics of all materials will help to make the best choice, the most suitable for each owner in terms of price and quality. If desired, any information about the types of roofing with photo samples and detailed videos of their installation can be easily found on the Internet on specialized construction sites and forums. This is the best solution for a particular roof.
What should be considered when choosing materials?
When deciding which material is better to cover the roof, it is recommended to be guided by the following criteria:
- variety of material forms;
- color gamut ratio;
- the weight of the entire roof (for the construction of a supporting roof frame);
- the price of the coating and its laying;
- indicators of reliability and quality of the coating.
The weight that the roofing has is a very important parameter that must be taken into account when building a house, since a properly distributed load on the roof support system and the roof itself will significantly increase the reliability and service life of the entire structure as a whole. For this reason, any calculations designed to calculate the load-bearing capacity of the roof must be carried out even before the purchase of a particular roofing material.
Therefore, when choosing the better to cover the roof of a house, each of the characteristics of the roofing material used in the installation process should be taken into account.
A widespread coating today is a soft roof, the basis for the manufacture of which is bituminous materials or roofing material. Such a roofing deck will be optimal as a temporary covering or covering for technical or utility rooms where the roofing systems are flat (more: ""). The main disadvantages of such a material are poor resistance to natural and mechanical influences and a short service life.
The appearance of the house and the period of its operation largely depend on the quality of the roof - the strength of the truss system and the reliability of the building envelope, which is called the roof. Therefore, when planning to equip a roof, it would not be bad to know its structure, types of roofing and their characteristics, as well as installation technologies. This will help to avoid mistakes during construction and will give confidence that the roof over your head will not have to be repaired annually. Today we will talk about modern covering materials, we will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each so that you have a general idea of which one is better to use and when.
Roofing functions
The truss system after its construction is started. The filling - a roofing cake - consists of insulating materials, a metal or wooden base for coating and an upper covering flooring, which performs two functions: protective and decorative.
Roof - the enclosing part of the roof, which protects the house from atmospheric precipitation, heat loss, ultraviolet radiation and gives it an attractive appearance
It is on the covering material that the main climatic loads and the vagaries of the weather fall. It is a barrier between atmospheric negative effects on the roof and all underlying layers, keeping the latter from damage and destruction. But, in order to fulfill the full protective function, the roofing material must meet all the requirements of operation in accordance with the purpose of the building, the configuration of the roof and local weather conditions. For example, in industrial regions, metal tiles should be chosen with care, since the polymeric protective layers on some of its types are not very resistant to acid rain, which is typical for industrial areas.
Roofing made of metal tiles looks aesthetically pleasing, stylish and fashionable, however, not all types of metal tiles can be used near industrial facilities where there is a high probability of acid rain
Basic requirements for covering materials:
- low water absorption;
- high frost resistance;
- minimal susceptibility to ultraviolet and chemical agents.
All other parameters - longevity, environmental friendliness, strength, fire safety - depend on the composition of the material and its proper installation.
As for the decorative function, here, too, one must be guided by expediency. For example, in a hot climate, bituminous tiles will be a lot of trouble, since bitumen is able to soften under the sun's rays, but metal or natural coatings are ideal. But again, if preference is given to metal, then humidity must also be taken into account. In coastal areas, aluminum will last much less than, say, steel.
Bituminous coating looks very attractive on the roofs and facades of houses, however, due to its properties, it is more suitable for use in temperate climates.
That is, there are many nuances, so you need to think about choosing a covering flooring at the initial stages of construction in order to avoid alterations, reinforcements and adjustments of load-bearing structures in the future, which will be very expensive and not always possible. Or, on the contrary, do not overpay for the construction of a powerful frame for light roofing, although the division of roofing materials into light and heavy is a relative concept.
Remember one figure - 200 kg / m². That is how much, according to existing standards, any roofing structure must withstand, regardless of the weight of the covering material itself.
This includes wind and snow loads for central Russia plus the necessary margin of safety. It is this value that you need to focus on when calculating the foundation and load-bearing walls.
Many people think that when choosing a light coating, the pressure on the truss system will be less, which means that you can save on all load-bearing elements. Let's calculate - for a small roof of 50 m², the total load on the rafters will be 200X50 \u003d 10,000 kg. Impressive 10-ton overhead structure? This is without the weight of the truss system and covering material. And if you did not take into account these tons when designing, then the supporting structure of the house will not withstand even an ultra-light covering flooring. And with the dream of a natural coating, you will have to say goodbye at all.
In addition, there is another very tricky point that few people pay attention to when choosing - the thermal conductivity of the material. And this is a very interesting indicator that forms a cozy microclimate in the house and allows you to reduce energy costs. Let's explain in more detail. Thermal conductivity - the ability of a material to conduct heat from a heated surface to a cold one.
Therefore, in any case, coatings with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity are economically advantageous.
In summer, the covering material heats up and transfers heat to unheated rooms. In winter, on the contrary - from heated rooms to cold flooring. And when the roof is covered with materials such as copper with a thermal conductivity of 380-407 W / m * C, aluminum (200-221), steel (60), titanium-zinc or metal tiles, very good thermal insulation is required, which is not cheap, and weighs a lot.
A futuristic titanium-zinc roof is certainly a high style in modern architecture, however, due to the high thermal conductivity of titanium-zinc, without a properly calculated insulating layer, the house is doomed to large heat losses
Otherwise, in the winter you will heat the street, and in the summer you will be exhausted from the heat or install expensive climate equipment. However, it will not help much, but it will consume a lot of electricity. And for non-insulated roof structures, such materials are not at all suitable, since heat losses for the entire heating season will be fabulous. For cold roofs, slate, ceramic, concrete tiles, euro slate, straw, rubber, glass, wooden or bituminous shingles are perfect.
Roofs made of wood and euroslate have excellent heat and sound insulation, which is why they perfectly maintain optimal thermal conditions and silence in the house.
Roofing and the main stages of installation
Despite the variety of modern coatings, the arrangement of roofs for a country house, a city cottage or a summer residence is not much different. The support for everyone is the truss system, and the installation method depends on the type of covering material.
Combine their general rules for the design:
- The ridge of the roof should be a beam lying strictly horizontally. To ensure a clear horizontal ridge, after the construction of the truss system, you need to check the geometry of the slopes. The appearance of the house, the likelihood of leaks, the speed of laying and the economical consumption of materials depend on this. In addition, gable structures should have slopes in the form of a regular rectangle, and hip structures should have an isosceles trapezoid and a triangle. The crate will give the slopes a squareness, it will also hide minor distortions of the load-bearing elements of the house - up to 6 cm.
- Before laying the base material at the junctions and valleys, the continuous lathing should be covered with galvanized roofing.
Elemental estimated norms provide for laying special additional products or a galvanized sheet 600 mm wide along a continuous crate in the places of valleys and junctions, fixing it with galvanized nails
- The lower beam of the lathing must be higher than the other laths by the thickness of the roofing material. This will provide a low point of support and prevent sagging of the covering deck at the eaves.
To avoid sagging of the protrusion of the covering material, the first board of the crate is made thicker than the others.
- All roofing decks are laid against the rain flow - from the bottom up, and some types are also opposite to the prevailing winds - wave sheets, for example.
- For attic structures, it is necessary to lay additional waterproofing from roofing, PE film or roofing material. For cold roofs, extra waterproofing does not hurt, but it is not necessary.
- When installing insulated roofs, it is necessary to arrange an air vent of about 2-5 cm between the crate and the insulation in order to prevent the saturation of the heat insulator with moisture.
The main stages of installation:
- Roof measurement and materials calculation.
- Construction of the truss system.
The truss system ensures the rigidity of the roof structure, therefore, the reliability of the roof, longevity and the ability to withstand any impact depend on its calculation.
- Checking the geometry of the slopes.
- Installation of cornice strip, frontal board and holders for gutters.
One of the cogs of a well-coordinated roof frame is a frontal board installed on the ends of the rafters in the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof eaves
- Installation of skylights and dormer windows.
- Laying waterproofing along the upper edge of the rafters.
When arranging any roofs, waterproofing material is laid to protect the insulation and supporting structures from atmospheric moisture and condensate.
- Stuffing of counters and crates.
- Roof covering.
The specifics of laying the roofing depends on the type of covering material and is specified by the manufacturers.
- Arrangement of the butt, ridge, ribs, valleys, exits and junctions.
It is advisable to finish the chimney before laying the main coating, which will prevent possible damage and contamination of the material.
- Installation from the attic side of all insulating materials and filing the ceiling.
The insulation must fit snugly against the rafters and external walls in order to avoid "cold bridges" and significant heat loss.
- Installation of a drain and registration of overhangs.
Gutter installation is a necessary solution to the problem of water drainage from the roof.
- Arrangement of anti-icing system, lightning protection mesh, installation of snow retainers.
Installation of snow retainers prevents snow from avalanching off the roof
Don't forget about safety. When installing a roof, you should not tempt fate and arrange stunt tricks. It is better to provide navigation bridges and ladders.
The filling of the rafter system - the roofing pie - is also almost the same for all coatings. Sometimes some layers are added, and some are removed, replaced or moved (inversion roofing). All the nuances are specified by the manufacturers of covering materials in the instructions, as well as the laying mechanism.
A standard roofing pie looks like this:
Types of roofing materials
In order to systematize the variety of roofing materials and make it easier for the consumer to choose, they are conditionally grouped according to several main features: according to the form of release, the composition of the feedstock and the presence of a base - the main ones based on fiberglass, polyester, cardboard, fiberglass or foil and baseless.
Depending on the composition, roofing decks are:
- organic - modified bitumen, tar, polymers, wood;
- silicate coatings - asbestos cement and tiles;
- and metal roofs - steel, copper, zinc, aluminum.
By appearance and size, covering materials are divided into:
- on sheet materials - designed to quickly cover large areas;
Roofs made of corrugated board are considered economical and durable, but, like all metal coatings, they have a significant drawback - high thermal and electrical conductivity.
- piece products - they are distinguished by prestige and give a luxurious look to the roof;
Elite slate coating is remarkable for its amazing beauty, high strength and durability, but it is very expensive and heavy.
- bulk / mastic - form a seamless sealed flooring;
Self-leveling roofing is a waterproofing coating that forms an elastic and dense membrane on the roof surface.
- as well as rolled - universal materials that are great for flat and pitched structures.
Roll coatings are the most common among economy-class covering materials, and due to innovative technologies, they are very stylish.
The classification according to the form of release, where each group combines products similar in properties and installation features, is the most complete and it is advisable to view it before choosing in order to have an idea about a future purchase. Let's take a closer look at each group and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the materials included in it.
Video: types of roofs
Sheet roofing
Sheet roofing is widely distributed in the domestic market due to its ease of installation, durability, depending on the production technology, and performance properties balanced with cost.
metal tile
These are multi-layered large sheets of galvanized steel with a transverse wave section, similar from a distance to natural ceramics. From above, the sheets are covered with a protective polymer composition - pural, plastisol, polyester or natural chips - which determines the appearance of the material, its durability and price.
Advantages of a metal tile:
Cons of metal tiles:
The leading manufacturers are Ruukki (Finland), Grand Line (Russia), Metalloprofil (Russia), Pelti ja Rauta (Finland), Mera System (Sweden), Stynergy (Russia). The price of a metal tile varies from 260 (economy) to 600 rubles / m² (premium products).
Video: review of metal tiles
metal profile
Modern corrugated board is an attractive budget material with good performance, the main feature of which is the gutter grooves along the edge of the sheet (product marking R). For the most part, the metal profile has found application in the arrangement of fences and fences, agro-industrial and shopping complexes, garages and outbuildings. They are rarely covered at home, although various colors, a matte or glossy finish make it possible to choose a metal profile for any exterior.
Roofs made of corrugated board are resistant to temperature extremes, precipitation and ignition, and also have high anti-corrosion performance provided by the polymer coating of corrugated sheets
The advantages and disadvantages of corrugated board are the same as those of metal tiles. Nevertheless, the metal profile:
All this is a definite plus, as it gives scope for design imagination, reduces the consumption of materials and the cost of installation work. In addition, metal profile sheets have good anti-corrosion, rigidity and resistance to aggressive environments.
The main suppliers of corrugated board are Ruukki (France), the metallurgical concern Dongbu Steel (South Korea), whose secret is the offset printing technique that allows applying a protective coating with a pattern on a galvanized sheet, Blachy Pruszynski (Poland), Metalloprofil (Russia), " Grand Line (Russia), Eugene (Russia), Stynergy (Russia).
The service life of corrugated board is from 1 year to 30 years, depending on the quality of the colored polymer coating, and the price is mainly proportional to the thickness of the zinc layer - from 160 rubles / m² with reduced galvanizing (80–100 g / m²) to 900 rubles / m² ( with a zinc layer of 140–275 g/m²).
Video: how to choose corrugated board
Ondulin
Euroslate (ondulin) consists of cellulose fibers impregnated with bitumen and coated on top with thermite resins or mineral compounds, which increase the moisture resistance of the material and resistance to negative atmospheric influences.
In the production of ondulin, cellulose fibers under high pressure acquire a perfect look and amazing strength.
Until recently, ondulin was mostly used to cover small architectural buildings, however, the flexibility of the material and the ability to freely cover roofs of complex shape, its naturalness, lightness and color saturation are increasingly attracting the attention of owners of private houses. And for good reason - among sheet materials euroslate more than others meets the requirements for the arrangement of high-quality roofing.
The ability to choose the desired color harmony with the facade makes ondulin a popular covering material
Advantages of bituminous slate:
- the lightness of the material, due to which it can be laid when replacing the roof with an old slate or metal coating;
- heat resistance - at 110 ºC does not change shape if not subjected to stress;
- low thermal conductivity;
- good sound insulation and water resistance;
- environmental Safety;
- UV resistance - ondulin sheets burn out evenly, so that the harmful effects of the sun are not noticeable for a long time, but if we compare the slopes from the south and north sides, the color difference is discernible after the first season;
- high strength - calmly withstands loads up to 960 kgf / m², and wind force up to 354 km / h.
Cons of ondulin:
- vulnerability to sudden temperature fluctuations, moss and fungus;
- low class of fire safety.
The main producers of euroslate are: Onduline (France), which has production facilities in Russia, Corrubit (Turkey), Bituwell (Germany), Aqualine (Belgium), Nuline (USA). The cost of ondulin is from 200 rubles / m². The service life is about 30–40 years, but manufacturers only guarantee the water resistance of the material for 15 years, and then under the specified conditions.
Video: do-it-yourself ondulin roofing
Slate
Slate is an asbestos-cement flat or wave sheet. It occupies a strong position in the roofing materials market, due to its characteristics:
The main drawback of slate is the presence of asbestos, which is a carcinogen that causes many serious diseases, which is why ordinary slate is banned in Europe for use. Its analogue, chrysotile slate, has proven itself well, as it is safer for the health of others, thanks to which they are willingly covered with roofs of residential buildings.
Deposits of chrysotile asbestos are located in Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Canada, Central Asia, which are its main suppliers to the market. Among domestic manufacturers, the products of Kombinat Volna LLC, Bryansk Asbestos Cement Plant LLC, Belatsi OJSC, Lato, Orenburg Minerals, and Fibrotek are in demand. Shelf life for slate roofing is up to 30 years.
Video: slate is an excellent roofing material
seam roof
Coatings made of non-ferrous metals are certainly very beautiful and stylish, as well as reliable in terms of water resistance due to the special seam connection of the panels.
Seam roofing is the most modernized and durable way to protect your home from the negative effects of any weather conditions.
The main advantages are durability (50–150 years) and tightness. However, there is a huge minus - high thermal conductivity. For example, for galvanizing with a thickness of 0.5 mm (0.0005 m) and thermal conductivity of steel 60 W / m * C, the heat transfer resistance will be only 0.0005: 60 = 0.000008, and for copper even less - 0.000001 . While the minimum required resistance according to SNiP II-3-79 and 23-02-2003 is 1.79 m² * ° C / W and is provided for the southern regions (Sochi). Therefore, seam roofs, like metal-tile or metal-profile ones, need a very good compensator.
Heat transfer resistance reflects the heat-shielding properties of the enclosing structure, and all requirements governing heat transfer resistance according to SNiP are divided by region
In this regard, a folded roof made of galvanized steel will be the most economical in terms of cost and energy consumption during its operation. One square meter of such a roof will cost about 2,000 rubles (160 rubles / m² for steel, plus painting and installation). Copper and aluminum roofing - from 500 to 3000 rubles / m² and titanium-zinc Rheinzink - more than 3500 rubles / m² only for the material.
A huge choice of colors for aluminum, as well as the noble patina of copper and titanium-zinc, make such coatings exceptional in beauty and aesthetics.
In addition, seam roofs:
- because of the smoothness of the slopes, they do not hold back the snow, which is why it descends like an avalanche, so it is necessary to install snow retainers;
- they accumulate a static charge well, which will require the arrangement of lightning protection;
- and are distinguished by low resistance to mechanical stress - you need to move very carefully on such a roof.
The leading manufacturers of seam sheets are the Grand Line plant (Russia), the Prushinski company, Imada Production Association (Belarus), Ruukki (Finland, Estonia), the KME Group concern (Germany), which specializes in copper roofing. As well as Prefa (Austria), French software Alcoa, Rheinzink (Germany) and the Kalzip business unit, which has no equal in the production of aluminum roofs and facades.
Video: advantages of seam roofing
Polycarbonate roof
The main task of transparent roofs is to provide additional natural light inside the house. In this regard, the following requirements are imposed on translucent materials:
All this requirement among translucent materials is most consistent with polycarbonate, which is used to cover gazebos, visors, greenhouses, parking lots, barbecue areas and playgrounds.
Due to its high strength and ease of installation, polycarbonate is widely used in the construction of greenhouses, sheds, gazebos, pool pavilions
But in recent years, this plastic and beautiful material has found wide application in the arrangement of roofs, creating structures that are truly mesmerizing in beauty.
The use of polycarbonate for roofs is a new direction in architecture, the purpose of which is to visually expand the space and ensure free penetration of sunlight into the house.
The minus of polycarbonate is a greater susceptibility to linear expansion compared to supporting structures, which must be taken into account when drafting a project. A monolithic polymer with a thickness of 5 mm or more and a honeycomb polymer with a thickness of 16 mm or more should not be fixed only with self-tapping screws. You must use the floating fixing method so that the material moves inside the guides.
The largest producers of polycarbonate are the Russian Yug-Oil-Plast, the Kronos plant, Carboglass and SafPlast Innovative, as well as the Bayer company (Germany). The average price ranges from 125 rubles / m² (cellular) to 7300 rubles / m² (monolithic textured), and the service life is up to 10 years, depending on the thickness of the panel and the manufacturer.
Video: choosing polycarbonate
Roofing from piece materials
Piece materials have been used to cover roofs for a long time. Over time, thanks to new technologies, innovative piece coatings with high performance characteristics appear, and the former ones are improved and do not lose their popularity.
Ceramic tiles are the queen of roofing materials with centuries of history. Over the centuries, ceramic tiles have been modified, changing their appearance to a more modern one, however, without losing their advantages, which include:
A significant plus in favor of ceramic shingles - despite the large weight, when laying ceramics, a reinforced truss system is not needed. It will be enough to be standard with a rapid rafter step.
The downside can be considered the fact that, like any organic matter, a ceramic roof can eventually become overgrown with moss and lichen. Therefore, the coating from time to time needs to be treated with copper-containing compounds (copper sulfate) or a special device should be installed on the roof that will saturate atmospheric moisture with copper ions that prevent the spread of moss.
Reliable manufacturers of ceramic tiles are Terreal (France), Jacobi (Germany), Braas (Germany, Poland), Roben (Poland), Tondach (Czech Republic). The price of ceramic tiles is 800-1700 rubles / m².
Video: installation of ceramic tiles
Another worthy representative of natural coatings. Concrete tiles are made from quartz sand, cement, water and dyes based on iron oxides. It is produced not by firing, like ceramics, but by hardening cement at low temperatures, due to which concrete shingles have a considerable advantage over ceramic coating:
- cement-sand tiles are lighter;
- cheaper - 300–700 rubles / m²;
- more economical in laying;
- and provide better sound insulation.
At the same time, they are durable - the service life is more than 100 years, they are fire resistant, not subject to corrosion, tolerate any weather conditions, are environmentally friendly, well ventilated and create a beautiful volumetric coating on the roof.
One of the main criteria that distinguishes high-quality concrete tiles is the high density and low porosity of the material, while the pores should be predominantly closed.
The main disadvantages of concrete tiles are massiveness, a large percentage of scrap during careless transportation and high cost. The most reliable manufacturers are the Braas company (Germany, Russia), Sea wave (Sweden), the Zabudova holding (Belarus).
Video: cement-sand tiles - properties, production, selection
Slate roofs are classified as elite, capable of radically changing the look at any building and emphasizing the high status of the owners.
Of natural roofing materials, slate is the most refined, aesthetic, natural and environmentally friendly, therefore slate roofs are designed for people who have good taste and a desire to preserve family traditions
However, in residential construction they are quite rare. The high price affects - from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles / m² - and the lack of roofers who know how to work with stone. Although recently artificial slate has been supplied to the domestic market, which is much easier to work with. It is also made from natural raw materials and is in no way inferior to natural stone, and in some respects even surpasses it.
Video: artificial slate
Advantages of natural slate coatings:
- ecological cleanliness;
- long service life - more than 200 years;
- lack of maintenance and repair in the next 100 years after installation;
- strength;
- ease of processing, which allows you to cover the most fantastic roofs with slate;
- excellent noise, hydro and thermal insulation properties;
- resistance to ultraviolet, acids and alkalis, as well as sudden temperature changes.
Video: Welsh Penrhyn Slate
The disadvantages of slate tiles include a weak color scheme, high weight and the fact that the naturalness of the stone can only be determined in laboratory conditions. Therefore, when purchasing slate coatings, be guided by the products of proven and reliable manufacturers - Welsh Slate (England), Rathscheck Schiefer (Germany), Cupa Rizarras (Brazil, Spain, France, Portugal). Among the suppliers of artificial slate, the American company Tapco Inc (Inspire slate) enjoys credibility.
Artificial slate tiles are a magnificent imitation of natural slate with excellent characteristics that surpass the natural counterpart in many respects.
Flexible roof tiles
Soft tile is a modern high-quality roofing material that can reliably protect a house from negative environmental influences. Shingles are made on the basis of fiberglass, modified bituminous resins and colored mineral chips. Such roofs are functional, aesthetically attractive and give scope to the design idea.
Roofs made of soft tiles are functional, reliable and aesthetically attractive, besides, they allow you to implement original ideas for the design of roofs and facades in any style.
Benefits of flexible tiles:
- light weight bitumen plates;
- high strength of the finished coating for tearing and abrasion;
- fire safety - ignition temperature from +300 ºC;
- excellent resistance to ultraviolet, climatic loads;
- heat resistance, water resistance, noiselessness and lightning protection;
- resistance to corrosion, decay, acids and alkalis;
- lack of windage and avalanche-like snowfall;
- long service life - up to 50 years;
- cost-effectiveness and attractive price - from 235 to 1300 rubles / m² - which allows you to choose coverage for any financial opportunity.
Cons of soft tiles:
- special requirements for installation - the presence of a continuous flooring, valley and lining carpet;
- low resistance to hail, which can break the coating;
- the possibility of burnout and the formation of moss in regions with high humidity;
- obligatory arrangement of good ventilation.
Reliable manufacturers of bituminous tiles - Icopal (Denmark), Katepal (Finland), Shinglas (Technonikol, Russia), Kerabit (Finland), Tegola (Italy), Ruflex (Russia), Owens Corning (USA), which provides a lifetime warranty on your products.
Video: features and benefits of soft tiles
Roll roofing
Rolled roofs have always been in demand due to their availability and low cost. But in recent years, rolled materials have acquired an exquisite color and new laying technologies, as a result of which they have become stylish and elegant, reminiscent of folded coatings from afar.
Rolled roofs are flexible waterproofing coatings consisting of several layers, which, depending on the type of material, are melted or glued onto cold or hot mastic.
Advantages of roll flooring:
- strength, versatility and elasticity;
- resistance to wear and fading;
- high waterproofing;
- wide choice and ease of installation;
- the lowest price among all roofing materials - from 120 rubles / m².
A variety of roll materials are membrane coatings used on flat structures and are durable - some decking can last up to 100 years. And also armohydrobutyl - rolled polymers based on butyl rubber and chlorosulfopolyethylene, laid on a flat surface and glued with butyl rubber mastic.
The products of TechnoNIKOL (Russia), CJSC Luberit (Russia), Solveig (Belgium) and Kerabit (Finland) are in great demand in the domestic market.
Video: one of the most beautiful coatings - Kerabit 7 with triangular rails
Self-leveling roofs
Mastic (bulk) roofing is a multi-layer coating of liquid or semi-liquid mastics, which form an airtight and durable film after curing.
The mastic is applied to the base in liquid form, and after the solvent evaporates, it hardens, forming a continuous, seamless waterproofing film.
Advantages of a self-leveling roof:
- ease of application;
- a typical roofing pie device;
- high elasticity of the seamless coating, as well as its strength, resistance to ultraviolet, weathering and chemicals;
- long service life and affordable price - from 260 rubles / kg.
For the production of mastics, the Ruftekhno plant (Russia), the TechnoNIKOL corporation (Russia), the Ruvitex Industry Corporation (Bulgaria) with a branch in Russia (the P. Karaminchev plant) are trustworthy.
Unusual roofing
Exotic roofs include reed, wood and rubber roofing. Such roofs are rare and, to be honest, not for everyone. Although not devoid of originality and attractiveness.
Photo gallery: rare roofing
Roofs made of shingles, in addition to their environmental properties, have technical advantages - when laying small gaps are formed between the fragments, which ensure the process of self-ventilation 
Ploughshare - an old Russian roofing material mainly from aspen, which over time acquires a beautiful silver color, and casts gold at sunset 
In order for the reed roof to be beautiful, reliable and durable, it is necessary to use high-quality stems, collected and prepared for laying according to certain rules. 
Rubber tiles are made from recycled materials, but at the same time, thanks to the recycling technology, they are an environmentally friendly material, do not harm the health of others and do not emit hazardous substances.
All of them are environmentally friendly, have good performance characteristics and a considerable service life. However, they are highly flammable (except for rubber roofing) and quite expensive. Here, the features of the procurement of raw materials, its insufficient amount in nature, as well as the specifics of the manufacture of shingles and their laying affect - you need to try very hard to make a beautiful plowshare, for example, and correctly lay it.
Video: reed roofing, harvesting and laying
Roof fire protection
When arranging a roof, it is necessary to take into account not only the operational parameters of roofing decks. Due to the combustibility of materials, it is necessary to provide protection for coatings from possible ignition and the spread of fire. Bituminous decks, thatched roofs and wood roofs are at particular risk. Therefore, such coatings will have to be periodically treated with flame retardants in order to avoid spontaneous combustion as much as possible. An exception can be made only for flexible tiles, which, thanks to modified bitumen, have a high fire resistance coefficient, and for high-quality wood impregnated with fire-fighting compounds from the very beginning. The least dangerous are ceramic and cement-sand products, rubber tiles and natural stones.
Video: fire safety of various covering materials
Roofing needs to be taken seriously. First of all, look at its compliance with the local climate and the power of the load-bearing structures of the house. To study the physical and technical characteristics of the covering material, to calculate the probable heat losses and the upcoming energy costs associated with them. Only after that, focus on the reliability of the manufacturer and the proposed cost. Good luck to you.
Whether you are building a small country house, a luxurious country cottage, or planning to carry out roofing and repair work, the question will inevitably arise, what is the best roofing material to use. Currently, the building materials market offers a wide range of roofing materials. In order to make a final decision, the better to cover the roof of a house so that it is inexpensive, it is necessary to compare the performance, service life and cost of a particular material.
There are two main types of roofing materials: hard and soft. In turn, they are also divided into various modifications, which will be discussed below. The choice of one or another material depends, first of all, on the operating conditions and the material capabilities of the developer.
A rational approach to choosing a roof will not only provide reliable waterproofing and a long service life of the coating, but will also save a significant amount of money.
Types of roofing materials for the roof: description and their characteristics
The roof is perhaps the most important element of any building, so the question of how to cover the roof of a private house inexpensively requires a balanced and deliberate decision. Depending on the purpose of the building and the configuration of the roof, there are various options for roofing. Consider in detail the different types of roofing materials.
Ruberoid represents a basis from the special roofing cardboard impregnated with oil-containing impregnation and covered with bituminous mastic on both sides. In some modifications, cardboard can be replaced with fiberglass. Such a replacement significantly increases the mechanical characteristics and service life of the roofing material, however, the cost in this case will be higher. At the final stage of production, the front and back sides are treated with a special powder.
There are lining and roofing roofing material. differs in the greater density of the base and the fraction of the powder, the front side of the roofing modifications is usually processed with coarse-grained or scaly powder.
The main area of application is roofs with a slight slope, flat roofs, outbuildings, garages and other buildings. Roofing material is rarely used for residential buildings due to its short service life and low mechanical strength.
The table shows the main technical characteristics of the roofing material:
|
Designation |
Units |
Meaning |
|
Roll Width |
1000; 1025; 1050 |
|
|
Roll area |
||
|
Roll weight |
||
|
Specific gravity |
||
|
Tensile strength |
||
|
bitumen concentration |
Not more than 0.85 kg / m 2 |
|
|
Base Density |
The main advantages of roofing material include ease of installation and affordable price. Its widespread use is limited by its low resistance to temperature extremes, ultraviolet radiation, and a short service life. In addition, the roofing material is very flammable.
The cost of different brands of roofing material can vary significantly, so a roll of lining can be bought for 250 rubles, and a roofing roofing material with a fiberglass base will cost about 500 rubles.
Slate is affordable and easy to install. It consists of 85% cement and 15% asbestos filler. Depending on the number of waves, the weight of the sheet can vary between 10-15 kg. The width of the sheet, depending on the modification, can be 980-1130 mm, with a standard length of 1750 mm. In addition, flat slate sheets are produced, the width of which can be from 1120 to 1500 mm, and the thickness from 6 to 10 mm, while the length remains standard, 1750 mm.
It is permissible to cover the roof of the house with slate if the slope angle is not less than 12 0 and not more than 60 0. As a crate, a wooden beam with a section of 50x50 mm is used. Sheets should overlap each other by 1-2 waves. To improve the waterproofing properties of the roof, a roofing layer is laid under the slate. Slate roofing is one of the most inexpensive roofing options, which is why it is most often used for sheds, garages, etc.
The advantages of the material include:
- High mechanical strength;
- High fire resistance, the material does not ignite at any temperature;
- Ease of cutting;
- Affordable price.
The main disadvantages are:
- The content of asbestos can significantly damage health;
- Relatively high brittleness;
- The material is prone to moisture accumulation.
Depending on the thickness, overall dimensions and type of slate, you will have to pay from 260 to 1300 rubles per sheet.
Decking is a cold rolled sheet material with a galvanized surface. The sheet profile can be formed both rectangular and wave, this does not affect the operational properties of the coating. A polymer coating is applied to the front side, which additionally protects the metal from corrosion.
The roof is covered with corrugated board, where the angle of inclination of which exceeds 10 0. With the help of self-tapping screws with rubberized caps, the sheets are attached to the crate with an overlap of 15-20 cm. The main area of application is industrial buildings, warehouses, garages, however, with appropriate thermal insulation, it can also be used in residential construction.
Advantages:
- Ease of installation;
- Mechanical strength;
- Long service life (50 years or more)
- Relatively inexpensive price.
Disadvantages:
- High thermal conductivity;
- Poor sound insulation;
- If the protective coatings are damaged, it rusts intensively.
Depending on the thickness of the sheet metal and the properties of protective coatings, the price of 1 m 2 can range from $10 to $25.
Ondulin inexpensive and high-quality option to cover the roof of the house. The basis of the material is thin cellulose fibers, which are treated with bituminous impregnation with the addition of polymeric materials. Finished sheets are coated with refractory acrylic paint, which increases fire resistance. The overall dimensions of the sheet are 2x0.96 m, the wave height is 3.6 mm.
- High rates of water resistance;
- Environmental Safety;
- Inertness to aggressive chemical compounds;
- The material is very light;
- High degree of sound insulation;
- Affordable price.
- The material ignites from an open flame;
- The paint fades quite quickly in the sun;
- At high air temperatures, softening of the material is noted.
The minimum cost of an ondulin sheet is approximately $5.
metal tile its properties are close to corrugated board. The fundamental difference is that the metal tile is made of thicker metal and several protective layers are applied. In addition, the material to some extent imitates natural tiles, which makes the appearance of the roof more attractive. Depending on the modification of protective coatings, the mass of 1 m 2 can vary from 3 to 5 kg.
They cover the roof of the house with a metal tile with an overlap of 45 to 150 mm and fix it with self-tapping screws with a rubber washer. The material is used for any type of roofs, the slope of which is more than 15 0.
Advantages:
- Ease and speed of installation;
- Mechanical strength;
- Small specific gravity;
- Long time of use without repair (30-50 years).
Disadvantages:
- A large percentage of waste;
- Additional heat and sound insulation of the roof is required;
- Rapid corrosion if the protective layer is damaged.
The cost per square meter, depending on the coverage is from 7 to 15 $.
Flexible roof tiles made of fiberglass impregnated with modified bitumen. The front side is covered with stone chips, providing protection from ultraviolet radiation. In addition, basalt or slate chips have a decorative value. The wrong side is covered with a self-adhesive bitumen-polymer based.
Mount the material on the roof, the angle of inclination of which exceeds 11 0. For laying flexible tiles, a continuous crate made of moisture-resistant materials (OSB board or plywood) is used. At small angles of inclination of the slopes, it is advisable to use additional rolled waterproofing.
Advantages:
- Excellent sound insulation performance;
- Attractive appearance;
- Condensation does not form.
Disadvantages:
- Easy ignition;
- When the temperature drops, the material becomes brittle;
- In particularly hot climates, melting is possible.
The cost per square meter is in the range of 5 to 10 $.
Having carefully studied the opinions of various experts and specialists, one can come to the conclusion that the cost of a roof is determined not only by the cost of the material. Equally important is the service life and frequency of repairs. The cost of premature repairs can be safely included in the estimated cost of the roof, so the use of cheap materials for high-quality roofing is not always advisable.
According to experts, at present the most inexpensive material options for the roof of a house are ondulin and flexible tiles. Profiled sheeting and metal tiles, although they are distinguished by greater mechanical strength, require additional heat and sound insulation, and this will not be cheap.
If you need to mount the roof of a garage or other outbuilding, in terms of material costs, one of the most attractive options is cement-asbestos wave slate.
What to consider when choosing a roofing material for a roof
When choosing one or another roofing material, first of all, it is necessary to soberly assess the financial possibilities. The installation of a roof, in addition to the cost of materials, will necessarily entail significant unforeseen costs. In addition, it is necessary to take into account not only the cost, but also the service life of the roofing material. Some types of work can be done independently, which will also have a positive effect on the family budget.
Operational features are important. So, in order to cover the roof of a residential building with metal tiles and corrugated board, most likely, additional noise insulation will be required, and for laying flexible tiles, a continuous moisture-resistant crate is needed.
The design of the truss system can exclude some types of coatings already at the design stage. So for complex structures, conical towers and curly profiles, it is best to use piece or soft roofing material.
Only after carefully studying the characteristics of existing roofing materials, you should make a final decision.
The information presented in this article, in our opinion, is enough to decide on the choice of roofing material in each case. However, you should not overestimate your capabilities. Since the roof of the house is the most responsible and complex element of any building, it is better to listen to the opinion of experts or use the services of professional roofers, because the miser pays twice.
