Topic 10. Language features of the artistic style

Topic 10.LANGUAGE FEATURES OF THE ARTISTIC STYLE

A beautiful thought loses its price

if it is badly expressed.

Voltaire

Lesson plan:

Theoretical block

Trails. Types of trails.

stylistic figures. Types of stylistic figures.

Functional characteristics of language means of expression in artistic style.

Practice block

Identification of figurative and expressive means in the texts of the artistic style and their analysis

Functional characteristics of paths and figures

Compilation of texts using reference expressions

Tasks for SRO

Bibliography:

1.Golub I.B. Stylistics of the Russian language. - M., 1997. - 448 p.

2. Kozhin BUT.H., Krylova O.BUT., Odintsov AT.AT. Functional types of Russian speech. – M.: graduate School, 1982. - 392 p.

3.Lapteva, M. A. Russian language and culture of speech. - Krasnoyarsk: CPI KSTU, 2006. - 216 p.

4.Rosenthal D.E. Reference book on the Russian language. Practical stylistics of the Russian language. - M., 2001. - 381 p.

5.Khamidova L.V.,Shakhova L.BUT. Practical style and culture of speech. - Tambov: TSTU Publishing House, 2001. - 34 p.

THEORETICAL BLOCK

Linguistic features of the artistic style

The artistic style of speech is distinguished by figurativeness, expressiveness, and the widespread use of figurative and expressive means of the language. Funds artistic expressiveness give brightness to speech, enhance its emotional impact, attract the attention of the reader and listener to the statement.

The means of expression in the artistic style are varied and numerous. Typically, researchers distinguish two groups of visual and expressive means: paths and stylistic figures.

THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF TRAILS

STYLISTIC FIGURES

PRACTICE BLOCK

Questions for discussion and consolidation :

What are the main features of the artistic style of speech?

What area does the artistic style of speech serve?

What means of artistic expression do you know?

What groups are the figurative and expressive means of the language divided into?

What are trails? Describe them.

What is the function of the trail in the text?

What stylistic figures do you know?

What is the purpose of stylistic figures in the text?

Describe the types of stylistic figures.

Exercise 1 . Establish a correspondence: find the corresponding definitions for the concepts below - paths (left column) (right column)

Exercise 2 . Find epithets in the sentences. Determine the form of their expression. What role do they play in the text? Make up your sentences using epithets.

1. On a heavenly blue dish of yellow clouds, honey smoke .... (S. E.). 2. Stands alone in the north wild ...(Lerm); 3. Around the whitening ponds, bushes in fluffy sheepskin coats ... (March.). 4. In the waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling.

Exercise 3 .

1. Asleep earth in blue radiance ... (Lerm.). 2. I had an early, still drowsy morning and deaf night. (Greene). 3. Appeared in the distance train head. 4. building wing obviously in need of repair. 4. Ship flies by the will of stormy waters ... (Lerm.). 5. Liquid, early breeze already went wandering and flutter over the earth ... (Turg.). 6. Silver smoke rose to a pure and precious sky ... (Paust.)

Exercise 4 . Find examples of metonymy in the sentences. What is the metonymic transfer of names based on? Make up your sentences using metonymy.

1. Preparing for the exam, Murat re-read Tolstoy. 2. The class enjoyed visiting the porcelain exhibition. 3. The whole city came out to meet the astronaut. 4. It was quiet outside, the house was asleep. 5. The audience listened to the speaker carefully. 6. Athletes brought gold and silver from the competition.

Exercise 5 . Determine the meaning of the highlighted words. What type of trail can they be classified as? Make up your sentences using the same type of trail.

1. Sundress for caftan doesn't run. (last). 2. All flags will visit us (P.). 3. Blue berets hurriedly landed on the beach. 4. Best beards countries gathered for a performance. (I. Ilf). 5. A woman in a hat was standing in front of me. Hat resented. 6. After some deliberation, we decided to catch motor.

Exercise 6. Find comparisons in sentences. Determine the form of their expression. Make up your sentences using comparisons of different forms of expression.

1. Large drops of dew blushed everywhere like radiant diamonds. (Turg.) 2. Her dress was the color of green. 3. Dawn blazed with fire .... (Turg.). 4. Light fell from under the cap with a wide cone ... (Bitov). 5. Words, like night hawks, break from hot lips. (B. Ok.). 6. The day rustles with a newspaper outside the door, runs as a late schoolboy. (Slutsk.). 7. Ice, like melting sugar, lies on a frozen river.

Exercise 7 . Read the sentences. Write them down. Give examples of impersonation

(1 option); hyperbolas ( Option 2); c) lithos ( 3 option). Justify your answer.

Silent sadness will be comforted, And joy will reflect friskyly ... ( P.).

Wide trousers with Black Sea… (Gogol).

The autumn night burst into icy tears ... ( Fet).

And we haven’t seen each other for probably a hundred years ... ( Ruby).

The horse is being led by the bridle by a peasant in big boots, a sheepskin coat, and big mittens... and he with a fingernail! (Necr.).

Some houses are as long as the stars, others as long as the moon; sky high baobabs

(Lighthouse.).

Your Spitz is a lovely Spitz, no more than a thimble! ( Griboyedov).

Exercise 8. Read the text.

It was a beautiful July day, one of those days that only happens when the weather has settled for a long time. From early morning the sky is clear; the morning dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush. The sun - not fiery, not hot, as during a sultry drought, not dull-purple, as before a storm, but bright and welcomingly radiant - peacefully rises under a narrow and long cloud, shines freshly and plunges into a purple fog. The upper, thin edge of the stretched cloud will sparkle with snakes; their brilliance is like that of hammered silver...

But here again the playful rays gushed, and the mighty luminary rises cheerfully and majestically, as if taking off. Around noon there usually appear many round high clouds, golden gray, with delicate white edges.

Like islands scattered along an endlessly overflowing river flowing around them with deeply transparent sleeves of even blue, they hardly budge; further, towards the sky, they shift, crowd, the blue between them can no longer be seen; but they themselves are as azure as the sky: they are all permeated through and through with light and warmth. The color of the sky, light, pale lilac, does not change all day and is the same all around; nowhere does it get dark, the thunderstorm does not thicken; except in some places bluish stripes stretch from top to bottom: then a barely noticeable rain is sown. By evening, these clouds disappear; the last of them, blackish and indefinite as smoke, fall in rosy puffs against the setting sun; in the place where it set as calmly as it calmly ascended into the sky, a scarlet radiance stands for a short time over the darkened earth, and, quietly blinking, like a carefully carried candle, the evening star will light up on it. On such days the colors are all softened; light, but not bright; everything bears the stamp of some touching meekness. On such days the heat is sometimes very strong, sometimes even "floating" over the slopes of the fields; but the wind disperses, pushes the accumulated heat, and whirlwinds-circles - an undoubted sign of constant weather - walk along the roads through the arable land in high white pillars. in dry and clean air smells of wormwood, compressed rye, buckwheat; even an hour before night you don't feel damp. The farmer wants such weather for harvesting grain ... (I. Turgenev. Bezhin meadow.)

Write out unfamiliar words from the text, determine their meaning.

Define the style and type of text.

Divide the text into semantic parts. Formulate the main idea of ​​the text, its theme. Title the text.

What words carry a special meaning in the text?

Indicate the words of one thematic group.

Find definitions in the text. Are they all epithets?

What means of artistic expression did the author use in the text?

Write out examples of tropes from the text: epithets ( 1 option); comparisons( Option 2); metaphors. ( 3 option). Justify your choice.

Exercise 9. Read the texts about winter.

1. Winter is the coldest time of the year. ( FROM. Ozhegov).

2. Winter on the coast is not as bad as in the depths of the peninsula, and the mercury in the thermometer does not fall below forty-two, and the farther from the ocean, the stronger the frost - so the old-timers believe that forty-two below zero is something like September frosts on the grass. But near the water, the weather is more changeable: either a blizzard powders the eyes, people walk with a wall against the wind, then the frost grabs the living and, like a leprosy, whitens it, then you have to rub it with a cloth until it bleeds, that's why they say: "Three to the nose, everything will pass." ( B. Kryachko)

Hello, in a white sundress

From silver brocade!

Diamonds burn on you like bright rays.

Hello Russian girl,

Coloring soul.

white winch,

Hello winter winter! ( P. Vyazemsky)

4. Beautiful, wonderful Russian forest in winter. Deep, clean snowdrifts lie under the trees. Above the forest paths, lacy white arches bent under the weight of frost, the trunks of young birch trees. Dark green branches of tall and small firs are covered with heavy caps of white snow. You stand and admire their peaks, studded with necklaces of purple cones. You watch with delight how, whistling merrily, they fly from spruce to spruce, swaying on cones, flocks of red-breasted crossbills. ( I. Sokolov - Mikitov)

Determine the style, genre and purpose of each text.

Specify the main style features of each text.

What linguistic means are used in the texts about winter?

Exercise 10. Create your own freehand winter landscape sketch using at least ten (10) definitions selected from the words below. What function do they perform in the text? Whose text is the most successful and why?

White, first, fresh, withered, cool, frosty, unkind, snow-white, angry, harsh, bright, chilly, wonderful, clear, invigorating, prickly, hot, angry, creaky, crisp, blue, silvery, thoughtful, silent, gloomy, gloomy, huge, huge, predatory, hungry, fast, icy, frozen, warm, sparkling, clean.

Exercise 11. Compose a syncwine for the micro-theme "Tropes as figurative and expressive means of the Russian language":

1 option- the keyword "Incarnation";

Option 2- the keyword "Hyperbole";

3 option- the keyword "Litota";

4 option- keyword "allegory".

Exercise 12. Read the text. Divide the text into semantic parts. Title it.

The steppe, shackled by moonlight, was waiting for the morning. There was that pre-dawn silence, which has no name. And only a very sensitive ear, accustomed to this silence, would have heard the continuous rustle that had been coming from the steppe all night. Once something rang...

The first whitish ray of dawn broke through a distant cloud, the moon immediately faded, and the earth darkened. And then suddenly a caravan appeared. Camels walked up to their chests in the lush meadow grass, mixed with young reeds, one after another. To the right and left, herds of horses moved in a heavy mass that crushed the meadow, dived into the grass, and horsemen again emerged from it. From time to time the chain of camels was interrupted, and, connected to each other by a long woolen rope, high two-wheeled carts rolled in the grass. Then camels came again...

A distant cloud melted, and the sun suddenly rushed all at once into the steppe. Like a scattering of precious stones, it sparkled in all directions to the very horizon. It was the second half of summer, and the time had already passed when the steppe looked like a bride in a wedding dress. Only the emerald green of the reeds remained, yellow-red islands of overripe thorny flowers, and among the overgrowth of belated sorrel, the scarlet eyes of the stone berry burned. The steep sides of well-fed, fattened horses over the summer gleamed the steppe.

And as soon as the sun broke out, a deaf and powerful clatter, snoring, neighing, the dreary roar of camels, the creak of high wooden wheels, human voices immediately became clearly audible. Noisily, quails and blind owls fluttered up from under the bushes, taken by surprise by the approaching avalanche. It was as if the light instantly dissolved the silence and brought it all to life...

At first glance, it was clear that this was not just a seasonal migration of one of the countless auls scattered in the endless Kazakh steppe. As usual, the young horsemen on both sides of the caravan did not rush about, did not laugh with the girls. They rode in silence, keeping close to the camels. And the women on camels, wrapped in white kerchiefs - kimesheks, were also silent. Even small children did not cry and only goggled round black eyes from saddlebags - korzhuns on both sides of the camel's humps.

(I. Esenberlin. Nomads.)

Write out unfamiliar words from the text, determine their meaning in the dictionary.

What art style does the text belong to? Justify your answer.

Determine the type of speech. Justify your answer.

What season is represented in the text?

Highlight the key words and phrases in the text that are necessary to convey the main content.

Write out the paths from the text, determine their type. For what purpose does the author use these figurative and expressive means in the text?

Reproduce the text in your own words. Define the style of your text. Has the functional and stylistic affiliation of the text been preserved?

Lesson plan:

Theoretical block

Linguistic features of the artistic style of speech

Features of the artistic style and its signs

Spheres of use of the artistic style of speech

Art style genres

The role of the sentence in the text

Text-forming functions of a sentence

Practice block

Working with texts: determining the style of the text and highlighting the language features of each of them

Highlighting the main features of artistic style in texts

Distinguishing substyles and genres of artistic style

Analysis of artistic style texts

Compilation of texts using reference expressions

Tasks for SRO

Bibliography:

1. Russian language: textbook. allowance for students. kaz. otd. un-tov (bachelor's degree) / Ed. K.K. Akhmedyarova, Sh.K. Zharkynbekova. - Almaty: Publishing house "Kazakh un-ti", 2008. - 226 p.

2. Stylistics and culture of speech: Proc. Benefit/E.P. Pleshchenko, N.V. Fedotova, R.G. Chechet; Ed. P.P. Fur coats.–Minsk: "TetraSystems", 2001.– 544 p.

Theoretical block

Artstyle- functional style of speech, which is used in fiction. The artistic style affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, possibilities different styles, characterized by figurativeness, emotionality of speech.

In a work of art, the word not only carries certain information, but also serves to aesthetically influence the reader with the help of artistic images. The brighter and more truthful the image, the stronger it affects the reader.

In their works, writers use, when necessary, not only words and forms literary language, but also obsolete dialect and vernacular words.

The means of artistic expression are varied and numerous. These are tropes: comparisons, personifications, allegory, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, etc. And stylistic figures: epithet, hyperbole, litote, anaphora, epiphora, gradation, parallelism, rhetorical question, default, etc.

The style of fiction has its own specifics. It serves the emotional and aesthetic area of ​​personality activity. The main properties of the artistic style are: a) aesthetic; b) influence on emotions: with the help of artistic images, the feelings and thoughts of readers are influenced; c) communicative: the ability to evoke a response in the mind of the reader, due to which thoughts are transmitted from one person to another.

The artistic style of speech is not distinguished by all scientists. Some researchers, highlighting the artistic style among the functional styles of speech, consider its main features:

its use in works of art;

the image with its help of a living picture, object, state, the transfer to the reader of the feelings and moods of the author;

concreteness, figurativeness and emotionality of the statement;

the presence of special linguistic means: words with a specific meaning, with comparison value, comparisons, words in figurative use, emotional and evaluative, etc.

Other scientists consider it as the language of fiction, and the concepts of "artistic style", "style of fiction", "language of fiction" are considered synonymous.

Fiction style

Art style- functional style of speech, which is used in fiction. In this style, it affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality of speech.

In a work of art, the word not only carries certain information, but also serves to aesthetically influence the reader with the help of artistic images. The brighter and more truthful the image, the stronger it affects the reader.

In their works, writers use, when necessary, not only words and forms of the literary language, but also obsolete dialect and vernacular words.

The means of artistic expression are varied and numerous. These are tropes: comparisons, personifications, allegory, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, etc. And stylistic figures: epithet, hyperbole, litote, anaphora, epiphora, gradation, parallelism, rhetorical question, omission, etc.

Fiction a concrete-figurative representation of life is inherent, in contrast to the abstract, objective, logical-conceptual reflection of reality in scientific speech. For artwork perception through the senses and the re-creation of reality are characteristic, the author seeks to convey, first of all, his personal experience, their understanding or comprehension of this or that phenomenon. But in artistic text we see not only the world of the writer, but also the writer in this world: his preferences, condemnations, admiration, rejection, and the like. This is associated with emotionality and expressiveness, metaphorical, meaningful diversity of the artistic style of speech.

The basis of the artistic style of speech is the literary Russian language. The word in this functional style performs a nominative-figurative function. The words that form the basis of this style primarily include figurative means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context. These are words with a wide range of uses. Highly specialized words are used to a small extent, only to create artistic authenticity in describing certain aspects of life.

In the artistic style of speech, the speech polysemy of the word is widely used, which opens up additional meanings and semantic shades in it, as well as synonymy at all language levels, which makes it possible to emphasize the subtlest shades of meanings. This is explained by the fact that the author strives to use all the richness of the language, to create his own unique language and style, to a bright, expressive, figurative text. The author uses not only the vocabulary of the codified literary language, but also a variety of figurative means from colloquial speech and space.

The emotionality and expressiveness of the image comes to the fore in the artistic text. Many words that in scientific speech act as clearly defined abstract concepts, in newspaper and journalistic speech - as socially generalized concepts, in artistic speech carry concrete sensory representations. Thus, the styles functionally complement each other. For example, the adjective lead in scientific speech realizes its direct meaning(lead ore, lead bullet), and in fiction it forms an expressive metaphor (lead clouds, lead noz, lead waves). Therefore, in artistic speech, phrases play an important role, which create a certain figurative representation.

Artistic speech, especially poetic speech, is characterized by inversion, i.e. changing the usual order of words in a sentence in order to enhance the semantic significance of a word, or to give the whole phrase a special stylistic coloring. An example of inversion is the well-known line from A. Akhmatova's poem "Everything I see is hilly Pavlovsk ..." Variants of the author's word order are diverse, subject to a common plan. But all these deviations in the text serve the law of artistic necessity.

6. Aristotle on six qualities of "good speech"

The term "rhetoric" (Greek Retorike), "oratory" (Latin orator, orare - to speak), "vitia" (obsolete, Old Slavonic), "eloquence" (Russian) are synonymous.

Rhetoric - a special science of the laws of "invention, arrangement and expression of thoughts in speech." Its modern interpretation is the theory of persuasive communication.

Aristotle defined rhetoric as the ability to find possible beliefs about any given subject, as the art of persuasion, which uses the possible and probable in cases where real certainty is insufficient. The business of rhetoric is not to convince, but in each given case to find ways of persuasion.

Oratory is understood as a high degree of skill public speaking, quality characteristic oratory, skillful use of the word.

Eloquence in the dictionary of the living Great Russian language by V. Dahl is defined as eloquence, science and the ability to speak and write beautifully, convincingly and captivatingly.

Corax, who in the fifth century BC. opened a school of eloquence in Syrocusa and wrote the first textbook of rhetoric, defined eloquence as follows: eloquence is the servant of persuasion. Comparing the above concepts “rhetoric”, “oratory”, “eloquence”, we find that they are united by the idea of ​​persuasion.

Aesthetics and self-expression of the speaker in oratory, the ability and ability to speak fascinatingly inherent in eloquence, as well as scientific laws rhetoric they all serve the same purpose - to convince. And these three concepts of “rhetoric”, “oratory” and “eloquence” differ in different accents that emphasize their content.

Oratory emphasizes the aesthetics, self-expression of the author, in eloquence - the ability and ability to speak in a fascinating way, and in rhetoric - the scientific nature of principles and laws.

Rhetoric as a science and academic discipline has existed for thousands of years. AT different time included different content. It was considered both as a special genre of literature, and as a mastery of any kind of speech (oral and written), and as a science and art of oral speech.

Rhetoric, as the art of speaking well, needed an aesthetic assimilation of the world, an idea of ​​the elegant and the clumsy, the beautiful and the ugly, the beautiful and the ugly. The origins of rhetoric were an actor, a dancer, a singer who delighted and convinced people with their art.

At the same time, rhetoric was based on rational knowledge, on the difference between the real and the unreal, the real from the imaginary, the true from the false. A logician, a philosopher, a scientist participated in the creation of rhetoric. In the very formation of rhetoric, there was also a third principle; it united both types of knowledge: aesthetic and scientific. Ethics was such a beginning.

So the rhetoric was triune. It was the art of persuading with the word, the science of the art of persuading with the word, and the process of persuasion based on moral principles.

Even in antiquity, two main trends developed in rhetoric. The first, coming from Aristotle, connected rhetoric with logic and suggested that persuasive, effective speech be considered good speech. At the same time, efficiency also came down to persuasiveness, the ability of speech to win recognition (consent, sympathy, sympathy) of listeners, to make them act in a certain way. Aristotle defined rhetoric as "the ability to find possible ways beliefs about any given subject.

The second direction also arose in Dr. Greece. Among its founders are m Socrates and other rhetors. Its representatives were inclined to consider richly decorated, magnificent speech, built according to aesthetic canons, to be good. Persuasiveness continued to matter, but was not the only and not the main criterion for evaluating speech. Therefore, the direction in rhetoric, originating from Aristotle, can be called "logical", and from Socrates - literary.

The doctrine of the culture of speech originated in Ancient Greece within the framework of rhetoric as a doctrine of the merits and demerits of speech. In rhetorical treatises, prescriptions were given for what speech should be and what should be avoided in it. These papers provided guidance on how to correctness, purity, clarity, accuracy, consistency and expressiveness of speech, as well as advice on how to achieve this. In addition, even Aristotle urged not to forget about the addressee of the speech: "Speech consists of three elements: the speaker himself, the subject he speaks about, and the person to whom he refers and which is, in fact, the ultimate goal of everything." Thus, Aristotle and other rhetoricians drew the attention of readers to the fact that rhetorical heights, the art of speech can be achieved only on the basis of mastering the basics of speech skill.

As a means of communication, artistic speech has its own language - a system figurative forms expressed by linguistic and extralinguistic means. Artistic speech along with non-artistic speech make up two levels national language. The basis of the artistic style of speech is the literary Russian language. The word in this functional style performs a nominative-figurative function. Here is the beginning of V. Larin's novel "Neuron Shock":

“Marat's father, Stepan Porfirievich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from the Astrakhan bandit family. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Michelson plant in Moscow, machine-gun courses in Petrograd and threw him into Novgorod-Seversky, a town of deceptive silence and goodness.(Star. 1998. No. 1).

In these two sentences, the author showed not only a segment of individual human life, but also the atmosphere of the era of enormous changes associated with the 1917 revolution. The first sentence gives knowledge social environment, material conditions, human relations in the childhood years of the life of the father of the hero of the novel and his own roots. Simple, rude people surrounding the boy (binduzhnik– colloquial name for a port loader), the hard work that he saw from childhood, the restlessness of orphanhood - that's what stands behind this proposal. And the next sentence includes private life in the cycle of history. Metaphorical phrases The revolutionary whirlwind blew ..., dragged ..., threw ... they liken human life to a grain of sand that cannot withstand historical cataclysms, and at the same time convey the element of the general movement of those “who were nobody”. Such figurativeness, such a layer of in-depth information is impossible in a scientific or official business text.

The lexical composition and functioning of words in the artistic style of speech have their own characteristics. Among the words that form the basis and create the imagery of this style, first of all, are the figurative means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context. These are words with a wide range of uses. Highly specialized words are used to a small extent, only to create artistic authenticity in describing certain aspects of life. For example, L. N. Tolstoy in "War and Peace" used special military vocabulary when describing battle scenes; we will find a significant number of words from the hunting lexicon in I. S. Turgenev’s Notes of a Hunter, in the stories of M. M. Prishvin, V. A. Astafiev, and in A. S. Pushkin’s The Queen of Spades many words from the lexicon card game etc.

In the artistic style of speech, the speech polysemy of the word is very widely used, which opens up additional meanings and semantic shades in it, as well as synonymy at all language levels, which makes it possible to emphasize the subtlest shades of meanings. This is explained by the fact that the author strives to use all the richness of the language, to create his own unique language and style, to a bright, expressive, figurative text. The author uses not only the vocabulary of the codified literary language, but also a variety of figurative means from colloquial speech and vernacular. Let's take a small example:

"In Evdokimov's tavern alreadygathered was put out the lamps when the scandal began. The scandal started like this.First everything looked fine in the hall, and even Potap, the tavern clerk, told the owner that,they say, now God has mercy - not a single broken bottle, when suddenly in the depths, in the semi-darkness, in the very core, there was a buzzing like a swarm of bees.

- Fathers of light, - the owner lazily amazed, - here,Potapka, your evil eye, damn it! Well, you should have croaked, damn it! (Okudzhava B. Shilov's adventures).

The emotionality and expressiveness of the image come to the fore in the artistic text. Many words that in scientific speech act as clearly defined abstract concepts, in newspaper and journalistic speech as socially generalized concepts, in artistic speech carry specific sensory representations. Thus, the styles functionally complement each other. For example, the adjective lead in scientific speech realizes its direct meaning (lead ore, lead bullet), and artistic forms an expressive metaphor (lead clouds, lead night, lead waves). Therefore, in artistic speech, phrases play an important role, which create a certain figurative representation.

Artistic speech, especially poetic speech, is characterized by inversion, that is, a change in the usual word order in a sentence in order to enhance the semantic significance of a word or give the whole phrase a special stylistic coloring. An example of inversion is the well-known line from A. Akhmatova's poem “Everything I see is hilly Pavlovsk ...” Variants of the author's word order are diverse, subject to a common plan.

The syntactic structure of artistic speech reflects the flow of figurative-emotional impressions of the author, so here you can find the whole variety of syntactic structures. Each author subordinates linguistic means to the fulfillment of his ideological and aesthetic tasks. So, L. Petrushevskaya, to show disorder, "troubles" family life heroine of the story "Poetry in Life", includes several simple and complex sentences:

“In the history of Mila, then everything rolled on the rise, Mila’s husband in a new two-room apartment now he no longer protected Mila from her mother, her mother lived separately, and there was no telephone either there or here - Mila's husband became himself and Iago and Othello and with mockery from around the corner watched how men of his type pester Mila on the street, builders, prospectors, poets, who do not know how heavy this burden is, how unbearable life is, if you fight alone , since beauty is not a helper in life, one could roughly translate those obscene, desperate monologues that the former agronomist, and now a researcher, Mila's husband, shouted both on the night streets, and in his apartment, and after getting drunk, so Mila hid somewhere with her young daughter, found shelter, and the unfortunate husband beat the furniture and threw iron pans.

This proposal is perceived as an endless complaint of an uncountable number of unfortunate women, as a continuation of the theme of the sad female lot.

In artistic speech, deviations from structural norms are also possible, due to artistic actualization, i.e., the allocation by the author of some thought, idea, feature that is important for the meaning of the work. They can be expressed in violation of phonetic, lexical, morphological and other norms. Especially often this technique is used to create a comic effect or a bright, expressive artistic image:

"Ay, cute, - Shipov shook his head, - why is that so? No need. I can see right through you, mon cher… Hey, Potapka, why did you forget the man on the street? Bring him here, wake up. And what, mister student, how does this tavern seem to you? Dirty, do you think I like him?... I've been to real restaurants, sir, I know ... Pure Empire, sir... But you can’t talk to people there, but here I can learn something” (Okudzhava B. Shilov's adventures).

The speech of the protagonist characterizes him very clearly: not very educated, but ambitious, wanting to give the impression of a gentleman, master. Shipov uses elementary French words (my cher) along with vernacular wake up, hello, here, which do not correspond not only to the literary, but also to the colloquial norm. But all these deviations in the text serve the law of artistic necessity.

Bibliography:

1. Azarova, E.V. Russian language: Proc. allowance / E.V. Azarova, M.N. Nikonov. - Omsk: Publishing house of OmGTU, 2005. - 80 p.

2. Golub, I.B. Russian language and culture of speech: Proc. allowance / I.B. Golub. - M. : Logos, 2002. - 432 p.

3. Culture of Russian speech: Textbook for universities / ed. prof. OK. Graudina and prof. E.N. Shiryaev. - M.: NORMA-INFRA, 2005. - 549p.

4. Nikonova, M.N. Russian language and culture of speech: Textbook for non-philologist students / M.N. Nikonov. - Omsk: Publishing House of OmGTU, 2003. - 80 p.

5. Russian language and culture of speech: Proc. / edited by prof. IN AND. Maksimov. - M. : Gardariki, 2008. - 408s.

6. Russian language and culture of speech: Textbook for technical universities / ed. IN AND. Maksimova, A.V. Golubev. – M.: Higher education, 2008. - 356 p.

The stylistic stratification of speech is its characteristic feature. This stratification is based on several factors, of which the main one is the sphere of communication. The sphere of individual consciousness - everyday life - and the informal atmosphere associated with it give rise to a conversational style, spheres public consciousness with their accompanying formality nourish bookish styles.

The difference in the communicative function of language is also significant. For leading is for book styles- message function.

Among book styles, the artistic style of speech stands out. So, his language is not only (and maybe not so much) but also a means of influencing people.

The artist generalizes his observations with the help of a specific image, by skillful selection of expressive details. He shows, draws, depicts the subject of speech. But you can show, draw only what is visible, concrete. Therefore, the requirement of concreteness is the main feature of the artistic style. However, a good artist will never describe, say, spring forest directly, so to speak, in the forehead, in the manner of science. He will select a few strokes, expressive details for his image, and with their help he will create a visible image, a picture.

Speaking about figurativeness as a leading stylistic feature of artistic speech, one should distinguish between “an image in a word”, i.e. figurative meanings of words, and "image through words". Only by combining both, we get the artistic style of speech.

In addition, the artistic style of speech has the following characteristic features:

1. Scope of use: works of art.

2. Tasks of speech: create a living picture depicting what the story is about; convey to the reader the emotions and feelings experienced by the author.

3. Characteristics artistic style of speech. The expression is basically:

Figurative (expressive and lively);

Specific (this person is described, and not people, in general);

Emotional.

Specific words: not animals, but wolves, foxes, deer and others; did not look, but paid attention, looked.

Frequently used words in figurative meaning: an ocean of smiles, the sun sleeps.

The use of emotional-evaluative words: a) having diminutive suffixes: bucket, swallow, little white; b) with the suffix -evat- (-ovat-): loose, reddish.

Use of verbs perfect look having a prefix for-, indicating the beginning of the action (the orchestra began to play).

Use of present tense verbs instead of past tense verbs (Went to school, suddenly I see ...).

The use of interrogative, motivating, exclamatory sentences.

Use in the text of sentences with homogeneous members.

Speeches can be found in any fiction book:

She shone with forged damask steel

The rivers are a cold stream.

Don was terrible

horses snored,

And the backwater foamed with blood ... (V. Fetisov)

Quiet and blissful December night. The village slumbers peacefully, and the stars, like guards, vigilantly and vigilantly watch that there is harmony on earth, so that troubles and strife, God forbid, do not disturb unsteady consent, do not move people to new quarrels - the Russian side is already well fed with them ( A. Ustenko).

Note!

It is necessary to be able to distinguish between the artistic style of speech and the language of a work of art. In it, the writer resorts to various functional styles using language as a means speech characteristics hero. Most often, the conversational style of speech is reflected in the replicas of the characters, but if the task of creating an artistic image requires it, the writer can use both scientific and business in the character’s speech, and Non-distinguishing between the concepts of “artistic style of speech” and “language of a work of art” leads to the perception of any passage from a work of art as an example of the artistic style of speech, which is a gross mistake.