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The design of the roof of a frame building is selected based on its purpose, location and size. The simplest of all existing - flat single-sided.
It does not need complex calculations, and its installation is simple and does not require high qualifications.
At the same time, the operational capabilities of such a roof have serious limitations that reduce its preference compared to more complex and efficient options.
Therefore, the use of a shed is most common among auxiliary buildings for household purposes. They are considered unsuitable for permanent residence. An unattractive appearance plays an important role in such a reputation - a flat roof is not visible from the ground at all, a frame house with a flat roof does not have the representativeness, solidity that a beautifully designed roof gives.
However, for buildings of secondary importance, this design is optimal and most advantageous from all points of view, which makes the use of shed roof structures the main, if not the only option for utility buildings.
In terms of construction, a shed roof is a horizontal (rarely) or inclined (most often) plane of roofing material located at the top of a building.
This concept is the simplest, there are no plane transitions that require complex preparation, which allows independent construction even for an unprepared person.
At the same time, a one-story frame house with a shed roof is being built quite quickly, without requiring special physical costs. The benefits of a flat roof include:
- simplicity and reliability;
- the absence of parts or elements that need to complicate the truss system;
- minimum wind load in normal mode;
- simple calculation of the amount of materials.
Along with the advantages, a shed roof has its drawbacks.:
- maximum snow load;
- depending on the prevailing wind direction in the area. The unfavorable direction of the squall-type airflow can disrupt the plane;
- the load from rainwater is doubled;
- unattractive appearance - the roof is partially visible only from behind, at a rather steep angle of inclination.
Such properties limit the scope of such structures, but do not reduce their popularity, since there are more outbuildings than residential ones, which in total makes the number of shed roofs quite large.
Application
From a technical point of view, a flat roof structure can be used for any building. The main issue is the correct choice of the angle of inclination. Nevertheless, in practice, this option is used mainly for small buildings that are undemanding to the high quality or appearance of the roof.
Consider the possibilities of using a shed roof for different types of buildings:
1. Residential frame house with a pitched roof. The use of shed structures is most often used in architectural solutions with elements of asymmetry.
The shape of the building and inclined planes, as a rule, several work here. They are located on different levels and create an architectural ensemble of Art Nouveau style.
In its pure form, and even more so for a frame house, a shed roof structure is used extremely rarely, despite the fact that it is not so difficult to develop a project for a frame house with a flat roof. The main reason for this is the unpresentability and unsuitability of the design, from a technical point of view. The fact is that the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is most often quite large, a plane of this size in winter will experience too much snow load.
If you adjust it by increasing the angle of inclination, you will get a large height difference between the front and rear walls, which increases the wind load on the facade. Snow pressure causes the rafters to subside, the roof geometry is broken, which leads to depressurization of the joints of the roofing material and the appearance of leaks. Therefore, a flat roof in a frame house with a large area is not used in most regions.
2. Frame shed with pitched roof. For such buildings, a shed roof is most often erected.
After all, building a frame shed with a pitched roof with your own hands is very simple.
It performs its task quite effectively, is the cheapest and does not require any additional elements.
3. Frame garage with pitched roof. The size of the garage in the vast majority of cases is the most convenient for the construction of a flat roof.
In addition, the slope away from the garage door helps to drain rainwater or snow masses in winter to the most user-friendly rear of the building, reducing the risk of inconvenient accumulations or damage to property.
4. Shed frame bath. Building a bath with a shed roof is the most economical option.
The fact is that a frame bath with a shed roof is a specific room that needs high-quality insulation of all surfaces - the floor, walls and ceiling.
The combination of the ceiling with the roof provides significant cost savings, since it becomes possible to refuse the construction of a truss system, additional roof insulation and other measures, and allows you to simply cover the ceiling at a slight angle with roofing material.
This design greatly facilitates the construction, reducing the load on the walls and foundation, and the wind load is also significantly reduced. There remains a problem with snow pressure, but, with a small total area, this issue is not so acute.
Important! If the bath is not a separate building, but is attached to the house, then a shed roof becomes the only solution.
Device
From a structural point of view, a shed roof can be thought of as a longitudinal half. That is, there is a row of inclined rafter legs carrying roofing material, the angle of inclination of which contributes to the removal of rain or melt water, and also organizes the gathering of snow masses.
But the construction of such a roof is greatly simplified, since many operations or elements are excluded. Alternatively, you can simply build two walls of different sizes, install rafters transversely to the axis of the house, mount the crate and lay the roofing material.
If two identical walls are being built, which simplifies the creation of a ceiling, then racks are installed on the high side, connected from above by a longitudinal beam, on which the rafters rest. Outside, the racks are sheathed with a finishing coating, from the inside they are either insulated or left as they are.
If the attic is residential, then the roof must be insulated. This operation consists in creating a roofing insulating cake. It consists of a heater, insulated on both sides with a film material, which excludes water from entering the heater.
In order for this operation to make sense, a fairly steep angle of inclination of the roof is required.
It must allow the existence of space sufficient for a more or less comfortable stay in the attic. Most often, the issue is resolved by partially building up the walls above the floor, so that the lower part of the roof rests not on the floor, but on the wall section.
Insulation of a flat roof with a slight slope can be done with bulk materials, in particular expanded clay. This option is very effective - expanded clay does not rot, is excellently characterized as a heater, does not accumulate water. The process of insulation is best carried out outside, before laying the roofing material.
To do this, the ceiling is tightly sheathed with boards, OSB, chipboard or plywood, expanded clay is poured between the rafters from the outside, covered with a layer of waterproofing and again sheathed with sheet materials. After that, the roof is laid through the layer of the counter-lattice. This option gives an almost eternal result, the main thing is to do everything carefully and not violate the integrity of the waterproofing.
Construction technology
To describe the process, it is necessary to consider two options:
- with a high wall. In this case, the ceiling of the upper floor is an insulated roof, which saves materials and reduces labor costs;
- with support stand. This design involves the creation of a rack row of the required height, the installation of a rafter row based on it and on the Mauerlat from the opposite side.
with a high wall
The design with a high wall is done like this:
1. Walls of different heights are erected.
2. A series of rafters is mounted with support on opposite walls. With a long span, double rafters are used.
3. To reinforce the rafters (if necessary), struts are used that rest against the upper region of the high wall and against the rafters.
4. From below, the rafters are completely sheathed with sheet materials or thin boards.
Attention! At this stage, it is necessary to monitor the loading of the rafters. Taking into account the weight of the insulation, the roof and the possible snow load, an additional row of supports may be needed.
5. Outside, a waterproofing film is laid.
6. A heater is installed. Given the need to reduce weight, the most successful choice would be foam.
7. The outer layer of waterproofing is installed.
8. A counter-lattice is laid along the rafter legs, on which the outer crate is laid.
9. Roofing material is laid in the direction from the bottom up.
10. The ends are covered with a layer of sheathing, insulated from the inside, similar to the walls of the house.
With support stand
For the design option with a support leg, the sequence changes:
1. Vertical racks are installed, their position is fixed by struts.
2. The upper part of the racks is connected with a ridge bar.
3. Racks are made with the same step as the racks of the frame of the house.
4. If necessary, the racks are insulated in a manner similar to an insulating pie at home (if a residential attic is not planned, it is enough to sheathe them from the outside).
5. Rafters are installed on the ridge bar and on the Mauerlat of the opposite wall.
6. If the attic is non-residential, then a crate is mounted on top of the rafters with a frequency convenient for attaching the roof.
7. Roofing material is laid.
8. End walls are sheathed.
If the attic is residential, then the ceiling and walls are insulated in the same way as in the previous version.
Useful video
How a flat and shed roof is arranged, as well as what materials are required for this, is additionally described in the video below:
conclusions
The construction of a shed roof for a frame house is unnecessarily heavy due to the relatively large building area and high snow or rain pressure. Nevertheless, almost every person, at least a little versed in construction, can build a frame house with a shed roof with their own hands. At the same time, this type of roofing is quite suitable for outbuildings and is even recommended. It is economical, simple and does not require special care.
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For designers of private, small-sized houses, one of the most interesting tasks is the design of a house with a simple pitched roof. Indeed, from an elementary design, you can get an original non-standard solution for both a one-story house and a higher one with a covered veranda.
Numerous building materials and options for their use provide a wide scope for various combinations and distinguish the structure from a number of similar houses. For a small house, a shed roof is more suitable than a multi-pitched, complex and expensive design. Consider the positive and negative sides of such houses.
For our country, houses with a shed roof are unusual, and their projects are rarely used in low-rise private buildings. This is more of a European option for a mild climate or for the southern regions of Russia, but the established tradition is not the ultimate truth.
For a small building with a total area of about 100 m 2, it is the variant of a house with a shed roof that is optimal. We will consider the advantages and disadvantages, options for roofing, as well as methods for erecting this kind of roof.
In this article
Benefits of pitched roofs
Let's start with the advantages of this architectural solution, which are as follows:
- the consumption of gutters and pipes is reduced or reduced to zero, replaced by a low tide device, and precipitation flows in one direction;
- there are no additional costs for roof ventilation, the process is reduced to the removal of chimneys and house ventilation;
- almost any roofing material can be used;
- the project of a house with a pitched roof is cheaper, since the truss system is much simpler than that of multi-pitched roofs;
- reduced consumption of wood for rafters and sheathing;
- installation of rafters and battens, as well as insulation, can be performed by no more than two people;
- low roof windage.
Flaws
Using all the benefits and advantages of a shed roof, you need to turn certain disadvantages to your advantage, which are as follows:
- projects of houses with a shed roof should determine the step-by-step sequence of operations for insulation, vapor and waterproofing of the roof due to the fact that the prevention and further revision of these elements will be difficult;
- the need to take into account the direction of the prevailing winds in the area;
- increased requirements for finishing cornices, insulation and moisture protection of walls exposed to rain and oblique winds;
- in areas with increased snow formation, it is necessary to increase the angle of inclination of the roof slope and strengthen the rafter group and the crate;
- different ceiling heights in separate parts of the building;
- you need to draw up a plan in advance for organizing a drain from the roof of the building.
It is also necessary to take into account factors such as the absence of an attic space, since its presence with a pitched roof does not provide tangible advantages. It may be necessary to clear the roof of snow in winter.
When using the project of a one-story house, one should take into account the different heights of the ceiling in the interior, which can be beaten with non-standard and stylish solutions. In a two-story house, where the low part of the ceiling is about 150 cm, you can place the head of the bed or linen closets and chests of drawers.
It is important to use high-quality materials when finishing the cornices and walls of the building in order to emphasize the style and conciseness of your home.
Types of buildings with pitched roofs
When studying projects for houses with a shed roof, it is necessary to adapt the architectural solution to the weather conditions and landscape of your area. If the choice is on this type of building, you need to take into account a number of circumstances that will allow you to avoid miscalculations by the designer and build a house that meets your requirements. These circumstances include:
- The entrance to the house is not desirable to have on the low side of the building.
- Panoramic windows should be positioned in such a way as to emphasize the view of the landscape.
- Small or narrow windows should be used only if it is necessary to illuminate the flight of stairs or utility rooms.
- Chimneys and ventilation pipes should be led out at the top of a pitched roof to improve draft.
- If a garage or veranda is needed, then the slope of the roofs must correspond to the angle of the roof of the building.
- The rafter system, lathing and roofing must have increased strength.
The choice of an extensive shed roof is not the best solution, so a two-story building with the same area is more acceptable. For owners of houses of this type, the rigor and novelty of the design solution is much more important than the presence of an attic space, especially since it is not comfortable and functional due to the slope of the roof. Therefore, the sloping ceiling of the house instead of the attic will give more usable volume and airiness to the entire interior decoration of the room.
It is important to remember that the greater the expected snow load, the greater should be the angle of inclination of the slope and the stronger the roofing material.
A house with a shed roof emphasizes the individuality of the owner and is very suitable for suburban and country living. When designing, you can lay in the layout multiple options for using the internal space. If the second floor is usually used to accommodate sleeping quarters, then on the first floor there can be kitchen, sanitary and other rooms, as well as a spacious living room.
For year-round living in a house with a shed roof, it is necessary to take into account the heat losses of panoramic windows, walls and roofs at the design stage. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the heating and ventilation system of the living space. If a straight shed roof is oriented to the south, then it is quite possible to place solar cells on it, which will make it possible to save energy. When choosing a house project, preference is given to the aesthetic component, but we must not forget about the practicality and durability of the structure.
It is important to choose project options with maximum roof slopes to ensure optimal protection of the walls from atmospheric precipitation.
Results
We examined the features of designing houses with a shed roof and the difficulties that must be taken into account when choosing the type of house and its construction. The harsh climate of our country does not contribute to the choice of a shed roof, but in more benign weather conditions, this is a completely justified preference.
A simple structurally and inexpensive structure has high strength and original appearance, especially when using high-quality modern materials. The positive properties also include high construction speed and low material consumption.
In European open spaces (especially in Germany), houses with a shed roof are quite popular, while in our country this option is considered more acceptable for outbuildings. The system with a slight slope is characterized by structural simplicity.
Pros and cons
The fashion for flat roofs appeared in the middle of the last century and became an expression of the desire for simplicity and functionality. The lack of pretentiousness, elegance and style is one of the advantages. Other positive features are also characteristic:
- Saving wood in the construction of the truss system, as well as roofing material.
- Ease of installation - this procedure does not require specific calculations, additional supporting nodes (as for the multi-slope version).
- Small windage. Ideal for regions with strong winds.
- Simplicity of arrangement of drains.
- Ease of maintenance and repair work.
- The possibility of creating a full-fledged two-story house. Equipped attic will have high walls and large windows.
The roof with one slope provides ample scope for design solutions. If it is completely flat, an observation deck, a gazebo, a summer garden, a place for sunbathing will be equipped on it. A very productive idea is the installation of solar panels and collectors for heating water. On the front side of the building on the slope, it is appropriate to install a large window: it not only serves as a source of daylight, but also visually makes the room more spacious.
- problems with the maintenance of the low attic (if it is provided by the developers);
- the need for regular cleaning of the roof from snow and ice in winter and spring, constant monitoring of structural elements and timely elimination of defects;
- high requirements for hydro- and thermal insulation equipment;
- not very presentable.
If there is a desire to make the cottage more attractive, you need to add decorative architectural elements to the project, pay attention to the color scheme of the exterior. For the same purpose, as well as for the manufacture of an absolutely hermetic system, you should buy high-quality materials and entrust installation work to specialists.
Private house options
Shed roofs are used not only for a small cottage, but also for high-tech buildings, large cottages, and multi-storey buildings.
Since the snow load will be greater than with several slopes, it is important to accurately calculate the angle of inclination and the cross section of the supporting elements - otherwise the structure will simply collapse under a multi-ton mass of snow. This is especially true of a large house designed for the northern region.
When choosing a project, they pay attention that all buildings with a shed roof are divided into two large groups:
- with an attic - on the top floor there is a straight ceiling, due to the air gap in the attic space, thermal insulation improves, only care is problematic;
- without an attic - the roof plays the role of an overlap, due to which the ceiling of the upper floor turns out to be sloping.
Descriptions of popular building options:
1. One-story.
- The features of the dacha are as follows: modest size and rectangular shape, light truss system, small windows. These criteria are met by Finnish houses with an area of no more than 30 m2. The buildings are simple in design, but at the same time reliable and practical. They are usually built using frame-panel technology. The main components are prefabricated at the factory from sandwich panels and customized to size. A shed roof is designed by determining the difference in height between opposite walls. On the garden plot, assembly is carried out in a couple of days. The same amount will be needed for the installation of the roof.
- One-storey house in the middle price range. If you invest in the project the same funds as in the construction of a standard residential cottage (up to 100 m2), you can create an original design with a multi-level shed roof. The truss system remains just as simple and affordable in terms of construction, the attic is also missing. In the gap between the levels, window frames are inserted, receiving an additional source of light.
2. Two-story.
The project is chosen depending on the number of residents, budget, style of construction. It can be a minimalist wooden cottage with an attic. The upper floor has a different level of heights - where it is reduced to a minimum, a pantry is equipped. The second option is to place the bedrooms on the second tier and install the beds with headboards in the direction of lowering the ceiling.
A house with a shed roof, consisting of two floors, is built from aerated concrete blocks, making floors from reinforced concrete slabs, and the foundation from powerful monolithic reinforced concrete. To diversify the finish, combine the finish of bricks and tiles with wood imitation. On the ground floor there is a dining room, kitchen, hall, toilet, garage. Bedrooms are arranged in the upper part, a balcony is attached to the side.
3. High-tech cottage.
The foundation is a solid reinforced concrete slab, the walls are constructed of aerated concrete. A flat or shed roof can be made of concrete, protected with a waterproofing film, and then laid with mineral wool insulation. From above it is covered with rolled material.
The house with an area of about 100 m2, built in high-tech style, consists of a bedroom, a kitchen-dining room and a living room combined with it. From the latter there is access to the summer veranda: these rooms are separated by a sliding glass door that expands the space. There is a place for a fireplace and a garage.
High-tech houses are characterized by the use of glass and metal as decoration. The design is carried out taking into account these features: large windows, metal drains, steel shutters, glazed doors, transparent partitions. Even a roof can be made of glass.
In addition to glass and metal decor, elements made of wood and textured plaster are used. Next to the modern building, a recreation area paved with tiles and a swimming pool organically look.
Modern architects, creating house design, are not limited to traditional solutions with pitched roof structures. They create projects of stylish, practical and technological houses, the construction of which requires a minimum of time and financial costs. Those who want to complete the construction of their own home in a short time should pay attention to a frame house with a pitched roof. We will talk about this economical technology for assembling wood structures in our article.
A one-story house with a shed roof, built using frame technology, is a structure made of lumber and wood panels. The frame of the building is made of hardwood timber or metal I-beams, the first option is used more often due to its low cost. A metal or wooden base is sheathed with slabs, insulated and lined, resulting in a stylish, frame house. Construction is carried out according to 1 of two popular technologies:
- Frame-panel. This method of construction assumes that the frame house is built from separate building materials. That is, the developer needs to purchase, bring to the site and, in turn, mount the frame, interior decoration, cladding, insulation, waterproofing and vapor barrier. All these materials in a certain sequence are fixed on the frame by professional workers. As a result of the work, a frame house is obtained, which has the same qualities as buildings made of timber 150x150 mm. Such projects can be used to build houses for year-round living in central Russia, which does not indulge in a mild, warm climate.
- Frame-shield. To assemble frame-panel houses, detailed projects are preliminarily created, according to which shields of the required size are made under production conditions. Shields are called complex, multilayer panels, which include an inner lining, several layers of thermal insulation, a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer, and an outer skin. They are produced according to individual sizes, so after assembling the frame of the houses, it remains only to fix the shields on it. An experienced builder can assemble a frame house in 1-2 days. Shed roof projects require another 1-2 days for the construction of floors, for the construction of pitched structures, depending on the complexity, it can take up to 7 days.
Note! Due to the use of panels, the cost of building one-story frame houses is lower than the construction of log cabins from logs or timber. To keep costs as low as possible, it is better to choose projects with a shed roof, since such a roof structure requires less building materials, installation time, and assembly is carried out by a team of 2 people in just 1-2 working days.
Features of the roof structure
A frame one-story house with has become a popular option for the construction of country cottages, country and garden dwellings, as well as townhouses of a small area. The simple form of the roof opens up new horizons for designers, giving the opportunity to create modern stylish houses that adorn the urban landscape. To make the structure look harmonious, functional and easy to maintain, you should follow a few simple rules for the design of roof structures:
Note! The shed roof of a frame house is installed on external walls that have different heights. To calculate the difference between the length of the supports, knowing the slope of the roof, you need to multiply the width of the house by the angle formed by the base and the roof slope.
Advantages
Frame construction has a short history in Russia, so some potential developers are suspicious of this technology, remembering the harsh climate of our country. However, due to the complex use of affordable materials, the properties of which complement each other, the houses are no less warm than timber or log houses. Professional builders note the following advantages of this technology:
Note! One-story houses with a shed roof, built using frame technology, have disadvantages. In this way, structures of small size are mainly built. If you decide to deviate from the standard design for which shields are made, construction costs will increase dramatically. In addition, to protect the wooden frame from the formation of rot and mold, it is treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant.
Video instruction
Nadezhda is a beautiful female name and we decided to give it to this particular house, a very modest size of 8x4 meters. We have had the idea of this small Finnish house for a long time. We created it for loving couples, young families, single people who are just about to start a family.
Despite the fact that this is a small and therefore inexpensive house, the most important principles of Finnish architecture are embodied in it: environmental friendliness, simplicity, style, quality, reliability.
Nadezhda - a Finnish house with a shed roof and a veranda
It takes inspiration to create a beautiful home. Or luck. In this case, it was the second - we saw a project of a beautiful country house made of glued laminated timber on one of the professional design sites.
We really liked the veranda and the style of the house, and we transferred the idea to the frame technology. Due to this, the house has become twice as warm and more suitable for permanent residence in the conditions of the Middle Urals. However, thanks to a well-thought-out design, Nadezhda is also suitable for any other regions of Russia - except for the regions of the Arctic. The proven "Rowan" is more suitable there.
Hope Concept
The first point that distinguishes Nadezhda from most of our projects is the pitched roof.
The advantages of a shed roof are simplicity of design, low cost, and stylistic conciseness. It is not for nothing that among the Scandinavian peoples houses with shed roofs are quite common.
The second idea of the house is a spacious veranda, which greatly increases the usable area of the house during the warm season.
The third idea is universality: the project of a country house easily becomes a project of a house for permanent residence. Let's look at the layout.
Layout of a one-story country house Nadezhda 8x4 in size plus a veranda
Veranda - 16 square meters in area. If desired, it can be enlarged, made open and, for example, partially glazed.
Entrance hall - 4 square meters, such an area will allow you to optimally equip this space.
From the hallway there are doors to three rooms. A bathroom, I will not tire of repeating - a bathroom is necessary in a country house.
Kitchen living room to the left - 11 square meters. The optimal size for a room of this purpose. A large window will fill the room with light and visually add additional volume.
The bedroom in our country house is also 11 meters in area. The standard size of the bedroom, which will fit a large bed wardrobe and chest of drawers. In the bedroom, as we believe, there should not be extra cluttering furniture. Under ideal conditions, you can abandon the closet, placing things from it in the closet or another room.
