Types of dry siphons and installation of drains with dry siphons. Shower drains at a glance What does "dry seal" mean?

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Dry shutter - best protection from the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer

One of the most popular devices for wastewater systems is a sewer drain. They are designed to receive and discharge wastewater from a horizontal floor surface into the sewer system. These devices are found wide application in residential, public and industrial buildings. The design of the ladder should provide the following functions:

drain water quickly and efficiently;
filter wastewater from large contaminants;
prevent the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room.

Advantages and scope of dry drain

Until recently, only ladders with a hydraulic seal were produced. A water seal is a certain way, filled with water, which prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewerage system into the room. Such a shutter requires periodic renewal in the form of a strait with water. The most common problem in the operation of sewer drains with a hydraulic seal is the drying up of water and the unpleasant odors that the sewer is rich in, freely enter the room, causing inconvenience to people.

Scheme of assembly of ladders with straight and oblique outlets

Let's figure out what can cause the drying of the water seal. There are many reasons, and the most important among them are: the ladder is used occasionally (for example, it is located in the guest bathroom, in the shower room of the hotel complex or is designed to drain water in case of an emergency leak, and not for regular everyday use), heated floor, high air temperature indoors, hot climate, failure of the water seal due to design errors in the sewerage system.

At present, the requirements are becoming more stringent, people need comfortable use of devices, excluding additional labor costs for device maintenance.

The way out of this situation is to use a drain equipped with a dry seal, and this solution is becoming increasingly popular.

This device does not allow the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the absence of a water seal and does not require frequent maintenance. A dry seal for sewerage can work both independently and as a set with a water seal, when each of them complements each other.

Dry shutter device

The most common devices:

Membrane. Under the pressure of the water passing through the ladder, the shutter opens, and after the passage of water, the spring moves the membrane to its original position. Access to unpleasant odors is reliably blocked.
Float. It works due to the fact that the float is always on the surface of the water seal, and when the water evaporates, the float is at the very bottom and closes the passage.
Pendulum. Under the influence of gravitational forces mechanical device constantly strives to take a position that blocks the sewer pipe.
Based on the molecular memory properties of the material. Tubes of elastic material are used, which always tends to return to its original shape.

Dry and combined drains are made of durable materials (mainly a plastic body and a stainless steel grate) on modern equipment. The lineup of these devices expands, you can pick up a dry ladder, equipped check valve to protect against ingress of sewage from sewer system in case of flooding, as well as select models that can be operated in unheated premises under conditions sub-zero temperatures, as well as heavy-duty, able to remain sealed under significant shock loading.

Main technical parameters

When choosing any sewer drain, including those with a dry seal, it is imperative to pay attention to a number of the following important technical issues: outlet direction and diameter, capacity and height. The drain at the ladders is either located horizontally (straight and oblique bends are made), or vertically (directed down). Next parameter, which must be taken into account is the diameter of the outlet. There are ladders with 50 and 100 mm. AT housing construction mainly use ladders with a conditional passage of 50 mm, they must ensure the removal of wastewater in an amount of at least 0.7 l / s. Drains with a conditional passage of 100 mm are installed in public premises and at industrial facilities, they must ensure the discharge of wastewater of more than 2.1 l / s. picking up sewer ladder, great attention should be paid to such a parameter as the height of the ladder (in modern models height ranges from 7 to 18 cm). ladder made of quality materials has an almost unlimited lifespan.

Installation of a sewer ladder

Installing a dry device is no different from installing a drain with a water seal. It must be remembered that from quality installation, correct connection to sewerage and from competent selection drain drain depends on its service life, the safety of water leakage and the aesthetic appearance after finishing. The installation of the drain entails some lifting of the floor in the shower room or other room in which it is necessary to divert waste water from a horizontal floor surface. It is extremely important to create a slope of the floor to direct the water to the drain.

The floor in the room in which the sewer ladder is installed should be a system consisting of several layers:

material providing thermal and sound insulation (for example, polystyrene foam);
concrete screed;
membrane material with waterproofing properties;
concrete screed, which sets the required slope towards the ladder;
ceramic floor tiles with a rough surface and a minimum percentage of water absorption, which is laid on a special adhesive solution.

When implementing installation work when connecting to the sewer, it must be remembered that the grate of the drain is installed flush with the floor surface and should not protrude above the tiles located in the immediate vicinity. Tiles are laid, starting from the ladder. The thickness of the joints between tiles should not exceed 2 mm; when sealing the joints, grouts that are resistant to water are used. After completion of the work, the ladder is securely concreted into the floor.

Opt for a dry drain, and you can forget about the musty smell from the sewer, and also you will not need to monitor the regular replenishment of the water seal with water. This device will serve you long years, reliably perform their functions and please with ease of maintenance.

The drain HL 310 NPr is used in indoor areas for drainage from floor level. The ladder is equipped with a water seal 50 mm ("dry" siphon Primus), which does not let sewer odors into the room when it dries out. Permissible load on the ladder - a maximum of 300 kg. Throughput - 0.5 l / s. Drainage temperature - no more than 85°C (a short-term runoff of water with a temperature of up to 100°C is possible, but for a drain volume - 100-200 liters). Outlet - vertical DN 50/75/110. Weight of the ladder HL 310 NPr - 0.7 kg.

The drain 310NPr has: an extension made of polypropylene with a 123x123 mm subframe, into which a 115x115 mm stainless steel grate is inserted, "dry siphon". The body is made of polyethylene with a "plate" for picking up waterproofing.

The price of the ladder HL 310 NPr is 2237 rubles.

Features of installation of the ladder HL 310NPr: The height of the extension element of the ladder is adjustable from 12 to 70 mm (it is cut to the height of the screed). You can not cut the body! Because this will reduce throughput. If it is necessary to increase the height of the ladder, HL extensions (340 N and 85 N) are used. If the drain is installed in a gap in the waterproofing, then the rubber sealing ring is not placed on the extension. The absence of a ring makes it possible for water that has fallen on the waterproofing to drain freely into the sewer through special channels in the extension element and the drain body. If used as waterproofing sheet material type - bituminous sheet, EPDM or PVC membrane, etc., then for a tight connection of the waterproofing with the body of the drain, it is necessary to use a stainless steel flange HL83.0 (for EPDM / PVC membrane) or HL83.H (for bituminous sheet). Flanges are not included in the scope of supply and must be ordered separately.

How the Primus siphon works

Siphon while draining water Drying of the water seal Siphon in the "dry" state

1. Siphon body

2. Float

3. Air in the body of the float

4. Water (water lock)

Components of the drain HL 310 NPr:

	grille HL 037Pr.1E
	Mounting plug HL 037N.0E

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Service features

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Floor drain systems are very popular because they allow the use of shower enclosures without purchasing shower trays. Water flows directly to the floor, from there it enters the sewer. Drainage of water into the sewer pipes is provided by drains for showers, mounted directly on the floor.

The principle of operation of the drain

Plumbing fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs or showers are connected to the sewer, there is no other way to remove used water in apartments. The pipe through which the draining water is supplied to the socket of the sewer system, willy-nilly, turns out to be a conductor of unpleasant odors from the bowels of the city sewer to the apartment atmosphere.

To prevent the entry of stench into the room, various shutters are used. Classic option The solution to this problem is a siphon, the design of which allows you to create a water plug, called a water seal, that inhibits the passage of gases from the sewer. But if a siphon of any proposed size is suitable for draining water from a sink in the kitchen, then for a shower cabin it is not so simple, since the height of the siphon requires a certain amount of free space to accommodate it.

The functions of the ladder are simple and few:

Collection of draining water;
Delivery of the collected waste liquid through the outlet (drain) pipe to the sewer;
Filtration of wastewater from polluting components in order to prevent emergency blockages;
Creating a barrier to the passage of malodorous gases from the sewer through the outlet (drain) pipe into the room.

The dimensions of the drains are most often in the range from 70 to 120 cm. drain system a headroom of free space is required between the catchment area (i.e. the floor of the shower room) and concrete base under the floor about 8 - 20 cm.

For concrete floors of high-rise buildings, the option of deepening in the floor is categorically unacceptable, since the installation of a ladder in the shower floor in this way means emergency weakening concrete floor above the neighbor's head below. In this case, you have to build a small podium or raise the level of the bathroom floor. Enough to raise the floor level concrete screed 4 cm thick.

When free space is limited, which implies the installation of a siphon, drain drains are installed to ensure the removal of used water directly from the horizontal surface of the room. Depending on the degree of localization of the drain, the drain for the shower cabin is located:

On the small area floor in the form drainage channel or gutters;
Spot anywhere in the room.

Types of shower drains

Drainage gutters or channels

They have rectangular section, consist of a protective grille and a housing. The most preferred place for their placement is at the entrance to the cabin or near the wall. The plumbing market offers:

rectilinear,
curvilinear,
angular channels.

Numerous design concepts are embodied in grate designs, such as illuminated shower channels! Consumers clearly do not want the simple rectangular channels to resemble rainwater outlets on the streets.

They work in a similar way to the channel spillway method, that is, sending wastewater through pipes to the sewer. And the forms of point ladders are also diverse, that is:

square,
round,
Triangular.

But if square and round drains are mounted anywhere on the floor, then corner options designed to mask the place of the drain.

In the corner of the bathroom, they are almost invisible, while due to the specifics of the placement of square and round drains, it has become fashionable to install decorative lattices the most expensive options. For example, the brass grille shown here, made “under gold”, will cost the customer 10 thousand rubles.

Shower drain design

In accordance with functional purpose, gangway includes:

Drain body made of stainless steel or plastic;
A shutter that serves as a barrier to stench from the sewer;
A protective grate that allows you to decoratively adapt the shower drain to tiles and other flooring options in the bathroom;
Pipeline.

It is important! It is necessary to be able to correctly determine the required flow rate of effluents. If a bath requires a device with a passage of DN 100 mm, then for apartment conditions it is sufficient to install a drain DN 50 mm.

Which shutter to choose?

The type of closure used, or more precisely, the way in which odors are prevented from entering the living room, is fundamental to the development of the design of drain models. As already mentioned, just a small amount of water is enough, which plays the role of a water plug, and the task assigned to the water seal will be solved.

At constant use soul (meaning use at least once every one and a half to two weeks), its level remains unchanged, since it is replenished with each passage of the next batch of drains.

Immediately about the shortcomings of the "wet water seal"

With occasional irregular use of the shower cabin, and, accordingly, the drain system, sooner or later the liquid will completely evaporate from the shutter. A “gas attack” of an aggressive gaseous environment from the sewer will begin, which is expressed in the appearance of unpleasant specific odors. A shower drain with a water seal is not able to resist such occasional use, so it is not used in baths or utility rooms who may not be visited for months.

Since the operation of a “wet water seal” is in some cases ineffective due to the drying of the water plug, logic prompted the need to use, figuratively speaking, a dry water seal that does not depend on the presence of water in the siphon.

What does "dry shutter" mean?

The operation of shower drains with a dry shutter is based on the return of the actuating elements to their original working (shut-off) state after the end of exposure to the flow of drain drains. Here are some popular options for dry seals:

Membrane type, the actuating element of which is an elastic membrane that opens when exposed to flow to allow fluid to pass into the sewer. When the flow dries up, the membrane will return to its original state, ensuring the tightness of the device;
Pendulum type equipped with a pendulum valve with one fixed point. Passing drains deflect the valve from its equilibrium position, and gravity returns it to its original state.
Float type, which is a symbiosis of dry and hydraulic seal designs. The float valve (in homemade products, ordinary balls play its role) floats in the presence of liquid and does not interfere with the removal of liquid. When the water evaporates, the float will sink into the nest and close the through gate. At the next reset, the structure will be filled with water, the ladder will start working as a water seal.

The use of the dry principle of operation ensures reliable operation of the entire drain system during its irregular operation, which provokes the evaporation of moisture from the hydraulic lock. Reliability and durability of operation will also be enhanced by stainless steel shower drains, which are absolutely indifferent to contact with chemical aggressive water our water systems.

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How to choose and install a sewer ladder?

Today, many people prefer to implement their own ideas for organizing a bathroom instead of installing standard shower cabins. in accessories and finishing materials there is no lack. If you do without a pallet, you can significantly increase usable area and create your own shower stall design. In order for all these advantages to “work”, you need to know how the floor drain is installed. Without the right one, there is nothing to think about the comfortable operation of the bathroom.

Properly installing a drain will help avoid flooding your neighbors and damaging your bathroom renovation.

What are the ladders?

The material of manufacture can be different, and these products can be metal, aluminum, plastic, cast iron, combined metal and plastic. The shape of the ladders is also not the same, but the most common are round, square and rectangular. The height of the products varies from 75 to 180 mm depending on the model. By design, they are all similar and consist of the following elements:

Front panel (grille). May have different sizes and the shape of the drain holes.
Siphon. Designed to prevent the penetration of odors from the sewer system. It can be made in several versions: water seal, dry seal, mechanical seal. The latter is set to outdoors or in non-residential premises.
Sealant.
Elements for sealing (pressing).
Frame.

Structural features of ladders

Horizontal. The most commonly used type, since its installation is possible on any floor, regardless of the number of storeys.
Vertical. Differ significantly more throughput but require special installation conditions.

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What to consider when choosing a ladder?

It is important to choose the right ladder, since after installation it will be difficult to dismantle it: you will need to remove flooring and screed.

Floor drain structure with combined system shutter.

The material of manufacture is not so important, everyone chooses what he likes best. Now the most popular plastic ladders, as they have the most interesting design, there are different color combinations. Feel free to buy hardware They are durable and do not corrode.

You should decide on the dimensions of the ladder. Suitable for showers of medium size with good throughput. If a ladder is needed in a drainage or other system, then the size is determined based on the estimated volume of drains. An important point is the configuration of the sewerage system in the place where the drain will be installed. For example, the design of domestic sewer pipes allows you to connect up to 3 outlets (pipes from a sink, sinks, etc.). The direction and diameter of the outlet is very important, this point must be taken into account.

Optimal Performance

Corner drains have a mechanical water seal PURUS Nood.

throughput not less than 1.2 l / s;
built-in siphon;
if at home sewer pipeline plastic with a section of 110 mm, then the drain must have sleeve connections of the same diameter for a vertical drain or 50 mm for a horizontal one;
the grating must be designed for load class A;
the design of the ladder must ensure the adjustment of its installation depth in accordance with the mark of the floor covering;
equipment with seals;
It would be nice to have installation instructions.

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Which ladder is better: with a dry or hydraulic shutter?

More recently, manufacturers produced products only with hydraulic seal. What does he represent? This is a tube bent at a certain angle in which the liquid is located. It is she who is the obstacle that the odors coming from the sewer system cannot overcome. Caring for such a shutter is simple: it is enough to periodically spill it with water.

What is the disadvantage of such a design? The fact that the shutter during infrequent use of the shower dries up: unpleasant odors start to get uncomfortable. It is also possible for other reasons: design errors, elevated air temperature in the room, use of the “warm floor” system.

With the appearance on the market of drains equipped with a dry shutter, many problems were solved by themselves, and these designs became very popular. Such products are also convenient in that they can work both independently and in combination with a water seal.

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How is the shutter at the ladder arranged?

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Membrane

The shutter is equipped with a diaphragm to which a spring is attached. When the water is drained, the membrane opens and lets it through, and when the flow ends, it closes the inlet to the sewer under the action of a spring.

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float

On the surface of the water in the hydraulic seal tube there is a kind of float, which, as the flow of water decreases, falls and blocks the through hole.

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pendulum

Its work is based on the principle of gravitational force. Under its influence, the mechanical device of the shutter always tends to take a position in which it closes the pipe.

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Installation of a sewer ladder

Installation of products with a dry and water seal is practically no different. The main rule: you should make such a floor to ensure the proper level of slope to the ladder for unhindered drainage of water into the riser. Therefore, the installation of a drain funnel is often associated with raising the floor level or dismantling an existing floor covering.

Basic installation rules: