What to plant in the garden list of vegetables. Landing planning. Timing for sowing main garden crops in open ground Planting garden plants in the middle group

Elena Kalinina

Abstract of GCD« Planting» V middle group

Meshcheryakova Elena Alekseevna, teacher

Tasks:

1. Clarify and systematize children’s knowledge about gardening and indoor plants;

2. Strengthen children’s knowledge of care and planting;

3. Reinforce knowledge about the conditions necessary for growth plants;

4. Foster a caring attitude and desire to grow plants.

Preliminary work. Conversations on the topic "Indoor and garden plants» , didactic games "What has changed", "Call me kindly", reading poems about flowers.

Progress of the lesson:

Organizational aspects.

Guys, I invite you to a flower meadow. Look how much beautiful flowers in the clearing. Feel the aroma of flowers, breathe in the air.

We all love flowers. Flowers that grow what are they called in flower beds? (garden flowers).

What garden flowers do you know? (Iris, aster, rose, tulip)

But flowers grow not only in flower beds, but also in houses, on our windowsill.

What do we call them? (Indoor flowers)

Which indoor flowers do you know? Well done, you know a lot about indoor flowers.

What conditions are needed for flowers to grow? (Water, heat, earth)

It’s right that for our flowers to grow, bloom, multiply and delight us, they need light, warmth, water, and earth.

Indoor flowers will be beautiful and healthy if they are well cared for.

We all know how to care for flowers.

Let's remember.

How do you, Sofia, take care of the flowers (I water the flowers, loosen the soil, spray the leaves with a spray bottle, wipe the leaves).

How should you water flowers? (Water carefully, along the edge of the pot)

What kind of water should I use? (You need to water the flowers with warm, settled water)

We need to take care of flowers and then the flowers will benefit us.

What benefits can flowers bring to a person? (Flowers absorb bad air, heal wounds, calm the nervous system)

Yes, guys, flowers purify the air, heal wounds, so flowers need to be protected.

Fizminutka

Let's be friends grow up

And choose a job.

We'll go astronauts

We will lead the ships.

Let's go to helicopter pilots

We'll fly the helicopters.

And we will become pilots, we will fly airplanes

We'll go to gardening

And we will all water the flowers.

Guys, we received a letter from the gardener, he asks you a riddle:

You see them everywhere:

And in the flowerbed, and in the pot,

And in the park and in the garden,

And even on the pond,

Green ones will cheer you up...

(plants)

What beautiful flowers

They are called marigolds.

You guys want marigolds to grow in our flowerbed in the summer. What is needed for this? (Necessary plant a plant)

Imagine how beautiful it will be on our site when the velvets bloom, but in order for the marigold seeds to germinate, grow, and bloom, we need to work hard.

Let's remember the rules landings.

What should we do first? (Dig up the soil, loosen it, make furrows, water it, plant seeds, cover with soil, water the grooves with water)

Let's go to work, put on your aprons, come to the table.

Everyone did a good job, we will now watch how seeds germinate.

Summary of the lesson.

What were we doing? What did you like about the lesson?

Publications on the topic:

GCD theme: “Landing onions» Age of children/group: 4 - 5 years old, middle group Main educational field: research and educational.

Abstract of GCD (ecology) “Planting onions” in the middle group. Prepared by: teacher Stepanova Elena Ivanovna. Purpose: To arouse cognitive awareness in children.

Summary of GCD in the middle group “Planting onions” Lesson summary in the middle group “Planting onions” Prepared by teacher A. N. Bakholdina Purpose: To teach children to plant onions; consolidate knowledge.

Goal: To arouse children's cognitive interest in growing onions; develop observation skills, learn to connect cause and effect. Educational.

Summary of an open demonstration of joint activities between a teacher and children in the senior group “Planting indoor plants” Topic: Landing indoor plants" Goal: Create conditions for the formation of social and communication skills through basic everyday life.

Purpose: 1. To introduce children to the process of planting onions. 2. Formation of skills in various activities in nature. 3. Give basic concepts.

On summer cottage a wedge must be allocated for garden crops, the main part of which are vegetables. Each culture is distinguished by its biological characteristics, formed in the climate of its area of ​​​​origin. The main condition successful cultivation vegetable crops in an environment unusual for them is the sowing time, which is associated with soil and air temperature, lighting brightness and the duration of daylight hours. For some crops this duration daylight hours does not affect the germination and development of plants. Such crops can be sown almost throughout the warm season. Others react quite painfully to changes in lighting. Breeders, when developing new varieties, always adapt them to the climatic conditions of a certain area and, accordingly, recommend approximate sowing dates, the observance of which is mandatory.

The article suggests familiarizing yourself with the approximate timing of sowing seeds of the main vegetable crops in open ground for regions with different climatic conditions.

Basic principles and conditions for sowing in open ground

Relation to temperature

The indicator for the start of sowing is the soil temperature at the depth where the bulk of the roots of a particular crop occur. Its change and the rate of warming are affected by snow cover, groundwater, soil type, its moisture. It is the heating of the soil in the root layer that makes it possible to obtain early harvest. If you sow seeds in cold soil, even cold-resistant crops may sprout, but they will not be able to form a harvest. Roots in cold soil cannot function normally to provide conditions for the development of above-ground masses. To preserve the crops, heat-loving crops are sown only when constant warm weather sets in without return spring frosts. If they are threatened, the seedlings are covered with any covering material (spunbond, lutrasil), which is removed the next morning with the onset of warm weather. Solar heating of a covered bed can adversely affect seedlings and seedlings.

Naturally, the sowing dates for the regions may not coincide according to the numerical data for the spring and summer months. Therefore, the main guidelines for starting sowing in open ground in regions with a short warm period and early onset of cold weather will be soil temperature, light intensity and the establishment of a frost-free period.

1. Using thermometers. Elbow thermometers Savinov TM-5, exhaust thermometers and probe thermometer.

It is more convenient for beginner gardeners to determine the soil temperature layer by layer with thermometers. Remember that they are used only during the warm period, and when the temperature at a depth of 5 cm drops to 0°C, they are dug up and put indoors. The measurement procedure is specified in the recommendations.

2. By plants(the state of the tree crown, the above-ground mass of shrubs, the onset of flowering of perennial wild grasses).

Take note:

• The black currant buds have blossomed and you can sow vegetable and flower crops.
• The buds of the warty birch have opened, which means the soil at a depth of 5 cm has warmed up well, the time has come for sowing early greens and planting early potatoes. The leaves have slightly unfurled - it’s time to sow radishes, carrots, and other root vegetables. The birch tree is getting ready to bloom - the soil has warmed up to 10 cm in depth. It's time to sow tomatoes in open ground.
• Dandelions bloom when the temperature in the 10 cm layer of soil warms up to +6...+8°C, and in the 10-40 cm layer - only up to +3°C.
• The bird cherry is blooming - it's time to plant potatoes.

3. According to the physical condition of the soil. This method is often used by experienced gardeners. A handful of earth is compressed into a ball. If liquid appears on the surface of the lump, it is too early to sow, but if the lump has crumbled, sow early. It fell and scattered into lumps - you can start planting early cabbage and potatoes, salads, radishes.

Attitude to lighting

In the complex of main conditions, the next one is light. It is regulated by a significantly larger list of requirements: sowing dates, air temperature, standing density, timely thinning, and destruction of tall weeds that shade the plants.

Each type of plant in natural conditions grows and develops normally under a certain length of daylight hours.

1. Neutral. Cultures of this group practically do not respond to the amount and period of the received solar energy. These include peas, beans, some varieties of tomatoes and cucumbers, as well as watermelons, asparagus and others. The list is constantly updated by breeders who “instill” in new varieties and hybrids the ability not to respond to daylength.

2. Short-day. In conditions of a shortened day (10-14 hours), plants bloom faster and begin to bear fruit. These are certain varieties and hybrids of tomatoes, beans, and cucumbers. The same group includes other pumpkins (zucchini, pumpkin, squash), corn, sweet and bitter peppers, and eggplants. A group of greens (dill, parsley, lettuce, spinach, sorrel, green onions) quickly begins to bloom (flowering).

3. Long-day. Plants of this group, with sufficient duration of illumination (more than 14 hours), enter the flowering and fruiting phase. This group of plants includes all types of cabbages, radishes, rutabaga, radishes, northern turnips, parsnips, carrots, vegetable peas, and beets. If you create short-day conditions for long-day plants using early sowing or darkening, their development will be slowed down. They will not be able to move on to the flowering and fruiting phases. They stop at forming lush rosettes of greenery ( vegetative organs).

Timing for sowing vegetable crops in open ground

Early spring sowings (mid-March - mid-April)

This group of plants consists of crops with low and medium light requirements. Sowing early spring greens and vegetables can be done in stages, after 10-12-15 days, which will prolong the receipt of fresh produce.

List of crops for sowing at soil temperatures in a 7-10 cm layer within +3...+5°C.

• Green (spicy) - dill, parsley, coriander, fennel, parsnip, leaf mustard, celery, asparagus, lemon balm and others.
• Leaf vegetables and above-ground harvesting - all types of salads, horseradish, spinach, rhubarb, peas, early cauliflower, broccoli, early ripening white cabbage.
• Bulbous and root vegetables - onion sets and nigella onions for feathers and bulbs, early carrots, radishes, radishes, turnips, rutabaga.

Mid-spring sowings (mid-April – second ten days of May)

If the spring is cold and wet, sowing is postponed to a later date (5-8 days). Like cold-resistant crops, these crops can also be sown in stages, after 10-12-15 days, which will prolong the receipt of fresh produce.

When the soil in the root layer warms up from +5°C, it is possible to continue sowing some crops that are low- and medium-demanding to sun conditions.

List of crops for sowing at soil temperatures in the 8-15 cm layer within +5...+8°C.

• Greens - leaf celery, petiole, root, chicory salad.
• Vegetables - all types of cabbage: medium white cabbage, red cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi and others. Early and medium potatoes, leeks, and spring garlic are planted. Onion sets, beans and beans are sown. Closer to May, vegetable sweet corn, sunflowers,
• Root vegetables: beets, medium carrots.

Late spring sowings (last ten days of May - mid-June)

Sowing of vegetables in open ground is carried out in the third ten days of May - June with the onset of constant warm weather without recurrent spring frosts. For example, in the central zone of Russia, Siberia, the Urals, warm weather frost-free is established after June 10-15. The soil in the root layer warms up to +12…+15-17°C. That is, open ground sowing of even early cold-resistant vegetable crops is shifted to the pre-summer period or early summer. In these regions it is more advisable to use early varieties, necessarily zoned for the local climate, use temporary shelters and grow vegetable crops in protected ground in the autumn.

3 – List of heat-loving crops, sowing of which is carried out at soil temperatures in a 10-15 cm layer up to +13...+15-17°C

When a stable warm period sets in, tomatoes, beans, melons (melons and watermelons), sunflowers, basil, marjoram, and root vegetables (carrots, beets) are sown. Seedlings of nightshade crops (tomatoes, eggplants, sweet and bitter peppers) and pumpkin crops (cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin) are planted in open ground.

Thus, experts have identified groups of plants that require certain temperature soils, frost-free weather, amount and duration of solar energy.

When selecting the timing of sowing vegetables on your site, you need to take into account that some short-day varieties require the darkness factor, but only at the beginning of the growing season (at this time they are shaded). With age, they develop normally and form fruiting in conditions have a long day. If short-day plants are provided with a day length of more than 14 hours, their development will slow down and the vegetative mass will begin to develop intensively. This property is used when forcing greens to quickly obtain fresh herbs and early vegetable products.

In cold regions, shifting the sowing of vegetable crops to earlier dates, it is necessary to use temporary shelters and prepare insulated beds.

On Far East special temperature regime. Vegetable growing is concentrated in the Amur region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories. Wet warm summer allows you to shoot enough high yields cold-resistant varieties of sweet peppers and melons, bred specifically for this zone, as well as cabbage and carrots, which can be grown in open ground, sowing after June 15, that is, pre-summer sowings. Green products of spicy-flavored vegetables grown in open ground are obtained only during summer sowing. In these regions, it is more advisable to use early varieties, necessarily zoned for the local climate, to use temporary shelters and grow vegetable crops in protected ground in the autumn.

Table 1. Dates for sowing the main vegetable crops in open ground for the Southern region

Table 2. Dates for sowing the main vegetable crops in open ground for the Central Black Earth region

Table 3. Dates for sowing the main vegetable crops in open ground for the Far Eastern region

Table 4. Dates for sowing the main vegetable crops in open ground for Siberia and the Urals

Table 5. Dates for sowing the main vegetable crops in open ground for the North-Western region

Table 6. Dates for sowing the main vegetable crops in open ground for the Middle Zone and Moscow region

The consultation briefly describes how to choose the right vegetables for planting in accordance with the age of the children, the size of the beds, the rules and timing of sowing and replanting, the depth of planting, and the rules for caring for plants.

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Consultation for preschool teachers: “How to arrange a vegetable garden in a kindergarten.”

The area for a vegetable garden for younger groups is allocated at the rate of 1 sq.m for each child (including paths). For children in the middle group, the norm increases to 1.5 square meters. m, and for older preschoolers - from 1.5 to 2 square meters. m. The size of the garden may be different, depending on local conditions.

In the area allocated for the vegetable garden, beds are made 60 cm wide and row spacing 50-60 cm wide. In addition, a central path up to 1.5 m wide is laid. A rack with tools for work is placed on it. A table and benches are provided for children to relax, conduct classes and observe.

The vegetable garden is bordered by a border of low growing plants. These could be primroses, daisies, pansies, low asters, as well as wild strawberries, especially barbelless ones. A vegetable garden decorated with a border has an attractive appearance, and in addition, natural isolation of groups is created.

A vegetable garden for younger groups is set up next to the playground. This makes it easier for the teacher to organize work with children, combining it with play. Children in the middle and older groups share a garden. This layout makes it possible to grow and monitor a large number of plants and avoid repetitions.

From vegetable plants on the site they grow: lettuce, spinach, radishes, onions, parsley, peas, cabbage (headed, cauliflower, kohlrabi), carrots, turnips, beets, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, squash, sorrel, celery, dill, perennial crops- rhubarb. Vegetable plants have many varieties. On the site, those crops that are zoned for a given region and district are grown.

For the younger ones' garden groups should use fast-growing vegetables, and especially those that can be eaten raw. These are onions, peas, beans, radishes. Older children can sow lettuce, carrot, and turnip seeds for them.

In the garden for the average groups plant the same crops, but it is desirable to have, if possible, not one, but two varieties (for example, head and leaf lettuce, pink and white radishtip and white). In addition, you can grow spinach. By comparing vegetables, children can find general signs and differences.

In the elders' garden groups are given the entire set of vegetable plants recommended for the kindergarten site. At the same time, vegetables are grown, which are propagated by seeds and seedlings. These are several types of cabbage (cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts), tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini. They also plant pumpkins, sunflowers, and several holes of potatoes.

Sowing and planting vegetables

Seeds for sowing must be pure grade and have good sowing properties. The main indicators of seed sowing qualities are germination, purity and low humidity. To speed up the emergence of seedlings, the seeds are soaked and germinated. Seeds of carrots, onions, beets cost 1-2 days, cucumbers, cabbage, radishes, lettuce, zucchini - 8-12 hours, peas - 2-6 hours.

Sowing dates (for the northwestern zone).

Sowing dates for plants vary. Frost-resistant crops (carrots, parsley, lettuce, radishes, dill) are sown from the very beginning field work- from the first half of May, since the seedlings of these plants can withstand small spring frosts. Umbelliferous seeds (carrots, parsley, dill) and onions do not germinate for a long time, so they are sown earlier than most crops so that they have time to germinate before the top layer of soil dries out.

At temperatures of +5, +8°, ​​onion sets, potatoes, turnips, radishes, rutabaga are sown and planted, and cabbage seedlings are also planted in the ground.

Crops that require heat (cucumbers, pumpkin, zucchini, tomatoes, beans) are sown and planted as seedlings when the soil temperature rises to +10° and the danger of spring frosts has passed.
To obtain an earlier harvest of vegetables, use winter crops. They are carried out in such a way that the seeds do not germinate before the soil freezes, since autumn seedlings die from winter frosts. They are usually sown in the second half of October. Before winter, you can sow radishes, parsley, carrots, lettuce, dill, spinach, plant onion sets, and garlic.

Seed placement depth.The depth of seed placement depends on their size, sowing time and soil moisture. The smaller the seeds, the shallower the planting depth should be. Small but quickly germinating seeds of lettuce, turnips, rutabaga are planted to a depth of 1-1.5 cm, radish and radish seeds - 1.5-2 cm. Sprouts of medium-sized cucumber and beet seeds can break through a thicker layer of soil : they are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm. Large seeds of peas, beans, beans are planted to a depth of 3-5 cm.

Seeds of carrots, parsley, and onions do not germinate due to slow germination when planted shallowly, as surface layer The soil dries out quickly, and if it is deep, the seedlings cannot break through to the surface of the soil and also die. Therefore, their seeds are planted to a depth of 0.5-1 cm, and then covered with humus up to 2 cm thick.

Plant care.Vegetable plants produce a harvest if they are constantly cared for.

After rain or artificial irrigation, the soil becomes compacted and a crust often forms. The seedlings of umbellifers, onions and beets especially suffer from this. The crust is destroyed by loosening. Weeds harm plants. They are more adapted to the struggle for light, moisture and food than cultivated plants.

Weeding, thinning and proper agricultural technology are the main conditions for weed control. It is also important to remove weeds from adjacent roads and ditches before they bloom. Mulching, i.e. covering the soil surface with manure, peat, humus, protects crops from weeds and improves physical and chemical properties top layer of soil.

When growing vegetable plants, pest and disease control is very important. The first place among pests is occupied by insects, then mammals (rodents), arachnids ( spider mite), soft-bodied (slugs), some worms (beet nematode). Many bacteria and fungi cause plant diseases.

To control pests on the site, you can use preventive methods, mechanical and biological. Preventive methods have great value, especially compliance with crop rotation - correct rotation of crops, taking into account their biological features. Important has pre-sowing treatment soil, as well as compliance with the timing of seed sowing.

Cruciferous crops, especially cabbage, are severely damaged by cabbage white caterpillars. Caterpillars are collected from plants and then destroyed (mechanical method).

Biological methods of pest control should take a leading place. This is, first of all, the protection and attraction of insectivorous birds (hanging artificial nesting boxes on the site and winter feeding of birds). Good results are obtained by attracting toads to the area, which destroy naked slugs.

Elena Filchenkova

Publication date 05/28/2019

Vegetable garden in kindergarten is one of the conditions necessary for the implementation environmental education children in kindergarten.

What is it for? vegetable garden in kindergarten?

A vegetable garden in a kindergarten is needed for to introduce preschoolers to nature and its seasonal changes.

Besides this, vegetable garden in kindergarten and the feasible work of children on its territory influence the formation of elementary environmental concepts in preschoolers.

Vegetable garden in kindergarten– this is also an opportunity to see the results of your work. Joint work on vegetable garden provides an opportunity to learn responsibility, promotes the formation of work skills and unification children's group. And of course vegetable garden in kindergarten, labor for fresh air contribute to the preservation and strengthening of children's health.

Organization rules:

In order to create vegetable garden in kindergarten, must be determined on the territory kindergarten place, which would be located in an illuminated space. Vegetable garden in kindergarten has its own planning features.

For size vegetable garden in kindergarten influenced by local location conditions kindergarten. To make it more convenient for children to reach the middle of the bed with their hands, the width of the bed should not be more than sixty centimeters. The length of one bed is approximately three meters.

To prevent water from draining from the garden bed when watering, you can do wooden frame. A distance of fifty centimeters is left between the beds so that children can freely pass between them without damaging the plantings.

Vegetable garden in kindergarten must also have a main path at least one meter wide, thanks to which children can go to the beds, and the teacher can guide organized educational activities and observations.

A table and bench are required. There, children will be able to relax after completing work assignments, observe plants and engage in joint activities with the teacher.

What to plant on vegetable garden in kindergarten?

General a vegetable garden in a kindergarten can be organized for middle-aged children, senior and preparatory groups. You can plant in common beds larger number garden plants .

That is, for example, if the children of the middle group plant peas, then the children of both the senior and preparatory groups will be able to observe its growth. This means that older children do not need to replant peas.

For younger preschoolers, who are characterized by instability of attention, it is more advisable to have beds in close proximity to playground. This way, kids can watch the plants on their own at any time. vegetable garden or carry out instructions from the teacher (water the peas, pick the onions, etc.).

In the younger group, for planting, we select seeds of fast-growing and early-ripening crops that can be eaten in the spring and summer seasons. The main requirement for planting material : Seeds and bulbs must be large in size. On your own vegetable garden kids plant onions, peas, beans, beans, and zucchini on their own. Small seeds of radishes, carrots, dill, turnips, and lettuce for children can be sown by older children or a teacher.

In the middle group we grow already known garden crops, but we sow the seeds different varieties(for example, zucchini with different colored fruits to show children the diversity of plants, their common characteristics and differences.

In the senior and preparatory groups we take for cultivation on vegetable garden such vegetable crops, like greens (dill, lettuce, sorrel and others, onions (onions, garlic, onions, cabbages (white cabbage, red cabbage, fruits (cucumber, tomato, pepper, root vegetables) (carrots, radishes, beets) and tubers (potatoes, legumes (peas, beans, cereals.

Before sowing, be sure to check the seeds for germination.

Options for planting seeds are different. You can stick sticks into the places where you want to put the seeds (peas, beans) and the children, when shown by the teacher, remove the stick and put a seed in the hole. To plant onions, you can make even grooves in the garden bed.

Vegetable garden in kindergarten assumes the presence of gardening tools. The equipment must be safe to use, real, but appropriate for the age and height of the children. To work on vegetable garden We use shovels, scoops, buckets, watering cans, and rakes. After finishing work gardening tools clear the soil and dry it.

Classes in kindergarten in the garden:

In the younger group, we involve children in planting bulbs and large seeds, watering beds, and harvesting crops.

In the middle group, in addition to the above, we teach how to use a rake and loosen the soil between the rows.

In the senior and preparatory groups, children independently dig up the beds and weed the weeds.

Children's labor We organize the garden in the following forms: individual orders – mainly in junior groups, collective work and duty. Duty on vegetable garden for plant care we introduce into preparatory group. The attendants carry out daily care of the plants on vegetable garden: watering, weeding, collecting pests. If there is a lot of work, then the whole group is involved. Fresh herbs grown on our own vegetable garden, the attendants take it to the kitchen for cooking baby food.

Thus, with competent guidance from the teacher, vegetable garden in kindergarten has a huge impact on the harmonious development of children. And, the most important achievement child labor - harvesting.

How rule, summing up the work on vegetable garden, V kindergarten events such as entertainment are held "Harvest Festival", exhibition “What autumn brought us” and more.

Publications on the topic:

Goal: To generalize and expand the knowledge of preschoolers about how to care for plants in room conditions; involve as many people as possible.

Fire safety rules in kindergarten and family Kindergarten work plan for teaching rules fire safety children and their parents Working with children: Classes. Reading a fairy tale by K.I.

Consultation for teachers on organizing nutrition in kindergarten Consultation for teachers on organizing meals in kindergarten IN EARLY AGE GROUP: The table setting should be such that.

MDOU " Kindergarten No. 14 "Senior teacher Rybnova L.N. s. Novoselitskoye 2018 Rules traffic in kindergarten.

Report on the organization of experimental activities in kindergarten Federal state educational standards define new approaches to joint activities teacher, child and parent.