A ton of potatoes from one hundred square meters. How to grow a potato crop
Is it possible to grow a ton of potatoes from one hundred square meters?
Nothing is impossible.
To get a large potato harvest, you need a lot good soil, healthy tubers and compliance with certain agricultural practices.
Each potato grower has his own method of obtaining big harvest potatoes.
I have my own. I live in Siberia, in Kemerovo region. Previously, like everyone else, I planted potatoes in a public field. For the last 10 years I have been planting hundreds of potatoes at the dacha, and this is enough for a family of 4 people.
On average, from 1 acre, I harvest up to a ton of potatoes, it all depends on weather conditions.
The land at the dacha is fertilized, in addition, in a shady corner garden plot I have a pile of plant debris in which worms of the “Prospector” breed live. These tireless workers very quickly process organic matter into vermicompost and multiply.
Vermicompost - environmentally friendly pure fertilizer, which has a positive effect on the harvest of all garden crops. Potatoes are no exception.
In the fall, I roughly dig up the soil for the potatoes without breaking up the lumps.
In the spring, I loosen the soil with a rake, do not allow moisture to evaporate through cracks in the soil and fight the first weeds in the state of cotyledon leaves.
When the earth warms up enough, which is usually May 15-20, I begin planting potatoes.
I use the Belarusian variety Lasunok. Miracle, not potatoes! The Lasunok variety is similar to the President of Belarus - just as powerful, healthy and prolific.
I plant potatoes along a line. You can laugh. Two pegs with a cord between them. I stretch it and guide the landing along the cord.
I make holes - as usual, to the depth of a spade bayonet, the distance between the holes is 30 cm. In each hole - a large 300 g mug of vermicompost and sprouted potatoes. I move the pegs to 70 cm and continue further.
When making holes in the 2nd row, I fill the 1st row with potatoes, etc.
Until the potatoes have sprouted, I till them with a rake. top layer soil - loosen and remove newly emerged weeds.
When the potatoes grow to 10 cm in height, I do the first weeding, then the second. I don’t hill potatoes as a matter of principle.
After hilling, intensive growth of tops, not tubers, occurs. Do I need this?
Many summer residents have a different opinion on this matter. To each his own.
I water the potatoes regularly, but generously. Water is supplied to the garden from a warm canal. At the end of the watering hose there is a regular store nozzle.
I fertilize 3 times per season, at intervals of 14 days. Approximately 10 g of nitroammophoska per bush. Fertilizing should be combined with watering.
If the tubers begin to come to the surface, I mulch the rows with straw; we have enough of this goodness.
I dig as follows: I go to the hole, dig up a bush with a small pitchfork and pull it out. I select the tubers and place them around the hole to dry. I don't use a scraper. I extract all the tubers from the nest with a pitchfork. There are no small items, so the potatoes don’t fly through the forks.
And so I go through the entire landing. I rest for 30 minutes. During this time, the potatoes dry out. I take a bucket and select seed potatoes. This must be done after digging.
Spring is the time to plant the main crop - potatoes. Many gardeners have the opinion that potatoes, an unpretentious crop, will grow no matter how you plant it, but this, of course, is not the case. If you plant it somehow, you will get a meager harvest.
Amateur potato growers are proactive people, everyone knows their own. They get up to a ton of potatoes per hundred square meters!
With some of the most sustainable potato growing methods to produce high yields, we want to introduce you.
First of all, let us recall the generally accepted method of growing potatoes. In the fall, manure is added - 600 kg. per hundred square meters and they dig up the ground. In the spring, they dig up again, level and make holes in the rows at a distance of 30 cm from each other. 70 cm are left between the rows. Tubers weighing 50-70 g each are selected for planting.
If the manure has not been scattered since the fall, then in the spring rotted or half-rotted manure is added to the holes. It will take 200-300 kg. per hundred. It is recommended to add the same amount of ash and 5-7 g (teaspoon) of nitroammophosphate at this time. Sprouted tubers are laid out to a depth of 6-8 cm. The ground is leveled after planting. Before the emergence of seedlings, the ground is loosened again to remove the crust. Twice a season, after rain or heavy watering, planting.
For one hundred square meters they spend 22-30 kg. potatoes or 435 tubers. The harvest is about 200 kg. hundreds.
The technology of Vladimir Petrovich Ushakov, who works in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, is based on the use of manure processed into vermicompost and a particularly careful attitude towards soil organisms, which he calls “living matter”.
At the beginning of March, V.P. Ushakov punches holes in piles of manure with a crowbar all the way to the ground and by the end of April he receives a semi-rotted mass containing many earthworms and microorganisms.
Vladimir Petrovich begins cultivating the land quite late, from April 28 to May 15, when at a depth of 10-12 cm the earth warms up to 8-10°. He doesn't make garden beds. The soil is loosened to a depth of 15 cm with a fork without turning the layer, leveled and evenly marked over the entire surface for holes. Each hole is located in all directions from neighboring holes at a distance of 45 cm (according to the principle of an equilateral triangle). He makes them quite wide and 15 cm deep. He pours about 700 g of rotted manure with worms into each and covers it with a 2-3 cm layer of soil. Sprouted tubers weighing 70-90 g with 5-7 sprouts are planted at a depth of 6- 8 cm. Covers the top with soil taken when digging the next hole, without turning the layer over. When the potato tops grow to 20-25 cm, carry out circular hilling only once, leaving the top 5-8 cm of the tops uncovered.
No further care, including watering, is required. V.P. Ushakov harvests potatoes no later than the second half of August.
Using this technology, in an illuminated area, fertile soil and under favorable weather conditions, the “Belarusian Pink” variety gave a record result - 1150 kg. from a hundred! The “Sineglazka” variety under the same conditions is 700 kg. On poor soils, potato yields grown using the Ushakov method are reduced by 2 times, and if the area is not very well lit, then by 4 times.
Spends V.P. Ushakov per hundred square meters is 40-50 kg. potatoes or 550 tubers.
The American vegetable grower Dr. Mittlider grows potatoes, like other vegetables, on narrow beds 0.45 m wide and 9 m long with passages of at least 75 cm. On the day of planting, pre-sowing fertilizer is applied to undug soil - mixture No. 1 and mixture No. 2. After applying the fertilizer, dig up the soil and form ridges with sides. Sprouted tubers weighing 50-70 g are planted at a distance of 30 cm from each other with inside sides. When the shoots appear, fertilizing begins - 4 times with an interval of 4-10 days. For this purpose, pour 450 g of mixture No. 2 in a narrow strip in the center of the ridge and dissolve it by watering. In dry weather, it continues to water even after fertilizing is finished. Watering is especially important when buds are formed and during the flowering period.
Mittlider potatoes do not loosen or hill up; some of the tubers sometimes end up close to the surface and may turn green. Therefore, during the budding period, it is recommended to mulch the plantings by 2-3 cm.
On one hundred square meters, Mittlider places 8 beds, spending 25-35 kg. potatoes or 490 tubers. From each ridge he receives 70 kg in the fall. potatoes, harvest per hundred square meters is 550 kg.
A resident of the Tula region, Viktor Alekseevich Bulanov, developed his method over the course of 8 years. In the fall, he contributes 600-800 kg for every hundred square meters. manure and digs up the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel (to a depth of 25 cm). In the spring, before planting, introduces the main mineral fertilizer. Scatters 5 kg over the soil surface. nitroammophoska (marked 17-17-17) and digs again to a depth of 15 cm.
The site is leveled and divided into strips of unequal width. After the 20 cm strip there is a strip 80 cm wide, then again 20 cm, etc. The direction of the stripes is strictly from north to south. Along the boundaries of 20-centimeter strips, directly on the soil surface, sprouted potato tubers are laid out at a distance of 30 cm from each other. On the resulting double rows of tubers lying on flat ground, he rakes earth from wide strips so as to cover the tubers only by 2-3 cm.
As the tops grow, the potatoes are hilled up at least three times (in the spring, in case of cold weather, it is recommended to hill up the young tops high).
Feeding V.A. Bulanov begins in early summer after the onset of stable warm weather. Three times per season, with an interval of approximately 10 days, applies linear meter double row of 50 g of nitroammophoska - in the hollow between the rows. Fertilizes before rain or combines fertilizing with watering. To prevent the fertilizer solution from draining, when dividing the plot, make sides of soil at the ends of the rows.
When the tops close together, he stops fertilizing, and piles the tops of adjacent rows on top of each other and hills them up so that a flat mound is formed without a hollow in the middle. Since then, it has only been weeded periodically, and in dry weather it has been watered (sprinkling).
Shortly before harvesting, the tops are rolled with a log and left in this state for about a week. After that, he mows it at a height of 15-20 cm, and after a few days he digs up the potatoes.
Per hundred square meters V.A. Bulanov spends 30-40 kg. potatoes or 590 tubers weighing 50-70 g. Harvest 600-700 kg. from one hundred square meters. You can get up to a ton per hundred square meters!
For the second year he has been growing potatoes using a new two-tier method proposed by Oleg Yuryevich Georgiev from Krasnodar region, experienced gardener with extensive experience Marina Yanovna Stein. She divides the area for potatoes into strips 30 cm wide with intervals between them of 60-70 cm. For every 3.5 m, she adds 8-10 kg. humus and 0.5 kg. . He digs up and makes grooves 8 cm deep along the edges of the strips on both sides.
In the first furrow there are potatoes the size of chicken egg lays them out at a distance of 30 cm from each other, and in the other at the same distance, but 15 cm away from the edge. Thus, the potatoes in the second furrow are staggered in relation to the first. He fills up the ridges and begins planting the second tier of potatoes. Having retreated 15 cm from the beginning of the first furrow, she lays out the tubers at the same distance of 30 cm from each other, but already on the surface of the soil.
In the second furrow with opposite side The tubers are also placed on the surface of the soil, but in a checkerboard pattern. The top rows of potatoes are covered to a depth of 3 cm with soil from the paths. So, in each furrow, there are two vertical rows of planting. One at a depth of 11 cm (8 + 3 cm) and the second at a depth of 3 cm, with one tuber shifted relative to the other by 15 cm.
When the potatoes grow to 10-15 cm, Marina Yanovna hills them to a height of 20 cm only once per season. The earth for hilling is taken from the paths. As a result, each ridge takes the shape of a trapezoid with four rows of potatoes - two rows at a depth of 31 cm and the other two at a depth of 23 cm. Each of the two rows does not interfere with the other, being in vertical plane. M. Stein waters and, if necessary, feeds the plantings only until flowering. The tops are cut off two weeks before harvesting, leaving stumps 7-10 cm high.
Let's imagine one situation. Let's say you have planned out your entire plot for... different cultures, and you only have one hundred square meters of land left for potatoes. Do you think it is possible to get a whole ton of potato harvest from just one hundred square meters of land? Many may be surprised, but it is possible; on just one hundred square meters of land, you can get a whole ton of potatoes.
How to collect a ton of potatoes from one hundred square meters
Now let's look at all the intricacies; indeed, you can eat a ton of potatoes. collect from one hundred square meters, using one trick. We will plant the most common tubers that are selected for planting.
Spring is the best best time year, to plant this main crop, and if you know the little tricks, then a ton of potatoes from one hundred square meters secured. Many summer residents and gardeners have the opinion that potatoes are an unpretentious crop, no matter how you plant them, they will grow, and in this they are mistaken. If you treat this somehow, then you will get the same harvest as you planted. Potato growers are amateurs, enterprising and enterprising people, everyone has their own knowledge and secrets. So there you go knowledgeable people, they can easily achieve such results from their one hundred square meters! And now we will introduce you to some of the most successful methods of growing potatoes that allow you to get high yields.
But before that, just remember the most common growing method this crop, which is used almost everywhere, and compare it with the method described below. So let's begin.
In the fall, they prepare the land for planting, apply manure, for one hundred square meters, you will need 600 kg, after that, naturally, the land is plowed or dug up, as it suits you. In the spring, they plow again, level and form rows and holes at a distance of 30 cm from each other. 70 cm are left between the rows. The selection material for planting is, as expected, tubers weighing 50-70 g each. If you didn’t have time to apply manure in the fall, then in the spring you add rotted or half-rotted manure into the holes; you will need 200-300 kg of it per hundred square meters. It is recommended to add the same amount of ash and 5-7 g (teaspoon) of nitroammophoska at this time. Sprouted tubers are laid out to a depth of 6-8 cm. The ground is leveled after planting. Before the emergence of seedlings, the ground is loosened again to remove the crust. Twice a season, after rain or heavy watering, the plantings are hilled.
On one hundred square meters spend 22-30 kg of potatoes or 435 tubers. The yield is about 200 kg per hundred square meters.
Another technology based on the use of (vermicompost) - vermicompost- This organic fertilizer, processed product organic waste agriculture earthworms (most often Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus) and bacteria with the participation of other organisms (insects, fungi, etc.) Vermicompost is especially careful about soil organisms, which it calls “living matter”. Around the beginning of March, holes are punched in the manure with a crowbar all the way to the ground and by the end of April a half-rotted mass is obtained containing many earthworms and various beneficial microorganisms.
Tillage carried out when, at a depth of approximately 10-12 cm, the earth warms up to 8-10 degrees. The soil is loosened to a depth of 15 cm, without turning the layer, and then leveled. Next, we evenly mark out the locations for the holes over the entire surface. Each hole should be located in all directions from neighboring holes at a distance of 45 cm (according to the principle of an equilateral triangle). The holes are made quite wide and 15 cm deep. We pour approximately 700 g of rotted manure with worms into each hole and cover it with a 2-3 cm layer of soil on top.
Pre-selected and germinated tubers weighing 70 - 90 grams, with 5 - 7 sprouts, need to be planted to a depth of 6 - 8 cm. Cover the top with soil taken when digging the next hole, without turning the layer over. And when the potato tops grow to 20-25 cm, you need to hill them just once, leaving the top 5-8 cm of the tops uncovered. Further care, including watering, is no longer required. Harvesting is carried out no later than the second half of August.
Using this technology, in an area illuminated and warmed by the sun, fertile soil and under favorable weather conditions, white potato varieties produce a record harvest - 1150 kg per hundred square meters! For example, the variety “Sineglazka” in such conditions produced 700 kg. from one hundred square meters.
The American vegetable grower Dr. Mittlider grows potatoes, like other vegetables, on narrow beds 0.45 m wide and 9 m long with passages of at least 75 cm. On the day of planting, pre-sowing fertilizer is applied to undug soil - mixture No. 1 and mixture No. 2. After applying the fertilizer, the soil is dug up and ridges with sides are formed. Sprouted tubers weighing 50-70 g are planted at a distance of 30 cm from each other on the inside of the sides. When the shoots appear, fertilizing begins - 4 times with an interval of 4-10 days. For this purpose, pour 450 g of mixture No. 2 in a narrow strip in the center of the ridge and dissolve it by watering. In dry weather, it continues to water even after fertilizing is finished. Watering is especially important when buds are formed and during the flowering period.
Some scientists believe that during the time of the Incas, potatoes were cultivated on such round terraces 50 km from the famous Inca capital of Cusco.
Planting potatoes in the generally accepted way according to the method of Mittlander, Bulanov, Ushakov. For more uniform lighting, it is better to place the rows from north to south.
Strange as it may seem, Mittlider potatoes do not loosen or hill up; some of the tubers sometimes end up close to the surface and may turn green. Therefore, during the budding period, it is recommended to mulch the plantings by 2-3 cm. On one hundred square meters, Mittlider places 8 beds, using 25-35 kg of potatoes or 490 tubers. From each ridge he receives 70 kg of potatoes in the fall, the yield per hundred square meters is 550 kg. A resident of the Tula region, Viktor Alekseevich Bulanov, developed his method over the course of 8 years. In the fall, for each hundred square meters, he applies 600-800 kg of manure and digs the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel (to a depth of 25 cm). In the spring, before planting, he applies the main mineral fertilizer: he scatters 5 kg of nitroammophoska (marked 17-17-17) over the soil surface and digs again, but to a depth of 15 cm. The plot is leveled and divided into strips of unequal width: behind a 20-cm strip there is a strip 80 cm wide, then again 20 cm, etc. The direction of the stripes is strictly from north to south. Sprouted potato tubers are laid out along the boundaries of 20-centimeter strips directly on the surface of the soil at a distance of 30 cm from each other. On the resulting double rows of tubers lying on flat ground, he rakes earth from wide strips so as to cover the tubers only by 2-3 cm.
As the tops grow, the potatoes are hilled up at least three times (in the spring, in case of cold weather, it is recommended to hill up the young tops high). Feeding V.A. Bulanov begins in early summer after the onset of stable warm weather. Three times a season, with an interval of approximately 10 days, applies 50 g of nitroammophoska per linear meter of a double row - into the hollow between the rows. Fertilizes before rain or combines fertilizing with watering. To prevent the fertilizer solution from draining, when dividing the plot, make sides of soil at the ends of the rows. When the tops close together, he stops fertilizing, and piles the tops of adjacent rows on top of each other and hills them up so that a flat mound is formed without a hollow in the middle. Since then, it has only been weeded periodically, and in dry weather it has been watered (sprinkling). Shortly before harvesting, the tops are rolled with a log and left in this state for about a week. After that, he mows it at a height of 15-20 cm, and after a few days he digs up the potatoes. Per hundred square meters V.A. Bulanov spends 30-40 kg of potatoes or 590 tubers weighing 50-70 g. The yield is 600-700 kg per hundred square meters. You can get up to a ton per hundred square meters! In the summer of 1991 V.A. Bulanov studied with Dr. Mittlider at the agricultural department of the seminary. In the future, he plans to combine the advantages balanced nutrition plants according to Mittlider with his own method.
Planting potatoes in two tiers on one acre of land
For many years now, gardeners have been growing potatoes using a new two-tier method, new method suggested Oleg Yurievich Georgiev from the Krasnodar Territory, and an experienced gardener with extensive experience Marina Yanovna Stein from the Moscow Society for Nature Conservation. She divides her area for potatoes into peculiar strips, 30 cm wide with intervals of 60-70 cm between them. For every 3.5 m, she adds 8-10 kg of humus and 0.5 kg of ash.
They dig it up, and along the edges of the strips, on both sides, make grooves 8 cm deep. For example, in the first furrow, potatoes are the size of a chicken egg. They are laid out at a distance of thirty centimeters from each other, and in the other at the same distance, but 15 cm away from the edge. Thus, the potatoes in the second furrow are staggered in relation to the first. The ridges are filled in and planting of the second tier of potatoes begins. Stepping back 15 cm from the beginning of the first furrow. Lay out the tubers at the same distance of 30 cm from each other, but already on the surface of the soil. In the second furrow on the opposite side, the tubers are also placed along the surface of the soil, but in a checkerboard pattern. The top rows of potatoes are covered to a depth of 3 cm with soil from the paths. So, in each furrow, it turns out that there are two vertical rows of planting: one at a depth of 11 cm (8 + 3 cm) and the second at a depth of 3 cm, with one tuber shifted relative to the other by 15 cm.
Our interlocutor today - Mikhail Grigorievich VERKHOV - on your own personal plot he gets record harvests of all vegetable crops, including potatoes.
– 500-600 kilograms of potatoes per hundred square meters is the dream of every gardener, many get much more modest results. What is the yield of this crop for you?
– From a ton and above. Such a high result is achieved thanks to many factors: healthy fertile land, high-quality seeds, strict adherence to all rules of agricultural technology. Why doesn't every farmer get high yields? All of the dachas are old, the plots, as a rule, were allocated to inaccessible areas, and everything is clogged. In addition, we ourselves “poiled” them with all sorts of fertilizers and sprays against diseases and pests. And therefore, in order to get a decent potato harvest, you must first put the land in order, that is, make it healthier. Healthy soil is the basis for yields for any crop, whether we grow cucumbers, tomatoes or potatoes. On my site the land has a high agricultural background. Of course, I have been achieving this for many years; I have been working with potatoes for 15 years. IN recent years switched to new technology.
– What does it mean to put the earth in order?
– I am not a supporter of chemical fertilizers. In recent years, the only fertilizer on my plot is compost. Nevertheless, I get a stable harvest. Firstly, you need to add at least 5-6 kilograms to the area where you will grow potatoes. good compost, 100-200 grams of ash for each square meter. This is the first thing you can do with the land. Secondly, to obtain a high yield, you must have good seed material, at least of the first or second reproduction, and even better, elite.
– Mikhail Grigorievich, please tell me what variety of potatoes do you consider the best?
– There are a lot of potato varieties, and it’s difficult for me to give a definitive answer to this question. You need to be aware of the purposes for which you need potatoes. Let's say so beautiful productive variety, like Rosara, “serves” me for certain purposes. Rosara makes wonderful fried potatoes into strips, ideal for salads and vinaigrette. The tubers have a low starch content and do not boil softly. What is good about the mid-late variety Itessa? His tubers are cooked medium-well, and they make a tasty puree. I don’t like it when so-called “soapy” potatoes are used for soup, borscht or mashed potatoes. Early ripening variety Arosa stands out because its tubers, among other advantages, have a high marketability. They are especially good for stir-fries and salads. The universal variety Phellox has excellent qualities. Its tubers are good in any form - for frying, for salads, and boiled, seasoned with herbs. I work with varieties such as Arosa, Rosara, Zekura, Itessa, Red Lady, Sprint, Miranda, Phellox.
– Agricultural technology for growing potatoes is, in general, well known. And yet, each potato grower brings something of his own to this process. What “highlights” do you use when planting and caring for it?
– As for the planting method, there are three types. The most commonly used method is the so-called continuous planting. Another way is to plant in ridges. And the third, which I prefer, is planting potatoes in beds. Each of these methods has its pros and cons. When planting using conventional technology, it becomes difficult to care for potatoes (weeding, spraying against the Colorado potato beetle) at a time when the bushes are closing. Planting in ridges is good where the ground is very heavy.
I will dwell in more detail on the advantages of my method. I have two rows in the ridge, the distance between the ridges is 1 m. I plant potatoes in two paired rows in a checkerboard pattern. This results in a so-called triangle landing. I adhere to the rule: where the plant is planted, there should be no human footsteps; I process the potatoes by walking along wide rows. When I hill up the bushes, a groove forms between two rows. These grooves are very convenient for watering and feeding the plantings: put a hose between the rows and there are no problems with watering. It is convenient to approach the rows when collecting the same Colorado potato beetle.
– What other advantages are there of planting on ridges?
– All gardeners, of course, have noticed that the outermost bushes of any plants, including potatoes, are always more productive, since they are more illuminated by the sun and receive large area nutrition. When planting potatoes on ridges and always in a checkerboard pattern, all the bushes turn out to be outermost. They are equally illuminated by the sun, and each bush has the same feeding area in the triangle allocated for it. And the more nutrition, the higher the harvest. Thickened planting leads to its great loss.
The potato harvest depends 40 percent on seeds, the remaining 60 percent on the human factor, that is, on how you care for it. You need to clearly know when potatoes especially need watering and when they need fertilizing. I water my potatoes twice during the growing season. At the same time as watering, I also fertilize. The first time during budding, and the second time after the end of flowering - at this time the strong growth of tubers begins. The plantings must be watered abundantly, so that the soil is wet at a depth of 30-40 cm - this is the soil horizon in which the tubers grow.
A business idea for growing potatoes brings profit even in the leanest years if you use special technologies. Potatoes are always a popular food product and are in constant demand. And the yield indicators of 50 tons per hectare force us to consider it from the perspective of business ideas. After all, this is one of the most effective ways get maximum profit from a minimum plot of land. That is, use the sown area as efficiently as possible.
In this article we will take a closer look at the concept of a business idea. Dutch technology for obtaining high potato yields. And also not whimsical cultivation of potatoes under straw. To create a break-even business, it is also worth considering long-term crop storage technologies.
High-yielding potato varieties
The best potato varieties of the 21st century in terms of yield are “Radonezhsky” and “Ryabinushka”. The tubers were tested by the state variety test. In practice, both varieties met expectations for disease resistance. Varieties yield up to 4.8 tons per hectare! The result is three times the marketable yield of different industrial varieties.
Mid-early “Rowanushka” begins to be collected already 80-90 days after planting. The tubers are oval with small eyes. The peel is smooth, red. Starch content does not exceed 18%. Up to 97% of the harvest is marketable. During long-term storage, no more than 5-7% of the total harvest volume is lost.
Early variety "Radonezhsky" - high-yielding variety, having a high marketability up to 94%. The mass of the tuber reaches 140 g. The number of tubers in the bush is 10-15 pieces. When to plant early potatoes of the Radonezh variety? The variety is distinguished by its intensive early accumulation of harvest, therefore it is suitable for early and even winter cultivation. But when planting in warm February or early spring the risk of yield reduction increases. But it becomes possible to collect 2 crops per year from one piece of land. It has excellent keeping quality. The tubers are creamy oval with pinkish spots. The eyes are red and small.
Dutch technology for growing potatoes
Business idea for growing potatoes with minimal costs– Dutch technology. Her distinctive feature– when leaving, use a minimum mechanical processing. The Dutch focus on aerating the soil - they carefully loosen it, place the potatoes in ridges, leaving wide gaps between the rows. As a result, up to 2 kg of powerful tubers are obtained from the bush, which easily tolerate long-term storage.
Soil aeration is the treatment of soil in order to create maximum air ventilation soils so that soil air (mainly carbon dioxide) mixes well with atmospheric air(mainly oxygen). Carbon dioxide in soils is formed due to natural organic decomposition, and the free flow of oxygen accelerates intrasoil processes associated with the oxidation of mineral components and the decomposition of organic components.
In dense or waterlogged soils, plants develop poorly due to lack of oxygen. The soil itself suffers from this. But in loose soils you can get high yields.
In practice, it has been proven that for Dutch technology it is not necessary to choose Dutch potato varieties. It is important that the tubers comply with certain rules: they have at least five eyes and are large (40-50 mm). In our case, these are “Radonezhsky” and “Ryabinushka”. Selected potatoes must be heated in a bright room at temperatures up to +180 until sprouts form. Then you need to reduce temperature regime to +8 and wait until the sprouts reach a height of 2cm.
Before planting, it is better to divide each vegetable in half. This will increase the yield. Planting should occur as early as possible, as soon as the soil is already well warmed up at the time of planting.
Planting potatoes under straw
The technology for growing potatoes in straw is much simpler and produces high yields compared to traditional way growing. The secret to the success of the technology lies in maintaining coolness and moisture in the soil around the clock, which is very important for potatoes. After all, at an air temperature of +22, potato tubers stop growing. Straw with your own thermal insulation properties prevents the temperature from rising, and condensation formed due to the temperature difference maintains cool moisture, creating ideal conditions for potatoes. Straw insulates the soil from rising temperatures without interfering with gas exchange processes. Weeds also develop poorly under the straw. In the fall, straw is ground when cultivating the soil; it makes an excellent fertilizer.
Planting potatoes under straw is performed according to the following sequence of actions. Potatoes are planted in pre-treated, loose soil at a shallow depth of 7-10 cm. The top of the bed should be sprinkled with the first 30cm layer of straw. The second layer (15cm-20cm) is laid between the beds when the sprouts have reached 5 cm. And the potatoes do not require any more care. When the tops are dry, you can harvest the crop.
How to plant potatoes?
Let's consider the order of actions that contain simple tips For correct landing potatoes.
Rules for forming beds
It is important to form the beds from north to south for uniform, full illumination of the bushes. Great value The Dutch pay 75 cm to row spacing. Domestic farmers save land, so they leave only 40-50 cm, which makes hilling with loose soil difficult; developing roots are cut off. This inhibits the growth and development of plants. Insufficient hilling exposes the tubers. Do not neglect the dimensions specified by the technology: the row spacing and bed width should be about 0.75 m. The holes must be dug 8-9 cm deep, leaving a gap of 30 cm between them.
Planting and caring for potatoes
Seeds must be planted in the holes with the sprouts facing up. It is advisable to add a pinch of ash or onion peel for pest control. On top you need to make a mound about 10 cm high. No more than 600 potatoes should be planted per 100 m2.
After the sprouts appear, the mound needs to be increased, and so repeated according to the growth of the bush. Further care- this is weeding, watering. Watering is necessary three times:
- the first time - at the first shoots;
- the second - before flowering;
- third - after.
There is no need to water anymore - this economical way cultivation, least expensive. It is better to treat the tops against the Colorado potato beetle before flowering.
Timely harvesting: beginning of August - for seed material, end of August - for food purposes. Important: first remove the tops, after 10 days - harvest. As a result of this technique, the tubers have a strong skin and excellent preservation.
Secrets of productivity
The main secret of the productivity of the Dutch technology is that the vegetable is not buried deep in the ground, it is covered with loose soil on top, which allows it to breathe. In addition to this fact, the yield increases by dividing the tuber in half.
There are many technologies for growing potatoes, however, as practice shows, the Dutch method is the most effective in terms of yield.
To cultivate potatoes using the technology of Dutch producers, you need a milling tool to loosen the soil. Domestic walk-behind tractors equipped with working milling units are suitable for this. For loosening and leveling, motorized cultivators are needed that can hill up and remove weeds.
Long-term storage of crops
A favorable environment for storing potatoes has a temperature of +5 degrees and air humidity of 85–90%. Such conditions can be created by a dry and cool room, protected from sun rays. The annual potato storage cycle is divided into 3 phases:
- After harvesting, potatoes are stored for two weeks at a temperature of +17.
- The fruits are stored for another 2 weeks, but with the temperature reduced to +12. During these periods, fruit lesions created during harvesting heal.
- The main period temperature is +5 humidity – 85%.
To control temperature and humidity in potato storages, it is better to use two sensors. One at the door at a height of 30cm, the second in the center of the room at a height of 150cm.
Important to note! Do not over-dry the air, as low humidity will cause the potatoes to turn green. This is the result of the process of producing the alkaloid saponin (a toxic substance). Green potatoes are being planted, but they cannot be eaten.
Sales of products
The average payback on a business idea for growing using Dutch technology is two seasons.
Main harvest distribution channels:
- retail chains;
- fairs, food markets;
- wholesale buyers;
- vegetable stalls;
- grocery stores;
- processing plants.
Income depends on the buyer and the period of sale:
- It is necessary to resolve the issue of storing potatoes in order to be able to sell them in winter at a favorable price.
- An important factor is the issue of environmental friendliness. If the growing process occurs remotely from industrial enterprises lands, previously untouched lands, not overfed with pesticides, inorganic fertilizers, the price of grown products can increase multiple times, as well as the demand for it.
Potatoes are a flexible, fertile crop. Low yields among domestic farmers are due to lack of knowledge biological features, sowing random vegetables of low reproduction, unfair cultivation.
Non-compliance technological process is fraught in any industry. When growing the most common food product, do not break the rules! Your profit is in your hands!
Potatoes are the main ingredient in most dishes around the world. Its juice has healing properties(treats ulcers, burns, gastritis), useful in cosmetology. Growing at correct technique, good choice varieties are a profitable business.
