How to determine the time of planting potatoes. Late planting dates for potatoes: how to get a full harvest. Why is it necessary to rotate crops in the garden

This popular tuber has not only nutritious, but also healing composition, thanks to amino acids, mineral salts and vitamins. In terms of calories, potatoes exceed other vegetable crops, but the proteins contained in the fruits and easily digestible carbohydrates have a beneficial effect on the human body. Therefore, almost all summer residents tend to grow potato plantations on their plots.

About landing dates

Every year the climate changes, becoming drier, which is a real scourge for the potato crop. Also, gardeners know firsthand what return frosts in spring and early cold in autumn are. Because of them, the period of growing potatoes is not as long as we would like.

Therefore, in order to be able to get high yields, it is recommended to plant early-ripening varieties of potatoes, maintaining the optimal planting time. Choosing early tubers, there is a chance to avoid late blight damage.

Planting a crop with a short growing season will allow you to get young potatoes in early summer. With proper agricultural technology and early sowing, it is realistic to harvest crops from mid-season varieties before the arrival of autumn.

planting potatoes

Each farmer has his own criteria by which he determines the time of planting. Some rely on the lunar calendar compiled for each year. Others are waiting for May, when stable heat is established. Others rely on their intuition.

According to the rules, the timing of planting potatoes is determined by the variety of tubers and regionality. Planting fruits in May, it is difficult to get young potatoes in June even when using early ripening varieties - their growing season lasts 60-80 days.

For some areas (for example, Siberia), the last month of spring is the best time to plant potatoes. But in the southern regions during this period it is time to harvest the first crops.

The main criterion determining the time for planting potatoes, experienced farmers consider the readiness of the soil, which should warm up to the desired temperature. In each region, this happens at its own time, which changes from year to year.

Potato sowing time by region

• in the south (Krasnodar Territory), early potatoes are usually planted in March, mid-ripening varieties - in early April;
• for the middle zone (Leningrad region, Moscow region), the end of April is more acceptable;
• in Siberia and the Urals, the right temperature just falls on the first week of May.

Asking when to plant potatoes in central Russia or any other region, the gardener, first of all, checks how warm the soil is. If at a depth of 12 cm the thermometer shows +8 degrees, you can safely plant tubers.

To confirm the confidence that the time has come for landings, it is recommended to recall the old folk method. Ancestors have always paid attention to the "behavior" of trees. A good indicator in this case are bird cherry (they are waiting for it to bloom) and birch (the first leaves should hatch on it).

Growing Secrets

The right choice of time for planting is not yet the key to a good harvest. There are many factors that allow you to grow tubers, and all of them must be taken into account:

• seed tubers should be chosen of medium size, weighing 50-70 g, not damaged or affected by diseases;
• pre-germination of potatoes will speed up all processes, allowing you to get a crop ahead of schedule;
• the choice of cold-resistant varieties will improve the cultivation of early potatoes;
• an incision in the tuber will increase the number of eyes, which ensures a good harvest;
• it is important to choose the right type of planting, based on the characteristics of the climate and soil conditions.

Given these points, as well as the time it will take to plant early potatoes, you can not worry that the end result will be successful.

Germination methods

Pre-treatment is especially important for early potato varieties. There are several ways to properly germinate tubers practiced by experienced farmers:

• light method. The tubers are laid out on dry ground, sufficiently warmed by the sun. They are protected from the winds by low sides made of boards. Straw or peat is used as a "blanket" (a layer of 15 cm). If a decrease in temperature is expected, a plastic film is laid on top (not forgetting to open the tubers later when warming). In this way, germination lasts 2-3 weeks;
• Wet option. The procedure is carried out outdoors at a temperature of about 14-16 degrees Celsius. A necessary condition is to maintain humidity within 70-85%. Potatoes are laid out in layers, and each of them is sprinkled with peat and sawdust. The process lasts about 3 weeks, while it is important that the environment is not wet;
• heated method. In this option, you will need to dig a small pit 40 cm deep. Heated compost is laid at the bottom and covered with a small layer of soil. The tubers are distributed in 2-3 layers, periodically changing their places. The whole process will take about a month.

Whichever way the gardener chooses to germinate early potatoes, this event will allow the tubers to better adapt in the beds.

Tuber preparation

Planting options for early potatoes

Among the traditional methods of planting tubers, the 4 most popular ones stand out. Knowing how to plant early potatoes correctly, it will be easier to avoid many mistakes in the further cultivation of the crop.

• Rows. The most common method is practiced by novice gardeners. Rows are spaced 70 cm apart. Between the tubers in the line they stand from 25 to 40 cm (it all depends on the variety). The planting method is simple, but the space is used unevenly, which is a disadvantage;
• Smooth. Unlike the first option, in this plantation, after planting potatoes, they level it, making the surface flat. This method allows you to slow down the evaporation of moisture from the ground, but complicates the care of the beds, as seedlings may appear unevenly. This method is not applicable to clay soils;
• Into the comb Having planted potatoes according to the scheme - 50-70 cm between rows and 15-20 cm between tubers, ridges of 25 cm are formed for 5 days after sowing. If the soil is characterized by excessive moisture, then the embankments can be made even higher. This method of planting provides air circulation and rapid heating of the soil;
• Ridge. Tubercles 20 cm high are prepared in advance. 2 rows of planting are placed in each ridge, so the width of the occupied area will be approximately 1.5-1.6 m (land will be needed for hilling). The tubers are laid out in shallow recesses on the ridges, which will accelerate rapid germination. As soon as shoots appear, they are sprinkled with earth. This procedure is carried out once a week until the tops become complete. Such cultivation of ridges provides good air circulation and does not allow weeds to develop.

In those regions where a warm spring comes late, the tubers do not have to be planted immediately in the ground. Seedlings grown in a cellar or greenhouse are a great way to get an early harvest of full-fledged potatoes.

If the potatoes do not rise well

It seems that all the moments are taken into account: the air and soil temperature, the rules for germinating tubers, the conditions for planting early potatoes are determined, but for some reason shoots do not appear. Usually sprouts can be seen already 10-12 days after planting. In northern latitudes, if May is cool, the process is delayed up to 3 weeks. But if shoots do not appear after this period, you need to look for the reason:

• the temperature regime was not observed;
• soil moisture was not taken into account - it was too wet or, conversely, excessively dry;
• the deepening of tubers was carried out without taking into account the composition of the soil;
• the seeds were planted in unbroken arable land (there was no preliminary preparation of the site);
• low-quality potato material was used: diseased, without sprouts, inappropriate sizes, etc.

Tip! If moles, bears, wireworms are found on the site, they eat up sprouts, depriving summer residents of the harvest. Before planting potatoes, pest control measures must be taken.

A number of measures taken in advance will help to increase the germination of tubers:

• preliminary vernalization of planting material;
• the use of biological products for the treatment of tubers;
• disease-resistant varieties are recommended to be disinfected before planting;
• sorting is carried out not only before germination, but also after it;
• soil preparation is obligatory - harrowing or loosening, with the application of fertilizers;
• before planting, it is recommended to powder the hole with wood ash;
• when planting under covering material, compost, straw, hay should be dried.

If the sprouts appear from the ground, but do not germinate well, they should be treated with microdoses of copper to ward off pests. Top dressing stimulates the growth of eyes in the early stages, in the future, on the contrary, they can slow down the process.

Having figured out ahead of time how to get an early potato harvest, it will be easier for a novice farmer to plant and grow nutritious tubers on his site.

Video

Planting tubers at the optimal early time is one of the conditions for intensive tuber formation and obtaining a high-quality crop. When planted early, potato plants on soddy-podzolic soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone create a powerful root system and well-developed tops. They form tubers earlier, reach maturity faster. For harvesting in late plantings, the tubers are small, with a low content of dry matter and starch.

Early planting is of particular importance in areas with a short frost-free period. In the southern regions, tubers are formed in late-planted potatoes in hot weather, when even abundant watering has little effect on yield and quality. Potatoes are recommended to be planted when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm rises to 6-8°C. At this temperature, the tubers germinate faster and seedlings appear earlier. However, for early potatoes there should not be a strict relationship between the planting date and the degree of soil warming. If you wait for warming up to the specified temperature, then, for example, on some loamy soils of the northern and northeastern regions of the Non-Chernozem Zone, this will lead to a delay in planting and, consequently, a decrease in the yield of early potatoes. Studies have established that early planting with germinated tubers in insufficiently warmed soil yields higher than with late planting, but in soil warmed up to a temperature of 6-8 ° C. Sprouted tubers have a valuable ability to sustainably endure low soil temperatures up to 3-5°C without losing their seed qualities and without reducing the growth and development of plants. Studies conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East confirmed that the early planting of varieties Priekulsky early and Falensky with sprouted tubers increases the yield by 15-20%, increases the content of starch and protein in tubers. At the Ulyanovsk experimental station for potatoes on carbonate leached chernozems, the starch content of tubers of the Volzhanin variety at the first planting date was 17.0%, the second - 16.2 and the third (late) - 14.1%.

When determining the time for planting potatoes, it is important to take into account the most favorable period of tuber formation for specific farm conditions. In the central regions of the Non-Chernozem zone, according to long-term average precipitation data, the most favorable conditions for tuberization occur in the second half of June and the first half of July. In this regard, when planting, you need to be guided so that the period of intensive formation of tubers (budding phase) falls on June 20-25. In early and mid-early varieties, it usually occurs on the 20-22nd day after germination. Therefore, taking into account the period of planting - seedlings, tubers should be planted in the first decade of May.

In addition to the temperature to start planting, it is important to consider the arable suitability of the soil. With the onset of arable ripeness, it crumbles well, its volumetric mass during spring loosening is significantly reduced, which is necessary for the supply of atmospheric oxygen to germinating tubers. Such a state of the soil in the south is established approximately at the time of sowing early grain crops, and in the Non-Chernozem zone 5-7 days later. Here, this period usually coincides with the beginning of the leaves blooming on the birch (early May).

In tubers germinated in open areas, sprouts are viable at a temperature of 2-3°C, therefore, from planting such tubers in soil warmed up to a temperature of 3°C, the crop can be obtained in the earliest possible time. In this case, it is very important to close the tubers to a shallower depth, since the surface layer of the soil warms up earlier and the potatoes do not lack heat. In the third decade of April, early May, at a depth of 6-8 cm, the soil temperature increases daily by an average of 0.3-0.4°C. Tubers germinated in humid environments and in warm rooms for 30-40 days tolerate planting in insufficiently warmed soil somewhat worse than those germinated in open areas.

Along with the terms in the economy, it is necessary to take into account the soil conditions of individual fields and the purpose of potatoes. First of all, tubers are planted in areas with light, quickly drying soil, then - in more humid cohesive loamy soil. It is better to start planting earlier in fertile or more fertilized fields, since potato plants develop more slowly on such soils and take longer to accumulate a marketable crop. First of all, early and mid-early varieties are planted in a busy fallow, then early-ripening ones in seed plots.

The most common is the ordinary method of planting with a row spacing of 70 cm. With excessive moisture (Far East), as well as on peat-bog soils, the row spacing is expanded to 90 cm.

Depending on the soil and climatic conditions, a ridge or smooth landing is used. When installing discs on a planter, the tubers are closed up with the formation of ridges of different heights. Harrows in combination with harrows are used for a smooth landing.

In the Non-Chernozem zone, tubers are usually planted in ridges pre-cut by a cultivator. This method is effective in the northern and forest-steppe regions of the Urals and Siberia, in the Far East and in areas with sufficient moisture. Ridges are cut in a few days or on the day of planting with cultivators KOH-2.8 P or KRN-4.2 with simultaneous application. The soil in the ridges warms up faster, better water-air and thermal conditions are created. Cutting ridges on loamy soils significantly improves the conditions for mechanized harvesting.

On loamy soils, due to severe waterlogging, it is impossible to start spring work early, so early potatoes can be planted in ridges cut in autumn. In autumn, the ridges are cut for early potatoes in the southern regions. Autumn soil raking with organic fertilizer application allows tubers to be planted 2-3 weeks earlier than in areas with conventional tillage. This technique is especially effective in the steppe areas with little snow, where the ridges are less destroyed when the snow melts. Organic fertilizers are scattered after autumn plowing. Then the ridges are cut, embedding manure or composts in them, which creates a loose ridge where organic matter decomposes well.

Autumn application of organic fertilizers and soil ridges for potatoes is also effective for areas of the northeast and northern regions, which are characterized by a short growing season and lack of heat. The ridged surface accumulates heat, and during the period of cooling, it releases it more intensively to the subsoil air layer and thereby creates better conditions for the growth and development of plants. In these areas, tubers are planted first of all, as the ridges dry out and warm up faster.

In the waterlogged areas of the Far East, potatoes are planted in ridges, which are formed in autumn or spring with a UGD-4.2 disk ridge maker, which allows planting to begin 7-10 days earlier than during normal planting.

In areas of insufficient moisture (the steppe part of Western and Eastern Siberia, south and southeast), weakly ridged and smooth plantings are common, preserving soil moisture reserves. However, when cultivating potatoes on irrigation, ridge planting is more effective, which makes it possible to harvest tubers with combine harvesters.

Potato planting depth - the vertical distance in centimeters from the soil surface to the bottom of the furrow where the tubers are located.

The environmental conditions depend on the depth of placement of the tubers: temperature, humidity, bulk density of the soil, its permeability to atmospheric oxygen, which is necessary for the growth and development of plants. By measuring the soil temperature at a depth of 6, 9 and 12 cm, it was found that with an increase in planting depth, the temperature difference was 3-4°C, which significantly affects the germination of tubers, the growth and formation of a potato bush. For example, if 20 days after planting in the shallow planting variant, 85% of germinated plants were noted, then in the deep planting variant - 42%. The difference in plant height in shallow and deep plantings reached 3-4 cm and persisted until the tops closed between the rows. During the period of maximum development of the bush on a shallow landing, the assimilation surface of the leaves was 11,900 cm 2 /bush, and on a deep one - 10,602 cm 2. Shallow planted plants contained more nitrogen in leaves and less potassium in tubers than deep planted plants.

Observations carried out at the NIIKH showed that under the conditions of the South-East, the difference in soil temperature at a depth of 6, 10, 12, 15, 20 cm reached 6-8°C and was relatively constant only from a depth of 15 cm. Therefore, the plants on the rainfed land, when planted to a depth of 12-15 cm, developed well and provided a high yield of tubers. On the contrary, in the northern regions on cold soils, the best results are obtained by planting tubers in the upper, rapidly warmed soil layer. In the zone of sufficient moisture, the northern and forest-steppe regions of the Urals and Siberia, in the Far East, the most effective embedding of tubers to a depth of 6-8 cm with a weak ridge and 8-10 cm - with a ridge planting. In ridges, the overall depth should be 2-3 cm more than in a smooth landing. The height of the ridges after planting the tubers should not exceed 12-15 cm, which allows the plants to be hilled during care. Higher ridges expose the tubers of the new crop, contribute to their greening, severe damage by late blight and other diseases.

C. The Central Black Earth zone, the Middle Volga region, the southern part of the Urals and Siberia, as well as in the southern regions of the South-East and South-West of the country, where the topsoil quickly warms up, the optimal planting depth of food and seed potatoes is 10-14 cm, and during irrigation - 10-12 cm.

In the Non-Chernozem zone, in order to protect planting tubers and seedlings from frost and snow, which sometimes falls after planting, seedlings of early potatoes need to be hilled up. Backfilling with soil protects them from frost and significantly reduces the weediness of plantations. After freezing, the ridges can be loosened with a mesh harrow if necessary. Sprinkling also has a positive effect: its protective effect is due to the fact that when water cools and freezes at a temperature of 0 ° C, a lot of heat is released, which protects plants from low temperatures. Sprinkling is carried out before the onset of frost. In small areas create a smoke screen. To do this, heaps of garbage are laid out on the edge of the site on the leeward side and, with a sharp drop in temperature, in the morning, before sunrise, they are set on fire. If the garbage is very dry, earth is thrown on top to make more smoke. Potato plants damaged by frost must be fed with nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 1-1.5 c/ha of ammonium nitrate.

To protect early shoots of potatoes from spring frosts and to obtain products, c. earlier dates for shelter landings, you can use plastic wrap. A transparent, translucent film is best used for temporary shelter of plantings, and a black opaque film is best used from planting to harvesting tubers.

In studies conducted in the Tselinograd Regional Chemical Institute, potatoes of the Priekulsky early variety were covered with a translucent film immediately after planting. In one version, frames were installed on the soil, on which a translucent polyethylene film was stretched, in another, the potatoes were covered with a film completely spread on the ground [(the edges were sprinkled with earth with a layer of 6-7 cm), and they were not removed until full shoots of potatoes appeared. The temperature of the soil under the film at the surface and at a depth of 10 cm was significantly higher than in the area without the film. On sunny days, the temperature difference on the soil surface under the film and without it reached 3-7°C in the morning and evening, up to 20°C in the middle of the day. At a depth of 10 cm, the temperature in the areas covered with the film was 2–8°C higher than without the film.

Due to the more favorable soil temperature under the film, potato seedlings appeared 8-15 days earlier than in the variant without film cover. During the germination of potatoes under the film, optimal soil moisture conditions were also created, since water vapor condensed on the surface of the film from the inside, and moisture in the form of drops fell back into the soil. After full shoots, the film was removed. In the plants that got stronger under the film, an intensive growth of the above-ground mass was noted. In the third decade of May, the tops between the rows closed and protected the soil from overheating on hot June days. Plants under temporary film cover were distinguished by their powerful development and larger assimilation surface. Harvesting in areas with film cover began 13-17 days earlier than in other areas. When plantings were covered with a film using frames, on average over 3 years, the yield was 130.6 c/ha more, and when covered with a film spread on the ground, by 118.5 c/ha than without shelter. The starch content in tubers was higher by 2-1.7%.

In NIIKH and the Agrophysical Research Institute, a black organic film was used to cover plantings of early potatoes. Before covering with a film, the tubers were planted to a depth of 2–3 cm. When seedlings appeared, cuts were made in the film to allow the stems to come to the surface. Observations of temperature and soil moisture have shown that a more favorable temperature and humidity regime is created under the film than without shelter. As a result, plants grow rapidly, form stolons and tubers early, and accumulate high yields.

Tubers germinated in open areas with sprouts up to 1 cm long are planted with SN-4B, SKS-4 and SKM-6 potato planters. Potatoes germinated in warm rooms for 30-40 days, as well as in a combined way, are planted with SAYA-4 potato planters and HPM-6 transplanters. When manually planting in the furrows under a tractor cultivator, the tubers must be planted with their sprouts up, while they germinate on average 8-10 days earlier than when planting with sprouts down.

The experiments of scientific institutions and the practice of advanced farms have shown that under conditions of sufficient supply of moisture and food to plants, planting thickening accelerates the growth and tuberization of potatoes, increases yield, starch content and dry matter in tubers. In the conditions of the south and southeast, plants with a dense planting shade the soil better, which leads to a decrease in temperature in the tuber formation zone by 1.5-3°C. The planting density of early potatoes for May harvesting in the south and southeast, June and July - in the conditions of the Chernozem and Non-Chernozem zones should be at least 50-65 thousand bushes per 1 ha. To do this, potatoes are planted according to the schemes 70X20, 70X25, 70X30 cm. For later harvesting of early potatoes in late July and early August, 40-50 thousand tubers per 1 ha are planted in the middle lane.

In recent years, studies have been carried out on the effectiveness of various planting schemes in the cultivation of potatoes. It has been established that on well-cultivated sod-podzolic sandy and loamy soils of the Non-Chernozem zone, the largest increase in yield is obtained when planting (60 + 80) X 30 cm.

The advantage of planting with variable row spacings of 60 and 80 cm is less soil compaction in the area of ​​the tuber nest. During inter-row cultivation and spraying, carried out at least 4-5 times, the tractor wheels pass through wider row-spacings (80 cm), and when harvesting, the combine shares dig out two rows with a row-spacing of 60 cm, along which the tractor wheels did not pass during care. As a result, tubers on the slopes of the ridges are less injured, the conditions for soil separation by the working bodies of harvesters are improved.

To plant potatoes with variable row spacing on the SN-4B planter, the outer coulters are shifted inward by 5 cm, and the middle coulters are moved apart by 5 cm. When planting, the tractor moves along row spacing 60 cm wide. along the middle and butt row spacings, having a width of 80 cm. In order not to overgrow with weeds the skipped (extreme) bed, during the first pass, the planters turn off the last planting device * forming only three rows.

It has been established that the effectiveness of planting thickening depends on the rate of fertilizer, irrigation, size of seed tubers and their germination used in the cultivation of early potatoes. With an increase in the rate of fertilizers and watering, the efficiency of thickening the planting of early potatoes increases significantly.

In dry and hot years, with insufficient moisture supply to plants, thickening of plantings does not increase the yield of early potatoes. So, on soddy-podzolic cohesive-sandy soils of the OPH "Korenevo" of the Moscow region, under unfavorable weather conditions for tuber formation, the feeding area of ​​70X35 cm was more effective than 70X25 cm when planting with large (80-100 g) and small (30-50 g) tubers.

Infertile sandy soils are characterized by a very low moisture capacity and, during short dry periods, do not provide plants with sufficient water. As a result, in areas with dense planting of early potatoes on dry sandy and sandy loamy soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone, as well as on other types of soils with insufficient moisture, irrigation is necessary. The efficiency of thickening the planting of early potatoes during irrigation increases significantly.

Hello, dear garden lovers! Today I want to talk about how to plant potatoes and how to care for it after planting. Early potatoes are of the greatest value. For the growth and development of early potato tops, the air temperature is +21 degrees, and the soil temperature for the formation of tubers is +15 (+18) degrees.

Potatoes do not tolerate shading and negative temperatures. The soil for good growth and development of potatoes should be fertile, moderately moist and loose. Humus (4-7 kg.), Superphosphate (40-60 grams), potassium chloride (30-40 grams) per square meter. Nitrogen fertilizers must be applied only in spring - 15-20 grams of ammonium nitrate or 10-15 grams of urea per 1 square meter.

You can see how to GROW POTATOES HERE. and HERE To protect our seed from pests, 2 days before planting, seed tubers should be treated with a 0.2 percent solution of copper sulphate from phytophthora. - As the soil dries, the site must be harrowed with a rake and start preparing the ridges.

Ridges are made by hand with a hoe, raking up the soil from the planned row spacing. Before making ridges, it is necessary to mark up and set the row spacing.

Planting potatoes should be done with row spacing of at least 70 centimeters, and potatoes in a row are planted at a distance of 30-35 centimeters. - Planting begins when the average daily temperature of the soil at a depth of 10 centimeters is within +6 (+8) degrees. - Depth of planting tubers when planting in ridges, it should be 4-5 cm from the top of the tuber to the soil surface. And here you can read how to plant potatoes in ridges and not dig up the ground every year. After planting, it is necessary to correct the ridges and loosen the aisles. After 5-7 days, it is necessary to pull out all the weeds that have appeared in the ridges, and loosen the aisles. After another 8-10 days, this event is carried out again. - The first hilling of potatoes and first feeding carried out one month after planting.

To do this, it is necessary to add, together with irrigation, 10 grams of urea, 15-20 grams of superphosphate and 10 grams of potassium chloride per 1 square meter. Second top dressing potatoes are carried out at the beginning of flowering, while the dose of potash fertilizer must be increased to 30 grams per 1 square meter. - For the entire growing season of potatoes, in the conditions of Central Russia and the Middle Volga region, 4-5 irrigations are carried out, depending on soil moisture.

The first watering along the grooves is carried out when shoots appear, the second - after 10-15 days - before flowering, the third - after 12-15 days, when the process of tuberization begins. Subsequent waterings are carried out as the soil dries up. After each watering, it is imperative to loosen the row spacing and pile up the ridges. 2 weeks before harvesting, many gardeners mow the tops.

This helps to accelerate the maturation of tubers and increase the thickness of the skin, which is the success of good storage. In the article how to plant potatoes tells about the cultivation of potatoes in the regions of Central Russia and the Middle Volga region. For regions with other climate characteristics, adjustments are necessary when planting and caring for potatoes. Many gardeners, despite the rather laborious process of caring for potatoes, still prefer to grow it on their own. Purchased potatoes grown on an industrial scale, in most cases, do not have good taste, unlike home-grown potatoes.

How to get a rich harvest?

In order to get a rich harvest of tubers, you need to know how to plant potatoes correctly. Listen to the following tips: - it is best to plant potatoes at a time when the soil temperature at a depth of about 10 cm will not be lower than +8 ... +9 degrees.

As a rule, the optimal dates for planting are the last days of April - the beginning of May. If you plant potatoes in cold ground, then the culture will spend a lot of energy on germination; - not every potato is suitable for planting.

Planting material should have small eyes, while the potato should be medium in size and should not be soft (sluggish). In order for the crop yield to increase, you need to pay attention to which varieties grow best on a particular type of soil.

It is better to select tubers from those bushes that have given the maximum yield this year for planting next season; - good results can be achieved if you plant potatoes from another region or at least exchange planting material with a neighbor; - potatoes of different varieties should be planted, with they must have different maturation periods. This contributes to long-term storage of the crop, since early-ripening varieties usually deteriorate quite quickly.

Therefore, first of all, you need to eat early potatoes, and later ones can be stored for the winter. An obligatory condition for obtaining a good harvest is crop rotation. Potatoes are best planted in those places where legumes, cucumbers, zucchini or squash, pumpkin, cabbage grew in the previous year or onion. But in place of potatoes next year, it is better to plant pumpkin crops, that is, pumpkin, zucchini or cucumbers.

We plant correctly

Two weeks before planting, bring the planting material into a warm room with good lighting. So by the time of planting, sprouts will appear on the tubers. Before planting, it is necessary to disinfect the tubers, for which the potatoes should be placed in a solution of boric acid.

Keep the tubers in the solution for at least half an hour. This will prevent the development of pests that can ruin the crop. You can also increase the yield by soaking the planting material in diluted manure.

To get a good result in this solution, potatoes should be left for two days.

• arrange the ridges in the direction from north to south and plant the tubers according to the 80x35 scheme to a depth of about 10 cm; fertilizer, wood ash and humus can be additionally poured under each tuber; cover with a layer of earth or sawdust; level the soil with a rake.

Potatoes should be planted in a sunny and open area. This crop should not be planted in the shade, as well as in lowlands, where there is a high probability of stagnant water and fog formation. When planting potatoes in areas with closely spaced groundwater, tubers should be planted on ridges. If planting is carried out in a dry area, then it should be planted in trenches.

Cut or not?

Should you cut a potato? This is the right of choice for every gardener. Some believe that if the tuber is cut, it will lose a large amount of nutrients.

In fact, this is not so, because in each potato there is a so-called “top”, in which all the strongest sprouts are concentrated. Therefore, it is possible to save planting material, while saving some of the potatoes for food. The negative point of cutting the tubers is the high probability of infection of healthy potatoes.

This can significantly reduce the yield. Therefore, if you cut the spoiled part of the potato, periodically disinfect the knife in a solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate. If you plan to cut the tuber and plant both halves, then you should cut along. Otherwise, you will separate the “top” of a potato, which will bring you a crop in the future, and the second half will either give a small number of tubers or will not bear fruit at all.

Seedling Care

An obligatory moment in the care of potato seedlings is the hilling of the bushes. The change in day and night temperatures can be quite abrupt, which adversely affects the root system of potatoes and may adversely affect the yield. Therefore, sprouted potato bushes need to be hilled up so that only the crown of 2-3 cm in size remains on the surface.

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How to plant potatoes. Methods for planting potatoes

Perhaps every gardener from practice knows how to plant potatoes. However, is this information sufficient? There are various varieties and methods of planting potatoes, the choice of which may depend not only on the difficulty of caring for the crop, but also on the harvest itself.

Potato is the second bread and irreplaceable vegetable. Delicious stewed potatoes have always been an integral part of the Russian table.

How to plant potatoes. Training

Soil preparation and selection Potato is a plant that loves light, as well as loose soil, cultivated quite deeply. Loamy and sandy soils are suitable for planting.

Before planting potatoes, it is worth choosing the right place where it will be grown, because it is quite demanding on some factors, such as: soil quality and illumination. A well-lit place for planting should be chosen, otherwise the stems of the plant will lengthen, and the root crops will shrink.

The soil should be dug up to a depth of 25-35 cm in the fall. Best of all, when digging ridges for potatoes, immediately fertilize them with compost or humus at the rate of 6-8 kg per m?.

Do not forget that you can plant a crop in the same place for no more than 2 years in a row, then you need to take a break of 3-4 years. Any plant, one way or another, affects the composition of the soil, selects the microelements it needs from it, and such a long placement in the same place attracts pests and can serve as a source of diseases.

Potatoes should not be planted in areas where strawberries, tomatoes, eggplant and peppers used to grow. Landing dates Potatoes are planted quite early, but on condition that the soil has already warmed up to + 8 °, otherwise the tubers will not take root.

A more accurate time can be determined based on the latitude location of your region. Along with potatoes, onion occupies an honorable place in our grocery basket. Planting onion sets can be carried out at about the same time, simultaneously with potatoes.

Planting potatoes is possible provided that the soil warms up 8-10 cm deep to 5-8 degrees Celsius throughout the day, and it is physically ready (i.e. not too wet and not too dry). The soil should be especially loose so that it does not cake, it can be covered with mulch after planting.

It is also worth considering the weather factor: the optimal date is the one before which there were no frosts for 30 days. The plant gives the first shoots a month after planting, root crops can be harvested 2-3 months after the appearance of these shoots, depending on the variety.

If the frosts went after the appearance of the first shoots, then the shoots themselves must be sprinkled with earth, thus covering them from the cold. How to plant potatoes - selection and processing Potatoes are widely distributed, it is quite difficult to find a garden plot where this crop is not grown.

There are a lot of varieties of potatoes, but it is worth highlighting the main types of this crop, which differ in ripening time: - early (Alliance, Vyatka, Concord, Yarla, etc.) - the growing season is about 50-60 days; - medium early (Alisa, Ilyinsky, Nevsky, Robinta) - vegetation period 60-80 days; - mid-season (Gatchinsky, Diament, Istrinsky, Ogonyok) - vegetation period 80-100 days; - mid-late (Amadeus, Crystal, Autumn, Frigate) - vegetation period 100-120 days; - late (Vityaz, Lady Rosetta, Picasso) - a growing season of 120 or more days. Seed potatoes - the optimal size is 10-30 g. Tubers that have undergone vernalization are not afraid of frost and do not need to be sprinkled with earth, and such tubers also yield earlier.

The vernalization process consists in the fact that the seed material is taken out of storage 2 weeks before planting and placed in 1-2 layers in a barn or room. Healthy tubers should be selected for cultivation: sluggish, black inside are not suitable for planting, exactly like those , on the sprouts of which there is blackness. Also, tubers that did not sprout within 4 weeks after germination will not work.

Large tubers should be cut before planting so that each of the resulting parts has either strong or only underdeveloped eyes. The optimal size of planting material is about a teaspoon. Immediately before planting potatoes, tubers that have undergone vernalization can be treated with special preparations that protect against pests. Also, preliminary spraying with immunocytophyte will save potatoes from diseases in the early stages, which will significantly affect the development and quantity of the crop .

Methods for planting potatoes There are various ways to plant potatoes and of course each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most popular way is planting whole tubers .

Small tubers selected from the last harvest are taken out two weeks before planting and laid out in a cool room for vernalization. After vernalization, you can plant potatoes using the method of your choice, observing a few simple rules: - only healthy potatoes without rot and other diseases should be selected; - the planting depth should be about 5-8 cm; - it is best to first pollinate the tubers with wood ash.

Planting germinated tubers with white sprouts less popular, but it is she who is suitable for planting early varieties. In this case, the potatoes begin to germinate 2 weeks before planting. The tubers for germination are selected large, even and intact and germinated in diffused light in a room with a temperature of 16-18 ° for 3-5 weeks. After that, the tubers are laid on seedlings for 1 -2 weeks before the planting date, and for this, special ridges with grooves of 7 * 10 cm are formed.

Germinated tubers are placed in these grooves at a distance of half a centimeter from each other, after loosening the bottom. Next, the seedlings are covered with a 5-centimeter layer of earth mixed with humus in equal amounts, moderately watered and covered with earth so that a small ridge is formed 3 cm above the edge of the furrow. and carefully separate the sprouts with a sufficiently developed root system.

This will be the first seedling. Sprouts that have not formed leaves or have not come to the surface at all should be planted again, after loosening the bottom of the groove. The selected seedlings are planted in the soil by the chosen method, significantly fertilizing and watering at the rate of half a liter per plant.

Watering is necessary if there was no rain and is not expected during the day. Ways of care and hilling do not differ from growing tubers.

As we can see, the methods of planting potatoes differ in terms of time and labor, because in the second case, it is necessary to grow seedlings from a germinated root crop. But it is the second method that gives an earlier harvest, so when choosing a method, it is best to focus on the precocity of the variety.

Planting methods are labor intensive and depend on the degree of soil heating and the selected varieties. Landing methods depending on the location Methods of planting potatoes affect, first of all, the complexity of caring for the crop.

For example, with the square-nest method, weeding can be completely mechanized, but staggered planting greatly complicates care, but this also has its advantages. Below we consider in more detail how to plant potatoes: 1.

Square-nested - the area allotted for cultivation is drawn into squares with sides of 60-70 cm, in fact, plants are planted at the corners of these squares. The first hilling is carried out when the seedlings reach 10-12 cm in height, and they do it this way: the stems of the bush are bred in different directions and sprinkled with humus between them, taking into account that the leaves themselves should remain on the surface.

Chess method - vegetables are planted in a checkerboard pattern, where the distance between the holes is about 35 cm. This method allows you to plant much more tubers, but caring for it is quite complicated. The checkerboard method is suitable for small areas.3.

Mitlider Landing Method . The essence of this method is that you first need to form small ridges, about 30 cm wide, the distance between these ridges should be about a meter.

Next, potatoes are planted on a ridge in a checkerboard pattern, with the condition that the distance between plants on one side of the row should be about 30 cm. Thanks to this method, crop care is simplified, moreover, if the hilling is correct, a groove is formed between the bushes, which simplifies the process watering.4.

Planting in smooth rows is one of the most common methods. Potatoes are planted in rows located at a distance of 60-70 cm from each other, and the distance between the holes in the row ranges from 25 to 40 cm - hilling, watering and harvesting are noticeably simplified.5.

Comb row method landing is very similar to planting in smooth rows, the difference is that rows are initially formed 15-18 cm high, and 40-45 cm wide. Vegetables are planted in these rows.

Due to the fact that the potato is in loose soil favorable for it, the yield increases. In addition, thanks to this method, the crop can be spudded less often. When choosing certain methods of planting potatoes, pay attention to how close the groundwater is to the surface.

If they are located in close proximity to the surface, then it makes sense in high ridges. Prevention from pests and diseases Potato is a very capricious crop and is not very resistant to pests and diseases, therefore careful and timely care of the plant is extremely important.

To strengthen immunity during early planting, it is best to spray plants with immunocytophyte, the solution of which is prepared as follows: 5 tablets are diluted in 125 ml of cold boiled water, after complete dissolution, such a preparation is added to 10 liters of water for spraying. The first spraying is carried out when the sprouts reach 15-20 cm in height, the procedure is repeated every 6 weeks. The second treatment should be carried out during the flowering period using fungicide preparations.

The presence of such a disease as late blight delays its development by a couple of weeks. If dark brown spots with a white edge appear on the leaves of the culture, noticeable when moisture gets on the leaf, then it is worth treating the plant with fungicides as early as possible, spraying every week, changing at this drugs to avoid addiction. With severe damage to the leaves, the yield is reduced by 2-3 times, so protect the plants from pests, mainly from the Colorado potato beetle.

The most malicious pest for this crop is, of course, the Colorado potato beetle. When dealing with it, it is best to use less harmful biological agents: bicol, colorado, phytoferm or bitoxibaccillin. They do not cause harm because they are not toxic to animals and humans, and they also retain beneficial bacteria.

Potatoes are an essential ingredient in many dishes, so it’s not easy to do without them in the kitchen. It is also called the "second bread" and this is not accidental. The diet of many inhabitants of our planet consists mainly of this food product. Of course, in order to always have this product on the table, you need to get it rich. And for this you should know the exact time of its landing, because a lot depends on it. In this article, we will consider the most favorable time for planting this crop.

What you need to know about the time of planting potatoes

One of the factors on which the future harvest directly depends is the time of its planting. If this parameter is taken into account correctly, then the probability of getting abundant potatoes increases significantly. With a negligent attitude to the timing of planting potatoes, its future harvest is significantly reduced due to adverse environmental conditions that negatively affect the germination of this plant.

For a large harvest, it is very important to take into account the timing of planting potatoes.

Many people time the planting of potatoes directly to the upcoming May holidays. The reason for this is a large amount of free time, so necessary during the working week. And if the weather does not let you down, then landing in most cases takes place at this time. In fact, relying on the weekend of May in this case is not always correct. Since by this time the soil may not ripen, or morning frosts will hold, which can negatively affect the germination of potatoes.

Choice of landing dates:

• Early planting in the soil that has not yet warmed up will slow down the emergence of seedlings in plants.
• If planting is delayed, all the soil moisture that enriched the earth during the snow melt can evaporate.

These factors will also affect the future harvest, so they must be observed. In addition to them, there are various fungal diseases that affect potatoes if the exact timing of its planting is not observed. It is also worth remembering and considering this parameter.

Therefore, you should not neglect the established dates for planting plants, otherwise many of your efforts will go down the drain.

And for those amateur gardeners who do not know when they still need to plant, it is worth reading this article more carefully. It is about the exact landing dates that we will now talk about.

According to long-term observations of professional gardeners and gardeners, the optimal time for planting potatoes is the period of time when the soil layer warms up to a depth of ten centimeters. It is this depth that corresponds to the depth of planting potato tubers. At the same time, the temperature of these soil crops should reach about eight degrees, above zero. Due to this, the first shoots will be able to appear.

Usually, by this time, the strongest morning frosts, which have such a negative effect on the germination of potatoes, are already over.

Warming up of the soil to the indicated positive temperatures occurs at different times of the spring period. In this case, the climate and the period of the onset of this spring are decisive. In early spring, potato planting dates are carried out in most cases in the month of April, and with prolonged snowmelt or low temperatures, the process shifts to mid-May or even its last decade. Therefore, it is worth monitoring the weather and trying to get acquainted with the preliminary forecast for several days in advance. It is by the current weather forecast that one can judge the timing of landing.

The people also have their own weather calendar, which directly affects the timing of planting potatoes. Such a calendar is called "folk", and tested by many years of observations of the weather. It is also worth relying on when determining the timing of planting potatoes.

The period of the beginning of planting potatoes according to the folk calendar is the following phenomena:

• cutting leaves on a birch
• dandelion bloom
• Blooming bird cherry
• Active birdsong
• Warming up of reservoirs

All these signs indicate the beginning of the flowering period of potatoes and the heating of the soil layer to the desired temperatures. By the way, the heating of the soil layer is a rather unpredictable process, since this parameter often depends on the geographical location of the area where such a crop is planned to be planted. Usually, the further south the settlement is located on the map, the earlier the planting of potatoes begins.

If growers and gardeners are supported by the parameters given in the text and plant potatoes at the right time, then they are most likely to get the most yield at the lowest cost. This parameter contributes to the appearance of early shoots on potatoes (in a month) and the minimum involvement of human labor. Yes, and frosts, according to signs, by this time are almost completely weakening.

Secrets to getting a good potato harvest:

• To begin with, it is worth planting those potato tubers that have already sprouted and given significant sprouts.
• Then the cooked early potatoes are planted, followed by the late ones. At the same time, gardeners harvest the crop in the same way: first, early potatoes, and then later ones.
• Sprouted potatoes sprout faster, especially if they are planted in the established sowing juices.
• Usually, the planting dates, determined by folk signs, fall exactly at the beginning of May. Therefore, the most optimal period for planting potatoes is precisely the first decade of May.
• Sometimes this period is shifted to an earlier or later, but it must be taken into account before boarding. Only in this way will you be able to get a crop of potatoes, which is enough not only for food, but also for sale.

Before embarking on planting potatoes, you should carefully study the upcoming weather forecast, which will tell you not only planting dates, but also strictly limit your time to various weather conditions.

More information on how to plant potatoes can be found in the video.

The optimal time for planting potatoes is determined according to the principles of technology used when embedding tubers in the soil. This step of the process should be given special attention. Its timing depends on the planting method, and the usefulness of the resulting crop directly depends on them. Before the tuber is planted in the ground, it must be germinated. To do this, 14 days before the expected planting date, the potatoes are laid out in one layer in a well-ventilated and lit place. Whitish parostki are removed from the tubers in advance.

Potatoes ready for planting have thick, green sprouts that are neither too long nor too thin.

In our usual understanding, the landing process consists of the following manipulations:

• The first planter digs holes in the ground and monitors compliance with the measured distance between them.
• The second deepens the planting material, adding a portion of humus or manure to the wells.
• The best planting depth for potatoes is 13-15 cm.

With this approach, labor savings are ensured, in addition, this is an excellent option for most potato plots.

Determining the optimal time for planting potatoes

In order to determine the best planting time, you need to know that not only very early, but also late planting of the root crop can reduce the yield. The optimum temperature for planting tubers is 5 degrees Celsius at a depth of 13-15 cm. This contributes to the rapid germination of potatoes, and the green mass of the bush grows faster. When potatoes are planted in June, a certain dependence of yield on soil temperature is no longer observed. Since, as the relevant observations have shown, planting in cool soil brings more results than in soil warmed up to 12 C. And in June, the soil at the required depth has just such a temperature.

Parostkas reach their peak of vital activity at the moment when the earth is warmed up from 3 to 7 C. In our latitude, the last dates for planting potatoes are mid and late May. The earth is already warm enough, but the tubers at this time can be planted at a shallower depth. Heat is not a shortage, and the surface of the garden is warmed up as well as possible.

The earlier potatoes are planted on the plot, the less should be the depth of its embedding.

If saturated black earth is rare in a certain suburban area, then it is necessary to plant potatoes at the end of April. In the Southern region - this period is shifted to the beginning of April. Here one should not be late with planting, since even a weekly delay threatens with a 30% decrease in yield.

Important points and nuances of the June potato planting

When for some reason it turned out to be too late to plant a garden, then you need to know a few important points, as well as take into account the favorable days suitable for planting potatoes in June. Nothing is impossible, but such terms of landing in our country are usually practiced in the south. If nothing else remains, you should buy tubers of an early ripening variety, which is guaranteed to ripen before the onset of the cold season. With a warm autumn, potatoes manage to give a good one. And yet, this type of landing is quite problematic:

• The first problem is the preservation of high-grade planting material.
• Second, the June planting of potatoes, especially if the summer season is very hot, requires protection from drought and sun for each individual bed.
• And third, in the middle lane at this time, the Colorado potato beetle is very active, and not only its mature larva, but also adults.

So is it possible to plant potatoes in June? Naturally, but in this case, the summer resident will have to tinker a lot to get a good harvest.

But if planting is needed in order to obtain planting material, then June is the most favorable time. In specialized literature, this term is called "summer planting". Planting is possible until the end of the month, and the grown tubers are harvested in mid-October. Agrotechnical difficulties are the same as with timely planting in the spring. Tuberization lasts from late summer to autumn, but only if the ambient temperature does not fall below + 9C.

Potatoes planted in June must be well watered, it is best to do this by basal irrigation, preferably in the evening. Can be organized with a hose, just make high row spacing and move the hose to the high end of each high row. So that water is not consumed beyond measure, it is recommended to make a kind of dam from improvised materials on the lower cut of the beds. If the potato was not germinated, then there is no need to waste precious time, high humidity and heat will do their job and the potato will certainly grow. This will give a chance not only to get a crop, but also to avoid a mass raid.

Summer potato planting dates - video