The jig for drilling holes is a bar small size, which has hole patterns located at certain angles and having different diameters for drilling. In fact, this tool is designed to solve the problem: to place the drill under right angle to the web of the processed material. After all, sometimes it is simply impossible to correct such a mistake.
Structural features and types of conductors
The drilling jig is actually a hole pattern that allows you to make them with maximum accuracy. They can be divided into two types:
- when the drilling axis is at right angles to the surface of the material;
- when the axis passes under a sharp or obtuse angle in relation to the plane.
The tool has such versatility that it finds application in various industries. For several decades, it has been very actively used in the engineering and construction industries. After all, it allows not only to drill holes in the desired workpieces at different angles and with excellent accuracy, having different configuration features. It makes it easy to drill holes in various building structures, as well as pipes of any material, etc. The conductor is often used in the furniture industry, as it greatly simplifies the process of fastening fittings and the assembly of its various parts. In fact, this is only a small front of the tasks that the conductor is able to solve.
Instrument classification
According to the functionality and design functionality, the drilling jig is divided into types:
- overhead. The name comes from their functional way of working, that is, they are superimposed on the blank part or the surface to be processed, attached to it with special clamps or held by hand. Such a device is applicable for drilling flat surfaces, for example, boards, MDF boards and chipboard. It is called a furniture jig for drilling holes. Thanks to the use of the jig, the holes themselves are very neat and verified;
- rotary. Such templates are great for drilling a round or cylindrical surface. Thanks to this design, the axis occupies a horizontal, vertical and inclined position to the surface. This is possible thanks to bushings that can guide the drilling line;
- universal. Tools of this design are very popular in small industrial production, where quick adjustment to the existing surface plays an important role. Due to their uniqueness, they are also in demand in household when you have to work with different materials, planes and surfaces;
overturned. In terms of functionality, they resemble something universal. They are needed when you want to make a hole in different planes and at different angles. It is very convenient for carrying out some repair work when you want to drill a hole in the wall without high costs in time and at a specific angle; - sliding. According to its name, such a conductor does not have to be attached to the surface where it is supposed to be applied. It should be noted the inconvenience of such a conductor in handling, as it requires constant hand holding;
- fixed. Unlike sliding conductors, they are attached to the place where they are intended to be used. It is much easier to fix them, but due to their design they limit the scope of human work. This can be clearly seen when working on walls or vertical planes having only one spindle.
Such templates allow you to maintain perpendicularity between the pipe or sphere and the drill itself. It is very important.
Furniture jigs for drilling holes deserve a separate description.
In the manufacture of furniture, it is practically impossible to do without conductors or similar templates, especially when assembling all structural elements future furniture. First of all, they correct such an error as an incorrect angle of entry of the drill into the workpiece. As you know, correcting such a mistake is very difficult, sometimes even impossible, and if possible, it takes a lot of time. The jig not only allows you to position the drill relative to the part, but also allows it to move away from the intended direction of drilling during operation.
They are used when it is required to drill holes for fasteners. In this case, a conductor is used for confirmants or dowels. Without them, drilling such holes is simply impossible. And how often does it happen that when assembling furniture, there is a shortage of a certain number of holes necessary for the final assembly.
Angle hole jig
The jig for drilling holes at an angle is used for assembling furniture. Often it is used for drilling not too thick MDF boards or chipboard, plywood. Also used in production. They can be manufactured both in a specialized version, for specific operations, or in more universal form. They reduce the time for making inclined holes. Moreover, by eye to make them the same way exactly will not work.
At home, drilling at an angle is not often necessary, but such a need arises. This kind of conductor can be made independently, or you can buy it. The reason is that if you do not engage in mass production, then preparing templates for non-standard holes will most likely not justify the cost. It will be easier and cheaper to try to drill the hole as needed, but with small deviations, than to make templates. It may never be useful again. It's up to the owner to decide.
The jig for drilling holes for dowels is one of the simplest templates in its version. However, you should be aware that such templates should simplify the work of the master, and not complicate it when he is forced to use complex devices.
Used to assemble furniture. It should provide simultaneous drilling of holes without changing the device. For the manufacture of different materials are used with different strength characteristics. The most durable can be considered a unit made of steel.
Conductor for confirmation of variety and the possibility of manufacturing
Also the easiest jig for drilling a hole for confirmation. Such a conductor is assembled at home without much difficulty. It makes sense to assemble it yourself if you are professionally manufacturing furniture. For drilling one or two holes it is impractical.
More complex drawings can be taken from any source on the Internet. With the complication of the constructiveness of the device, its range of use expands. In order not to bother with constructively complex devices, can be made from readily available materials, such as metal plates, wood bars, fittings or corners. Welding consumables may be required for working with metal, although locking elements can be attached to threaded bolts.
Advantages and disadvantages
According to its functional purpose, the conductor acts as a template, according to which it is necessary to drill a hole in the required material with maximum accuracy to the original. Such a template greatly facilitates the work of the master when it is necessary to drill a strictly vertical, horizontal or inclined hole.
The master no longer needs to make sketches, measurements, having such a tool with him. The drill is located strictly at the required angle, which is necessary in the process of work and cannot deviate. This improves the accuracy of work, which can be seen in the example of deep holes.
To work with furniture, the conductor must meet the following requirements:
- it should help and speed up the process of assembling furniture, not require the use of sophisticated equipment;
- allow you to make several holes at once without the need for manual markings;
- increase work with a drill;
The materials from which conductors are made have different strength characteristics. Basically it is plastic and glass from organic raw materials. But the most durable are obtained from metals, namely steel. Therefore, when choosing, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:
- minimal deformation under heavy loads;
- a clear axis of the direction of the drill;
- no heating during operation.
AT furniture production use lighter conductors that are easy to handle. Factory or homemade options can be used.
It should be noted that a real master has a trained eye, so often all these devices are not needed to make the hole correct.
A clear advantage of such tools is ease of use. With their help, even an inexperienced person will be able to do all the work at the level of a skilled worker. Here you don't even have to do anything. complex calculations and have great experience. Its main purpose is to speed up the work process many times over.
Homemade conductor apparatus
A do-it-yourself jig for drilling holes is a great alternative to store options. Since the store does not always have exactly the option that is required in this moment. It can be assembled at home.
Let's consider a more popular and standardized option, suitable for more frequently performed jobs like furniture assembly.
Scheme for assembling the conductor Reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm or more is required. With help cutting tool, for example, grinders, cut into segments of the required length. Clean the blanks with sandpaper. According to the standard, all drilled holes have a distance of 32 cm between them. Make marks and drill holes. The next step is to create reference points for our blanks. For these purposes, a plate made of any metal is perfect. Thickness from 1 mm. It is unwise to use a thicker plate, as it only adds weight to the entire device. They are connected together and then places for threaded fastening are outlined. They are connected and attached to each other. That's it, the device is ready to use.
The main purpose of the conductor, it is the most important thing, is to simplify the work with the drill and reduce the assembly time of furniture. The difference between purchased and homemade device is its adjustment to the specific needs of the master.
The main fastener in the assembly of furniture is confirmat. It is screwed in with a pre-drilled hole. It is drilling assembly holes in chipboard for confirmations, we will consider in this article.
To assemble chipboard parts, we need:
- screwdriver
- Bat for confirmations
- Ruler or tape measure
- Pencil and awl
Hole depth and width
When usually used confirmat size 6.4 * 50. Because the diameter of the thread is 6.4 mm, and the diameter of the body of the confirmation is 4.4 mm, then for high-quality fastening of parts, the diameter of the hole should be in the range of 4.5-5 mm and a depth of at least 50 mm.
If the thickness of the hole is more than the specified one, the confirmation will not hold the parts well, if it is less, it can break the chipboard with its thickness.
For drilling, a confirmatory drill with a diameter of 4.5 mm is used, which is equipped with an additional head for drilling an enlarged hole for the neck of the confirmate, which also makes a countersink for its head.
Of course, you can also use conventional drill with a diameter of 5 mm, but for high-quality fastening in the hole, you will additionally need to make space for the confirmant's neck and his hat.
To perfectly fasten two parts, it is necessary to mark the places of their attachment as accurately as possible.
On the part that will be superimposed on the end (the one on which through hole), you need to make two measurements - along the length (usually 5-10 cm) and from the edge - exactly 8 mm (this is if the plate thickness is 16 mm).
On the part that lies perpendicularly, we mark the drilling point at the end. Here you need to maintain the same distance in length (5-10 cm from the beginning), and in width - strictly in the center (8 mm from the edge).
Marking should be done as accurately as possible, especially along the length, because. if the layout is incorrect, your parts may have extra gaps or protrusions when docking.
It is better to make a through hole in the first part, attach it to the second one - and immediately mark the place of drilling at the end of the second part with a drill. And then, separately already, calmly drill a hole.
We make a hole at a distance of 8 mm from the edge.
The drill must ALWAYS be held strictly perpendicular to the surface.
Before you make a through hole, place a piece of unnecessary chipboard under the part. This will prevent chipping on the back.
When the through hole is made, to drill holes for the neck and the cap of the confirmation, the part can be drilled on the fly.
The main rule is that when drilling at the end, the drill must be strictly perpendicular to the end of the part. If you don't hold the drill straight, the drill may go sideways and come out, ruining the part.
When drilling, you need to pull out the drill several times so that chips do not clog in the hole.
This option is considered the most accurate and, moreover, the fastest. But in order to make a hole in two parts at the same time, you will need to fix them before drilling. This may require special clamps, clamps and other devices.
Hole drilling accessories
In order not to mark 8 mm from the edge both into the layer and along the end each time, you can use a special device, which, by the way, is easy to do yourself.
It is a kind of wooden template with a metal sleeve for the drill inside.
It looks like this, see the photo:
And this is more professional stuff:
See short video for precise drilling of holes in chipboard for confirmations and assembly of furniture parts:
Dowel drilling
The hole for the dowels is made with an 8 mm drill. Also, in order not to drill through the part, it is advisable to equip it with a depth gauge.
At the end, we drill with the same drill to a depth of 20 mm. Do not forget that during any work, the drill must be strictly perpendicular to the plane of the part.
Of course, if you took a drill in your hands for the first time in your life, you will not succeed very well. But this lesson can be learned pretty quickly.
A jig for drilling holes is a device used in mechanical engineering to simplify the process of processing a part. In fact, it is a template that serves to guide or position the workpiece. It can be used on various equipment, such as, for example, or a diamond drilling machine.
In engineering production, conductors are fairly accurate fixtures (up to 0.05 mm (depending on the requirements for the part being manufactured)). They come in two main types: overhead (in the form of plates) and box-shaped, which are three-dimensional structures. There are also conductors for drilling of mixed type. These devices are used to reduce labor intensity: from technological process machining of the part, the marking operation is removed, in addition, it becomes possible to drill several holes at the same time.
The drilling jig is used only in serial and mass production. This is due to the fact that for a small batch of parts it is impractical to manufacture a separate fixture, which, moreover, will have to be installed and configured separately.
A drilling jig is usually used to process several holes that lie in the same plane. It is best if the parts are unified in terms of standard sizes, this will allow the device to be used for a wide range of products.
The drilling jig is also used in light industry and construction. Such devices are only of the overhead type, made of or lighter materials, such as wood or plexiglass. These products are not designed for high accuracy, the positioning error is only ±0.5 mm. But this is more than enough to make holes for fittings in furniture or drill a series of holes in the wall of the house. Used as equipment conventional drill or drilling machine desktop type.
You can independently make a conductor for domestic needs. It will be needed during repairs, when you need to make a lot of holes of the same type and there is no desire to spend time on preliminary marking. For its manufacture, you can use any improvised materials: on a sheet of metal or wooden board mark and drill all the necessary holes that will serve as guides. If necessary, a plumb line is additionally made so that chips or concrete chips do not fall to the floor. It is possible to make a dust-free jig when the template is covered with a specially fitted half of a plastic bottle.
The main advantages of these devices are high accuracy hole positioning without preliminary marking, high performance labor and reducing the deviation of perpendicularity (due to the guide bushings). However, the use of a drilling jig is not always economically justified, especially with small batches of parts in production.
In the process of assembling or repairing furniture, it is often necessary to perform work on precise drilling of holes for confirmation, for dowels, dowels and other furniture fasteners. In the case of wood and chipboard, it is difficult to make such holes using only an electric drill: the entrance part of the hole is broken, and it itself may not turn out at right angles to the mating surfaces. Thus, a jig is required for drilling holes.
Purpose and classification of furniture conductors
The purpose of the jig for drilling holes is to accurately direct the drill to the required point, and ensure the straightness of the tool throughout the entire depth of the hole being made. In metalworking, such devices have been known for a long time, and are often supplied with the machine. Due to the increased number of closed connections in modern furniture products, the need for such conductors for woodworking specialists is very relevant.
There are the following types of furniture conductors:
- Overlays that do not require fixing before use. They are simple, mobile, but they force you to use only one hand when drilling (if the drill or grinder is not installed in a special frame). Making such a conductor with your own hands is easy and simple. They are mainly used when making holes in MDF or chipboard.
- Swivel, which are equipped with folding brackets, and allow you to perform drilling on two planes adjacent to each other with one go.
- Conductors for drilling holes at an angle. A highly specialized version of the conductor, which is designed to make holes at various angles. Often combined with the overhead design of the equipment in question.
- Sliding, with which you can make several holes without changing the settings (including in several rows). More necessary for professionals who often have to perform such work. Requires skill to use correctly.
With sufficient rigidity of the conductor, it can also be used for drilling holes in products that do not have a flat plane, for example, in pipes. Then the conductor is fixed with a clamp (this option is not suitable for furniture, because of the danger of surface deformation).
Jig for drilling holes with your own hands
Basically, such equipment consists of the following parts:
- An angular body element applied to the surfaces of products, which will subsequently be connected to each other with dowels, dowels or confirmations.
- Guide bushings, which includes a drill.
- Clamping / fixing devices, which are located at the end parts of the conductor.
For the conductor, who is supposed to be made by hand, it is important to design a fixture for the most common home master fastening options. If you need a universal conductor (for furniture makers), then it is better to spend money on industrial version equipment, which is characterized by increased accuracy of fixing parts, and has a better performance. Moreover, manufacturers often offer templates, stops and other useful little things. Price furniture conductor industrial production ranges from 500 to 1200 rubles, which is determined by its functionality - the length and number of guide holes.
Let's start designing a furniture jig for drilling holes by choosing a corner. More opportunities for the product, where the corner will be unequal, and with the maximum possible thickness of the shelf. According to the GOST 8510 range “Steel unequal angles”, the minimum allowable dimensions are the L63 × 40 × 8 angle: with a shelf thickness of 8 mm, a guide bush with an outer diameter of up to 6 mm can be placed there. The inner hole for the drill, therefore, can be no more than 3.5 ... 4 mm, but this is quite enough for most options for the holes to be obtained. In extreme cases, they can be drilled out without using the fixture, especially if the hole is deep enough.
The next step is the design of the guide bushing. It can be selected from any stainless pipe GOST 9941 (seamless) or GOST 9940 (all-welded). It is recommended that you first select the pipe according to the diameter of the inner hole. A 6×1 pipe will make it possible to obtain an internal hole for a drill with a diameter of up to 3.6 ... 3.7 mm, and a 6×1.5 pipe - for a drill up to 2.7 mm (double-sided clearance is taken taking into account the thermal expansion of the material). The length of the sleeve must be no less than twice the height of the hole made in the corner. The landing of each bushing in the hole must be carried out with an interference fit or transition. The most appropriate is the landing on the shaft system, when the already known outside diameter bushings, and a hole is drilled under it in the corner. It is better to use a slight interference fit, such as h9/P10.
It happens that the conductor must be calculated for drilling a deep hole. In such cases, the sleeve must be stepped (with a collar). Bushings for machine tools according to GOST 12214 have the necessary accuracy and dimensions, the inner hole in which has a constant diameter value along the entire height of the bushing.
The number of holes, and especially the distance between them, is chosen according to the specific needs of the user.
When choosing a mounting method for the conductor, choose one of the following options:
- Spring stop, which will press the surface of the conductor to the part due to the elastic forces of the material. Any flat spring with the required clamping force is suitable as such an emphasis;
- Fixing with self-tapping screws, which are screwed into the material of the part, and keep the jig from being displaced by friction forces. This option is convenient in that the resulting outlines can be further used as additional elements centering the future hole. In the case of chipboard, this option should be used with caution;
- External clamps, under which it is worth placing corrugated rubber gaskets. In this case, the weight of the conductor will increase, and the compliance of the rubber may violate the perpendicularity of the axis of the conductor bushings. Therefore, using this method of fastening, the drill is first inserted into the sleeve, the hole is marked, and only after that the clamp is used.
Drilling jig for dowels and dowels
The sequence and design of the simplest devices for accurately obtaining holes is considered in the following two examples:
- Multi-position conductor with clamp fastening (see Fig. 1). A thick-walled aluminum corner is adopted here as the initial body part. Due to the considerable length of the device, it is provided intermediate fastening in the middle. When turning the jig at an angle of 90º, the increased thickness of the wall of the corner, which is superimposed on the surface of the part, is successfully used. The distance between the guide bushings is selected according to the most common distances for dowels or for confirmation.
Figure 1 - Multi-position jig for drilling holes with clamp fastening
- Two-slider furniture jig, with which you can make holes in two mutually mating parts. The design of the device is clear from the attached drawing (see Fig. 2). It consists of two guide lines, which are connected by fasteners to the connecting bar. The presence of several holes on it allows you to install the bar on parts of various widths. Interchangeable housings with a set of guide bushings with different distances between them move along the rulers. The conductor is fixed using a connecting strip, and with opposite side- travel limiter, which is tightened with a wing screw.
Figure 2 - Multi-slider furniture jig: 1 - Guide ruler; 2 - Adjusting screw; 3 - Housing; 4 - Thrust bar; 5- Movement limiter.
Furniture conductor - simple mechanical device, which serves to speed up and simplify the actions when drilling holes. The use of this device allows you to create technological holes without pre-applied markings and do it with perfect accuracy, as well as a verified inclination. The device is indispensable during the assembly of furniture structures, during carpentry work. For use in everyday life and in the production of small volumes, it is very easy to make a furniture jig with your own hands.
In fact, the furniture conductor is a regular pattern with holes. desired diameter. The working part of the device is a rectangular block of solid material with holes located according to the required markings. For convenience, it can be equipped with regulating and fixing mechanisms. Based on the simplicity of the design, you can quickly make stencils for furniture with your own hands from improvised means.
The jig provides the desired direction of the drill at an angle of 90 degrees to the surface, eliminating the possibility of deviation. This is especially important when working on narrow pieces of furniture, such as the ends of walls or doors. Without this device, it is quite difficult to withstand desired angle, which can lead to marriage, because even a slight deviation in the direction of the mounting hole can make it impossible to assemble individual elements into a single structure.
For perfect matching of furniture elements to each other also great importance has the accuracy of the location of the holes for fasteners. Those who make furniture with their own hands are often faced with the need to create a series of identical holes at a certain distance from each other. To facilitate the work, to make it faster, it is easier not to markup each time, but to apply a template.
With the help of the conductor, you can work with different furniture materials: wood, chipboard, MDF.
The choice of model for manufacturing
Conductors of industrial production are highly specialized and universal. Templates of the first type are used to perform certain operations on typical parts. Universal devices are suitable for working with different materials and objects of various configurations.
By design features and functionality conductors are divided into the following types:
- overhead - when used, they are applied to the surface in desired area, fixing with clamps or holding by hand. Used for drilling holes in flat parts;
- rotary - the working part moves both in vertical and in horizontal planes. Used when working with complex elements geometric shape and to create holes, the axis of which should be at an angle;
- tiltable - used to create holes in perpendicular planes.
To mark the places for drilling holes, a marking jig is used. It is much thinner and lighter.
The conductor device can be specially created for a certain type of fastener: dowels, confirmations, screws, corners. There are devices to simplify the process of installing fittings.
According to the type of fixation, furniture conductors can be sliding or fixed. The former move freely over the surface if necessary, the latter are rigidly fixed in the right place. The presence of an adjustment mechanism will help to combine the device with different types of workpieces.
For large furniture manufacturers, the availability of a variety of accessories plays a decisive role, as they significantly reduce time costs. AT this case does not have special significance the cost of the tools. A completely different approach to buying necessary equipment those who have a small production of furniture or have independent craftsmen, manufacturing certain types furniture. In this case, making furniture templates with your own hands is much cheaper and more practical. Choice desired options, the complexity of the fixture is determined not only by production needs, but also by the skill and experience of furniture manufacturers.
Overhead
Turning
Universal
Materials and tools
For the manufacture of the device, it is necessary first of all to determine the tasks that it will perform. Accordingly, they select desired material, from which a furniture template will be made with your own hands. The most durable, reliable and "long-playing" is considered a metal conductor. To create a furniture conductor for drilling with your own hands, it is permissible to use wood, plywood, textolite, plexiglass. This is due to lower labor costs and low cost of material. All this is important, especially if you are going to make several different templates yourself.
For the manufacture of a conductor, a piece of reinforcement, a bar or a plate is suitable - something that is sure to be found in any garage or home workshop. To make a simple marking device, you can take a regular school ruler - wooden, plastic or metal.
Of decisive importance in the manufacture of the jig is the exact calculation of the location of the holes on the workpiece. Can be taken ready scheme or make it yourself. The latter option is preferable, since the dimensions in the drawings must correspond to the tasks being solved.
Of the tools you will need:
- drill;
- grinder or jigsaw;
- a set of locksmith tools;
- clamps;
- vise.
In the manufacture of the conductor, you will need an ideal precise drilling pilot holes and hardening of the finished fixture
Drawing homemade conductor for drilling holes for confirmations
Manufacturing steps
Consider the process of creating a metal conductor device for confirmations. This fastener is most often used in furniture assembly:
- from a metal bar square section(10x10 mm) with the help of a grinder, a piece of the desired length is cut off. The ends of the resulting segment are leveled with a file and cleaned of burrs. Corners and edges can be rounded for convenience and safety of use;
- holes are marked on the workpiece. Their centers should be located at a distance of 8 mm from the side face (thickness chipboard sheet- 16 mm). From the end and between the holes should be 32 mm, according to the generally accepted system of furniture fastenings. For marking, you can use a carpenter's corner or caliper. It is better to make marks on the part with a sharp metal object - an awl or a large needle. You can use a core and a hammer to make holes for the initial installation of the drill. It is important when drilling holes to prevent displacement of the drill and make them strictly perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece;
- using a drill with a diameter of 5 mm, make holes;
- to create an emphasis, you need to cut a piece of the desired length from a metal plate (1x25 mm);
- finish the edges with sandpaper;
- bend the workpiece at a right angle, holding it in a vise. Fold the parts, aligning them coaxially;
- fasten the parts in this position with a clamp;
- on the side of the plate along the length of the device and at the end, drill holes corresponding to the size of the screw. Cut threads and fasten parts;
- cut off the excess of the stop plate, process the edges.
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