The area of ​​the Russian Federation and the population. The total area of ​​Russia. Total area of ​​Russia with Crimea

short information about the country

Foundation date

Official language

Form of government

Presidential republic

Territory

17,125,187 km² (1st in the world)

Population

143 666 931 people (9th in the world)

Russian ruble (RUB)

Time Zones

UTC +2…+11, no UTC +5

Largest cities

Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Omsk

$3.373 trillion (6th in the world)

Internet domain

Telephone code

Russian Federation- the world's largest state, occupying 1/8 of the land and located in the northeast of Eurasia. Russia is a country with a long history, rich cultural heritage and generous nature. In Russia, you can find almost everything that a traveler meets individually in a particular country - sunny beaches of the subtropics and snowy mountain peaks, endless steppes and dense forests, stormy rivers and warm seas.

Video: Russia through the eyes of a foreigner

Geography

Russia covers an area of ​​17 million square kilometers, which is larger than Australia or Antarctica. Russia is almost 2 times larger than Canada, the USA and China.

Neighbors of the country: China and North Korea in the southeast, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan in the south, Belarus, Latvia, Norway, Estonia and Finland in the west. Russian enclave, Kaliningrad region, borders on Lithuania and Poland.

In the east, the country is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the Sea of ​​Japan, the Bering Sea and the Bering Strait; in the north - by the Laptev, Barents, Chukchi, Kara and East Siberian seas; in the south - by the Azov and Black seas; in the west - the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland.

The largest Russian rivers: Ob, Volga, Yenisei, Lena and Amur. The largest lakes of the country: Baikal, Ladoga, Onega and Caspian Seas.

The European and Asian parts of the country are separated by the Ural Mountains, the highest of which is Mount Narodnaya (1895 meters). From the Ural Range to the Primorsky Territory lies Siberia, divided by the Yenisei and Lena rivers into three natural regions. In the south of the Asian part, the Altai Mountains rise, the highest point of which is Mount Belukha (4056 meters). To the east of the Altai Mountains are the Sayans, Baikal and Transbaikalia. Further, towards the Pacific Ocean, the mountain system of the Far East begins, the highest point of which and the entire Asian part - the Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano (4750 meters) is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula. In the south of Russia, the mountains of the North Caucasus rise, crowned by Elbrus (5642 meters), the highest point not only in Russia, but also in Europe.

The territory of the country is divided into 4 natural zones and 11 natural areas. The Far North is a zone of arctic deserts. To the south, in the Subarctic, there are tundra and forest-tundra. The temperate zone is more than half occupied by taiga. On the rest of it there are zones of mixed forests, forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert and desert. On the Black Sea coast The Caucasus is a subtropical zone, which is only 0.05% of the country's area.

More than 100 nature reserves, 40 natural and 35 national parks have been created in Russia.

Climate

Russia is located mainly in the temperate continental climate zone. The islands of the Arctic Ocean and the northern continental territories are influenced by the arctic and subarctic climate. The hot subtropical climate is typical for the Black Sea region and the south of the Far East. The continental climate intensifies from west to east. The European part of the country is dominated by a temperate climate with hot summers and winter temperatures down to -15 degrees. Starting from Western Siberia, the climate becomes sharply continental, with frequent and abrupt weather changes. In winter, the air temperature here can drop to -40°, and in the north and east of Siberia - to -50° and even to -60° (Oymyakon, Verkhoyansk).

Most precipitation falls in the mountains of the Caucasus and Altai, and the driest place in Russia is the Caspian lowland.

Summer is the most favorable season for traveling in Russia. At this time, positive temperatures prevail here - on average, from 0 ° on the Arctic coast to + 25 ° in the southern regions.

Winter lasts in central Russia for about five months - snow cover sets in November, and frosts continue until the end of March.

Early spring is not the best season to travel around the country. In April, the city streets are slushy with occasional snow, and the countryside is filled with raging rivers. It often rains in May, accompanied by strong winds and thunderstorms.

The beginning of autumn is the most beautiful season and a great time to get to know Russia. The September temperature, as a rule, does not fall below +15°. In addition, at the beginning of the month, Russians and guests of the country are pleased with the "Indian summer" - warming up to + 25 °, lasting from several days to two weeks. In October, prolonged drizzling rains become more frequent, the temperature drops, and there are frosts at night.

Cities of Russia

All cities of Russia

Attractions

Even for several trips, it is impossible to see all the sights of Russia, the abundance of which will make the most experienced traveler's head spin. The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 27 of which are located in Russia, can help tourists navigate:

• The Kremlin and Red Square are the most famous and recognizable symbols Russia. The Kremlin, the embodiment of Russian statehood, is not only the largest fortress in Europe, which is a historical monument, but also the workplace of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as a venue for important events and celebrations;
• the historical center of St. Petersburg and related monuments;
• the historical and cultural center "Solovki Islands" - a monastery with a tragic fate (Arkhangelsk region);
• Ferapontov Monastery, famous for its frescoes, created in 1502 (the village of Ferapontovo, Vologda region);


• architectural ensemble of the Kizhi Pogost - unique wooden churches and a bell tower (Republic of Karelia, near the city of Medvezhyegorsk);
• monuments of Novgorod and its environs, including Novgorod Detinets with the rarest square churches;
• white stone monuments of Suzdal and Vladimir;
• Church of the Ascension of the XVI century, located in the village of Kolomenskoye, Moscow Region - the first stone hipped temple in Russia, built in honor of the birth of Ivan IV (the Terrible);
• Trinity-Sergius Lavra - the largest Orthodox monastery in Russia (Sergiev Posad, Moscow region);
• forests of the Komi Republic - the largest virgin forests in Europe;


• the deepest lake on the planet - Baikal, which is also the largest reservoir of fresh water;
• volcanoes of Kamchatka (30 active and about 300 extinct);
• Sikhote-Alin natural biosphere reserve- Habitat for sable, Amur tigers, mink and other rare animals (Primorsky Territory);
• Golden mountains of Altai (Altai and Katunsky reserves, Ukok plateau);
• The Ubsunur basin is a habitat for 80 species of mammals, including the snow leopard (irbis) and argali (argali) listed in the Red Book, as well as 350 species of birds (Republic of Tyva);
• Caucasian nature reserve;
• The Kazan Kremlin is the northernmost point of Muslim civilization, a unique combination of Tatar and Russian architectural styles;


• Curonian Spit - a sandy spit with a unique natural landscape, which has no analogues in the world (Kaliningrad region);
• Karyn-Kala fortress of the 8th century, Old city Derbent and its unique double defensive wall (Republic of Dagestan);
• Wrangel Island, which has the largest number of polar bear dens in the world and the largest bird colonies and walrus rookeries in the Arctic (Chukotka Federal District);
• Novodevichy Convent (Moscow);
• historical center of Yaroslavl;
• Struve geodetic arc - 34 stone cubes dug into the ground and serving to determine the parameters of our planet (Gogland Island, Leningrad Region);
• Putorana Plateau with numerous waterfalls and lakes (Krasnoyarsk Territory);
• Lena Pillars - sheer bare rocks over 100 meters high, over 400 thousand years old (Republic of Sakha);
• architectural and historical ensemble Bulgar (Republic of Tatarstan).

Traditional places of pilgrimage for tourists are Moscow and St. Petersburg with their world famous museums, churches, monasteries, palaces and parks. Going to St. Petersburg, do not forget about its beautiful suburbs: Tsarskoe Selo, Peterhof, Pavlovsk and Lomonosov. It is also convenient to go on a trip around Karelia and to the island of Valaam from the Northern capital.

Having visited Moscow, try to visit its environs: the cities of Chekhov, Klin and Serpukhov, the villages of Abramtsevo, Arkhangelsk and Ostafyevo.

One of the popular tourist routes is the "Golden Ring" of Russia, connecting the ancient Russian cities: Vladimir, Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Suzdal, Yuryev, Kostroma, Rostov and Yaroslavl.

Russian North - Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, where samples of national wooden architecture are carefully protected and ancient traditions are maintained. Here is a real reserve of ecotourism - Karelia.

The Volga region is Nizhny Novgorod with its Kremlin and monuments; this is the Volga River, cruises along which provide an excellent opportunity to see and fall in love with the beauties of central Russia.

The Ural attracts tourists with picturesque landscapes and historical sites. Famous monuments of the Ural region are associated with last days life royal family Romanovs - the Monastery in Ganina Yama and the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II and his family were shot. The Urals is an excellent place for ecotourism, the natural attractions of which are the Chusovaya River, Kungur ice caves, Lake Uveldy, Turgoyak and Ilmensky reserves, mineral springs in Obukhovo.

The south of Russia is the resorts of the Caucasus, the sights of Rostov-on-Don and the capital of the Russian merchant class Astrakhan. The Kuban and its capital Krasnodar are becoming increasingly popular with tourists. Novorossiysk is one of the largest port cities in the country. Here, travelers tend to visit Lake Abrau and take pictures with the monument to Leonid Brezhnev.

Cities Central Russia: Tula, Kaluga, Ryazan, Smolensk, Pskov, Kirov, Tver - ancient Russian settlements with interesting architecture and centuries-old history.

Siberia will give travelers an acquaintance with Altai, one of the most beautiful and ecologically clean places in Russia; with the steppes and forests of Khakassia; with the original cities of Tobolsk and Tomsk. Those who wish can make a unique journey to the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell.

The Far East is famous for diamond Yakutia, the Kamchatka Valley of Geysers, bear fishing, and untouched nature.

The Trans-Siberian Railway is a 9,000-kilometer-long railway that crosses Russia from west to east and connects Moscow and Vladivostok. Traveling along the Trans-Siberian Railway, the tourist will turn the arrows on his watch 8 times, get acquainted with the natural diversity of Russia, visit the large cities of the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia.

All sights of Russia

Flora and fauna

There are about 25,000 plant species in Russia. The richest flora (more than 6000 species) is found in the Caucasus and the Far East (up to 2000 species), the least vegetation is found on the Arctic islands.

The tundra and forest-tundra are located in the permafrost zone, which does not allow large representatives of the flora to develop; only lichens and mosses, dwarf shrubs and trees can survive here.

Forests occupy almost half of the country's territory, with most of them located in the Asian half of Russia. Taiga stretches from Karelia to the Urals, then stretches across Siberia, including Kamchatka and Sakhalin. In Siberian forests grow mainly conifers(pine, cedar, spruce, larch), diluted with oak, aspen and birch. In the Far East there are mixed forests, similar to those that occupy middle lane Russia. Closer to the south grow oak, ash, hornbeam and maple. In the warm regions of Russia, areas occupied by forest-steppe (Middle Volga, South Urals and West Siberian Plain) and steppe with dense vegetation and not large quantity trees (Southern Volga and south of Western Siberia).

The animal world of Russia is rich and diverse: in the Far North and in the tundra regions live polar fox and hare, polar bear, seal, walrus and reindeer, among the birds - partridge, gulls, loons and snowy owls. The Siberian taiga is a haven for deer, elk, brown bear, fox, wolf, hare, lynx and sable. Characteristic representatives of feathered local forests are black grouse, capercaillie, owl, nutcracker, crossbill.

The Far East is famous for the Ussuri tiger and leopards, Kamchatka - for a large number of brown bears and deer.

Mink, wild boar, numerous snakes and birds live in mixed and deciduous forests.

Many rodents live in the steppes: hamsters, ground squirrels, marmots. Antelope is found here, and predators are represented by the Tatar fox and the steppe polecat. The most notable birds are cranes, golden eagles and eagles.

Several species of mountain goats live in the regions of the Caucasus, as well as deer, roe deer, leopards, wild boars, bears and porcupines. Here you can find a variety of reptiles and insects.

State structure and general information

The Russian Federation (RF) includes 85 equal subjects - 22 republics, 9 territories, 46 regions, 3 federal cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol), 1 autonomous region (Jewish) and 4 autonomous districts.

Russia is a democratic, federal state headed by the president. Legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and State Duma. Executive power is vested in the government headed by the prime minister.

Russia has a population of 146 million, making it the ninth largest country in the world in terms of population.

The Russian Federation is a secular state, in whose Constitution the right of a citizen to any religion is enshrined. Of all the religious denominations, the Orthodox is the most numerous; the inhabitants of Russia also profess Islam, Buddhism, Catholicism, Judaism and other religions.

Representatives of more than 160 nationalities live in the country, of which 82% are Russians, 4% Tatars, and 3% Ukrainians.

The largest cities in Russia with a population of more than a million people: Moscow (the capital of the Russian Federation), St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Samara, Volgograd, Omsk, Ufa, Rostov-on-Don.

The state language of the country is Russian.

There are 11 time zones on the territory of Russia. In the first time zone (Kaliningrad), the difference with Moscow time is minus 1 hour. In the 11th time zone (Kamchatka), time is ahead of Moscow by 9 hours.

Story

Primitive people appeared on the territory of Russia more than a million years ago. And the formation of Russian statehood proper took place in the 7th-19th centuries, when the Slavic peoples began to move from Central Europe to the East. Settlers founded two independent centers - Novgorod and Kyiv.

September 8, 862 is considered the date of formation of the Old Russian state, when the Novgorodians, wanting to stop internecine wars, called Rurik to the kingdom. The Varangian prince managed to unite the largest East Slavic tribes, and his successor, Prophetic Oleg, conquered Kyiv and annexed the southern lands to the Russian state.

Russia reached its highest prosperity and power in the 11th century under Yaroslav the Wise, who saved it from the Pecheneg raids and carried out important judicial and church reforms.

However, the sons of Yaroslav began internecine wars, because of which the Old Russian state broke up into several independent principalities. In the XIII century, scattered Slavic lands became easy prey for the Mongol-Tatar hordes. Taking advantage of the weakening of Russia, it was attacked by the Swedish and German crusaders. The Novgorod prince Alexander Nevsky, having united the Russian troops, expelled the enemy, which prevented the forced assimilation of the Slavs.

The independence of Russia from the Golden Horde was restored to Prince Ivan the Great in the 15th century.

The first tsar in 1547 was Ivan IV the Terrible, who significantly expanded the territory of the state and carried out important reforms that contributed to the centralization of Russia.

In 1613, the reign of the Romanov dynasty began, Siberia and the Far East were annexed. In 1654, Ukraine became part of Russia.

Thanks to the reforms of Peter I, who ruled from 1689 to 1725, Russia turned into a powerful empire. The king transformed the army and navy, developed education, industry and shipbuilding. Peter I conquered the shores of the Baltic Sea from the Swedes, where he founded the new capital of the state - St. Petersburg (instead of Moscow, the former capital since 1389).

After the death of Peter I, the time of palace coups began in the country. Under Empress Elizaveta Petrovna (1741 - 1761), power stabilized, Moscow University was founded, the death penalty was abolished, Russia waged a successful war with Prussia.

After Elizabeth, Catherine II came to the throne, nicknamed the Great for transformations in state structure and strengthening the country.

At the beginning of the 19th century, relations between Russia and France worsened, which led to Patriotic war 1812. In 1814, Russian troops defeated Napoleon's half-million army and entered Paris.

The 19th century was marked by the industrial revolution, the abolition of serfdom, monetary and liberal reforms.

In 1894, the last one ascended the throne. Russian emperor Nicholas II, whose reign was accompanied by both the rapid economic development of the country and the growth of socio-political contradictions. In 1914 the country enters the First world war, which led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the collapse Russian Empire.

In October 1917, the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin seized power in the country. The communists managed to win over a huge part of the population thanks to the promise to end the war and socialize private property. In its quest to improve the lives of the common people, the Soviet government often resorted to repression.

In 1922, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the republics of Transcaucasia formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

In the 1920s and 1930s, the industrialization of the country accelerated, and its industrial and technical potential increased significantly.

On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the USSR, the purpose of which was to occupy the country, exterminate and enslave the population. At the cost of incredible sacrifices, the Soviet people in 1945 defeated the fascist army and liberated Europe from Nazism.

At the end of the 1940s, the period of the Cold War with the West began. In the process of confrontation with the major world powers, powerful military-industrial and scientific-technical complexes were created in the USSR. In 1957, the country was the first in the world to launch into space artificial satellite Earth, and on April 12, 1961, for the first time in the history of mankind, a spacecraft with a man on board, Yuri Gagarin, was launched into low Earth orbit.

The growth of stagnation in the economic and political life of the country in the 70-80s of the XX century led the USSR to the need for modernization. However, the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev failed to cope with the crisis and led to the collapse of the country in 1991. Russia became the successor of the Soviet Union.

The 90s was a period of radical reforms in the economy, which led to the capitalization of the country and a significant stratification of society, the flourishing of criminal structures.

In 2000, Vladimir Putin became president of Russia, under whose leadership important socio-economic reforms were carried out that contributed to the stabilization of the situation in the country.

2014 was marked by a new round of the Cold War with the US and Europe due to the political crisis in Ukraine. In March, Crimea, which did not recognize the results of the coup d'état, held a referendum on returning to Russia. The United States and the EU reacted to the annexation of Crimea by imposing economic sanctions against Russia.

culture

Foreign travelers who come to Russia seek to unravel the phenomenon of the "mysterious Russian soul" and the nature of the people who created one of the richest and most beautiful world cultures. The national mentality was formed on the basis of historical conditions, geography, climate, religion and the vast expanse of the country. One of the most outstanding areas of Russian culture is painting. An invaluable contribution to the cultural development of Russia was made by the artists Vrubel, Levitan, Aivazovsky, Bryullov, Serov. The richest collection of the country's pictorial heritage is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow) and in the Hermitage (St. Petersburg).

Artistic craft products are known far beyond the borders of Russia:

• Gzhel - white and blue ceramics;
• Zhostovo and Tagil painted metal trays;
• Dymkovo toy - original colorful clay funny crafts;
• Khokhloma - wooden utensils with black-red-gold painting;
• Kasli casting;
• Palekh miniature;
• Matryoshka is a detachable wooden painted toy consisting of several dolls of different sizes.

Russian literature not only reflected the spiritual and aesthetic worldview of the people, but also became the philosophy of the state. The most famous writers of Russia: Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Nabokov, Turgenev. "The sun of Russian poetry" is called Alexander Pushkin, and Russians also honor such poets as Lermontov, Nekrasov, Fet, Yesenin, Blok.

The Russian musical heritage consists of the works of world famous composers: Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Glinka, Shostakovich, Prokofiev.

Russian ballet, which has become the hallmark of the country, is recognized as the basis of ballet art.

Such grandees of theatrical art as the Mariinsky Theatre, the Bolshoi and Maly Theatres, the Theater of the Russian Army, the Chekhov Moscow Art Theater and others are touring all over the world.

Holidays in Russia

Everyone can choose the most suitable vacation option in Russia for themselves.

• Excursion tourism offers many routes and will satisfy the desire to know Russia, its history, life, culture and nature.
• Beach holidays await tourists on the Black Sea coasts (from Anapa to Tuapse and Sochi), in the Primorsky Territory, in the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory.
• Health tourism is developed in almost all regions of the country. The resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk) have unique healing springs that restore health. The Altai resort of Belokurikha is famous for its healing microclimate, clean ecology and excellent sanatorium facilities. The balneological resorts of Anapa, Arshan (Buryatia), Darasun (Chita region), Kuldur (Khabarovsk Territory), Nachika (Kamchatka), Shmakovka (Primorsky Territory) will help improve your health. Excellent mud and climatic resorts await vacationers in Yeysk ( Krasnodar region), in the Vladivostok resort area, in Gelendzhik, in Kaliningrad, in Paratunka (Kamchatka), in Sochi.
• Active and extreme recreation in Russia is popular due to the unique natural diversity. Winter sports enthusiasts are waiting for the winter resorts of Sochi, Elbrus, the Urals, Altai, Sheregesh ( Kemerovo region). Water tourism is developed in Altai, the Urals, the Valdai Upland, the Kola Peninsula, and Karelia. Fans of mountaineering are expected in any region of the country where there is mountain systems- in the Caucasus, Altai, the Urals, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Amur Region.
• Pilgrimage tourism gives believers the opportunity to touch the Orthodox shrines of Russia, visit places associated with significant historical events: Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Optina Hermitage, Valaam, Diveevo and other equally important monasteries. Many believers are convinced that a prayer brought to God in a certain place will be the most effective.
• Automobile tourism will give the traveler an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with the Russian province, with its natural diversity, and visit any places they like.

Kitchen

Russian cuisine is not characterized by sophistication and intricacy, National dishes easy to make, nutritious and delicious. The most famous representatives of Russian gastronomy are borscht, fish soup, pancakes, pies with various fillings, dumplings.

Soup is an obligatory dish of a Russian dinner. In Russia, soups are prepared on the basis of meat, fish or mushroom broths, followed by the addition of vegetables, seasonings and herbs. In the heat, Russians are happy to eat okroshka - a mixture of finely chopped vegetables, boiled eggs, meat and herbs, seasoned with kvass.

In Russia, they traditionally eat a lot of meat, which is associated with a cool climate. Russians also pay tribute to fish, catching which is one of the most popular hobbies among men.

In regions rich in forests, in summer and autumn, many residents go to pick mushrooms. Porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, honey mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus, milk mushrooms are very tasty. Mushrooms are fried, stewed in sour cream, pickled, salted and dried for the winter.

Russian cuisine is rich in vegetable dishes. Cabbage, beets, potatoes, turnips, carrots, pumpkins and zucchini are boiled, stewed, added to soups and second courses.

Sour-milk products are traditionally loved in Russia - sour cream, kefir, fermented baked milk, varenets, cottage cheese.

Various cereals are popular in the country, serving both as an independent dish and as a side dish for meat or vegetables.

Some dishes of Russian cuisine - Easter cake, pancakes, funeral kutya - have a religious and ritual meaning and are prepared during certain holidays or rituals.

shopping

Shopping in Russia is quite expensive due to the high cost of delivery of goods and rental of premises, as well as high duties. But in shopping malls of any major Russian city you can easily find stores of popular international brands. The price of the same product can vary significantly depending on the region. The country does not have a fixed sales time, as in most Western countries. The biggest discounts are offered to customers in January and from mid to late summer. But Russian sales are not distinguished by a significant reduction in the price of goods, usually sellers drop only 20-30% of the original cost.

Shops are usually open daily, from morning until late evening. Many grocery stores are open around the clock. A restriction has been introduced on the sale of alcoholic beverages in Russia - they cannot be purchased at night.

There are several outlets in the Moscow region: Vnukovo Outlet Village near Vnukovo Airport, Outlet Village Belaya Dacha at the 14th kilometer of the Moscow Ring Road, Fashion House near the village of Chernaya Gryaz.

But Russia is famous not for traditional shopping, but for original souvenirs and goods from different regions of the country. Tourists bring birch bark products from Novgorod; Karelia is famous for cloudberry jam; no one leaves Kaliningrad without amber handicrafts and jewelry. In St. Petersburg, they buy magnets and decorative plates with views of the Northern capital, Faberge egg fakes, vodka. central region known for handicrafts, here tourists are offered Zhostovo trays, Palekh caskets, Gzhel products, nesting dolls, samovars. In Myshkin Yaroslavl region you will be offered cute mice, which are the symbol of the town. In the Kuban, tourists buy Cossack paraphernalia, in the Crimea - Massandra wines. Nizhny Novgorod, the birthplace of Khokhloma painting, offers a variety of colorful wooden items - from a simple magnet to a dinner set. Tatarstan is generous with all kinds of sweets: chak-chak, baklava, baursak. The famous Orenburg shawls are knitted from fluff highest quality. Magnificent honey is brought from Bashkiria and Altai, collected by bees in the cleanest places on the planet. Ural offers to those who wish a whole scattering of precious and semi-precious stones and products made from them. Siberia is generous with natural resources - pine nuts, fish, antlers (deer antlers with healing properties).

Accommodation

Hotels in Russia are represented by both inexpensive hostels and modern hotels of various categories. Almost any hotel can be booked through our website. Popular in Russia is renting from owners who are distinguished by Russian hospitality and welcome guests on a grand scale.

In Russia, all types of transport are well developed - air, rail, bus, and in some regions, water. Public transport - buses, trolleybuses, trams, trains, taxis. Metro is in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan.

Travelers in Russia need to remember that the plane tickets indicate the local time, and in travel documents for the train - Moscow.

Car rental in Russia is not as popular as in many other countries. However, in any major city there are companies that provide car rental services. The cost of renting a car depends on the city - the car will cost the most in Moscow and St. Petersburg, in the provinces prices are much lower.

Wi-fi is available in many cafes, cinemas, hotels, airports, train stations. There are Internet cafes in all major cities.

The telephone code of Russia is +7.

In some remote and mountainous areas there is no mobile connection. As a rule, at the entrance to such places, posts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are established, where each entrant, his place of stay and the date of the intended departure are registered in a special journal. Such measures are necessary in case of emergencies.

Useful information

Before entering Russia, it is advisable to familiarize yourself in advance with the customs regulations governing the import and export of certain goods.

When traveling by car, when leaving the Russian Federation, it is allowed to take out no more than 20 liters of fuel, not counting the fuel in the tank.

In Russia, there is a ban on the carriage of any liquids in the cabin. Medicines required by the passenger during the flight are allowed on board the aircraft upon presentation of a relevant medical certificate.

Citizens of foreign states, except for the CIS countries or who have signed an agreement on a visa-free regime, require a visa to visit the Russian Federation. Familiarize yourself with the procedure for issuing visas and the list required documents can be in the consulates of Russia abroad.

The national currency of the Russian Federation is the ruble. The currency code of the ruble is RUB. On the territory of Russia, you can only pay in rubles. In the banks of the country, the ruble can be exchanged for almost any currency in the world.

In theory bank cards hosts most major shopping malls, hotels and restaurants. But before making a purchase, it is advisable to make sure that this service really works. Guests of Russia always need to have a certain amount of cash with them.

Tipping in Russia is not included in the bill. Remuneration for services is not considered mandatory, but welcome.

Voltage electrical network- 220V.

The safety of those traveling by car in Russia is often threatened by bad roads, so if you are planning a car trip, it would be useful to ask in advance about the condition of the road surface in a particular area.

Guests of Russia should take the usual precautions necessary when staying in a foreign country: keep an eye on your belongings, do not show valuables and large sums of money, do not trust strangers, and avoid appearing at night in sparsely populated places.

In case of a sudden illness, it is necessary to take care of purchasing medical insurance in advance.

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If you are a resident of Russia, you should know that our country has a very large territory. In my short life, I managed to visit many different places in our vast country, and often it took me a decent amount of time to cover the distance from point “A” to point “B”. Have you ever thought about the question, what is the area of ​​the territory of Russia? If not, I suggest reading my reasoning on this matter.

What is the area of ​​the territory of Russia

Our country Russia, or more officially, the Russian Federation, is located on more than seventeen million square kilometers. This indicator is fully painted and regulated by the constitution of the Russian Federation. It is also worth noting the fact that this figure is the largest in the world, which makes the area of ​​our country leader in this category. Personally, for me, as a patriotic resident of Russia, this causes great pride. It is worth mentioning that a large number of citizens live in such a large state, to be more precise, over 146 million people. This is the ninth indicator in the world in terms of population, and it itself mainly adheres to the state language - Russian. FROM geographic point vision we live partly in North Asia, and also Eastern Europe. The entire space of our country is divided into 85 subjects, of which:

• 46 regions.

• 22 republics.

• 9 edges.

• 3 federal cities.

• 4 autonomous regions.

• 1 autonomous region.

Total settlements is about 157 thousand. The capital is the city Moscow. Also, I just have to mention this interesting fact, which borders Russia with as many as eighteen different countries!

Where in Russia have I been

I want to start with the city in which I live at the moment - from Moscow. It is really very difficult to ignore this wonderful city, which is business center of our country. Here is a huge share business and political activity There is also something to see in the city itself. Petersburg pleasantly surprised me with its beauty and architecture, which is thoroughly saturated with history, which is felt in almost every street of this city. I managed to fully enjoy the beautiful nature of Russia while relaxing on Lake Baikal. On Kamchatka I enjoyed the views of volcanoes, which remained in my memory for the rest of my life.

Russians can rightfully claim that they live in the largest country in the world. The area of ​​Russia at the beginning of 2014 was about 17,125 thousand square kilometers, which is twice that of Canada, which ranks second. And such a large territory of our state was formed gradually, over many centuries. It all started with a chain of small settlements that arose along the trade route from Scandinavia to Constantinople (“from the Varangians to the Greeks”) with the main cities - Novgorod and Kyiv. The area of ​​Russian cities at that time was extremely small.

The political and economic relations of Russia were then mainly directed to Europe, but the state had to expand to the northeast, since relatively small Finno-Ugric peoples lived there, which, mixing with the arriving Slavic tribes, began to form the basis of the Russian ethnos. In the west, there were European states, where it was quite large.

Nascent Russia was larger than modern Saudi Arabia

In the 10-12th centuries, the Slavs began to actively develop the territories between the Oka and Volga rivers, where the Krivichi began to move from Novgorod, and the Vyatichi from the south-west. A new trade route was formed along the Volga, which flows into the Caspian Sea, and new trade routes appeared in the northeast. shopping centers(Ryazan, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, etc.).

By the end of the 12th century, the area of ​​​​Russia (Rus) was 2.5 million square meters. kilometers. However, the next few centuries were unfavorable for territorial acquisitions, since in the 13th-15th centuries Russia underwent a disintegration into small principalities and was conquered by the Mongol-Tatar troops, the Polish-Lithuanian armies. The development of territories at that time proceeded only in a northern direction (people fled there, founding a sub-ethnos of Pomors on the shores of the Barents and White Seas). At that time, the area of ​​​​Russia is only 2 million square meters. kilometers, which, however, is larger than the territory of modern Mexico or Saudi Arabia (about 1.9 million square kilometers each country).

The area of ​​Russia is tripled

In the 14th century, the Principality of Moscow began to play a special role in the Russian expanses, which received from the Golden Horde the right to collect tribute from other lands. This state formation gradually strengthened and in 1380 won the first victory over the Mongols-Tatars. Further, Veliky Ustyug, Tula, Rzhev, Nizhny Novgorod were attached to the existing territories, and the victory in 1480 freed the Russian lands from Horde dependence and made it possible to expand to the east.

Ivan the Terrible, who came to power, annexed the Astrakhan and Kazan khanates to the Moscow principality, while attempts to expand to the west in the 14-17th centuries were unsuccessful. At the end of the 16th century begins mainly peaceful development Siberia, the Urals, Russian settlers come to the shores of building cities everywhere and organizing the fur trade. By the end of the 17th century, the area of ​​​​Russia is 7 million square meters. km.

Formation of the Russian Empire

In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the formation of the Russian Empire began, when it left the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth and became part of what was then Russia. In the same period, Peter the Great "cut a window to Europe", took possession of the territories of modern Estonia and Latvia. Further, during the division of the Commonwealth, Belarus, Lithuania and Right-Bank Ukraine passed to the Russian Empire. In the east, it is possible to win back the coasts of the Azov and Black Seas from the Ottomans, and in the west, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to annex Finland. In addition, Bessarabia was annexed during this period. total area by the end of the above period was 16 million square meters. kilometers.

The area of ​​the Russian Empire reached 24 million square meters. kilometers

Another approximately 8 million square meters. kilometers (up to 24 million sq. km), the area of ​​\u200b\u200bRussia increased by the beginning of the 20th century due to the entry of Georgia and Armenia (at the request of the rulers of these territories), a number of lands in the north Caucasian peoples, voluntary annexation of almost all Kazakh territories, Kyrgyz lands. The Khiva and Bukhansk kingdoms were entered into as a result of wars, and Alaska (which was subsequently sold to America, in 1867), Primorye and the Amur region - in the order of peaceful annexation.

Tough twentieth century

A series of wars and a revolution in the twentieth century constantly changed the political map of Russia, on which certain territories either appeared or disappeared. For example, Finland, which signed independence from the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, transferred part of the territories (the city of Vyborg and its environs) back as a result of the Second World War, etc. The Soviet Union, formed on former territories Russian Empire in the post-war period, had common territory in 22.4 million km and did not carry out any major actions to change the territory, except for the internal transfer of Crimea from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954.

and the return of Crimea to Russia

About 17 million 125 thousand square kilometers - this is what the area of ​​​​Russia turned out after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the separation of 15 republics. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the predominantly southern territories with more favorable climate, while the territory of modern Russia includes vast lands with permafrost where there are quite severe natural conditions for human habitation. Therefore, the population of the Russian Federation, whose average density is just over 8 people per sq. km., distributed unevenly - most of it is concentrated in the European part of the country, where a maximum density of 4.6 thousand people per square meter was revealed. km. - in Moscow, while in Chukotka it does not exceed 0.07 people for the same area.

In March 2014, as a result of the will, this territory with a wonderful climate returned to our country, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bRussia with Crimea began to amount to 17,151 thousand square meters. kilometers, including the area of ​​the Crimean Federal District - about 26.9 thousand square meters. km.

Most of the population of Russia lives in cities

Once upon a time, a large area of ​​Russia was covered with forests, and during the period of Soviet power, the predatory plunder of this natural resource was not particularly allowed, therefore, after the collapse of the USSR, about 46% Russian territory possessed enviable forest areas. Today this figure is much less. However, the area of ​​Russia (with Crimea) is a land still rich in various minerals, with beautiful flora, fauna, water resources and places of rare beauty. In the post-Soviet period, due to the collapse of collective farms and lack of work, the rural population moved to the cities, where today up to 77% of the total number of Russians live. The total area of ​​Russian cities has not been established to date. It is only known that megacities with an area of ​​100 sq. km and more in the Russian Federation as of the spring of 2014, there are more than 120 units, including Moscow with an area of ​​2550 sq. km, Volgograd - about 860 sq. km, St. Petersburg - about 1440 sq. km. and etc.

Russia(from the Greek Ρωσία - Russia; officially - Russia or the Russian Federation) - a state located in Eurasia (eastern Europe and northern Asia). The largest state in the world (17,075,400 km² or 11.46% (1/9) of the total land area of ​​the Earth, or 12.65% (1/8) of the land inhabited by humans).

Official names"Russian Federation", abbreviated RF, "Russia" are equivalent in the constitution. Russian Federation, Russia (English); Russische Föderation, Russland (German); Federation de Russie, Russie (French)

State in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia also owns a number of archipelagos in the Pacific and Arctic Oceans.

Russia borders on land:

• in the northwest with Norway, Finland;
• in the west with Poland and Lithuania (Kaliningrad region), Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine;
• in the Caucasus with Georgia (part of the border - with Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and Azerbaijan;
• The European part of Russia and Siberia border on Kazakhstan; Eastern Siberia also with China and Mongolia;
• in the Far East, Russia has land borders with China and North Korea, maritime borders with Japan and the United States (in the extreme northeast of Asia).

short information

1. Capital- Moscow (55º44´45" N, 37º37´47" E - Moscow Kremlin coordinates)
2. Square: 17 million 098.2 km²
3. Population: 142 million 834 thousand people (assessment as of 21.08.2011), 73.1% - city dwellers.
4. Major peoples: Russians 79.8%, Tatars 3.8%, Ukrainians 2%, Bashkirs 1.15%, Chuvashs 1.13%, Chechens 0.9%, Armenians 0.8%, Mordovians 0.58%, Avars 0, 56%, Belarusians 0.56%; In 2002, there were 82 peoples, whose number on the territory of Russia was more than 10 thousand people.
5. Official language: Russian; the republics that are part of the Russian Federation have the right to establish their state languages along with Russian
6. Political system- a democratic federal law-based state with republican form board
7. head of state- President elected by popular vote (since May 7, 2012 - Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin)
8. Head of the government- Chairman of the Government, appointed by the President with the consent of the State Duma (since May 8, 2008 - Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev)
9. Parliament– The Federal Assembly, consisting of two chambers: the Federation Council (178 representatives of the subjects of the Federation) and the State Duma (450 deputies)
10. International dialing code7
11. Time difference from Greenwich, in hours: Kaliningrad +3, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan and Samara +4, Ufa and Yekaterinburg +6, Omsk, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo +7, Krasnoyarsk +8, Irkutsk +9, Chita and Blagoveshchensk +10, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk and Sakhalin +11, Magadan, Anadyr and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky +12.
12. Currency unit: Russian ruble (designated RUB according to the ISO standard, often abbreviated within the country as rub. or r.) There are 100 kopecks in 1 ruble.
13. Barcode prefix for products produced in Russia: from 460 to 469
14. Domain zone on the Internet.ru
15. Place in the ranking of instability: 82 (out of 177 in 2011; in 2010 71st out of 177; in 2009 71st out of 177; in 2008 72nd out of 177; in 2007 63rd out of 177; 43rd out of 146 in 2006)/ Relatively unstable state
16. 15 most important partner countries in foreign trade(in parentheses is the share of the total foreign trade turnover in 2007) - Germany (9.6%), the Netherlands (8.4%), China (7.3%), Italy (6.5%), Ukraine (5.4%), Belarus (4.7%) , Turkey (4.1%), Japan (3.6%), Poland (3.2%), USA (3.2%), UK (3%), Kazakhstan (3%), France (3%), Switzerland (2.9%) , Finland (2.9%); the total volume of foreign trade turnover in 2007 amounted to $552.18 billion.

Story

Prestate period

The earliest history of our country goes back to the time of the existence of the ancient Slavs. It is still not known exactly where our ancestors came from, but over time they occupied vast areas in the eastern part of Europe along the Dnieper, Desna, and Oka. Being a settled tribe, the Slavs cultivated agriculture, cattle breeding, and various crafts, but at the same time, according to Byzantine sources, they are also known as excellent warriors.

The period of existence of the ancient Russian state (IX-XII centuries)

At the end of the 9th century, the Eastern Slavs, with the participation of their neighbors, the Normans, create a state - Kievan Rus. According to the legend set forth in the main chronicle of the Tale of Bygone Years, the Novgorodians called on the Varangians to reign, and in response to this, Rurik came to the city along with the brothers Sineus and Truvor. True, the last two hardly existed, most likely, this is the mistake of the monk Nestor (the author of "PVL"), who took the Scandinavian words "house" and "team" for names.

Russian Empire (1721-1917)

Shortly after the proclamation of Russia as an empire, Peter I dies. The era of palace coups begins. There is a noticeable rollback. This is a period of dominance of foreigners, frankly weak rulers, political instability and a deep crisis. Only at the end of the era, the youngest daughter of Peter I, Elizabeth, is trying to restore what was lost.

At the end of the 18th century, the "Golden Age" of Catherine II (1762-1796) begins. At this time, there is an economic upsurge, the strengthening of the positions of the nobility, serfdom reaches its apogee. Great successes in foreign policy - two victories won in the Russian-Turkish wars, made it possible to secure access to the Black Sea and annex Crimea, the divisions of the Commonwealth noticeably pushed back the western border.

Russia met the new 19th century with liberal reforms and plans of Alexander I - a decree on free cultivators, the opening of universities, the creation of ministries, the project of political reforms by M. Speransky, which quickly came to naught, replaced by a conservative decision to create military settlements. Russia actively participates in anti-French coalitions, not entirely successful in helping its European partners defend themselves against Napoleon. And then she herself defeats him in the Patriotic War. After its completion, the Decembrists rightly pointed to the crisis, but failed to offer a worthy program to overcome it.

Modern Russia (since 1992)

The newest history of Russia began with the liberal reforms of the new authorities. The period of B. Yeltsin's presidency (1991-2000), associated with the transition to a market economy and the building of democracy, was accompanied by a serious economic downturn, confrontation between the executive and legislative powers, and spiritual degradation. The symbols of the 90s are the crimson jacket of the new Russian, the shooting of the White House, Chechen War, inflation, terrorist attacks, black tuesday. In 2000, V.V. Putin becomes president. Russia gradually emerged from a deep crisis, gaining good economic growth rates. The head of state strengthens the vertical of power and creates federal districts. Order is being established in the North Caucasus.

High hydrocarbon prices have made it possible to pursue a more active social policy - National projects are being adopted, social payments are being indexed. A maternity capital program is being introduced. Russia holds major international forums - the Winter Olympics, the Summer Universiade, and will host the World Cup.

Against this background, an escalation with the West begins, which turned into mutual sanctions and a large-scale information war.

National holidays

Holiday non-working days:

• January 1, January 2, January 3, January 4, January 5 New Year holidays
• January 7 Christmas
• February 23 Defender of the Fatherland Day
• March 8 International Women's Day
• May 1 Spring and Labor Day
• June 12 Day of Russia
• November 4 National Unity Day

Regions of Russia

There are several largest regions that have developed historically and differ in natural conditions: European part of Russia, Kaliningrad region, North Caucasus, Ural, Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East.

In everyday life, regions are also called the subjects of the Russian Federation, which (as of March 1, 2008) include 85 .

european part of Russia

european part of Russia- the most populated and most developed part of the country, located in Europe; The North Caucasus, located in Asia or on the border of Asia and Europe, is also considered separately from European Russia.

Square 3 million 447 thousand km², 20% of the area of ​​the entire country.

Population 78.8 million people (as of 1.1.2010), 55% of the population of Russia

European part for Russia- the historical core, where the most numerous peoples of the country have developed - Russians, Tatars, Chuvashs, Mordvins. The unified Russian state was formed in the XIV century and by the end of the reign of Peter I (1725) included the entire territory of present-day European Russia.

In the administrative sense, 43 constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the territory of the European part of the country belong to 4 federal districts: Central, North-Western, Southern, Volga:

Central Federal District (in full) ===

• Belgorod region
• Bryansk region
• Vladimir region
• Voronezh region
• Ivanovo region
• Kaluga region
• Kostroma region
• Kursk region
• Lipetsk region
• Moscow region
• Oryol Region
• Ryazan Oblast
• Smolensk region
• Tambov Region
• Tver region
• Tula region
• Yaroslavl region

Northwestern Federal District (except for the Kaliningrad Region)

• Arhangelsk region
• Vologodskaya Oblast
• Republic of Karelia
• Komi Republic
• Leningrad region
• Murmansk region
• Novgorod region
• Pskov region
• Nenets autonomous region(part of the Arkhangelsk region)

Southern Federal District (except for its Asian part) ===

• Astrakhan region
• Volgograd region
• Republic of Kalmykia
• Rostov region

Privolzhsky Federal District (west of the Urals)

• Kirov region
• Mari El Republic
• The Republic of Mordovia
• Nizhny Novgorod Region
• Penza region
• Samara Region
• Saratov region
• Republic of Tatarstan
• Udmurt republic
• Ulyanovsk region
• Chuvash Republic

Kaliningrad region

The Kaliningrad region is located in Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, in the valley of the Pregol River and in the lower reaches of the Neman. Separated from the territory of the rest of Russia; in fact, it is a special region, part of the Baltic.

By land, it borders on Lithuania in the north and east, and Poland in the south.

The region was formed from the third part of German East Prussia, which was ceded to the Soviet Union after World War II. The territory was completely occupied by Soviet troops by May 8, 1945, when the last grouping of Nazi troops on the Frische-Nerung Spit ceased resistance. On April 7, 1946, the Königsberg Region was formed, and on July 4 of the same year it was renamed Kaliningrad Region.

Square Kaliningrad region 15.1 thousand km²; 0.09% of the country's territory.

Population 937.9 thousand people (1.1.2010)75; 0.66% of the population of all Russia.

In the administrative sense, the Kaliningrad region belongs to the Northwestern Federal District.

North Caucasus

The North Caucasus is a part of Russia located in the mountains and foothills of the Caucasus. Geographically, it is located in Asia, south of the European part of Russia. In this region there are the most fertile lands, the most important resorts and the highest peaks of the country.

This most populous region of the Russian Federation is the cradle of the Caucasian peoples of 20 different ethnic groups. The total number of representatives of the North Caucasian peoples living in Russia, established during the 2002 population census, is about 6 million people.

Square 258.3 thousand km², 1.5% of the area of ​​the entire country.

Population 14.8 million people (1.1.2010), 10.5% of the population of Russia

The North Caucasus was partly part of the Russian state, starting from the 16th century; completely annexed in 1859 at the end of the Caucasian War.

The subjects of the federation located in the North Caucasus belong to the Asian part of the Southern Federal District (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea) and the North Caucasian Federal District. These are 7 republics and 2 territories:

Republic

• The Republic of Dagestan
• The Republic of Ingushetia
• Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic
• Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

The edges

• Krasnodar region
• Stavropol region

Ural is a region between the European part of Russia and Western Siberia. It is located in the Ural Mountains and their foothills. According to natural conditions, there are:

• Southern Urals(Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan), where the forest-steppe turns into broad-leaved and mixed forests.

• Middle Ural(Perm Territory and Sverdlovsk region), covered with mixed forests and taiga;

• Northern, Subpolar and Polar Urals(eastern part of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, northwest of the Tyumen region), where the taiga passes into the forest tundra and tundra.

Since the north of the region is sparsely populated, the name Ural usually means the most developed Middle and Southern Urals.

Their common square 781.1 thousand km², 4.5% of the area of ​​the entire country; population 17.7 million people (as of January 1, 2010), 12.5% ​​of the population of Russia.

In the administrative sense, 6 subjects of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Middle and Southern Urals belong to the Volga and Ural federal districts:

Privolzhsky Federal District (eastern part)

• Republic of Bashkortostan
• Orenburg region
• Perm region
• Kurgan region
• Sverdlovsk region
• Chelyabinsk region

Western Siberia

Western Siberia - part of Siberia between the Urals and the Yenisei valley. An exceptionally important region for the Russian economy. In Western Siberia there are the largest oil and gas provinces in the country, the most fertile lands in Siberia, and important centers of the metallurgical and chemical industries. Western Siberia was annexed to the Russian state and mastered by the Russians in the 16th-17th centuries.

Square Western Siberia 2 million 454.1 thousand km², 14% of the area of ​​the entire country.

Population 14.6 million people (as of 1.1.2010), i.e. 10.3% of the population of Russia.

From an administrative point of view, in Western Siberia there are subjects of the Russian Federation belonging to the Ural and Siberian federal districts:

Siberian Federal District (western part)

• Altai Republic
• Altai region
• Kemerovo region
• Novosibirsk region
• Omsk region
• Tomsk region
• Tyumen region
• including Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, which is part of the Tyumen Region
• including the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is part of the Tyumen Region

Eastern Siberia

Eastern Siberia is the eastern, mountainous part of Siberia between Western Siberia and the Russian Far East. Includes the basin of the Yenisei River, Transbaikalia, Yakutia, the Taimyr Peninsula and the archipelagos of the seas of the Arctic Ocean - Severnaya Zemlya and Novosibirsk Islands.

Eastern Siberia stretches from the borders of Mongolia and China in the south to the polar seas in the north. This vast country was annexed to the Russian state in the second half of the 17th century. Nowadays, it is still the least populated region of Russia.

Square Eastern Siberia 7 million 280.2 thousand km², 43% of the area of ​​the entire country.

Population 9.4 million people (as of 1.1.2010), i.e. 6.6% of the population of Russia.

In the administrative sense, it is entirely located on the territory of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts:

Siberian Federal District (eastern part)

• The Republic of Buryatia
• Zabaykalsky Krai
• Irkutsk region
• Krasnoyarsk region
• including the Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky municipal district, which is part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
• including the Evenki municipal district, which is part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
• The Republic of Khakassia
• Republic of Tyva (Tuva)
• Far Eastern Federal District (western part)
• The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The state territory is the share of the total earth's surface that is under the sovereignty of a certain country. It contains land, the bowels of the earth, internal and territorial waters (12 kilometers from the coast), as well as airspace (at the height of aviation flight). Another sign of the state territory is the generally accepted border with other countries. In this article, we will analyze in detail what the state territory of Russia is, and what features distinguish its population.

A bit of history

The history of the territory of Russia is supplemented annually. In different eras, the Russian Federation changed its own borders many times. They were supplemented by the addition of new land plots. Three periods of development of the territory of the Russian Federation can be noted.

The first period - XV-XVI centuries. At this stage, the base territory was formed. The Muscovite kingdom was created. At this time, the Yaroslavl principality, Tver, the Perm region and Nizhny Novgorod joined Moscow.

The second period - XVI-XVII centuries. At this stage, the state territory of Russia was supplemented by Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Ufa, Kyiv, Left-bank Ukraine and Penza.

Third period - XVIII-XIX centuries. At this stage, the Russian Federation has become an empire. Orenburg and Troitsk were built.

State Square

The total is about 12% of the globe. The Russian Federation, just like the former Soviet Union, is the state that has the largest territory in the world. Its most extreme points are the Baltic Spit, Ratmanov Island, Cape Dezhnev, Wings and Chelyuskin.

The total is 17.125 million square kilometers. Today it is 76% of the former Soviet Union. Surprisingly, there are more than ten time zones on the territory of the Russian Federation. This is due to the fact that, for example, from the extreme western point to the eastern one, the distance along the meridian is more than 4 thousand kilometers.

Parts of Russia are located on two continents. One third of the Russian Federation is in Europe, and the rest is in Asia. This causes a diverse climate in the territory of one country.

Administrative division of the territory of the Russian Federation

The main territories of Russia are characterized by the presence of 21 republics, 3 cities of federal significance and 46 regions. In addition, there are also 9 territories and 1 autonomous republic on the territory of the Russian Federation. By the way, in 2014 the Crimean Peninsula also joined the state. In this regard, two new subjects appeared in Russia - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol.

Borders of the Russian Federation on the map

The borders of Russia on the world map are lines and vertical surfaces passing along it. They define the boundaries of the state territory of the Russian Federation. According to the world map, Russia borders on 16 countries. Surprisingly, the length of the state border is more than 50 thousand kilometers.

Two years ago, the borders of Russia on the map expanded. Already in September 2014, an updated version of the map was released with the Crimean Peninsula, which became part of the Russian Federation two years ago.

National Russian population

More than 100 different national minorities live on the territory of the Russian Federation. Each of them has its own culture and values. By the way, the Russian Federation is considered Absolutely all peoples on the territory of Russia have the same rights, and some of them also have statehood.

The most numerous nation on the territory of the Russian Federation is the Russians. They make up over 80% of the total population. The Russian population lives in absolutely all corners of the country. They are representatives of the Eastern Slavs. This group also includes Belarusians and Ukrainians. They inhabit the western and southern parts of the country.

Finns, Ugric peoples and Turks

Another inhabitants of Russia are Finns. Most often they live in independent counties. The Finnish group includes Finns, Estonians and Karelians. They inhabit the northwestern parts of Russia. The Russian Federation is inhabited by Ugrian people. These include Khanty and Mansi.

Another large language group that lives on the territory of Russia is the Turks. These include Tatars, Bashkirs and Yakuts. Most often they live in the north of the state. The number of Tatars living in the country is more than 5 million, Bashkirs - 2 million, and Yakuts - 390 thousand.

As we found out earlier, on the territory of the Russian Federation lives a large number of a wide variety of national minorities. All languages ​​are equal. However, Russian is the state language. By the way, more than 150 different nationalities live on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Religious composition of the Russian Federation

Christianity is the most popular religion in the Russian Federation. The number of representatives is 74% of the total number of residents of Russia. This number includes Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox.

Another numerous religious confession on the territory of the Russian Federation is Islam. The number of residents with this religion is 7%.

The state territory of Russia, as we said earlier, is densely populated by a wide variety of religious denominations. Buddhism occupies the third place in terms of the number of representatives. Today, the number of citizens of this religion is 400 million. On September 26, 1997, a decree "On freedom of choice of religion" was adopted in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This bill allows you to choose your own denomination.

Regions of the Russian Federation

The state territory of Russia includes 89 regions. Each of them has its own representation. According to this year's statistics, the most densely populated region is Moscow and the region. The number of people living there is more than 15 million citizens. The second place in terms of population is occupied by the Krasnodar Territory. The number of residents is 5 million.

If speak about federal districts, then the most densely populated is Central. It has almost 40 million inhabitants. The second place is occupied by 29 million citizens.

Russian Federation

The total population of the Russian Federation today is 146 million inhabitants. It is worth emphasizing that this figure has increased by 0.18% since last year. The increase occurred in all districts, except for the Volga. The most noticeable increase in population occurred on the Crimean peninsula. There, the percentage of residents Last year increased by 1.25%.

Few people know, but it was not possible to recalculate the population for 2014. This is due to the accession of two new entities. As we said earlier, these are the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. Speaking of population growth, one cannot but mention the birth rate statistics. Its ratio was 13 newborns per 1,000 inhabitants.

In 2014, an interesting calculation was made. Rosstat calculated the current life expectancy. According to statistics, today it is an average of 73 years. It should also be noted that the population in the territory of the Russian Federation is distributed extremely unevenly. Most of the citizens live on the European continent. It is only 20% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

National politics

Our article and geography will help to understand. The territory of Russia is characterized by the presence of a large number of representatives of religious denominations and national minorities. Almost every one of them is interested in what rights citizens of other countries have on the territory of the Russian Federation. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in 1996, the state guarantees absolute equality regardless of nationality, religion or language. Also, every citizen has the right to speak his own language. On it, he can also receive training.

It is worth noting that propaganda of superiority on any national grounds is prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation. This confirms the Russian Federation. This decree provides for punishment for violation. These are either fines, which range from 100 to 300 thousand rubles, or a term of imprisonment of up to three years. In many countries it is 5 years. By the way, recently the Government of the Russian Federation has been considering the option of tightening measures, and it is possible that the bill will come into force soon.

Knowledge of the national language

As we said earlier, the territory of the Russian Federation is densely populated by a wide variety of national minorities. Rosstat conducted a population census six years ago. According to statistics, 94% of citizens were fluent in Russian. In 2002, their number was 99%.

The largest number of citizens of other nationalities who live on the territory of the Russian Federation and speak Russian are Chechens. Also in 2010, a large number of citizens were interviewed. Rosstat tried to find out what language they consider native. According to statistics, more than 5% of citizens of other nationalities consider Russian their language.

Summing up

As we said earlier, the Russian Federation is a multinational country. This is due to the fact that the state has enough large area. The Russian Federation borders on 16 countries. The Russian government is quite loyal and tolerant towards citizens of other nationalities. There are a large number of bills that make their life on the territory of the Russian Federation comfortable. Moreover, it is on the territory of Russia that there are not only 11 time zones, but also different climatic zones. If you want to change your state and move to the Russian Federation, then you can safely do it. Here everyone is taken care of, regardless of nationality and religious affiliation.