The most important historical events that everyone should know. The most important dates of world and Russian history

Dates of Russian history

This section presents important dates in the history of Russia.

Brief Chronology of the History of Russia.

6th century n. e., from 530 - the Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the people grew / Russ
860 - the first campaign of the Rus against Constantinople
862 - The year to which the "Tale of Bygone Years" relates the "calling of the Norman king" Rurik.
911 - Campaign Kyiv prince Oleg to Tsargrad and an agreement with Byzantium.
941 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - 946 - Submission to Kyiv of the Drevlyans
957 - Princess Olga's trip to Tsargrad
964-966 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yases and Kasogs
967-971 - The war of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
988-990 - The beginning of the baptism of Russia
1037 - Laying of the Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
1045-1050 — Construction of the Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod
1054-1073 - Presumably during this period, the "Truth of the Yaroslavichs" appears
1056-1057 - "Ostromir Gospel"
1073 - "Izbornik" of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
1097 - The first congress of princes in Lyubech
1100 - The second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
1116 - The appearance of the "Tale of Bygone Years" in the edition of Sylvestor
1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow
1158-1160 — Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
1169 - The capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
February 25, 1170 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1188 - Approximate date of the appearance of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
1202 - Foundation of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
1206 - Proclamation of Temujin the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him
1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsy on the river. Kalka
1224 - Capture of Yuryev (Tartu) by the Germans
1237 - Unification of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
1237-1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Russia
1238 March 4 - Battle on the river. City
1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neva
1240 December 6 (or November 19) - The capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
April 5, 1242 - "Battle on the Ice" on Lake Peipsi
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
1262 - Revolt against the Mongol-Tatars in Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Yaroslavl
1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver
1367 - Construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow
1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. vozhe
1380 September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo
1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow
1385 - Kreva union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland
1395 - The defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. Ragrom of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
1469-1472 — Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India
1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
1484-1508 — Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Palace of Facets
1507-1508, 1512-1522 - Wars of the Muscovite state with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
1510 - Annexation of Pskov to Moscow
1547 January 16 - The wedding of Ivan IV to the kingdom
1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the archery army
1550 October 3 - Decree on the use of the "chosen thousand" in the counties adjacent to Moscow
1551 - February-May - Stoglavy Cathedral of the Russian Church
1552 - The capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Accession of the Kazan Khanate
1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Russia
1558-1583 — Livonian War
1565-1572 — Oprichnina
1569 - Union of Lublin. The formation of the Commonwealth
1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Commonwealth in Zapolsky Pit
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
1590-1593 - The war of the Russian state with Sweden
May 1591 - The death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
1595 - The conclusion of the Tyavzinsky peace with Sweden
1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
1604 October - Intervention of False Dmitry I into the Russian state
1605 June - The overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the murder of False Dmitry I
1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
1609-1618 – Open Polish-Swedish intervention
1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the interventionists
1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
October 26, 1612 - The capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
1613 - February 7-21 - Election by the Zemsky Sobor to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
1648 - Uprising in Moscow - "Salt Riot"
1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
1649-1652 - Campaigns of Yerofei Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur
1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs
1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
1654 January 8-9 - Pereyaslav Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
1654-1667 - War between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
January 30, 1667 - Andrusovo truce
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S. Razin
1676-1681 - The war of Russia with Turkey and Crimea for the Right-Bank Ukraine
January 3, 1681 - Truce of Bakhchisaray
1682 - Abolition of parochialism
May 1682 - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
1686 - "Perpetual peace" with Poland
1687-1689 - Crimean campaigns of the book. V.V. Golitsyn
August 27, 1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
1689 September - The overthrow of Princess Sophia
1695-1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
1697-1698 - The "Great Embassy" of Peter I to Western Europe
1698 April-June - Streltsy revolt
December 20, 1699 - Decree on the introduction of a new chronology from January 1, 1700.
1700 July 13 - Constantinople truce with Turkey
1700-1721 - Russia's Northern War with Sweden
1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
1700 November 19 - the defeat of Russian troops near Narva
1703 - The first stock exchange in Russia (merchants' meeting) in St. Petersburg
1703 - Edition of the textbook "Arithmetic" by Magnitsky
1707-1708 - Uprising on the Don K. Bulavin
1709 June 27 - The defeat of the Swedish troops at Poltava
1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
1712 - Decree on the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
March 23, 1714 - Decree on uniform inheritance
July 27, 1714 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
1721 August 30 - Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
October 22, 1721 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
January 24, 1722 - Table of Ranks
1722-1723 - Persian campaign of Peter I
January 28, 1724 - Decree establishing Russian Academy Sciences
January 28, 1725 - Death of Peter I
1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
May 6, 1727 - death of Catherine I
1730 January 19 - Death of Peter II
1731 - Cancellation of the decree on single inheritance
January 21, 1732 - Treaty of Resht with Persia
1734 - "Treatise on Friendship and Commerce" between Russia and England
1735-1739 — Russian-Turkish war
1736 - Decree on the "eternal fixing" of artisans in manufactories
1740 from November 8 to 9 - Palace coup, the overthrow of the regent Biron. Announcement of the regent Anna Leopoldovna
1741-1743 - War between Russia and Sweden
November 25, 1741 - Palace coup, enthronement of Elizabeth Petrovna by the guards
1743 June 16 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
January 12, 1755 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
August 30, 1756 - Decree on the establishment of a Russian theater in St. Petersburg (troupe of F. Volkov)
1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of the Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
September 28, 1760 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
February 18, 1762 - Manifesto "On the Liberty of the Nobility"
July 6, 1762 - The assassination of Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
1766 - Accession to Russia of the Aleutian Islands
1769 - First external loan in Amsterdam
1770 June 24-26 - The defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Chesme Bay
1773-1775 - The first section of the Commonwealth
1773-1775 - Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
July 10, 1774 - Peace of Kuchuk-Kainarzhi with Turkey
1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Letters of grant to the nobility and cities
1787-1791 — Russian-Turkish war
1788-1790-Russian- swedish war December 29, 1791 - Treaty of Jassy with Turkey
1793 - The second partition of the Commonwealth
1794 - Polish uprising under the leadership of T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
1795 - Third Partition of Poland
1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796-1797. - War with Persia
1797 - April 5 - "Institution of the imperial family"
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov
1799 - Formation of the "United Russian-American Company"
January 18, 1801 - Manifesto on the annexation of Georgia to Russia
1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
1804-1813 — Russo-Iranian War
1805 November 20 - Battle of Austerlitz
1806-1812 - Russia's war with Turkey
June 25, 1807 - Treaty of Tilsit
1808-1809 - Russo-Swedish War
1810 January 1 - Establishment of the Council of State
1812 - Napoleon's "Great Army" invades Russia. Patriotic War
1812 August 26 - Battle of Borodino
January 1, 1813 - The beginning of the foreign campaign of the Russian army
1813 October 16-19 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig
1814 March 19 - Allied forces enter Paris
1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
December 14, 1825 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
1826-1828 — Russo-Iranian War
October 20, 1827 - Battle in Navarino Bay
1828 February 10 - Turkmenchay peace treaty with Iran
1828-1829 — Russian-Turkish war
1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
July 26, 1835 - University charter
October 30, 1837 - Opening of the St. Petersburg-Tsarskoye Selo railway
1839-1843 — Monetary reform Count E. f. Kancrina
1853 - Opening of the "Free Russian Printing House" by A.I. Herzen in London
1853 - Cocaid campaign of the gene. V.A. Perovsky
1853-1856 — Crimean War
1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
May 31, 1860 - Establishment of the State Bank
1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
June 18, 1863 - University charter
1864 November 20 - Judicial Reform Decree. "New judicial statutes"
1865 - Military judicial reform
January 1, 1874 - "Charter on military service"
Spring 1874 - The first mass "going to the people" of revolutionary populists
1875 April 25 - Petersburg Treaty of Russia with Japan (about South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
1876-1879 - The second "Land and Freedom"
1877-1878 — Russian-Turkish war
1879 August - The split of "Land and Freedom" into "Black Repartition" and "Narodnaya Volya"
1881 March 1 - The murder of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
1885 January 7-18 - Morozov strike
1892 - Russian-French secret military convention
1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
1896 May 18 - Khodynskaya tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
March 1-2, 1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP
1899 May-July - I Hague Peace Conference
1902 - Formation of the party of socialist revolutionaries (SRs)
1904-1905 — Russo-Japanese War
January 9, 1905 - "Bloody Sunday". Beginning of the first Russian revolution
1905 April - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the Union of the Russian People.
1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies
May 14-15, 1905 - Battle of Tsushima
1905 June 9-11 - Uprising in Lodz
1905 June 14-24 - Uprising on the battleship "Potemkin"
1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
October 7, 1905 - Beginning of the All-Russian political strike
1905 October 12-18 - Constituent Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
October 17, 1905 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
1905 November - The emergence of the "Union of October 17" (Octobrists)
1905 December 9-19 - Moscow armed uprising
1906 April 27-July 8 - First State Duma
1906 November 9 - The beginning of the agrarian reform P.A. Stolypin
1907 February 20-June 2 - II State Duma
1907 November 1 - July 9, 1912 - III State Duma
1908 - Formation of the reactionary "Union of Michael the Archangel"
November 15, 1912 - February 25, 1917 - IV State Duma
1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. The beginning of the first world war
1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilov breakthrough
December 17, 1916 - The assassination of Rasputin
February 26, 1917 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
February 27, 1917 - February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
March 3, 1917 - Abdication led. book. Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
1917 June 9-24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
1917 August 12-15 - State meeting in Moscow
1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
1917 September 14-22 - All-Russian Democratic Conference in Petrograd
1917 October 24-25 - Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
October 25, 1917 - Opening of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets
October 26, 1917 - Decrees of the Soviets on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
November 12, 1917 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
December 7, 1917 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution (VChK)
December 14, 1917 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
1917 December 18 - Independence of Finland
1918-1922 — Civil war on the territory of the former Russian Empire
January 6, 1918 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
January 26, 1918 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
1918 - March 3 - The conclusion of the Brest Peace
May 25, 1918 - Beginning of the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps
July 10, 1918 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
January 16, 1920 - The blockade of Soviet Russia by the Entente is lifted
1920 - Soviet-Polish war
1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
1921 March 8-16 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Decision on the "new economic policy"
1921 March 18 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
1922 April 16 - Rappal Separate Treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
December 27, 1922 - Formation of the USSR
December 30, 1922 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
January 31, 1924 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
1928 October - 1932 December - The first five-year plan. Beginning of industrialization in the USSR
1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
1933-1937 — Second five-year plan
December 1, 1934 - The murder of S.M. Kirov. Deployment of mass terror in the USSR
December 5, 1936 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
August 23, 1939 - Soviet-German non-aggression pact
1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
September 17, 1939 - The entry of Soviet troops into Poland
September 28, 1939 - Soviet-German treaty "on friendship and borders"
1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish war
June 28, 1940 - The entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
1940 June-July - Soviet occupation Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
April 13, 1941 - Soviet-Japanese Treaty of Neutrality
June 22, 1941 - Nazi Germany and its allies attack the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
May 8, 1945 - Act on unconditional surrender Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War
1945 September 2 - Japan's Unconditional Surrender Act
1945 November 20 - October 1, 1946 - Nuremberg Trials
1946-1950 — Fourth Five-Year Plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
1948 August - Session of VASKhNIL. Launch of the campaign against "Morganism" and "Cosmopolitanism"
1949 January 5-8 - Creation of the CMEA
1949 August 29 - The first test of the atomic bomb in the USSR
June 27, 1954 - Start-up of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO)
1955 July 18-23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, the USA and France in Geneva
February 14-25, 1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU
June 30, 1956 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences"
1957 July 28-August 11 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow
October 4, 1957 - Launch of the world's first artificial satellite Earth
April 12, 1961 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on spaceship"East"
March 18, 1965 - Pilot-cosmonaut A.A. Leonova in open space
1965 - Reform of the economic mechanism of economic management in the USSR
June 6, 1966 - Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the public appeal of young people to the most important construction projects of the five-year plan"
1968 August 21 - Intervention of the countries of the Warsaw Treaty Organization in Czechoslovakia
1968 - Open letter of Academician A.D. Sakharov to the Soviet leadership
1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
May 26, 1972 - Signing in Moscow of the "Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA". The beginning of the policy of "détente"
February 1974 - Expulsion from the USSR A.I. Solzhenitsyn
1975 July 15-21 - Joint Soviet-American experiment under the Soyuz-Apollo program
1975 July 30-August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada
October 7, 1977 - Adoption of the Constitution of "developed socialism" of the USSR
December 24, 1979 - The beginning of the intervention of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
January 1980 - Link A.D. Sakharov to Gorky
1980 July 19-August 3 - Olympic Games in Moscow
May 24, 1982 - Adoption of the Food Program
November 19-21, 1985 - Meeting of M.S. Gorbachev and US President R. Reagan in Geneva. Restoration of the Soviet-American political dialogue
April 26, 1986 - Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
1987 June-July - The beginning of the policy of "perestroika" in the USSR
1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX Conference of the CPSU. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
1989 May 25-June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of amendments to the Constitution of the USSR
1990 March 11 - Adoption of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
1990 March 12-15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
1990 May 16-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
1991 March 17 - Referendum on the preservation of the USSR and the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR
June 12, 1991 - Presidential elections in Russia
1991 July 1 - Dissolution in Prague of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (OVD)
1991 August 19-21 - An attempted coup d'état in the USSR (Case of the GKChP)
September 1991 - The entry of troops into Vilnius. Coup attempt in Lithuania
1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR
January 2, 1992 - Price liberalization in Russia
1992 February 1 - Declaration by Russia and the United States on the end of the Cold War
March 13, 1992 - Initialing of the Federal Treaty of the Republics within the Russian Federation
March 1993 - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
April 25, 1993 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policy of the President of Russia
1993 June - The work of the constitutional meeting on the preparation of the draft Constitution of Russia
September 21, 1993 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin "On a phased constitutional reform" and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
1993 October 3-4 - Demonstrations and armed actions of the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the building of the Supreme Council by troops loyal to the President
December 12, 1993 - Elections in State Duma and the Federation Council. Project referendum new constitution RF
January 11, 1994 — Beginning of the work of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow

In the 11th grade, it is not necessary to know by heart all the dates from the textbook. It is enough to master the mandatory minimum, which, believe me, will come in handy not only in the exam, but also in life.

So, your preparation for the OGE and USE in history must necessarily include the memorization of several of the most important dates in the history of Russia. Stay up to date with the most important events in Russian history - and to make it easier to master them, you can, for example, write the entire minimum on cards and divide them by age. Such a simple step will allow you to begin to navigate the history by periods, and when you write everything on pieces of paper, you will unconsciously remember everything. Your parents and grandparents used a similar method when there were no USE and GIA yet.

We can also advise you to say the most important dates in the history of Russia out loud and record it on a voice recorder. Listen to the resulting recordings several times a day, and best of all - in the morning, when the brain has just woken up and has not yet absorbed the usual daily dose of information.

But in no case do we recommend that you try to memorize everything at once. Have pity on yourself, no one has managed to master the entire school curriculum on the history of Russia in a day. The USE and GIA are designed to check how well you know the full course of the subject. So don’t even think of somehow deceiving the system or hoping for the students’ favorite “night before the exam”, as well as a variety of cheat sheets and “answers to the GIA and the Unified State Examination in the history of 2015”, which are so many on the Internet.

With leaflets, the last hope of negligent schoolchildren, it was always strict at state exams, and every year the situation becomes even more difficult. Exams in the 9th and 11th grades are held not only under the strict supervision of experienced teachers, but also under the supervision of video cameras, and you know, it is almost impossible to outwit technology.

So get enough sleep, do not be nervous, develop your memory and memorize the 35 most important dates in the history of Russia. Relying on yourself is the best thing that can help you in passing the exam and GIA.

862 Beginning of Rurik's reign
988 Baptism of Russia
1147 First mention of Moscow
1237–1480 Mongol-Tatar yoke
1240 Neva battle
1380 Battle of Kulikovo
1480 Standing on the river Ugra. Fall of the Mongol yoke
1547 Crowning of Ivan the Terrible to the kingdom
1589 Establishment of the patriarchate in Russia
1598-1613 Time of Troubles
1613 Election to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
1654 Pereyaslav Rada.
1670–1671 Rebellion of Stepan Razin
1682–1725 Reign of Peter I
1700–1721 Northern War
1703 Founding of St. Petersburg
1709 Poltava battle
1755 Founding of Moscow University
1762– 1796 Reign of Catherine II
1773- 1775 Peasant war led by E. Pugachev
1812– 1813 Patriotic War
1812 Battle of Borodino
1825 Decembrist uprising
1861 Abolition of serfdom
1905– 1907 First Russian Revolution
1914 Russia's entry into World War I
1917 February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy
1917 October Revolution
1918– 1920 Civil War
1922 Formation of the USSR
1941– 1945 Great Patriotic War
1957 Launch of the first artificial earth satellite
1961 Flight Yu.A. Gagarin in space
1986 Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
1991 Collapse of the USSR

Russia from antiquity to the end of the 16th century. (early 17th century)

9th century - Formation of the Old Russian state.
862 - "The calling of the Varangians" to Russia.
862–879 - The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912 - The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into a single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg's campaigns against Tsargrad. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945 - The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945 - The uprising of the Drevlyans.
945–962 - The reign of Princess Olga in the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957 - Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972 - The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972 - Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015 - The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988 - Adoption of Christianity in Russia.
1019–1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037 - Start of construction of the church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045 - Start of construction of the church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072 - The final design of the "Russian Pravda" ("The Truth of the Yaroslavichs").
1097 - Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125 - The great reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 - The reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136 - Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - The first mention of Moscow in the annals.
1157–1174 - The reign of Andrei Yurievich Bogolyubsky.
1165 - Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185 - The campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
1199 - Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1223, 31 May. - Battle on the Kalka River.
1237–1240 - Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Batu Khan to Russia.
1237 - Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1238, 4 March. — The Battle of the River City.
1240, 15 July. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich on the Neva River. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240 - The defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, 5 April. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the Crusaders by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky on Lake Peipus.
1243 - Formation of the state Golden Horde.
1252–1263 - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the grand princely Vladimir throne.
1264 - The collapse of the Galicia-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276 - Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340 - The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326 - Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church- Metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, the transformation of Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327 - The uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389 - The reign of Prince (from 1362 - Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 - Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430 - The life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 - Battle on the Vozha River.
1380, 8 September. - Battle of Kulikovo.
1382 - The defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425 - The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1410, 15 July. - Battle of Grunwald. Defeat of the Teutonic Order.
1425–1453 - Dynastic war between the sons and grandchildren of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 - Florentine church union on the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448 - Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Russia. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453 Fall Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505 - The reign of Ivan III.
1463 - Joining Yaroslavl to Moscow.
1469–1472 - Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India.
1471 - Battle of the Moscow and Novgorod troops on the Shelon River.
1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - "Standing on the Ugra River". Liquidation of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Faceted Chamber, brick walls.
1485 - Accession of Tver to Moscow.
1497 - Compilation of the "Sudebnik" of Ivan III. Establishment of uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the whole country, restriction of the right of a peasant to move from one feudal lord to another - a week before and a week after November 26 (St. George's Day in autumn).
Late 15th - early 16th century – Completion of the process of folding the Russian centralized state.
1503 - Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-possessors who preached the rejection of the church from all property) and hegumen Joseph Volotsky (the leader of the acquirers, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503 - Accession to Moscow of the South-Western Russian lands.
1505–1533 - The reign of Basil III.
1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow.
1514 - Accession of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521 - Accession of Ryazan to Moscow.
1533–1584 - The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547 - The wedding of Ivan IV the Terrible to the kingdom.
1549 - Beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 - Adoption of the Sudebnik of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551 - "Stoglavy Cathedral" of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552 – Annexation of Kazan to Moscow.
1555–1560 - Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Moscow.
1556 - Adoption of the Code of Service.
1558–1583 - Livonian war.
1561 - The defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 - Beginning of book printing in Russia. The publication by Ivan Fedorov of The Apostle, the first printed book with a fixed date.
1565–1572 - Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569 - Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Commonwealth.
1581 - The first mention of "reserved years".
1581 - Yermak's campaign in Siberia.
1582 - Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Commonwealth.
1583 - Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598 - The reign of Fedor Ioannovich.
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Russia. Patriarch Job.
1597 - Decree on "lesson years" (a five-year term for the investigation of fugitive peasants).
1598–1605 - Board of Boris Godunov.
1603 - The uprising of peasants and serfs led by Cotton.
1605–1606 - The reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607 - The uprising of the peasants led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610 - The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610 - An attempt by False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the "Tushino camp".
1609–1611 - Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613 - "Seven Boyars".
1611, March–June. - The first militia against the Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612 - The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1612, 26 October. - The liberation of Moscow from the Polish invaders by the Second Home Guard.
1613 - The Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom. Beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 - The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617 - The conclusion of Stolbovsky "eternal peace" with Sweden.
1618 - Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634 - Smolensk war between Russia and the Commonwealth.

Russia in the 17th–18th centuries

1645–1676 - The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648 - Semyon Dezhnev's expedition along the Kolyma River and Arctic Ocean.
1648 - The beginning of the uprising of Bogdan Khmelnitsky in Ukraine.
1648 - "Salt Riot" in Moscow.
1648–1650 - Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649 - Adoption by the Zemsky Sobor of a new code of laws - the "Council Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656 - Reform of Patriarch Nikon. Start church schism.
1654 January 8 - Pereyaslav Council. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1654–1667 - The war between Russia and the Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662 - "Copper Riot" in Moscow.
1667 - The conclusion of the Andrusovo truce between Russia and the Commonwealth.
1667 - Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671 - Peasant war led by Stepan Razin.
May 30, 1672 - Birth of Peter I.
1676–1682 - Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682 - Abolition of parochialism.
1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725 - The reign of Peter I (1682-1689 - under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 - together with Ivan V).
1686 - "Perpetual peace" with Poland.
1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
1695, 1696 - Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698 - Great Embassy.
1700–1721 - North War.
1703 May 16 - Foundation of St. Petersburg.
1707–1708 - Peasant uprising under the leadership of K. Bulavin.
1708, 28 September. - Battle of the village of Lesnoy.
1709 June 27. - Battle of Poltava.
1710–1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 - Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765 – Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov.
1714 - Decree on uniform inheritance (repealed in 1731).
1714, 27 July. - Battle of Cape Gangut.
1718–1721 - Establishment of boards.
1720 - Battle of Grengam Island.
1721 - Treaty of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721 - Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia has become an empire.
1722 - Adoption of the "Table of Ranks".
1722 - Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727 - The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730 - The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovshchina".
1741–1761 - The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.
1755 January 25 – Opening of the Moscow University.
1756–1763 - The Seven Years' War.
1757 - Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762 - The reign of Peter III.
1762 - "Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility."
1762–1796 - The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774 - Russo-Turkish war.
1770 - The victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Chesme and the Russian ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles near the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774 - The conclusion of the Kyuchuk Kaynarji peace following the results of the Russian-Turkish war. The Crimean Khanate passed under the protectorate of Russia. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of the Right-bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were ceded to Russia.
1772–1839 – Life and work of M. M. Speransky.
1773–1775 - Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 - Provincial reform in the Russian Empire.
1782 - Opening of the monument to Peter I "The Bronze Horseman" (E. Falcone).
1783 - The entry of Crimea into the Russian Empire. Georgievsky treatise. The transition of Eastern Georgia under the protectorate of Russia.
1785 - Publication of letters of commendation to the nobility and cities.
1787-1791 - Russian Turkish war.
1789 - Victory of the Russian troops under the command of A. V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790 - The victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790 - The publication of the book by A. N. Radishchev "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow."
1790 - The capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail on the Danube by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.
1791 - Conclusion of the Iasi peace following the results of the Russo-Turkish war. The accession to Russia of the Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester was confirmed.
1794 - Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801 - The reign of Paul I.
1797 - Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoration of the order of succession to the throne by birthright in the male line.
1797 - Publication by Paul I of a manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns of A. V. Suvorov.

Russia in the 19th century

1801–1825 - The reign of Alexander I.
1802 Establishment of ministries instead of colleges.
1803 - Decree on "free cultivators".
1803 - Adoption of the charter, which introduced the autonomy of universities.
1803–1804 - The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Kruzenshtern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813 - Russian-Iranian war. It ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807 – Participation of Russia in III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805 December. - The defeat of the Russian and Austrian troops in the battle of Austerlitz.
1806-1812 - Russo-Turkish war.
1807 - The defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807 - Conclusion of the Treaty of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia's accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia's consent to the creation of the vassal France of the Duchy of Warsaw).
1808–1809 - Russo-Swedish war. Accession of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810 - Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky.
1812, June–December. - Patriotic war with Napoleon.
1812 - The conclusion of the Bucharest peace following the results of the Russian-Turkish war.
1812, 26 August. - Battle of Borodino.
1813–1814 - Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig.
1813 - The conclusion of the Gulistan peace following the results of the Russian-Iranian war.
1814–1815 - Vienna Congress of European States. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after Napoleonic Wars. Accession to Russia of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland).
1815 - Creation of the "Holy Alliance".
1815 - Granting of the Constitution by Alexander I to the Kingdom of Poland.
1816 - The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev.
1816–1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation.
1817–1864 - Caucasian war.
1818–1821 - Activities of the Union of Welfare.
1820 - Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 - Formation of the Northern and Southern societies of the Decembrists.
1821–1881 - The life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky.
1825, December 14. - The uprising of the Decembrists on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg.
December 29, 1825 - January 3, 1826. - The uprising of the Chernigov regiment.
1825–1855 - The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828 - Russian-Iranian war.
1828 - The conclusion of the Turkmenchay peace following the results of the Russian-Iranian war. The death of A. S. Griboyedov.
1828–1829 - Russo-Turkish war.
1829 - The conclusion of the Adrianople peace following the results of the Russian-Turkish war.
1831–1839 - The activities of the circle of N. V. Stankevich.
1837 - Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo.
1837–1841 - Carrying out by P.D. Kiselev of the reform of the management of state peasants.
1840s–1850s — Disputes between Slavophiles and Westernizers.
1839–1843 - Monetary reform of E. F. Kankrin.
1840–1893 – Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849 - The activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851 - Opening of the railway Moscow - St. Petersburg.
1853–1856 - Crimean War.
1853 November - Battle of Sinop.
1855–1881 - The reign of Alexander II.
1856 - Paris Congress.
1856 - Founding by P. M. Tretyakov of the collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860 – Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861 February 19 - The abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1861–1864 - The activities of the organization "Earth and Freedom".
1862 - Formation of the "Mighty Handful" - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, Ts. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin).
1864 - Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885 - Accession of Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867 Sale of Alaska to the USA.
1869 - Discovery of the Periodic Law by D. I. Mendeleev chemical elements.
1870 - Reform of city government.
1870–1923 – Activities of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions.
1873 - Creation of the "Union of the Three Emperors".
1874 - Carrying out military reform - the introduction of a universal military service.
1874, 1876 - Implementation of populists "going to the people."
1876–1879 – Activities of the new organization “Land and Freedom”.
1877–1878 - Russo-Turkish war.
1878 - Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 - Congress of Berlin.
1879 - The split of the organization "Land and Freedom". The emergence of the organizations "Narodnaya Volya" and "Black Redistribution".
1879–1881 - The activities of the organization "Narodnaya Volya".
1879–1882 - Establishment of the Triple Alliance.
March 1, 1881 - Assassination of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya.
1881–1894 - Governing body Alexander III.
1882 - Cancellation of the temporarily obligated position of the peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903 - Activities of the Emancipation of Labor group.
1885 - A strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuev (Morozov strike).
1887 - Adoption of the circular "on cook's children".
1889 - Adoption of the "Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs".
1891–1893 - Registration of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905 - Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892 - Transfer by P. M. Tretyakov of his collection of Russian art as a gift to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917 - The reign of Nicholas II.
1895 - Invention by A. S. Popov of radio communication.
1895 - Creation of the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class".
1897 - The first general census of the population of Russia.
1897 - Monetary reform S. Yu. Witte.
1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP.
1899 - The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on the problems of disarmament, convened at the initiative of Russia.

Russia in the 20th century

1901–1902 - The creation of the party of socialist revolutionaries (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903 - II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903 - Creation of the "Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists".
1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War.
1904, August. - The battle near the city of Liaoyang.
1904, September. - Battle on the Shahe River.
January 9, 1905 - Bloody Sunday. Beginning of the first Russian revolution.
1905–1907 - The first Russian revolution.
February 1905 - The defeat of the Russian army near the city of Mukden.
May 1905 - The death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima.
1905, June. - Uprising on the battleship "Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky".
1905, August. – The conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian Japanese war. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and South Manchuria railway.
1905 October 17 – Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement public order».
1905 November - Creation of the "Union of the Russian people".
1905 December. - Armed uprising in Moscow and a number of other cities.
1906 April–July - Activities of the First State Duma.
November 9, 1906 - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907 February–June - Activities of the II State Duma.
June 3, 1907 - Dissolution of the II State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3 coup).
1907–1912 - Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August - Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formalization of the Entente alliance.
1912 - Lena execution.
1912–1917 - Activities of the IV State Duma.
1914, August 1 - 1918, November 9. – First World War.
1915, August. – Creation of the Progressive block.
May 1916 - Brusilovsky breakthrough.
February 1917 - February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia.
March 2, 1917 - Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
May 1917 - Formation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government.
1917, June. - Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, July. - Formation of the 2nd coalition Provisional Government.
1917, August. - Kornilov rebellion.
1917, September 1st. - Proclamation of Russia as a republic.
1917 October 24–26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. The overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). The adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. - Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
March 3, 1918 - The conclusion of the Brest peace between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The agreement was canceled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920 - Civil war in Russia.
1918 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921 March - The Soviet government's policy of "war communism".
1918, July - The execution of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.
1920–1921 – Anti-Bolshevik uprisings of peasants in Tambov and Voronezh regions("Antonovshchina"), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March - The conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus departed to Poland.
1921 February–March - The uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of "war communism".
March 1921 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Transition to NEP.
1922 - Genoa Conference.
December 30, 1922 - Formation of the USSR.
1924 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR.
1925, December - XIV Congress of the CPSU (b). Proclamation of a course for the industrialization of the country. Defeat of the "Trotskyist-Zinoviev Opposition".
1927, December - XV Congress of the CPSU (b). Proclamation of a course towards the collectivization of agriculture.
1928–1932 - The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1929 - Beginning of complete collectivization.
1930 - Completion of the construction of Turksib.
1933–1937 - The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934 - Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1934, December 1st. - The murder of S. M. Kirov. Start mass repression.
1936 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR ("victorious socialism").
1939, 23 August. - Signing a non-aggression pact with Germany.
1939, September 1 - 1945, September 2. - The Second World War.
1939, November - 1940, March. - Soviet-Finnish war.
1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9. - The Great Patriotic War.
1941 July–September - Battle of Smolensk.
1941, December 5-6 - The counteroffensive of the Red Army near Moscow.
November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943. - The counteroffensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, July - August. - Battle of Kursk.
1943, September - December. - The battle for the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 - December 1. - Tehran Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1944, January. - The final liquidation of the blockade of Leningrad.
1944 January–February - Korsun Shevchenko operation.
1944, June - August - Operation for the liberation of Belarus ("Bagration").
1944, July - August - Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
1944, August - Iasi Chisinau operation.
1945, January - February - Vistula-Oder operation.
1945, February 4-11 - Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April - May - Berlin operation.
April 25, 1945 - Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
May 8, 1945 - The surrender of Germany.
1945, July 17 - August 2 - Berlin (Potsdam) conference of the heads of government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August - September - The defeat of Japan. The signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. End of World War II.
1946 - Beginning of the Cold War.
1948 - Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949 - The beginning of the campaign against "cosmopolitanism".
1949 - Establishment of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949 - Creation of nuclear weapons in the USSR.
March 5, 1953 - Death of J.S. Stalin.
1953, August. - Report on the testing of a hydrogen bomb in the USSR.
1953, September - 1964, October. - The election of N. S. Khrushchev as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Removed from office in October 1964
1954 - The Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955 - Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (OVD).
February 1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev "On the cult of personality and its consequences."
1956 October–November - Uprising in Hungary; suppressed Soviet troops.
October 4, 1957 - The launch in the USSR of the world's first artificial Earth satellite.
April 12, 1961 - Yu. A. Gagarin's flight into space.
1961, October. - XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of a new Party Program - a program for building communism. 1962 - Caribbean crisis.
1962, June. – Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting demonstration of workers.
1963, August. - The signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England on the prohibition of nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965 - The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygin.
1968 - Entering the troops of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact in Czechoslovakia.
May 1972 – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979 - Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989 – “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan.
1980, July - August. - Olympic Games in Moscow.
March 1985 - Election of MS Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
April 26, 1986 - The Chernobyl accident.
1987 - The conclusion between the USSR and the USA of an agreement on the elimination of intermediate and shorter range missiles.
1988 - XIX Party Conference. Declaring a course for reform political system.
1989, May - June. - First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
March 1990 - Election at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR MS Gorbachev President of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of the 6th article.
June 12, 1990 - The Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted.
June 12, 1991 - Election of Boris N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR.
July 1991 – Signing of the treaty between the USSR and the USA on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms (START 1).
1991, August 19–21 - Attempted coup d'état (GKChP).
December 8, 1991 - Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR and the creation of the CIS.
December 25, 1991 - Addition of MS Gorbachev powers of the President of the USSR.
1992 - The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar.
1993, January. – Signing of the treaty between Russia and the United States on the reduction of strategic offensive arms (START 2).
1993 October 3–4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
December 12, 1993 - Elections to the Federal Assembly - the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994 - Accession of the Russian Federation to the NATO program "Partnership for Peace".
1994, December. - The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists.
1996 - Russia's accession to the Council of Europe.
July 1996 - Election of Boris N. Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
1997 - Creation of the state TV channel "Culture" on the initiative of D.S. Likhachev.
1998, August. – Financial crisis in Russia (default).
1999, September. - The beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
March 2000 - Election of VV Putin as President of the Russian Federation.
2000 - Award Nobel Prize in Physics Zh. I. Alferov for fundamental research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002 - Treaty between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for their work in the field of quantum physics, in particular for studies of superconductivity and superfluidity.
March 2004 - Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
2005 - Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006 - Launch of a program of national projects in agriculture, housing, health and education.
March 2008 - Election of D. A. Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation.
2008, August - The invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Conducting an operation by the Russian army to force Georgia to peace. Russia's recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
2008, November - Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).

For several centuries, Russia experienced ups and downs, but eventually became a kingdom with its capital in Moscow.

Brief periodization

The history of Russia began in 862, when the Viking Rurik arrived in Novgorod, proclaimed a prince in this city. Under his successor, the political center moved to Kyiv. With the advent of fragmentation in Russia, several cities at once began to argue with each other for the right to become the main one in the East Slavic lands.

This feudal period was interrupted by the invasion Mongolian hordes and established yoke. In extremely difficult conditions of devastation and constant wars, Moscow became the main Russian city, which finally united Russia and made it independent. In the XV-XVI centuries this name became a thing of the past. It was replaced by the word "Russia", adopted in the Byzantine manner.

In modern historiography, there are several points of view on the question of when feudal Russia went into the past. Most often, researchers believe that this happened in 1547, when Prince Ivan Vasilyevich took the title of king.

The emergence of Russia

The ancient united Russia, whose history began in the 9th century, appeared after Novgorod captured Kyiv in 882 and made this city its capital. In this era East Slavic tribes were divided into several tribal unions (Polyany, Dregovichi, Krivichi, etc.). Some of them were at enmity with each other. The inhabitants of the steppes also paid tribute to the Khazars, hostile foreigners.

Unification of Russia

Northeast or great Russia became the center of the struggle against the Mongols. This confrontation was led by the princes of small Moscow. At first they were able to obtain the right to collect taxes from all Russian lands. Thus, part of the money settled in the Moscow treasury. When enough strength had gathered, Dmitry Donskoy found himself in open confrontation with the Golden Horde khans. In 1380, his army defeated Mamai.

But even despite this success, for another century, Moscow rulers periodically paid tribute. Only after in 1480 the yoke was finally thrown off. At the same time, under Ivan III, almost all Russian lands, including Novgorod, were united around Moscow. In 1547, his grandson Ivan the Terrible assumed the title of tsar, which was the end of the history of princely Russia and the beginning of a new tsarist Russia.

1097 - The first congress of princes in Lyubech

1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow

1188 - Approximate date of appearance " Words about Igor's regiment »

1206 - Proclamation of Temujin the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him

1237-1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Russia

1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neva

1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver

1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow

1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni

1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.

1510 - Annexation of Pskov to Moscow

1565-1572 — Oprichnina

1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow

1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the murder of False Dmitry I

1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II

1609-1618 – Open Polish-Swedish intervention

1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod

1648 - Uprising in Moscow - " salt riot »

1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

1649-1652 - Campaigns of Yerofei Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur

1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs

1670-1671 - Peasants' war led by S. Razina

1682 - Abolition of parochialism

1695-1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I

1812 - Napoleon's "Great Army" invades Russia. Patriotic War

1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna

1839-1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kancrina

1865 - Military judicial reform

Spring 1874 - The first mass "going to the people" of revolutionary populists

1875 April 25 - Petersburg Treaty of Russia with Japan (about South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)

1881 March 1 - The murder of Alexander II by revolutionary populists

November 9, 1906 - Beginning of the agrarian reforms P.A. Stolypin

1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization

November 30, 1939 - March 12, 1940 - Soviet-Finnish War

June 22, 1941 - Nazi Germany and its allies attack the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War

1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War

1975 July 30 - August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada

1990 May 16-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia

1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR