Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 4, 2013 N 776
"On approval of the Rules for the organization of commercial water metering, Wastewater"

Government Russian Federation decides:

2. Explanations on the procedure for applying the Rules approved by this resolution are given by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation.

3. The Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation within 3 months to approve:

guidelines for the calculation of losses of hot, drinking, technical water in centralized water supply systems during its production and transportation;

guidelines for calculating the volume of accepted (diverted) wastewater using the method of accounting for the throughput of sewer networks;

guidelines for calculating the volume of accepted (discharged) surface wastewater.

rules
organization of commercial accounting of water, wastewater
(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 4, 2013 N 776)

With changes and additions from:

I. General provisions

1. These Rules for the organization of commercial metering of water, wastewater determine the procedure for commercial metering of water, wastewater using metering devices that meet the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements in metering units designed and approved for operation in the manner prescribed by these Rules, or by calculation in order to calculate the amount of payment for supplied (received), transported water, accepted (diverted), transported wastewater under cold water supply contracts, hot water supply contracts (hereinafter referred to as water supply contracts), sanitation contracts, unified cold water supply and sanitation contracts, contracts for the transportation of cold water, contracts for the transportation of hot water, contracts for the transportation of waste water and other contracts concluded with organizations that carry out regulated species activities in the field of water supply and (or) sanitation.

These Rules apply to relations arising from the provision of utilities, to the extent that such relations are not regulated by the housing legislation of the Russian Federation, including the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 N 354 "On the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings."

2. Commercial accounting of water, waste water is subject to the amount (volume):

a) water supplied (received) for a certain period to subscribers under water supply contracts, a single contract for cold water supply and sanitation;

b) water transported by an organization operating water supply networks under contracts for the transportation of hot water, contracts for the transportation of cold water;

c) wastewater received from subscribers under a water disposal agreement, including a single agreement for cold water supply and sanitation;

d) wastewater transported by an organization transporting wastewater under a wastewater transportation agreement;

e) water in respect of which water treatment measures have been taken under a water treatment agreement;

f) wastewater treated in accordance with the wastewater treatment agreement.

3. Commercial metering of water, waste water is carried out by measuring the amount of water and waste water with metering devices (measuring instruments) of water, waste water in metering units or by calculation in cases provided for by the Federal Law "On Water Supply and Sanitation".

4. Metering devices for water, waste water are placed by the subscriber or the organization transporting hot water, cold water, waste water (hereinafter referred to as the transit organization), on the border of the balance sheet ownership of networks or on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and (or) the transit organization with the organization, providing hot water supply, cold water supply and (or) sanitation (hereinafter referred to as the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation), other organizations operating water supply and (or) sewer networks, unless otherwise provided by water supply contracts, a water disposal contract, a single contract for cold water supply and sanitation, an agreement on the transportation of cold water, an agreement on the transportation of hot water, an agreement on the transportation of wastewater, an agreement on connection (technological connection) to centralized systems of hot water supply, cold water supply and sanitation, an agreement on water preparation, a wastewater treatment agreement, as well as other agreements concluded with organizations providing water supply and (or) sanitation.

Connection (technological connection) of subscribers to a centralized hot water supply system and (or) a centralized cold water supply system (hereinafter referred to as centralized water supply systems) without equipping a metering station with water meters is not allowed.

Subscribers and transit organizations are obliged to equip their sewer outlets into the centralized sewerage system with wastewater meters in cases established by the Rules by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2013 N 644.

5. Commercial metering of cold water, hot water, thermal energy in the composition of hot water, wastewater is carried out:

a) by the subscriber, unless otherwise provided by the water supply agreements, the water disposal agreement and (or) the unified agreement for cold water supply and sanitation;

b) a transit organization, unless otherwise provided by the contract for the transportation of cold water, the contract for the transportation of hot water and (or) the contract for the transportation of waste water.

6. Commercial metering of water, in respect of which water treatment measures have been taken, is carried out by an organization operating individual objects of centralized water supply systems, unless otherwise provided by a water treatment agreement, a contract for the transportation of cold water and (or) an agreement for the transportation of hot water.

7. Commercial accounting of wastewater, in respect of which treatment has been carried out, is carried out by the organization operating individual objects of centralized sewerage systems, unless otherwise provided by the wastewater treatment agreement, the wastewater transportation agreement and (or) the agreement on the treatment of sewage sludge.

8. Unless otherwise provided by these Rules, installation, operation, verification, repair and replacement of metering units are carried out in the following order:

a) obtaining technical specifications for the design of the metering unit;

b) design of a metering station and installation of a metering station for newly commissioned metering stations, including the installation of metering devices;

c) admission to the operation of the metering unit;

d) operation of the metering unit, including taking readings from metering devices on the amount of supplied (received, transported) cold water, hot water, thermal energy as part of supplied (received, transported) hot water, on accepted (discharged, transported) wastewater and other indications , provided for by the technical documentation, displayed by metering devices, including using remote reading systems (telemetry systems), as well as keeping records of the number and duration of emergency situations that occur in the operation of metering devices of the metering station;

e) verification, repair and replacement (if necessary) of metering devices.

Information about changes:

Rules were supplemented by clause 8.1 from July 14, 2017 - Decree

8.1. Installation of metering units in newly created capital construction objects, in respect of which connection (technological connection) to centralized water supply systems and (or) centralized water disposal systems is carried out, in accordance with the conditions for connection (technological connection) of the capital construction object to centralized water supply systems and (or ) centralized wastewater systems include:

a) design, installation and installation of the metering unit in accordance with the design documentation of the capital construction facility and (or) the connection conditions (technological connection);

b) admission to the operation of the metering unit.

9. Used metering devices for cold water, hot water and thermal energy as part of hot water, wastewater must comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements in force at the time the metering devices are put into operation.

After the interval between verifications has expired or after the failure of metering devices or their loss, if this happened before the expiration of the interval between verifications, metering devices that do not comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements are subject to verification or replacement with new metering devices. These provisions apply, among other things, to metering devices for cold water, hot water and heat energy as part of hot water, used to determine the amount of cold and hot water, heat energy as part of hot water supplied to premises apartment buildings and residential buildings.

II. Commercial metering of water, wastewater using metering devices

10. Collection of information on the readings of metering devices on the amount of supplied (received, transported) cold water, hot water, thermal energy as part of the supplied (received, transported) hot water, on the received (discharged, transported) wastewater, the number and duration of emergency situations arising in the operation of metering devices, and other information provided for by the technical documentation, displayed by metering devices, as well as taking readings from metering devices, including using remote reading systems (telemetry systems), is carried out by a subscriber or a transit organization, unless otherwise provided contracts of a subscriber and (or) a transit organization with an organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal. By the end of the 2nd day of the month following the billing month, the subscriber or the transit organization shall provide the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation with information on the readings of metering devices as of the last day of the billing period, unless other terms are established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as information about the current readings of metering devices within 2 working days after receiving a request for the provision of such information from the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation. Such information is sent to the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, in any available way (postal item, fax message, telephone message, electronic message using the information and telecommunication network "Internet"), which allows confirming the receipt of the specified information by the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal.

If the technical characteristics of the metering devices and metering units used allow the use of telemetry systems for transmitting meter readings and there is financial and technical support for the installation of telemetry modules and telemetry software, presentation (removal) of meter readings is carried out remotely using such telemetric systems.

11. The subscriber or transit organization is obliged to ensure unimpeded access of representatives of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, or at the direction of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, representatives of another organization to metering units and metering devices for reconciliation of meter readings and verification compliance with the operating conditions of metering devices.

12. In the event of a discrepancy between the readings of metering devices of a subscriber or a transit organization discovered during the verification process on the volume of supplied (received) cold water, hot water, thermal energy in the composition of hot water and discharged (received) wastewater with the information provided by subscribers or transit organizations, the organization, providing water supply and (or) water disposal, draws up an act of reconciliation of meter readings, signed by representatives of the subscriber or the transit organization and the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal.

If the representative of the subscriber or transit organization does not agree with the content of the act of reconciliation of readings of metering devices, the representative of the subscriber or transit organization makes a mark on the act "acquainted" and affixes his signature. The objections of the subscriber or the transit organization are indicated in the act or sent to the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation in writing in any way that allows confirming the receipt of the document by the subscriber or the transit organization. If the representative of the subscriber or the transit organization refuses to sign the act of reconciliation of meter readings, such an act is signed by the representative of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, with the note "the representative of the subscriber or the organization transporting water and (or) wastewater refused to sign ".

The act of reconciliation of meter readings is the basis for the recalculation of the volume of supplied (received) water and thermal energy as part of hot water and discharged (received) wastewater from the date of signing the last act of reconciliation of meter readings until the day of signing a new act.

13. In order to control the volumes of supplied (received) water, thermal energy in the composition of hot water and discharged (received) wastewater, the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal, or the subscriber or transit organization has the right to use control (parallel) cold water metering devices , hot water, thermal energy as part of hot water and wastewater, subject to notification of one of the parties to the contract of the other party about the use of such metering devices.

Control (parallel) metering devices for cold water, hot water, thermal energy as part of hot water and wastewater are installed on the networks of the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal, transit organization or subscriber in places that allow for commercial accounting of water supplied to the subscriber, thermal energy in the composition of hot water and received wastewater.

In the event of a difference in the readings of control (parallel) meters for water, thermal energy in the composition of hot water and waste water and the main meters for water, thermal energy in the composition of hot water and waste water by more than the measurement error of such meters for a period of at least one billing month, the person who installed the control (parallel) metering device may require the other party to conduct an extraordinary verification of the metering device operated by this party. The readings of the control (parallel) metering device are used for the purpose of commercial metering of water, thermal energy as part of hot water and wastewater for the period of malfunction, verification of the main metering device, and also in case of violation of the deadlines for providing metering readings.

Installation, replacement, operation and verification of control (parallel) metering devices for water, heat energy as part of hot water and wastewater are carried out in accordance with the procedures provided for the installation, replacement, operation and verification of the main metering devices provided for by these Rules.

The person who installed the control (parallel) metering device is obliged to provide the other party (subscriber, transit organization, organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation) with unhindered access to the control (parallel) meters for water, heat energy as part of hot water and diverted ( accepted) wastewater in order to control the correct installation and operation of the control (parallel) metering device.

III. Commercial accounting of water by calculation

14. Commercial accounting of water is carried out by calculation in the following cases:

a) in the absence of a metering device, including in the case of unauthorized connection and (or) use of centralized water supply systems;

c) in case of violation for more than 6 months of the deadline for submitting meter readings, which is the property of the subscriber or the transit organization, except for cases of prior notification by the subscriber or the transit organization of the organization providing hot water supply, cold water supply, of a temporary cessation of water consumption.

15. When calculating the method of commercial accounting of water, the following are applied:

a) the method of accounting for the capacity of devices and structures used for connection to centralized water supply systems;

b) the method of calculated average monthly (average daily, average hourly) amount of supplied (transported) water;

c) method of guaranteed volume of water supply;

d) the method of summing up the volumes of water.

16. The application of the method of accounting for the capacity of devices and structures used to connect to centralized water supply systems, with their round-the-clock operation with a full section at the point of connection to a centralized water supply system and at a water movement speed of 1.2 meters per second, is used in the following cases:

a) in case of unauthorized connection and (or) use of centralized water supply systems for the period of time during which such unauthorized connection and (or) use was carried out, but not more than 3 years. At the same time, the period of time during which unauthorized connection and (or) use of centralized water supply systems was carried out is determined from the day of the previous control check of the technical condition of the objects of the centralized water supply system in the place where the fact of unauthorized connection and (or) use of centralized water supply systems was later revealed , until the day of elimination of unauthorized accession (cessation of unauthorized use). If, within 1 year after the entry into force of these Rules, the subscriber informed the organization providing hot water supply, cold water supply, about unauthorized connection and (or) use of the centralized water supply system, the calculation method for determining the amount of supplied (received) water is applied for no more than 6 months;

b) after 60 days from the date of occurrence of a metering device malfunction (including failure to perform verification after the expiration of the calibration interval) or dismantling of the metering device until the metering device is admitted to operation or verification without dismantling the metering device;

c) if the subscriber or the transit organization does not have water meters approved for operation in the prescribed manner, if within 60 days from the date of receipt from the organization providing hot water, cold water, notification of the need to install meters or after the date defined in the water supply contracts, the unified water supply and sanitation contract, the contract for the transportation of cold water and the contract for the transportation of hot water, water meters are not installed;

d) in case of violation for more than 6 months of the deadline for submitting meter readings, with the exception of cases of prior notification by the subscriber or transit organization of the organization providing hot water supply, cold water supply, of a temporary cessation of water consumption.

17. The method of calculating the average monthly (average daily, average hourly) amount of supplied (transported) water used on the basis of meter readings for the last year is applied in the event that a malfunction of such a meter is established or such a meter is dismantled in connection with its verification, repair or replacement , but not more than within 60 days after establishing the fact of a malfunction of the metering device or dismantling the metering device, unless a different period is agreed with the organization providing hot water supply, cold water supply, and does not apply in cases of using control (parallel) metering devices.

If the period of operation of the meter is less than 1 year, then the data of the meter for the actual period of its operation are used.

If the actual period of operation of the meter is less than 60 days, then the method of calculated average monthly (average daily, average hourly) amount of supplied (transported) water is not applied.

18. Application of the method of guaranteed volume of water supply, determined by water supply contracts, a single contract for cold water supply and sanitation, is used in the following cases:

b) if the actual period of operation of the metering device from the date of admission to the operation of the metering device until its failure was less than 60 calendar days.

19. If the readings of the meter contain information about temporary violations in the operation of the meter that occurred during the operation of the meter, the calculation of the volume of water received for the specified period is made in accordance with paragraph 16 of these Rules.

20. The application of the method of summing up the volumes of water supplied to subscribers and (or) other transit organizations, the volumes of which are determined by meter readings or by calculation, by an organization providing hot water supply, cold water supply, using the water supply networks of these transit organizations is used in the absence of at the transit organization of water meters, as well as in the event of a malfunction of the meter and dismantling of the meter for the purpose of its verification, repair or replacement.

21. If the water metering unit is not located on the border of the operational responsibility of the organization providing hot water supply, cold water supply, the subscriber and (or) the transit organization, then the calculation of the volume of supplied (received) water is made taking into account losses in water supply networks from the border of operational responsibility to the place of installation of the meter.

IV. Commercial metering of wastewater by calculation

22. Commercial accounting of wastewater is carried out by calculation in the following cases:

a) in the absence of a metering device, including in the case of unauthorized connection and (or) use of a centralized sewerage system;

b) in case of malfunction of the metering device;

c) in case of violation for more than 6 months of the deadlines for submitting meter readings to the organization carrying out water disposal, except for cases when the subscriber of such an organization has previously notified about the temporary cessation of wastewater discharge.

23. If the subscriber does not have a metering device or a malfunction of the metering device (including when dismantling the metering device in connection with its verification, repair or replacement), violation of the deadlines for submitting meter readings, except in cases where the subscriber has previously notified the organization that carries out the water disposal, about temporary cessation of wastewater discharge, the volume of wastewater discharged by the subscriber is taken equal to the volume of water supplied to this subscriber from all sources of water supply, including those determined by calculation in accordance with Section III of these Rules. This takes into account the volume of surface wastewater, which is calculated in accordance with paragraph 25 of these Rules, if the acceptance of such wastewater into the sewerage system is provided for by the water supply and sewerage scheme or the sewerage agreement, a single contract for cold water supply and sewerage.

23.1 The volume of wastewater discharged by the subscriber into the centralized sewerage system is determined in accordance with the balance of water consumption and sanitation developed by the subscriber and agreed with the organization performing the wastewater disposal, subject to the following conditions:

establishment by the subscriber, together with the organization providing water disposal, in the manner prescribed by the Rules for cold water supply and sanitation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2013 N 644 "On approval of the Rules for cold water supply and sanitation and on amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation ", the fact that it is not technically possible to install a wastewater meter and the signing of the relevant act or the absence of the subscriber's obligation to install a wastewater meter;

the use by the subscriber of water as part of manufactured products, in the production of thermal energy, or the subscriber has independent releases into water bodies, or the subscriber has 2 or more sewer outlets into a centralized sewerage system.

In the balance of water consumption and sanitation, the average daily volume of wastewater discharged by the subscriber into the centralized sewerage system is indicated, indicating the distribution of the total volume of wastewater by sewer outlets (in percent).

The subscriber is obliged to submit documents and materials confirming the data indicated in the balance of water consumption and sanitation to the organization that carries out water disposal.

The organization carrying out water disposal, when considering the balance of water consumption and water disposal, checks the data contained in the balance of water consumption and water disposal of the subscriber, as well as other data reported by the subscriber when providing the balance. When checking the data on the balance of water consumption and sanitation, the amount of wastewater can be measured using portable (temporary) metering devices installed for a period of 7 to 30 days by the organization carrying out the water disposal, or another organization authorized by it.

23.2. The organization that carries out water disposal has the right to refuse the subscriber to agree on the balance of water consumption and water disposal on the following grounds:

non-submission by the subscriber of documents and materials confirming the data indicated in the balance of water consumption and sanitation;

non-compliance of the balance of water consumption and sanitation with the documents and materials submitted by the subscriber in support of the data specified in the balance of water consumption and sanitation;

identification by the organization carrying out water disposal, or another organization authorized by it, when checking the data on the balance of water consumption and water disposal by measuring the amount of wastewater using portable (temporary) metering devices, discrepancies with the balance of water consumption and water disposal provided by the subscriber by more than 30 percent.

In this case, the amount of discharged wastewater is determined in accordance with paragraph 23 of these Rules.

23.3. The period of validity of the balance of water consumption and water disposal of the subscriber is determined by agreement between the subscriber and the organization providing water disposal, but cannot be more than 5 years. The subscriber, no later than 90 calendar days before the expiration of the balance of water consumption and water disposal, is obliged to develop and send for approval to the organization that carries out water disposal, a new balance of water consumption and water disposal in the manner prescribed by paragraph 23.1 of these Rules.

24. In case of unauthorized connection and (or) use of a centralized sewerage system, the volume of discharged wastewater is determined by calculation in accordance with the guidelines for calculating the volume of accepted (discharged) wastewater using the method of accounting for the capacity of sewer networks, approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services. economy of the Russian Federation, for the period of time during which such unauthorized connection and (or) use was carried out, but not more than 3 years. At the same time, the period of time during which unauthorized connection and (or) use of centralized sewerage systems was carried out is determined from the date of the previous control check of the technical condition of the objects of the centralized sewerage system in the place where the fact of unauthorized connection and (or) use of centralized sewerage systems was later revealed until the date of elimination of unauthorized connection (termination of unauthorized use). If the subscriber, within 1 year after the entry into force of these Rules, informed the organization that carries out the water disposal of the unauthorized connection and (or) use of the centralized water disposal system, the calculation method for determining the amount of accepted (discharged) wastewater is applied no more than 6 months.

25. Commercial accounting of surface wastewater is carried out by calculation in accordance with the guidelines for calculating the volume of accepted (discharged) surface wastewater, approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation.

26. The volume of wastewater received from the owners or users of premises in multi-apartment buildings, in which direct management by the owners of premises in multi-apartment buildings is chosen as the management method or in which the management method is not selected, as well as management organizations, homeowners associations, housing cooperatives or other specialized consumer cooperatives, as communal resource from apartment building, not equipped with an appropriate collective (general house) metering device, is determined in accordance with the Rules, which are mandatory when a management organization or a homeowners' association or a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative concludes agreements with resource supply organizations approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2012. N 124.

27. If the transit organization does not have a metering device, as well as in the event of a malfunction of the metering device or dismantling of the metering device for the purpose of its verification, repair or replacement, the volume of wastewater transported through the sewer networks of such an organization is determined by calculation by summing up the volume of wastewater, which diverted by subscribers or accepted from other transit organizations, as well as the volume of surface wastewater accepted by the transit organization.

V. Design of the metering unit

28. In cases of installation of metering units at capital construction facilities not specified in paragraph 8.1 of these Rules, the design of the metering unit is carried out on the basis of the technical specifications for the design of the metering unit. The result of the design of the metering station is the design documentation for the equipment of the metering station. The subscriber or transit organization has the right to involve in the preparation project documentation on the equipment of the metering station legal entities or individuals.

29. Technical specifications for the design of a metering unit are issued in the cases provided for in paragraph 28 of these Rules by an organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation within 10 working days from the date of receipt from a subscriber or a transit organization of an application for issuing technical specifications containing information, necessary for the issuance of technical specifications (volume of water consumed, wastewater discharged, layout of subscriber's facilities, layout of networks).

30. Specifications for the design of the metering station should contain:

a) requirements for the location of the metering unit;

b) requirements for the installation scheme of the metering device and other components of the metering unit;

c) requirements for technical specifications metering device, including accuracy, measurement range and level of error.

31. Design documentation for a capital construction facility and design documentation for metering unit equipment in the cases provided for in paragraph 28 of these Rules must contain:

a) an indication of the location of the metering unit;

b) scheme of installation (connection) of the metering device and other components of the metering unit to the water supply and sanitation networks;

c) information about the type of meter used and information confirming its compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements.

VI. Admission of the metering station to operation

34. The admission of the installed metering unit to operation is carried out by the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal, no later than 15 working days from the date of receipt from the subscriber or transit organization of the application for the admission of the metering unit to operation (hereinafter - the application).

If the subscriber's facility is not connected directly to the water and (or) sewer networks of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, a copy of the application sent to the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation is sent for information to the transit organization, to the water supply and (or) sewer networks to which the subscriber's facility is connected.

The application must indicate:

details of the subscriber or transit organization (for legal entities - the full name and main state registration number of the entry in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and the date of its entry into the register, location, individual taxpayer number, for individual entrepreneurs - the main state registration number of the entry in the Unified State Register of Individuals entrepreneurs and the date of its entry in the register, address of registration at the place of residence, individual taxpayer number, for individuals- last name, first name, patronymic, series, number and date of issue of a passport or other identity document in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, address of registration at the place of residence), contact details, including postal address and telephone number of the person who sent the application;

details (number, date of conclusion) of water supply agreements, a water disposal agreement, a single contract for cold water supply and sanitation, an agreement for the transportation of cold water, an agreement for the transportation of hot water, an agreement for the transportation of wastewater or an agreement for connecting to a centralized water supply or sanitation system;

the proposed date and time for the procedure for admitting the metering unit and (or) the metering device to operation, which cannot be earlier than 5 working days and later than 15 working days from the date of filing the application.

35. Attached to the application:

a) a copy of the design documentation for the equipment of the metering station certified by the subscriber or the transit organization;

b) copies of passports for metering devices that are part of the metering unit certified by the subscriber or the transit organization;

c) copies of documents certified by the subscriber or transit organization confirming the last verification of metering devices (except for new metering devices);

d) documents confirming the right of a person to sign an application and (or) submit an application on behalf of a subscriber or a transit organization.

36. The admission of the metering station to operation is carried out by the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal, with the participation of a representative of the subscriber or the transit organization.

Information about changes:

The rules were supplemented by clause 36.1 from July 14, 2017 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2017 N 778

36.1. Admission to operation of a metering unit installed in a newly created or created capital construction facility, connected (technologically connected) to centralized water supply systems and (or) centralized water disposal systems, is carried out by an organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal, on the basis of a connection act ( technological connection) of the facility within the connection period (technological connection) determined by the Rules for hot water supply, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2013 N 642 "On approval of the Rules for hot water supply and amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 13, 2006 . N 83", and (or) the Rules for cold water supply and sanitation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2013 N 644 "On approval of the Rules for cold water supply and sanitation and on amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation".

In cases where the subscriber's facility is not connected directly to the water supply and (or) sewerage networks of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, a copy of the notice of the fulfillment of the conditions for connection (technological connection) sent to the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, it is sent by it for information to the transit organization, to the water supply and (or) sewer networks of which the subscriber's facility is connected.

37. When conducting admission to the operation of the metering station in apartment building a representative of the utility service provider represented by the managing organization, homeowners association, housing construction cooperative is involved in the admission to operation, housing cooperative or another specialized consumer cooperative, and in case of direct management by the owners of premises in an apartment building - a person authorized by the decision general meeting such owners, or an authorized representative of a person involved by the owners of premises in an apartment building under contracts providing for the provision of services for the maintenance and (or) performance of work on the repair of in-house water supply and (or) sanitation systems (if such contracts exist).

38. The organization that provides water supply and (or) sanitation, which received the application, determines the representative for its part and, if necessary, within 3 days from the date of receipt of the application, determines a different date and time for the procedure for allowing the metering unit to operate, which cannot be earlier than 5 working days and later than 15 working days from the date of receipt of the application.

The new date and time are agreed with the subscriber or transit organization that sent the application.

39. When carrying out the admission of the metering station to operation, the following shall be checked:

a) compliance of serial numbers on metering devices that are part of the metering unit with the numbers indicated in their passports;

b) compliance of the metering station with the corresponding design and technical documentation, including the configuration and installation scheme of metering devices of the metering station, as well as the compliance of design and technical documentation with technical specifications;

Subparagraph "d" of paragraph 53 of the Rules for hot water supply, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2013 N 642 "On approval of the Rules for hot water supply and amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 13, 2006 N 83", or paragraph 106 of the Rules for Cold Water Supply and Sanitation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 2013 N 644 "On Approval of the Rules for Cold Water Supply and Sanitation and on Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation", respectively, the metering unit is considered approved for operation.

42. Based on the results of checking the metering station, the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation draws up an act of admitting the metering station to operation, which indicates:

a) date, time and location of the object of verification;

b) last names, first names, patronymics, positions and contact details of the persons who took part in the inspection;

c) the results of checking the metering unit;

d) a decision on admission or refusal to allow the metering station to operate, indicating the reason for the refusal;

e) in case of admission of the metering station to operation, the readings of metering devices at the time of completion of the procedure for admitting the metering station to operation and an indication of the places on the metering station in which control one-time numbered seals (control seals) are installed.

43. The certificate of admission of the metering station to operation is signed by the persons who took part in the admission of the metering station to operation, in a number of copies equal to the number of parties (organizations) that took part in the admission of the metering station to operation. The act in case of refusal of the indicated persons to sign it is signed by representatives of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation. At the same time, such an organization is obliged to send the act to the parties who took part in the admission, in any way that allows confirming the receipt of this act.

Information about changes:

The rules were supplemented by clause 43.1 from July 14, 2017 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2017 N 778

43.1. In the absence of comments on the metering unit installed in a newly created or created capital construction facility, connected (technologically connected) to centralized water supply systems and (or) centralized water disposal systems, the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal reflects information on the admission of the metering unit for operation in the act of connection (technological connection) of the facility.

44. Before signing the certificate of admission of the metering station to operation (in the absence of grounds for refusing to admit the metering station to operation), a representative of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation installs control seals on metering devices, flanges and valves on bypass lines accounting node.

45. The installation of metering devices is carried out by subscribers or transit organizations independently or under an agreement with an organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, at the expense of the subscriber or transit organization.

46. ​​In the event that an organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation installs metering devices in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", admission to the operation of the metering unit is carried out in the manner provided for in paragraphs 36 - 45 of these Rules. The water supply and (or) water disposal organization that installed the metering station sends the subscriber a notification of the date and time of the procedure for admitting the metering station to operation no later than 5 working days before the day the metering station is admitted to operation. If the representative of the subscriber fails to appear to participate in the procedure for admitting the metering station to operation on the day and time specified in the notice sent to the subscriber by the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation shall admit the metering station to operation without the participation of representatives of the subscriber, followed by the direction of the certificate of admission of the metering station to operation to the address of the subscriber. This act, with a copy of the passport attached to the metering devices, is sent to the subscriber in any way that allows you to confirm the fact of its receipt. Metering devices are considered approved for operation in accordance with the established procedure from the date of receipt by the subscriber (delivery to the subscriber) of the certificate of admission of the metering station to operation with a copy of the passport for metering devices attached.

b) the presence of signs of unauthorized interference in the operation of the metering unit, determined by a representative of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, based on photographic materials and by visual comparison of the metering device before and after unauthorized interference;

c) violation of control seals or verification marks;

G) mechanical damage metering devices and (or) other elements of the metering unit;

e) exceeding the permissible error of readings of metering devices;

f) violation of the design documentation for the equipment of the metering station, in particular, the implementation of a tie-in into pipelines that are part of the metering station that is not provided for by the design documentation for the equipment of the metering station;

g) expiration of the calibration interval for verification of metering devices.

50. The person operating the metering unit, in the event of a failure of the metering unit or metering device (malfunction), is obliged to immediately notify the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal (subscriber or transit organization) and report the readings of metering devices at the time failure of the metering unit (malfunction), as well as to eliminate the identified malfunction (repair) within 60 days from the date of failure of the metering unit or metering devices (malfunction). The organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal must be notified of the dismantling of metering devices at least 2 working days in advance. The dismantling of metering devices that are part of the metering unit or metering unit, as well as their subsequent installation, are carried out in the presence of representatives of the organization providing water supply and (or) sanitation, unless such representatives did not appear by the time of dismantling the metering devices or metering unit, specified in the notice.

51. Installation of seals on the metering device, which is part of the metering unit, after repair and (or) replacement of the metering device, its verification is carried out by the organization providing water supply and (or) water disposal.

Water and (or) wastewater metering devices installed to determine the amount of water supplied to the subscriber under water supply agreements, a single cold water supply and sanitation agreement, wastewater diverted by a subscriber under a sanitation agreement, a single cold water supply and sanitation agreement, including after verification, are sealed organizations that provide water supply and (or) water disposal and with which these contracts are concluded, without charging a fee from the subscriber, except for cases when the sealing of the relevant metering devices is performed by such an organization again due to violation of the seal or verification marks by the subscriber or a third party.

Payments that are charged to enterprises for discharging water into the sewer are becoming more and more every year. Therefore, the actual problem is the installation of metering devices, an example of which is a wastewater flow meter.

Modern metering devices are high-tech products made using electronic components. Such devices are able to provide high reliability and accuracy of measurements.

If accounting for water consumption has long become commonplace, then wastewater flow meters are still not so widespread.

In most cases, the calculation of the volume of waste entering the sewer is determined by measuring the meter on water pipe. The logic here is simple, it is believed that the bulk of the water flowing from the tap goes into the sewer.

However, this is not always the correct argument. So, for example, a fairly significant part of the water can be spent on irrigating the territory or used to wash equipment, etc.

In practice, it turns out that approximately 70-90% of the water that has passed through the meter on the water supply enters the sewerage system. There are enterprises where this indicator is even lower.

Thus, the installation of such a device as a wastewater meter can be very beneficial for the enterprise, given the current prices for wastewater services. Only by installing such equipment can one objectively judge how large the stocks of an enterprise are.

Types of devices used

Today, various devices, both domestic and imported, are used to measure the amount of effluents.

But all of them can be divided according to the principle of action into two types:

• Devices that measure only the level of the flow, while the calculation of the flow rate is carried out according to the flow characteristic of the channel.
• Devices that measure the level and speed of the flow, that is, those that measure according to the "velocity-area" principle.

The feasibility of installing metering devices

Before starting to select wastewater meters, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine the feasibility of organizing measurements, as well as choose a place for installation.

For example, if wastewater outlets are located in a densely built-up area (located under buildings or driveways), then a conclusion is issued that it is not technically possible to install the device. The choice of the type of flowmeter is carried out depending on the characteristics of the industrial facility.

As a rule, a wastewater meter is installed on existing networks in specially equipped measuring wells. The use of existing manholes for these purposes is an erroneous decision.

The fact is that the control ones are installed at the places of rotation or changes in the level of the pipeline. Therefore, when installed in them measuring instruments the straightness requirement for the measuring sections will be violated.

Thus, it is desirable to equip the wastewater metering unit in specially equipped measuring chambers or wells.

Problems in the organization of accounting for wastewater

The main problems in the organization of wastewater metering are the presence of backwater and silting that occurs in pipelines. These phenomena affect the correctness of measurements.

Reasons for the formation of backwaters:

• Accumulation in solid waste and debris, leading to the formation of blockage;
• Destruction of the pipeline in one of the sections;
• The presence of a slope in the direction opposite to the flow;
• If the tie-in of the customer's pipeline is carried out at a level that is below the level of the liquid in the city sewer, then the backwater will occur from the receiving sewer.

If a blockage is detected, it will be necessary to carry out work on. In other cases, major repairs will be required to fix the problem.

Silting of pipes occurs for the following reasons:

• Entry into the sewer of a large amount of sand and other insoluble bulk materials;
• Insufficient angle when laying;
• The destruction of the pipe separate sections, as a result of which the soil begins to be washed away, which enters the sewer.

Despite the fact that the elimination of these causes requires significant costs, before installing wastewater meters, it is necessary to bring the system into full order.

Causes of unbalance when measuring the amount of wastewater

It happens that after the wastewater flow meter has been installed, it turns out that more water enters the sewer than the sensor installed on the water supply indicates. How can this happen, and always, or is the reason for a malfunction of the effluent metering sensor?

It should be noted that the reasons for this imbalance may be different.

Including:

• Unaccounted tie-ins for the receipt of effluents installed before the place where the metering device is installed;
• Wrong balance calculation. For example, if the calculation is carried out according to the readings of the cold water meter, while discharges from the DHW system are also received.
• The presence of destruction on the pipeline, as a result of which groundwater enters the system.
• Incorrect operation of the sensor that takes into account the flow of water.

There are also cases when incorrect readings are given by the wastewater meter. The reason for this, most often, is a violation of the requirements during installation and selection of the installation site.

For example, if the device is not installed in a straight section, or there are supports in the pipeline. Contributes to a decrease in measurement accuracy and severe contamination (silting) of the pipe.

Rules for installing a metering device for the number of drains

In order for the device to work correctly, a number of significant points must be taken into account when installing it.. The device is installed only on straight sections, while choosing a place corresponding to the angle of ascent.

If effluents move by gravity through the pipeline, then the wastewater flow meter must be installed in the underestimated part of the network.

Do not install the device at a high network point, since accurate measurements are possible only when the pipeline section is filled as completely as possible.

In addition, the device is not installed in the lower section of the system if the liquid from it freely drains into the atmosphere. The planes of the sensors during installation should be oriented horizontally, the angle of deviation from a straight line should not exceed 25 degrees.

Instruments and methods used to organize the accounting of the amount of effluents in pressure and non-pressure systems

Drains in the sewerage system move through pressure and non-pressure networks. In the first version of water drainage, the liquid moves through the channels with the help of pumps, in the second, it moves by gravity due to the corresponding slope of the pipeline.

Measuring the amount of wastewater passing through pressure systems is quite simple. Indeed, in this case, you can use sensors that work on the same principle as those installed on the water supply.

The only difference when measuring the amount of wastewater is a lower flow rate or the presence of a large amount of pollution.

In this case, ultrasonic or electromagnetic flowmeters are used, which must be selected taking into account the estimated wastewater flow rate. It is recommended to use and ultrasonic devices liquid flow metering, equipped with Doppler-type sensors.

It is much more difficult to take into account the amount of effluents in pipelines in which water moves by gravity. In this case, it is necessary to measure the amount of liquid in the open channel or in the unfilled pipe. Drains move under the influence of gravity, and the speed of movement is small.

To solve this problem, devices of both the first and second types are used. In the first version, the flow meter measures the liquid level, after which the volume of wastewater is calculated, taking into account the data on the cross section of the measured area.

This method is often used in channels with U shape as well as in pipelines. When used in channels with a different cross-sectional shape, standardized weirs are used, for which formulas have been experimentally created for converting the liquid level into its flow rate.

When using devices of the second type, it is possible to obtain more accurate measurements. The fact is that the level of liquid in non-pressure pipelines is far from always constant, therefore, the indicators of the flow area and its speed are taken as the basis for the measurement.

Important! To measure the flow velocity of a liquid, Doppler-type sensors are used, which can be submersible and overhead.

Measurement of the actual liquid level in the pipeline is carried out using an external echolocation sensor or using a submersible device that records pressure drops. Taking into account and comparing these two measurements makes it possible to calculate the volumes of wastewater with a high degree of accuracy.

The organization of wastewater accounting is an urgent task that has economic importance. It can be solved various methods. So, for pressure sewer systems, there is a large number of various devices.

For non-pressure systems, there are much fewer options for organizing measurements, however, it is economically feasible to purchase a wastewater flow meter of the second type, since such a device allows for constant and most accurate measurements.

Provision of residential development engineering communications is an important aspect of improving the comfort of living. accommodation in individual house it is distinguished by a large consumption of water for household needs without subsequent disposal: watering the garden, garden, water consumption by people and animals, etc. In order not to pay for water disposal services for consumed water, it is required to install wastewater metering devices. The meter will show that much less water actually goes into the sewer than it enters the house.

The wastewater flow meter is a high-tech device that has electronic components in its design and ensures the accuracy and reliability of measurements. The design of the instrument base and instrument components allows you to work in chemically aggressive environments, without loss of reliability and accuracy of measurements.

How they work

Sewerage meters are divided into the following types depending on what principle of action underlies their work:

• ultrasonic;
• electromagnetic;
• lever pendulum.

According to the measurement method, effluent metering devices are divided into two types:

• Accounting for the level of effluent flow in the pipe. The number of drains is determined depending on the size of the channel.
• Accounting for the flow rate in conjunction with the level of effluent flow in the pipe. The number of drains is determined by the principle of "area-velocity".

Ultrasonic meters

High-precision instruments designed to measure the amount of liquid sewage. Measurements are made using area-velocity sensors, which are easily installed in the collector. Used in open channels, gravity systems, non-pressure pipelines, in the industrial sector for commercial accounting. When the devices are equipped with hydrostatic sensors, in addition to monitoring the discharge volumes, monitoring of the filling of the sewer network is carried out.

Installation is carried out inside the pipeline or channels without additional construction works.

The operation of ultrasonic sensors is based on measuring the difference in the transit time of pulses of ultrasonic vibrations in the direction of the fluid flow and against it. Sensors (piezoelectric transducers) are installed on the measuring section, which initiate the excitation of these pulses.

The ultrasonic sensor is installed at an angle relative to the flow section. Velocity can be measured by one or two beams of ultrasonic vibrations. The sensors work alternately, first as an emitter, then as a receiver. The movement of the fluid causes a change in the time of complete propagation of signals along the flow and against it. Based on the received signals, the speed and volume of effluents in the pipeline are determined.

Advantages of devices of this type lies in their versatility, the possibility of installation in pipelines of any geometry with a diameter of up to 9 m. Measurements take place in any direction of flow. The construction of additional wells or measuring chambers for the installation of the device is not required.

The disadvantages of the devices include the need for constant cleaning of the sensors. Heterogeneity of effluents, the presence of bubbles, suspensions reduce the reliability of indicators. The measurement error reaches 5%.

Electromagnetic principle

These are simple but reliable devices for measuring the volume of wastewater, including untreated. They are used on gravity and pressure sewer systems, provided that the pressure in the pressure drains does not exceed 40 bar.

The principle of operation of wastewater volume meters is based on measuring the electromotive force (EMF) that occurs in wastewater when passing through an artificial magnetic field. The fluid flow rate is directly proportional to the resulting EMF, which is converted into a signal on the display of the controller device. Measurement of the volumes of drains is possible only if they conduct electric current, since the operation of the devices is based on Faraday's law (magnetic induction). The fluid that passes through the magnetic field acts as a moving core. It initiates an electric current, depending on the speed of the effluents.

The advantage of electromagnetic instruments lies in their versatility, they allow you to measure any kind of liquid waste that conducts electric current, including raw sewage. The devices consistently show high-precision data, provided that there is a self-cleaning system for the electrodes.

Note! The disadvantages include unstable operation in the presence of strong electromagnetic interference. The cost of flow meters depends on the diameter of the pipe or channel, since the design of the primary converter must always be full bore.

Lever-pendulum flow meters

The scope of the devices is non-pressure open and closed sewer channels. The principle of operation is to measure the level and average speed flow. Measurements are taken continuously. Channel dimensions, information about the current value of the flow level allow you to calculate the current value of the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the drains. The volume of wastewater is determined as the product of the flow rate of passing sewage per unit of measurement time. The performance of the device is defined as the product of the flow cross section and its velocity.

The device is a device with a lever fixed on the axis, on which a spherical float is rigidly attached. At the other end of the lever, a sensor is installed for the angle of deviation of the lever relative to the vertical to the horizontal line. In the absence of drains, the lever is in a vertical position. In the presence of drains, the float rises or falls, changing the angle of inclination depending on the level of drains in the pipe. Through the readings of the angle of inclination, the level of sewage is determined.

To measure the speed, another assembly is used, which is a rotary blade made of stainless steel. The blade is fixed on the axis. One end of the blade freely descends into the liquid waste. A sensor is fixed on the axis, which shows the flow velocity according to the blade deflection angle, depending on the current strength.

These devices provide high precision measured parameters of wastewater accounting, regardless of the presence of contaminants in the pipe and other factors.

Before choosing a flow meter model, you need to know what requirements apply to the sewerage system and what type of conduit is used.

Sewer networks can be divided into open and closed. Closed networks are divided into pressure and non-pressure. Open channels also belong to non-pressure channels. Effluent flows through pressure channels under the influence of pumps, in non-pressure and open channels - by gravity due to the slope of the pipeline.

For measurement in pressure pipelines, devices with sensors are used. Electromagnetic or ultrasonic flowmeters are selected based on the estimated flow rates of effluents.

Establish wastewater accounting in gravity pipelines - more difficult task. Open or closed channels are characterized by the movement of sewage by gravity under the action of gravity at low speed.

Instruments that measure only the liquid level give indications for further calculation of the volumes of effluents, taking into account the data of the channel section. For open channels, lever-pendulum flowmeters are used.

More accurate results are given by instruments of the second type, which measure according to the "area-velocity" principle. The liquid level in non-pressure channels does not have a constant value. In a private house, draining can occur periodically, where the drain will be unloaded most of the time, so data on the flow area and its speed over a period of time are used.

Ultrasonic and electromagnetic flowmeters are used to measure velocity in non-pressure closed channels. Specific models are selected depending on the diameter of the pipeline.

Waste water metering unit

A wastewater metering unit is a set of means for measuring wastewater consumption, a well, for placing metering devices and their Maintenance, and the pipe section on which the measurements are made. Measuring instruments consist of a primary transducer (sensor) and a secondary transducer, in which the processing, storage and display of the measured information takes place. The well is built specifically for this section of the pipeline. The pipeline must be straight in the section of effluent measurements.

Before choosing the type of flow meter, it is necessary to assess the need and feasibility of installing a meter and select a location for mounting the device.

When installing a metering station in an individual building, the place should be chosen up to the connection point with the public sewer.

When choosing measuring instruments, the device must record the values ​​of the flow rate of wastewater in the entire range of flow rates for the existing diameter of the pipeline. The measurement accuracy must be high, an error of no more than 5% is allowed. The accounting system should accumulate all information, provide information on the total accumulative volume, periods of measurements and downtime. The power supply of the flowmeter must be uninterrupted with a spare power supply.

The section of the pipeline where the meter is installed must be straight. The flow meter should be located in the lowest part of the individual sewer network, where the maximum filling of the pipeline is located.

Each node requires a project, which is agreed with the departments and organizations serving the sewer networks. After receiving all permits and completing the project, a contract for subscription services is concluded.

Video

Ultrasonic wastewater flowmeter in action:

Commercial accounting of wastewater has importance and the requirements for its organization are determined by the Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 12, 1999 No. 167 “On approval of the Rules for the use of public water supply and sewerage systems in the Russian Federation” and of April 10, 2007 N 219 “On approval of the Regulations on the implementation of state monitoring of water bodies” , as well as the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated 8.07. 2009 N 205 “On approval of the Procedure for keeping records of the volume of withdrawal (withdrawal) by the owners of water bodies and water users water resources from water bodies and the volume of wastewater and (or) drainage water discharge, their quality”.

Waste water is water polluted by domestic waste and industrial waste, as well as water resulting from precipitation precipitation within the territories of settlements and industrial facilities. Wastewater is removed from these areas through sewerage systems.

Sewerage is a complex of engineering structures, equipment and sanitary measures that ensure the collection and disposal of polluted wastewater, as well as their purification and neutralization before disposal or discharge into water bodies. Distinguish between internal and external sewerage. The internal one is located inside buildings and structures and serves to collect and discharge wastewater into the external sewer network. Here wastewater is transported outside populated areas and industrial facilities. Elements of internal sewerage are sanitary appliances, branches, risers and outlets from buildings, external - gravity and pressure pipelines, sewer pumping stations(KNS) and treatment facilities.

Under the sewerage system, it is customary to understand the joint or separate disposal of three categories of wastewater - domestic, industrial and storm water. Sewerage systems are common and separate. The essence is clear from the names: with a combined system, all three categories of wastewater are discharged through one common network of pipes and channels, with a separate system, rain and conditionally clean industrial waters are removed through one network, and domestic and industrial - through another.

Of course, a wastewater disposal company (usually Vodokanal) cannot do this for free. Therefore, citizens, enterprises and organizations pay for water disposal services in the same way as they pay for water supply services - in proportion to the volume of water removed. But how to measure and take into account this volume?

The traditional method of accounting for wastewater is to compare its volume with the volume of water consumption. The logic here is simple: water that enters through the plumbing will certainly end up in the sewer. The volume of water consumption is simply and habitually measured by a water meter, i.e. all the data for the calculation is there. For the residential sector, this calculation is quite correct. For businesses, usually not. Consider examples. Part of the water received from the recorded sources was drunk, used for industrial purposes, for cooking in canteens, for irrigation of territories, for washing equipment, cooling, etc. In this case, the volume of wastewater is reduced, as a rule, by 10–30% of the volume of water received water. What if it's the other way around? - Was the water delivered or taken from unaccounted sources? Then the volume of wastewater will exceed the volume of water consumption recorded by the meter, and here it is necessary to apply a multiplying factor.

From the above examples, it is clear that for all its cheapness (there are no costs for organizing accounting for the actual effluents), this method is very approximate and does not take into account the characteristics of the consumer, which can affect the ratio "consumption / effluents" quite seriously, both in one and in the other side. Do not forget also that not only consumed cold, but also consumed hot water. Their suppliers are usually different organizations (Vodokanal and Heating network), while the effluents "go" entirely to Vodokanal. Rainwater, imported water, water that went into the ground during pipeline accidents, drained "past" the sewer, evaporated water - there are quite a few "disturbing" factors, and therefore the "consumption / wastewater" method more or less normally works only for "small" consumers with " traditional "use of water. In other cases, it is necessary to organize instrumental accounting of wastewater. Moreover, as can be understood from the foregoing, in some cases such accounting will be beneficial to the party that "drains", in some cases - to the one that is engaged in wastewater disposal. But in any case, instrumental accounting will be objective and “transparent”. Let's see how to organize it.

As mentioned above, wastewater in sewerage systems is transported through pressure or non-pressure pipelines. In the first case, water is pumped by pumps, in the second case, it goes through the pipes "by gravity". Measuring the volume of pressure drains is a problem solved long ago. There are a large number of instruments used to measure both incoming water and waste water.

A more difficult task is to account for non-pressure drains. Here we have an open channel or unfilled pipe, through which water flows under the influence of gravity at a low speed. For such cases, a variable level method has been developed, when a level gauge is used as a flow meter, which converts “level to flow” taking into account information about the measuring section. As such a section, Venturi and Parshal trays built into the channel or weirs are used, the dimensions of which are standardized and for which the conversion formulas "level-flow" are semi-empirically obtained. This method also works in non-pressure pipelines or U-shaped channels, and in these cases, trays and weirs are not needed. Level measurement is carried out, as a rule, by ultrasonic level gauges. An example of such devices are the flow meters "SIGNUR", "RISE", etc. The method is regulated by the following documents of the State Standard:

• MI 2220-96 “Waste liquid flow in non-pressure pipelines. Methodology for performing measurements”;
• MI 2406-97 “Fluid consumption in non-pressure channels of water supply and sewerage systems.

Methodology for performing measurements using standard weirs and flumes.

Claims to this method arise mainly due to its “non-obviousness”, and the starting point here is the results of a preliminary calculation of the pressure-flow characteristic of a flume, spillway or pipeline. The accuracy of this calculation determines the accuracy further work device. At the same time, the main reason for the increasing error of the Parshall and Venturi flumes is their gradual destruction, and the possibility of their repair and verification, as a rule, is impossible, because to do this, it is necessary to stop the work of treatment facilities. As for the flowmeters "SIGNUR", "Take off", then in order to determine the characteristics of a free-flow pipeline or a U-shaped channel, it is necessary to experimentally measure the fluid flow rate at a known filling level. Such a measurement is sometimes made “by eye”, using a wristwatch and a chip thrown into the channel, i.e. the error of the experiment is simply breathtaking. Another calculation method is using the Chezy formula, in which parameters such as the construction slope of the pipeline and the wall roughness coefficient appear. Here the problem lies in the fact that both slope and roughness are, so to speak, "theoretical" parameters. The actual slope may not correspond to what is indicated in the design documentation for the sewerage system, and the wall roughness coefficient, for obvious reasons, changes during the operation of the pipeline. Be that as it may, the results preliminary calculations entered into the device and fully determine its accuracy. A more serious problem is the occurrence of backwater in the channel, which is inevitable in sewers, as well as silting of channels. At the same time, the actual consumption characteristics are very different from those entered in the device. An error in the initial data leads to unreliability of accounting, and in many cases this unreliability may not be “fixed”. An additional factor affecting the reliability of measurements of such devices is changes in temperature, pressure, humidity, heavy precipitation, evaporation, fog, as well as wave and foam formation on the flow surface.

More modern and correct effluent metering devices work on the principle of "area-velocity". These devices carry out direct measurement level and flow rate. Geometric parameters The channels are stored in the instrument's memory in advance: using this data and real-time information about the fill level, the instrument calculates the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow at a given time and, multiplying it by the measured average velocity, calculates the flow and volume of wastewater.

Devices of this type include:

1) Flowmeters such as "ISCO -4250", ADFM, "ADS 3600", "NIVUS", "SIGMA", "Piton", in which the sensor installed on the bottom measures the flow velocity using ultrasonic Doppler location, and the flow level is measured using ultrasound , hydrostatic or piezometric method. For ultrasonic Doppler level gauges, there are a number of limitations - the flow must be laminar, the level of silt and other deposits in the channel must not exceed the level of the emitters of the flow velocity sensor mounted on the bottom of the channel. Installation of these devices on operated channels with a high level of filling and a high flow rate is very difficult. The devices do not directly measure the average flow rate, which introduces an additional error in calculating the flow rate. Wedge jet flow, which is often encountered in real conditions, also introduces an additional error in measuring the flow velocity.

2) Submillimeter wavelength range. The device is installed above the liquid surface in the channel. The level is measured by an ultrasonic level gauge. It has performance limitations in heavy precipitation, evaporation, fog, waviness and foaming on the surface of the flow, is inoperable when the channel overflows, which is often found when the device is installed in wells.

3) Electromagnetic flowmeters type ISCO UniMagTM 4402. Measurement of the average flow velocity in electrically conductive liquids is carried out by measuring the induced EMF in the electromagnetic coil of the device, the flow level is measured by hydrostatic methods. Requires embedding in the channel, i.e. additional construction work with the decommissioning of the collector. The channel cross section is limited to a diameter of 2 m. Increase the measurement error sludge and other pollution on the bottom and walls of the channel.

4) Flow meter-counter of non-pressure flows "STREAM". The flow level is determined by the angle of deviation from the vertical of the lever with a float suspended above the flow and floating freely on its surface. Measurement of the average flow velocity is carried out by measuring the angle of deviation from the vertical of the blade (pipe section), suspended above the flow (like a pendulum) and freely lowered into the flow. The deflection angle is a function of the flow rate, flow level, blade width and mass.

The STREAM flow meter is the only one of the devices that directly measures the average flow rate. In the device, in addition to the suspension with vertical movement of the sensitive elements of the level and speed transducers, a rotary device is introduced in horizontal plane, which ensures the correct measurement of the parameters of not only laminar, but also turbulent flow, incl. under conditions of wedge-jet flow. The blade of the speed converter due to two degrees of freedom in the suspension is automatically set to a balanced state in the flow, i.e. to the equilibrium of all forces acting on it. The flow rate in this place is maximum. The blade, along its entire profile, is integrally affected by all the components of the force of the vertical flow velocity diagram, which provides an unambiguous high-precision measurement of the average flow velocity. The device provides stable operation during precipitation of any intensity, waves and foaming on the surface of the flow, overflows and flow backwaters, changes in temperature and pressure of the environment.

It should be clearly understood that the non-pressure flow metering unit consists of two components that affect the measurement error and correctness: installed device accounting and the actual channel in the measurement area. The total error of the non-pressure flow metering unit is determined by the instrumental error of the flow meter, the measurement method, and the errors associated with the measuring section of the channel at the location of the device. The main errors of the channel include: the error in measuring its geometric dimensions, the presence of solid silt deposits on the bottom of the channel, the uneven geometry and slope of the channel in the measurement zone, the presence of turning sections and side drains in the measurement zone, as well as surface drains of the liquid. Additional factors may be freezing of the liquid in the channel, the presence of icefalls when installing devices in wells, etc. Unfortunately, the state of sewer networks does not always meet the necessary requirements. Therefore, a large share of the responsibility for the correct measurement lies with the operating organization; strict adherence to the rules and requirements of operational documentation is required.

Wastewater accounting is an urgent and complex task today, and it can be solved different methods. Pressure systems have their problems, but they are less obvious. As for non-pressure, here we can draw the following conclusions.

For consumers with a small volume of effluents and a stable ratio of consumed and waste water, a calculation based on the volume of water consumed has the right to life.

For larger consumers with non-obvious or changing parameter "consumption / wastewater", as well as for consumers discharging water obtained from different, incl. Unaccounted sources require instrumental accounting. The cheapest flow meters, such as "SIGNUR" and "VZLET" use the measurement of the liquid level in the channel and the calculated pressure characteristics of this channel to determine the flow rate. However, savings on the purchase of the device can result in big losses when paying for drains, especially when backwaters and siltation of the canal. Devices operating on the “area-velocity” principle will cost much more, but here the measurement results will be more objective, and payments for drains will be real. Among these devices, the most affordable is the STREAM flow meter, made in Russia, the rest of the devices are manufactured abroad and have a cost of 700,000 rubles.

"Water supply and sanitary engineering"

No. 4 for 1999

(With additions in 2001)

MEANS OF ACCOUNTING IN SEWER SYSTEMS.
THREE METHODS FOR MEASURING WASTEWATER FLOW.

M.N.Shafranovsky, director of the firm "SIGNUR"

candidate of technical sciences

A.V. Ozerov, chief metrologist base organization
metrological service of MGP “Mosvodokanal” (SMNU)

At present, in connection with the transition of enterprises to market relations, the problems of accounting in sewerage systems have become especially relevant.

Since the cost of 1 m 3 of wastewater in different regions ranges from 5 to 15 rubles, the payment for waste water is a very significant amount in the budget of enterprises, and due to the imperfection of the system for calculating the amount of payments, enterprises often incur serious losses.

The most common method for counting the number of effluents is the method that relates the volume of wastewater with the volume of water consumption. Moreover, the ratio in different regions ranges from 0.7 to 1. However, the consumed water is often spent on non-production needs (for example, watering the territory of an enterprise) and does not enter the sewer. In addition, as a result of accidents in water supply network enterprises, a large amount of water goes into the soil. Therefore, as practice shows, organization of wastewater accounting allows you to save up to 20% of funds.

The firm "SIGNUR" specializes in the development and production of devices accounting for water supply and sewerage systems. We offer technical means to implement three methods of wastewater accounting.

The first method allows you to organize accounting in open channels. This method was developed by VNIIVODGEO for measuring water flow in open rectangular sewers. The measurement procedure is described in Guidelines MI 2406-97. The method is based on measuring the water level in the cross section of the channel and converting it into an instantaneous flow rate.

Fig.1. Scheme of installing an acoustic transducer for measuring flow in an open channel
1- acoustic transducer; 2 - channel; 3 - measuring tray (weir); 4 - waste water

The second method allows you to organize accounting in free-flow pipelines of round cross section and U-shaped trays. This method was developed by NII KVOV. The measurement procedure is described in the Guidelines MI 2220-96. In accordance with this technique, the head-flow characteristic of a pipeline or U-shaped tray is calculated on the basis of experimental data.

Fig.2. Scheme of installation of an acoustic transducer for measuring flow in a non-pressure pipeline 1 - acoustic transducer; 2 - sound guide; 3 - pipeline; 4 - waste water

To implement these methods, SIGNUR has developed and is producing an ultrasonic flowmeter "ECHO-R-01". The device is designed to measure the volume of a flowing liquid, including waste water, in open channels up to 4 m wide and up to 3 m deep, equipped with standard measuring trays, and in non-pressure pipelines with a diameter of 0.1 to 3 m.

The principle of operation consists in non-contact measurement of the level of the liquid flowing in the conduit, its conversion into an instantaneous flow rate and subsequent integration.

The device includes an acoustic transducer AP-11 or AP-13 and an electronic unit PPI-R.

Flow meter output- indications of the liquid crystal display.

Additionally, the display can show the following information:

Working hours;

• contents of archives (for 30 days; for 24 hours; accounting breaks);

device has an additional output signal 0 - 5, 0 - 20, 4 - 20 mA DC, which serves to indicate the instantaneous flow rate, as well as the ability to output information to a computer

When measuring flow in open channels, the acoustic transducer is installed above the tray, when measuring flow in non-pressure pipelines, it is placed in a special sound duct and connected by a cable up to 100 m long to an electronic unit that is installed in a heated room.

Graduation is carried out according to the documentation for the device of the tray or conduit provided by the customer. In the absence of measuring trays in open conduits, the company's specialists can develop documentation for their manufacture in accordance with MI 2122-90.

Metrological verification is carried out according to MI 2251-93 once a year.

• Basic error, % + 3
• Output signal reading LCD
• Supply voltage, V 220
• Ambient temperature, o C:

For acoustic transducer -30 - +50

For electronic unit 5 - 50

The flow meter is registered in the State Register of Measuring Instruments under No. 16462-97

The device "ECHO-R-01" is the only flow meter manufactured in the CIS that allows you to organize automatic accounting of waste water in open channels and non-pressure pipelines.

in open channels, you must do the following:

• determine the geometric dimensions of a rectangular channel;
• determine the geometric dimensions of the measuring flume or weir. With absence measuring devices in the channel to design and install them;
• calculate the pressure-flow characteristics of the tray (weir) in accordance with MI 2406-97;
• install the flowmeter in accordance with Fig.1;

For organizing wastewater accounting in non-pressure pipes and U-channels, the following steps must be taken:

• determine the geometric dimensions of a free-flow pipeline or U-shaped tray;
• to simultaneously measure the speed of the flow of water using a measuring turntable and the filling level of the conduit;
• based on the measurement results, calculate the pressure-flow characteristics of the pipeline (U-shaped tray) in accordance with MI 2220-96. It is allowed to calculate the pressure-flow characteristics of the pipeline (U-shaped tray), taking into account the construction slope and wall material. However, the bias indicated in construction documentation, often does not coincide with the real one, and the roughness coefficient of the pipeline walls changes during operation. Therefore, this method of calculation gives less accurate results than the experimental one;
• to program the device;
• carry out installation in accordance with Fig. 2;
• connect the flow meter and hand over the metering unit to the supervisory authorities.

Devices of the "ECHO-R" type are being introduced into industrial enterprises Russia and the CIS since 1994. During this time, more than 800 devices have been manufactured and installed in all regions of Russia. Economic effect from their implementation is obvious. The payback period for the creation of a metering unit, as a rule, ranges from 2 weeks to 2 months. The reliability of the operation of the devices depends on the qualifications of the specialists who install the metering unit and its operation. Subject to necessary requirements devices work reliably for many years. For example: since 1995, ECHO-R flowmeters have been operating without repair at the facilities of MUP Vodokanal, Novovoronezh, since 1996, MUP Vodokanal, Podolsk. At the facilities of the MGP Mosvodokanal, the introduction of ECHO-R flow meters began in 1997. The first metering unit was installed by the specialists of the SMNU MGP “Mosvodokanal” and the company “SIGNUR” at the Rublevsky sewer collector, in 1998 - at the Dolgoprudnensky collector. At present, the MSE “Mosvodokanal” has adopted the Program for the creation of a system for accounting for the flow of wastewater entering the Moscow sewerage system from settlements in the Moscow region. In 2000, Vodokanal of St. Petersburg adopted the Program for Organizing Wastewater Accounting at All Industrial Enterprises of the City.

The third method allows you to organize accounting in pressure systems. For this purpose, SIGNUR has developed and manufactures an ultrasonic flow meter with attached emitters "AKRON-01". designed to measure volume flow and quantity of sound-conducting liquids, including waste water.

The principle of operation of "AKRON-01" is to measure the difference in the time of ultrasonic wave propagation along the flow and against the flow of the controlled liquid, recalculate it into an instantaneous flow rate, and then integrate it.

The device includes a primary converter PP-1 and an electronic unit BE-1, connected by a radio frequency cable. PP-1 consists of two ultrasonic emitters and a device for mounting them on a pipe. PP-1 is installed on a straight section of the pipeline on the outer surface, cleaned of dirt, paint and rust.

Fig.3. Diagram of AKRON-01 installation for measuring flow in a pressure pipeline

The flow meter has a liquid crystal display, which displays the following information:

• current measured values:

The volume of the flowing liquid;

Instantaneous flow rate;

Flow rates;

Working hours;

• contents of archives (for 30 days, for 24 hours; accounting breaks);
• indication of the acoustic channel setting during installation;
• diagnostic messages about malfunctions.

Output signal flow meter - 0-5, 0-20, 4-20 mA direct current, which determines a directly proportional dependence on the measured flow. Information can be output to a computer via the built-in RS-232 interface.

• Nominal diameter of the pipeline, mm 40 - 2000
• Upper limits of measured flow ranges, m 3 /h 10 - 40000
• Basic error, %

For volume flow measurement + 1.5

When measuring quantity + 2

• Temperature, o C:

controlled environment -10 - +180

air surrounding BE-1 5 - 50

• AC power supply, V 220
• Calibration interval, years 2

The flow meter is registered in the State Register of Measuring Instruments under No. 20711-00.

UPPER LIMITS FOR MEASURABLE COSTS
AND A SERIES OF NOMINAL PIPELINE PASSAGE DIAMETERS