Department of Physical Electronics
Directions of research and development
Semiconductor microphotoelectronics, thermal imaging devices.
Night vision devices and devices based on them.
Basic organizations and laboratories
Open Joint Stock Company NPO Orion, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation.
general information
The Department of Physical Electronics, as the base department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology at NII 801 (Scientific Research Institute of Applied Physics, NII PF), was created in development of the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 08/01/1961 (No. 694-291) and the order of the Chairman of the State Committee for Defense technique of the USSR from 12.08. 1961 No. 392 with the aim of training highly qualified specialists for the rapidly developing industries of quantum electronics and photoelectronics.
At present SSC "NPO "Orion" is the only State Scientific Center for Photoelectronics in Russia. Among the scientists of the Center are Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctors and Candidates of Sciences, laureates of State Prizes, Honored Workers of Science of the Russian Federation, Honored Designers of the Russian Federation, Honored Chemists of the Russian Federation. The SSC has a postgraduate course and a doctoral dissertation council. More than 300 types of devices with world-class parameters have been developed and introduced into mass production. These devices are intended for use in fiber-optic information transmission systems, thermal imaging, ranging, image recognition systems, electro-optical instrumentation, laser location systems, photometry, spectroscopy for use in science, space, industry, medicine, geology, military affairs and etc.
Main specialization of the department - semiconductor microphotoelectronics, thermal imaging devices, night vision devices and devices based on them. The employees of the department are also the heads of the Center and its divisions, which ensures the flexibility and relevance of the topics of the department.
The development of science and technology leads to the need to create fundamentally new photoelectronic devices that differ not only in new design solutions, but also in the physical phenomena that are used in them. The main task in this area is the search and development of ways to master the entire optical range of the spectrum and achieve device parameters that are close to ideal, i.e., limited by fundamental physical reasons.
In recent years, photodetectors of the line and matrix type with a large number of elements have acquired particular importance for recording and transmitting images. The solution of such a problem by traditional methods is associated with enormous technical difficulties. Now fundamentally new devices are being used for these purposes more and more widely, for example, based on charge transfer, etc. A complete solution of this problem will make it possible to realize "vision" in any part of the optical range, in particular in the infrared region of 8-14 μm, in which the maximum lies thermal radiation of bodies with a temperature close to room temperature.
Department training courses
4 course
1. Methods of applied physical analysis
2. Optical radiation receivers
3. Physical basis of the operation of the image signal conditioner
5 course
1. Technology of optoelectronic devices
2. Imaging signal generation
3. Special chapters of physical electronics
6 course
1. Economics of research and development work
2. Seminar on physical electronics
Contacts for operational communication
Deputy Head of Department
Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Dirochka Alexander Ivanovich
The Venera-8 spacecraft is visible in the background. On it and on Luna-9 I will have two separate posts. Painfully interesting was the path to landing on these celestial bodies.
But I cannot but quote Vladimir Ermolaev, who in his book "The Tale of the Buranov Regiment ..." gave a more descriptive description of the lunar expedition. I will quote a few passages. In general, I highly advise you to read his book. -- H-1 was a very large rocket. "Heavy". To explore the moon. Or rather, “to catch up with the Americans” in terms of “first steps” on the moon. That is, the H-1 was supposed to deliver the so-called “lunar” to the moon. With our astronauts. And here begins the very “Circus” described by Lenin ... Due to the economy, it is not clear why, either due to multiple redundancy of systems, or due to a lack of traction characteristics of the carrier, or for other reasons - it’s hard to say but... But! The crew of the lunar expedition of the Soviet Union consisted of TWO people ... And when entering the lunar orbit, one remained in the main ship and cut circles around the Moon, and the second - “into one!” in the descent vehicle it was supposed to “land” on the surface of this very Moon ... “Lunnik” is a device designed to land on the surface of the Moon. It consists of a capsule with an astronaut, which stands on a platform, and this platform is on legs. Well, like a flying saucer in science fiction films and pictures. Total - the height of the capsule on the paws - about 4 meters from the surface level. Lunar. The capsule - the astronaut's compartment - is an egg. Inside this egg, an astronaut sits in a bent, shriveled form. Although - "sitting" - this is too much. Let's just say - "located" ... Do you imagine a child inside your pregnant mother? More or less like this. Or rather, exactly so. Toko the child still does not think - where and how to shit, piss. He doesn’t think about it, he still doesn’t know what “thinking” is ... and what “fear” is, she is also “bzda”, she is also “fear of closed space”, she is ... “Lunnik” softly (boom hopefully) lands on the surface of the moon. The task of the “egg-author” is to twist the locking device to the side of himself, after which the hatch of this “egg” will be thrown away. There will be a lunar steppe in the hatch. And there, in the distance - a small Earth. There is your house... And there is a holy place - a toilet. With a fresh issue of Krasnaya Zvezda. There is no better material for wiping than Red Star. There is specially soft newsprint. Both for the purpose of rolling cigarettes in the Soviet Army, and for wiping. Such a good newspaper. Then - oh my God ... Then you need to pull out from under you ... ROPE LADDER !!! And throw it into the Moon... After that, try to get out of the hatch with your ass forward, find this rope ladder and go down it to the surface of the Moon. ..What to immediately report to Earth in the prescribed form. Type - "the task of the party and the government is completed." Then try to take a picture of yourself against the backdrop of a lunar landscape. Otherwise, everyone there will not believe ... Scoop up lunar soil, put up a pennant with a portrait of Lenin ... Well, who else? Then inspect the “lunar” for technical condition. Oil level, spark plugs and other shock absorbers... If necessary, replace... A couple more phrases to Earth about "well-being", "great achievement of Soviet science", the benefits of socialism... running out, it's time to go home. The whole lunar excursion is an hour, well, two at most. What else is there to do. ONE? Then - the reverse procedure for climbing into the "egg" on a rope ladder ... Unfasten the ladder - and throw the fuck out. To the moon. Shrink into four deaths. Close the hatch. Ready for launch... Start the engine, break away from the Moon, enter lunar orbit, dock with the main ship, go to the commander's compartment and - the way home.[...]Only a biorobot could perform the Soviet Lunar expedition. What were all of the first detachment of astronauts. Well, or almost all... At that stage of space exploration, they had one flight mission. Namely - do not touch anything in the spacecraft. Sit and do not beat... You will receive an order. And the next (or through one) military rank. And the supercar of the Volga system. The first step on another planet, made "IN ONE" - a catastrophic shock, a tsunami on an emotional level, a psychophysical earthquake ... Don't you think so? Do you have children? Would you like to send your child ALONE to the moon? Don’t be afraid, they will prepare him, give diapers and even a spacesuit ... Well, what’s there ... Well, how? I told you about the war, now tell me something about the N-1 ... - So, what to tell ... Well, this ... My telemetry worked fine. The engines were not there ... All four launches - over the hill ... - Only engines? - Well, yes ... - Well, if it had flown, would we have been great? In the sense - the country, the moon, space, cheers? - Fuck knows ... - How is it? - Oh, well, her on HUJ ... This H-1 ...
15.
29. And there were regular classes in the room.
It was very interesting. Such a living touch to the iron, which was made for space flights. Yes, there is still a lot of interesting things behind the scenes, but alas. To see this, you need to become a student of this department. :)
Created in 1930.
The department was headed by acad. P.P. Lazarev (1930), professors I.I. Vasiliev (1930-1941), K.A. Putilov (1941-1949), honored. worker of science and technology of the RSFSR, prof. M.F. Shirokov (1949-1971), Assoc. I.I. Semenov (1971-1973), prof. B.V. Alekseev (1973-1981), Assoc. V.M. Anisimov (1981-1982), laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, prof. F.A.Nikolaev (1982-1990). Since 1991, the department has been headed by prof. G.G. Spirin.
Currently, the department has 125 employees, including 71 teachers, including 5 professors, doctors of sciences and 30 associate professors, candidates of sciences.
The department graduates up to 15 specialists annually.
The main course for students of the daytime and evening departments of the MAI and its branches is the general course of physics. By specialty" Applied Mathematics"The department organized more than 10 courses and seminars on the use of mathematical methods and computers in the study of special problems of theoretical and applied physics.
Leading lecturers: professors N.B. Vargaftik, V.F. Kozhevnikov, V.A. Kotelnikov, G.G. Spirin, V.S. Yargin, associate professors V.M. Anisimov, V.I. , N.A. Vanicheva, E.P. Vaulin, V.S. Vinogradov, N.F. Guslyakova, S.D. Landau, V.M. Razorenov, L.I. Rudakova, I.I. Semenov, E .L. Studnikov, K.B. Yurkevich.
The department has a display class for laboratory work, a modern laboratory workshop. The department together with VSNPO "Soyuzuchpribor" developed standard laboratory workshops: " Wave processes", "electricity and magnetism", "Molecular physics and thermodynamics", "The quantum physics"(Head Professor F.A. Nikolaev).
Textbook K.A. Putilova " Physics course"(in three volumes, M.: Fizmatgiz, 1963) withstood 7 reprints.
Main directions of scientific research :
- theoretical and experimental foundations of plasma physics, including the study of electrical probes and mathematical modeling in problems of electrodynamics (headed by prof. V.A. Kotelnikov);
- study of hollow cathodes, spectroscopic diagnostics of gases and low-temperature plasma, spectral analysis, mathematical modeling of plasma (headed by Assoc. Prof. E.P. Vaulin);
- thermophysical properties of substances, including: the study of heat capacity, viscosity, thermodynamic properties, equations of state, thermal insulation, thermophysical properties of solutions of liquid alkali metals (headed by professors N.B. Vargaftik, V.S. Yargin, G.G. Spirin, Assoc. V.M. Anisimov); "Calculation program
transfer and thermodynamic properties of vapors of binary solutions
alkali metals. Sidorov N.I., dots.k.801" - theoretical and experimental foundations of the general theory of relativity, in particular, measurements of the anisotropy of the speed of light in a gravitational field using a laser interferometer (headed by prof. F.A. Nikolaev (until 1990), senior researcher G.N. Izmailov);
- the passage of charged particles through various substances and channeling (headed by Assoc. Prof. V.S. Vinogradov).
The results of the scientific work of the department are reflected in monographs:
- Alekseev B.V. Mathematical cybernetics of reacting gases. M.: Nauka, 1982;
- Alekseev B.V., Kotelnikov V.A. Probe methods for plasma diagnostics. M.: Energoatomizdat, 1988;
- Vargaftik N.B. Handbook on thermophysical properties of gases and liquids. M.: Nauka, 1963, 1972;
- A Handbook on the Thermal Physical Properties of Substances / Ed. N.B. Vargaftika. M.: Energoizdat, 1955;
- Vargaftik N.B. Thermal conductivity of gases and liquids. M.: Publishing house of standards, 1970;
- Thermal conductivity of gases and liquids / N.B. Vargaftik, L.P. Filippov, A.A. Tarzimanov, R.P. Yurchakov. M.: Publishing house of standards, 1970;
- Striganov A.R., Odintsova G.A. Tables of spectral lines of atoms, ions. M.: Energy, 1982; Shirokov M.F.
- Physical foundations of gas dynamics and its application to heat transfer and friction processes. M.: Fizmatgiz, 1958;
- Vargatik N.B. and Yargin V.S. Thrmal conductivity and viscosity of the Gaseons Phase. Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Propirties of Alkali Metals. Blakwell Scientific Publications, 1985.
More than 50 candidates and 6 doctors of sciences have been trained at the department. Doctors of Sciences: L.D. Volyak (1972), V.A. Kotelnikov (1984), V.S. Yargin (1984), G.G. Spirin (1988), V.F. Kozhevnikov (1990), Yu. K. Vinogradov (1991).
For the study of the thermophysical properties of water vapor and alkali metals at parameters close to critical, prof. N.B. Vargaftik was awarded the State Prize of the USSR in 1950 and the Prize of the Council of Ministers in 1987.
The frequency-stabilized helium-neon laser created at the department was awarded the silver medal of VDNKh of the USSR in 1986 (headed by senior researcher G.N. Izmailov).
Laboratory workshop " electricity and magnetism", developed at the department under the scientific and methodological guidance of Prof. F.A. Nikolaev together with VSNPO "Soyuzuchpribor", was awarded VDNH silver medal USSR in 1988.