The constant impact of precipitation on the integrity of the foundation can lead to negative consequences. The foundation gets wet, damp, eroded, overgrown with mold, and moisture rises to the upper floors. Doors swell, warp, ice appears on the adjacent territory. To avoid such problems, it is extremely necessary to drain water from the foundation of the house. Drainage is required during the construction of a residential building to calculate the angle of inclination, the selection of materials, and the calculation of the depth of the elements of the drainage system.
Regardless of the execution, the principle of operation of any drainage system is to collect water and transport it to a designated place.
Types of drainage systems
To protect the base of the building from precipitation and melt water are used different designs drainage and are combined into one system. These include: blind area, drain, vertical wells, drainage systems.
blind area
In the case of an average non-critical rainfall rate per year in a certain place, the foundation is protected using a blind area. Usually it is made of concrete, but storage devices can also be arranged. Each of the options allows you to drain water from the blind area of \u200b\u200bthe house to a safe distance, in accordance with its width.
The blind area must meet the appropriate quality characteristics:
it should protrude 25-30 cm compared to the roof;
its installation is required around the entire circumference of the house;
it is necessary to install a slight slope (less than 5 degrees), which will ensure the drainage of water in the other direction from the walls of the house;
the blind area should be bedding (from crushed stone, gravel) and a concrete coating.
If the soil moisture is low and there is little precipitation, then the blind area will cope with the removal of water from the foundation
drain
The drainage system also helps to protect the foundation from excess water. Without it, the mass of precipitation will go to the foot of the building, will flood the walls, wash away the foundation. Because of this, the surface of the walls becomes moldy, and the wooden components rot.
Installing a drain, which consists of gutters and pipes, helps to optimally secure the home from the overhead water flow. The main task is to divert water to a sufficient distance from the base of the building. For this use:
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public or private sewerage;
storage collector;
containers for watering garden beds.
drainage well;
Gutter collects water from the roof and diverts it away from the foundation
Vertical wells
For this option of drainage, it is required to drill vertical wells in the form of a five-meter well. A rail is inserted into it, wrapped with geotextile.
The rake is covered with gravel, the mouth of the well is closed with crushed stone and geomaterial. Then all elements of the system are masked with turf. Such wells in the most flooded places help to reduce the level ground water and rapid drainage of large puddles.
The use of vertical wells in the construction of a house in places in places with large quantity ground water
On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of designing and repairing the foundation. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Drainage systems
The drainage system is a more costly and time-consuming method, but more efficient. It is required to study the terrain, the angle of inclination, the expected load (based on this, the material is selected).
The drainage system includes three types:
layered - it is used very often, it is laid under the entire territory of the building in the form of a sand, crushed stone, gravel "cushion";
internal drainage - pipes laid under the basement of the building or under the entire foundation, and then leading to the well;
external drainage - located around the circumference of the building and includes trenches, pipes to direct water into the well.
External drainage has two types:
Open drainage system - a ditch is dug around the circumference. The method is cheap, efficient, but the aesthetics leave much to be desired.
closed system- at the bottom of the dug trenches lay sand, crushed stone. Then pipes are laid there leading to a well or drain, wrapped with geofabric, masked with turf.
A good drainage system for draining water from the foundation of the house is designed along with the design of the house itself
How to divert melt and storm water from the foundation
Seasonal formations of surface water are eliminated by complex actions, including:
roof drainage system;
blind area;
drainage system.
A drain from the roof is needed to combine water flows after rain and snow melt. Before the water is diverted from the roof away from the house, water flows are redirected to storm drains under the gutters.
The removal of melt and storm water from the base is performed by an annular drainage. Such drainage involves trenches with pipes directed to the sewer.
Integrated water drainage system
Groundwater diversion
Only the drainage system of the foundation, which is recommended to be installed before the construction of the house, will help protect the base of the building and drain water.
Removal of groundwater from the house with a deep drainage system, more suitable for areas with high groundwater levels. It is designed by professional specialists according to the following plan:
the soil of the area for placement is being studied;
the level of groundwater rise for the period of rains and snowmelt is determined;
the estimated load on the drainage system is calculated, taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bwater collection;
relief slopes are determined to perform gravity flow.
Deep lead groundwater performed by perforated drainage pipes. There is a valve in the well that does not allow backflow waste water into the drain.
Foundation drainage installation
Foundation drainage: varieties and features
Under difficult hydrogeological conditions of the area underground part buildings are protected by three types drainage location:
wall-mounted - for houses with a basement and ground floor;
ring - for houses with all rooms above ground level;
reservoir - for slab foundation below the waterproof layer.
The wall drainage system is located underground along the wall.
The ring drainage is located at a distance of 1.5-3 m from the walls. At the bends, the pipe is rounded or has a manhole. Typically, the system is placed around the entire circumference of the building, but there are exceptions.
Formation drainage surrounds the pipeline ring, and a layered drainage pad is located under the slab.
Reservoir drainage is equipped even before the foundation is poured
Drainage materials
When designing a drainage mechanism essential has a calculation of the degree of load on the drainage elements. Under heavy load plastic materials may not withstand, so concrete execution will be more reliable. Execution of wells, gutters, channels from concrete is capable of withstanding 90 tons of pressure.
The use of cast-iron protective gratings on gutters for drainage prolongs their service life. The material for rain inlets located around the circumference of the building is selected based on the degree of operational load.
The pipeline is laid along the perimeter of the building in trenches with a drainage layer.
Drainage pipes may have a corrugated or smooth surface. A smooth coating helps with good throughput for enhanced drainage, and a corrugated pipe gives rigidity, and hence strength, to the pipeline.
What is the drainage system for removing rainwater from the house
Technology for installing drainage from the foundation of the house
The installation of the drainage system begins with the creation of its schematic image. All elements are indicated on the terrain plan, primarily the pipeline. It should be located around the perimeter of the entire building and the entire local area. Professional system installation teams often install piping in a herringbone pattern.
First note the location autonomous sewerage or a well where water will be directed. From this point to the building there is a straight line of the main drainage pipe. The line is connected to a circle of pipes covering the entire perimeter of the foundation. Then branches follow from the main line, which forms a long and branched pipeline system.
Video description
Visually about the drainage of the foundation and how to arrange it, see the video:
Additional water collection methods
As additional method to protect the foundation from the watercourse, a lawn with tall, dense vegetation is used. With a strong root system, this grassy layer does not allow water to soak top soil, it contributes to the delay and removal of water flow. It could be decorative ornament landscape, but of all the options for how to divert water from the foundation of an already built house, this is the least effective.
In heavily flooded areas, the usual method of diverting water may not be enough. In this case, a combination of vertical and horizontal drainage is used (trenches are laid, wells are drilled).
Video description
Some more useful information about drainage, see the video:
Conclusion
Having studied the features of all drainage systems, you can choose the most suitable option for your situation. The main task is to determine the diversion of what water needs to be performed: melted and storm water or groundwater.
Drainage around the house is necessary condition for the long term use of the building. If the drainage system on the site functions correctly, you can avoid a number of problems with excess moisture, leading to flooding of the territory and wetting of vegetation. If you buy and install a drainage system on the site, it will help to avoid premature destruction of the main and auxiliary structures of the house and around it.
Manufacturers and prices
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LightDrain and LightRock systems have a flexible shape, which allows them to be placed in the most difficult areas. 30 year manufacturer's warranty. |
from 400
rub./r.m. |
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Drenline: concrete, plastic, polymer concrete and polymer sand trays; rain gutters and gratings. |
from 360 RUB/tray |
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Drainage Hydrolika - effective solution for withdrawal of significant volumes surface water. |
from 396 RUB/tray |
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Drainage Nicoll- practical drainage systems widely used in the arrangement of public, industrial and private areas. |
from 280
RUB/tray |
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Drainage system SoftRock a wide range of applications - modern alternative traditional gravel drainage. | from 400 rub./m.p. |
A modern house and the surrounding area are competent drainage systems and other network engineering. Their laying is very important work on the organization of landscape life support systems, taking into account all its features. Site drainage (drainage from water) is a system of hydraulic structures in the soil, which serves to remove excess moisture from it.
Drainage without crushed stone LightDrein - effective groundwater drainage
Drainage distribution system LightDrein is successfully used in construction country houses, industrial buildings, summer cottages and other objects where the presence of a large amount of rainwater is not allowed. It is a branched complex of pipelines that are installed along the perimeter of structures in the area of foundations and basements.
The main task of the LightDrain drainage system is to prevent the destruction of the foundation of buildings due to the effects of rainwater. Excess liquid drains into pipes, then drains to a discharge point. From there, water is pumped out using powerful pumps and removed from the site.
Advantages
Drainage LightDrein without crushed stone is one of the most reliable and effective methods protect buildings from the damaging effects of rainwater. It has many advantages:
- Lightweight design. Due to this property, all components of the drainage system can be transported by transport with any carrying capacity. In addition, the low weight of the structure greatly simplifies the installation procedure.
- Long service life. Since LightDrain is not clogged with silt and impurities found in rainwater, it can work stably for more than 100 years.
- Strength. The pipes from which the LightDrain drainage is mounted can be installed at a depth of up to 2.5 m. At the same time, they do not crack due to the impact of a massive layer of soil and can remain intact even after a car weighing 25 tons passes through the site.
You can buy the LightDrain drainage system right now. Contact our manager to clarify all the details.
Drainage system on site
Drainage of the house and the adjacent area provides for the arrangement of drainage and drainage systems that would complement each other, effectively removing excess moisture outside the site. It is desirable that the drainage of water from the roof is carried out directly into the storm water drainage system, which is part of the drainage of the site. The drainage system on the site will allow in the event of a fall heavy rains or the melting of a large volume of snow to remove excess moisture immediately outside the site, preventing the surface layers of the earth from being saturated with it.
Prices for drainage systems depend on many factors: the size due to the size of the site, the material from which the elements are made, the type (open, closed, backfill), as well as the number of elements that make up the integral drainage system of the site.
This system on your site will definitely be needed in cases where a fence is built around it or there are buildings with a deep foundation. Also, the drainage of the house will be desirable if the house is located on clay or loamy soils, as well as the location of the site is located at the foot of the mountain slope.
Elements
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Lattices for channels |
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Ecoparking is a special lawn, protected from external influences by a grate. |
open and closed
If the site is located on a slope, you just need a device open drainage system, which is a ditch 0.6-0.7 meters deep and 0.5 meters wide. Such drainage, arranged across the slope, allows you to intercept the water flow, thereby preventing soil erosion and flooding of buildings and plantations located at the foot of the slope.
If there are several sections on the slope, then the ditch passing between them to drain storm water will perfectly cope with the volume of water discharged through drainage systems several areas. Thus, the lower sections will not be flooded with water that saturates the earth as a result of precipitation.
Installation of drainage systems closed type provides for the arrangement of several drains, allowing you to effectively remove moisture from precipitation and snowmelt outside the site.
For this, several ditches are dug out with a depth of 0.7-1.5 meters and a width of 0.5 meters. In the resulting trenches are laid special pipes, characterized by the presence on their surface of many holes through which water enters the pipe and is safely discharged either into a drainage well or into a natural reservoir.
It is possible to buy drainage for the house in such a configuration that would most closely match the drainage needs of the site during the rainy season and during winter thaws. Backfill drainage systems- a complex engineering and technical structure, therefore it is desirable to carry out its laying only with the help of specialists of appropriate qualifications.
Advantages
To trace the benefits of drainage measures, compare two sites located side by side, but one of which is on an earthen embankment, and the other is just on the surface of the earth without changing its natural level. You will notice that on an elevated site, plants grow better and the house retains its bright colors. This is due to the natural process of water removal from the site.
A similar situation occurs with an efficiently functioning drainage system. Its integral element is a storm sewer. During rainfall, storm sewers, through connections to the drainage system, allow excess moisture leave the territory of the site in a timely manner, without having time to harm.
Drained soil provides an opportunity to save plants even with excessive watering. In addition, with the timely removal of water from the site, salts do not dissolve in the soil, which means that you can grow those plants that you need or like, and be calm about the condition of the basement, basement, blind area and walls of the main and auxiliary buildings.
Such a system is a prerequisite for the long-term operation of a house or site. Our company offers low prices for drainage for the house and yard High Quality. Our managers will help you buy drainage systems at a bargain price, based on the needs and characteristics of your home or site.
Own cottage is not just housing, but a whole complex of interconnected communication systems. In order to make full use of the sewage system, it is necessary to properly equip the drainage system in a private house.
Design
The drainage system in a private house consists of a number of individual elements connected to each other. Each of them is mandatory and designed for a specific purpose. The standard design consists of the following parts:
As is clear from the design, complete project drainage system includes the development of both external and internal parts sewerage. The external one is a branch of this communication to the well, the internal one is a sewer system within a private house. These are pipes coming from washbasins, toilet bowls, bathrooms and other consumers. They connect at a certain point and output all drains. But if their lengths and diameters are incorrectly calculated, then the efficiency of the discharge system can be seriously affected.
Rules for arranging drainage in a private house:
- When equipping external pipes, it is imperative to think over their insulation. They must either be underground - below the level of soil freezing, or (if located above ground), insulated with geotextiles;
- A shut-off valve must be installed on the taps of all consumers inside the house. They provide security sewer system in the event of an emergency;
- All sewerage is installed under a slope. This applies to both external and internal drainage. GOSTs differ for various types building and pipeline diameters, but considered. What is optimal is a slope of at least 12 degrees per linear meter.
How to do
Before starting the construction of a sewerage system in a private house, it is required to calculate the consumption and drainage. In order to calculate everything correctly, it is necessary to use special GOSTs and SNiPs.
First of all, you need to find out what is the rate of water consumption per day. It is believed that for residents of villages, megacities and small towns, these parameters differ. For example, for a small city, about 200 liters per day per adult is considered the norm, while more than 700 liters per inhabitant of a metropolis. Accordingly, the requirements for the diameter and slopes of pipelines change.
Video: Drainage systems for a private house.
The diameter of the pipes is selected taking into account the use of specific receivers. For example, a toilet bowl is necessary to remove a large amount of waste, so a pipe with a diameter of at least 100 mm should go from it. wash basins, washing machines, bathrooms, dishwashers need a smaller diameter - pipes up to 50 mm are connected to them.
An equally important parameter is the slope of the pipes that provide drainage in a country private house. It is also calculated individually, there is a special formula for this.
The drainage system is an important component of the improvement of the site, its basis is drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater.
They can be made from different materials and have different diameters. They should be selected based on the characteristics of the site.
This article will be devoted to this.
What is a drainage system for?
A drainage device for the removal of groundwater is required:
- on the territory adjacent to a large reservoir;
- on a site with swampy soil;
- if observed on the ground high level humidity;
- when it hits the lot a large number of precipitation.
Drainage is necessary to drain the courtyard due to the removal of excess water from various sources:
- it may be precipitation;
- melt moisture;
- underground and irrigation water.
Due to excess water:
- Plants may die. Soil impregnated with water does not allow oxygen to pass through. Nutrients are washed out of it, needed by plants.
- Due to the softening of the soil, the foundation of buildings can sag. Including your home may suffer.
- Deformation occurs garden beds and garden paths.
To prevent such problems, drainage systems are being laid to divert ground and other waters.
Types of drainage elements
According to the material of manufacture, the drainage pipeline can be:
- ceramic;
- reinforced concrete;
- asbestos-cement;
- polymeric.
Pipes from the first three materials are now rarely used, as they have many disadvantages:
- They weigh a lot. Therefore, their transportation and installation is quite expensive. It is necessary to mount the system using special equipment.
- Installation of ceramic, concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines is also difficult to implement. It is produced only by specialists.
- Such products have low networks performance characteristics. Its elements in most cases are not equipped with holes. Pipes have to be perforated manually. As a result, they clog faster and need to be cleaned regularly.
Plastic products
Polymer products for groundwater drainage are superior in quality to analogues from other materials. Its advantages:
- long service life;
- sufficient level of strength;
- resistance to aggressive chemical environments;
- low weight, thanks to this, pipes are easy to lay, this process is carried out quickly;
- due to the smoothness of the inner walls, deposits do not grow on them, so the pipeline does not clog for a long time;
- the use of geotextiles during installation prevents silting of the structure;
- you can bury the system on your own, this does not require special skills and special equipment;
- plastic drainage is inexpensive.
Products are made from three types of polymer:
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
- polyethylene low pressure(PND);
- polypropylene (PP).
PVC drains are most in demand. Polymer products can be:
- one- and two-layer;
- flexible (supplied in coils up to 50 meters long);
- rigid (their length can be 6-12 meters);
- perforated (in whole or in part);
- wrapped in filter material.
In addition, plastic products for water drainage are divided into strength classes ( ring stiffness). They are designated by the letters SN and the numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16.
Drainage part diameters
Drainage structures have different diameter- from 50 millimeters to 425. This makes it possible to equip drainage networks of different capacities. For the removal of large volumes of water network needed large section-30-40cm.
For domestic networks, in most cases, products with a passage of up to 20 cm are enough. They are most in demand in drain sections with a cross section of 11 cm.
To calculate the diameter of the network, it is necessary to take into account the features of the site:
- Moisture level and type of soil.
- Filtration coefficient.
- The depth of soil freezing.
- Water inflow dimensions, etc.
When it is necessary to drain a courtyard with an area of up to 400 m², pipes with a cross section of 11 cm will suffice. Products of the same size are also laid to drain the foundation of the building. The radius of groundwater discharge by a pipe with a cross section of 11 cm is 5 meters.
Watch the video
The drainage system can be wrapped with geotextile. It will filter the garbage. The width of the trench in this case should be 0.4 m more than the cross section of the network elements.
For large areas drainage pipes are used large diameter for ditches (20 cm). The depth of their laying is approximately 8 m, taking into account the pressing load from the soil.
LDPs (large diameter pipes) with a diameter of 31.5 and 42.5 cm are mine and are used in most cases to equip a drainage well. Such products withstand maximum pressure loads.
Which drain to choose according to the characteristics
Bending single-layer products equipped with perforations, can be used at a depth of no more than 3 meters. The category of products by ring stiffness can also indicate the desired depth. For example, SN-2 products can be buried no more than 2 meters, and SN-4 - 3 meters.
At the two-layer drainage smooth inner walls. Its outer layer is corrugated. In most cases, the strength of such products is SN-6. When laying the drainage network, two-layer elements with a length of no more than 4 meters are used. As a filter layer, they can be wrapped with geotextile or coconut fibers.
Flexible single-layer perforated and corrugated products belong to the SN-8 strength class. They can be equipped with a textile filter or supplied without it. They can be laid to a depth of 10 meters. Two-layer drains of this type are buried no more than 8 meters. They do not come with a filter.
Elements for storm sewers
In a storm drainage system, the liquid is discharged by gravity, i.e. external compression action is not applied. Therefore, special pressure requirements for such sewer network no. Only one parameter of strength is important here - storm drainage must be capable of withstanding the weight of the backfill.
Minimum requirements and thermal resistance products. The operation of the stormwater does not occur when high temperatures. The only condition is that drains should not lose strength in winter, with a negative temperature regime. In a well-designed and installed storm drainage system, moisture will not stagnate. Therefore, there will be no risk of freezing the network.
When underground pipe laying is used, they are exposed to aggressive chemicals that are dissolved in water or are in the ground. Based on this, the most important condition for the selection of drainage elements is their inertness to such compositions and resistance to corrosion.
The most important quality of a storm network is her throughput . The required cross-section of drains is determined at the stage of system planning. Most often, elements with a diameter of at least 11 cm are used for drainage.
Watch the video
Another condition for the effective functioning of storm sewers is the lowest possible level hydraulic resistance inside the pipes. The walls of the products should be as smooth as possible. Then dirt and debris will almost not settle on them.
The length of storm drains can be different. However, it is best to select elements with maximum length. So you reduce the number of interfaces in the system - this will increase its efficiency and reduce the cost of laying.
Selection of drainage products for groundwater drainage
The foundation of buildings can be washed away by subsoil moisture at depths of up to 2 meters. At the same time, substances that contribute to the destruction of building materials can be dissolved in groundwater.
Waterproofing in this case is of little help. The best option- this is the instillation of a drainage pipeline. When designing it, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil and its level of moisture.
The increased content of liquid in the earth leads to freezing, rotting, diseases of plant crops, waterlogging of the farmstead. To prevent this from happening, for drainage it is necessary to choose corrugated products made from low-pressure polyethylene.
Optimal types of pipes for different types soils are presented in the table:
Watch the video
Drainage pipe manufacturers
Now more and more factories are being opened that produce pipes, including those for drainage systems. However, most often used products that produce proven and well-known manufacturers. Among Russian companies this is:
- SK-Plast;
- Corsis;
- Politek;
- Ruvinil;
- Nashorn;
- Perfocor;
- Kama-Polymer.
Among foreign manufacturers, the products of companies are in demand:
- Rehau (Germany);
- Wavin (Netherlands);
- Uponor (Italy);
- Ostendorf (Germany);
- Polieco (Italy).
In fact, the manufacturing technology of drains is the same everywhere. Therefore, all factory products have approximately the same quality. The only difference is in the cost of the products.
Laying a drainage pipe with your own hands
Before laying the drainage structure, it should be calculated and selected optimal view pipes. The project will require a site plan. As well as geodetic data, they can be found in the regional department of land use:
- Seasonal depth of underground water.
- Features and structure of the soil.
- The average annual amount of precipitation and flood moisture that falls on the site.
Knowing these parameters, professionals will carry out necessary calculations and determine to what depth to bury the drainage pipes and their diameter.
Watch the video
The arrangement of the network for the removal of liquid is carried out as follows:
The design is displayed in a ditch, a nearby reservoir or storm sewer. At the end of the outlet pipe put check valve . When it is impossible to equip such an exit, a storage well is mounted. When it is completely filled with volumes of water, it is pumped out using a pump.
When arranging drainage for draining liquid on the site, do not forget that the entrance to it must also be equipped with a pipe. There, it will be necessary to bury the product with maximum ring stiffness in the ditch.
When installing a drainage system, one should not make mistakes that entail a violation of its operation. The most common of them:
- Insufficient drainage depth. This may lead to a failure of the water balance of the territory.
- The use of products for the removal of liquids that are not suitable for site conditions. This leads to the rapid termination of the network.
- Incorrectly selected network slope angle. This will lead to problems with the removal of groundwater on the site.
Cleaning the drainage system
During maintenance of the groundwater drainage structure, it is necessary to periodically check whether it is clogged or out of order. When problems arise, they are promptly eliminated.
You should also regularly check the level of underground water in the courtyard of the site. So you will be aware of the efficiency with which the drainage copes with the removal of excess fluid. Thanks to timely preventive and repair measures, you will be able not only to extend the life of the drainage, but also to stop the risk of accidents.
The drainage structure should be flushed regularly. So you stop its clogging or get rid of it if it has already happened. For maximum washing efficiency, it is necessary to choose the method that will be most suitable for each separate case. There are three such methods in total.
The first one uses an ordinary hose for irrigation. It is introduced into the drainage pipeline and delivers pressurized water jets into it. They wash away deposits and blockages from the inner walls of the network.
The garden hose is flexible, and the water pressure from the domestic water supply is not too strong. Therefore, this method is used to clear minor blockages in short sections of the drainage network.
In the second washing method, a compressor is used. It is more efficient than a conventional hose. It supplies mixed air and moisture inside the drainage structure. They effectively and quickly clean the network from the inside. When using a compressor, it is possible to regulate the pressure. Therefore, this method can be used in most cases of clogging.
The third way is hydrodynamic. It uses a compressor pump and a hose with special nozzles. Water with their help is supplied inside the drains under strong pressure. Its jets cut deposits from the pipe walls. The system is then flushed under high pressure to remove residual dirt. This method cleaning is most effective.
By choosing any of the three methods given, you will need to gain access to both sides of the drainage branch. Water jets will flow from one end, and its diversion will be provided from the other.
Conclusion
Watch the video
Self-laying a drainage pipe into a ditch is quite feasible. At the same time, professionals should be entrusted with the necessary calculations and the creation of a draft drainage system.
Direct installation of the pipeline is not so difficult. The main thing at the same time is to strictly follow the installation rules, maintain the desired slope of the network, securely connect its elements and equip manholes.
EntriesThe foundation is a support for the entire structure, therefore, special requirements are imposed on its quality and strength. The strength characteristics of the base under the house are reduced primarily from the effects of water, it can be ground and melt water, as well as seasonal precipitation. From contact with water, mold and fungus form on the walls of the foundation, the room becomes damp and uncomfortable. All this makes it simply necessary to divert water from the base of the house.
Effective methods of drainage
Protect the foundation of the house from precipitation and groundwater in various ways:
- Installation of a blind area around the perimeter of the house.
- Creation of a storm sewer in a complex with a drain.
- drainage system.
blind area
Mandatory and effective way drainage of rain and melt water is. AT unified system with a drain, this design is able to protect the house with slight precipitation from deep groundwater. The blind area must have a mandatory slope to ensure the outflow of water from the walls of the house. The design can be made with or without an additional chute along the outer edge.
Storm sewer and drain
During installation drainage system the main condition is the correct installation. Otherwise, water will flow down the walls to the foundation, which leads to the destruction of both the walls and the foundation. To divert water from the drainage system, a storm sewer is used, which includes many devices. In particular, we are talking about storm water inlets, gutters, wells and filters.
drainage system
Drainage is the most difficult, but the most effective option drainage of water from the foundation. A complete drainage system must work in conjunction with storm sewer Therefore, in general, the process requires responsibility and large investments.
Material for arranging the drainage system
The effectiveness of the drainage system largely depends on the quality of the materials used and their correct choice.
For systems that are supposed to high load, you should choose stronger materials. Therefore, in these cases it is better to use products not made of light plastic, but of durable concrete.
You can extend the life of the gutters for draining water with the help of cast-iron gratings that will protect the elements from the outside.
Pipes used in the drainage system must be laid in pre-prepared grooves, on the bottom of which a drainage layer is laid. The most effective are corrugated pipes for drainage. Their smooth inner surface does not interfere with the passage of water flow, and the corrugation on the outside of the pipes makes them more durable.
Protection of the foundation from groundwater
Groundwater has a constant effect on the foundation, so it is important to create reliable protection grounds for this negative factor.
Very often, for greater efficiency, complex protection is used: trench drainage and. The drainage system is designed to remove water from the foundation, and the waterproofing provides protection against the penetration of moisture into the concrete structures.
trench drainage
The drainage system may be open or closed.
Open drainage consists of ditches having a width of 50 cm and a depth of up to 1 m. The walls of the ditch are made with a slope of 30 degrees to ensure maximum accumulation of water. The length of the ditch should also have a slope for an arbitrary flow of water.
You can make a closed trench drainage with your own hands according to the following scheme:
- Along the perimeter of the base of the house, they dig a trench about 30 cm wide, the depth should be slightly below the base of the foundation.
- Sand is poured at the bottom with a layer of up to 10 cm, providing a slope.
- The sand is covered with geological textiles, fixed on the walls of the trench.
- Gravel is poured on top with a layer of 10 cm.
- Next, lay the drainage pipes. Many holes are drilled in them, thanks to which water will seep into the pipe and go to specially prepared places. Pipes must have a slope of 1 cm per linear meter.
- Pipes are covered with gravel, the layer of which above the pipe can reach 10 cm.
- The gravel is covered with geotextile, the ends of which are sewn together.
- The end of the drainage pipe should be taken away from the base of the house at a distance of at least 5 m.
- The drainage system ends with a water intake, which can be an artificial or natural reservoir.
Foundation waterproofing
Waterproofing works protect the foundation of the house not only from groundwater, but also from soil moisture. Waterproofing may be In the first case, the protection top part bases in places of contact with the walls. In the second - side surfaces foundation.
For vertical waterproofing, several options can be used:
- Protect the foundation with a layer of cement-sand mortar.
- Create isolation with .
- Lay several layers of roofing material or roofing felts.
Protection of the foundation from melt and storm water
The seasonal formation of surface water is also a big problem. It can be solved with the help of complex protection, which includes a drainage system and a drainage system.
Gutter system
The design is designed to collect rain or melt water from the roof of the house. Water flows through special gutters into funnels and is discharged through pipes from the foundation of the building.
Ring drainage helps to divert storm drains from the foundation. It runs like this:
ring drainage
- Pipes are laid in an open trench that lead to public sewerage. Pipe laying is carried out on a compacted pillow of their sand and gravel. It is very important that the diameter of the drainage and downpipes was the same.
- Install wells that receive water from drains.
- All water is collected in a common well, from which it is removed by pumping, direct discharge into an open reservoir, or absorbed into the soil through a drainage field.
blind area
Water that accumulates on the surface is diverted from the foundation using a blind area. Its arrangement looks like this:
- Markup in progress.
- A layer of soil is removed to a depth of 25 cm.
- Formwork is being installed.
- The soil is covered with a layer of clay and carefully compacted.
- This is followed by a layer of sand of 10 cm, which is also well compacted.
- Small gravel is poured over the sand with a layer of 5 cm.
- At the junction of the blind area with the wall of the house, an expansion joint of 2 cm is necessarily formed.
- The blind area is filled with concrete.
Water from the drainage system and the blind area is diverted through surface drainage. Its arrangement is carried out according to the following scheme:
- By outside blind areas dig a shallow ditch with a slight slope.
- The bottom of the trench is covered with sand and gravel, creating a sand and gravel cushion.
- Next, special trays are laid and covered with gratings.
Creating a watershed
Storm and melt water can be directed from the base of the house in another way - by creating a watershed. In this case, the costs will be minimal and the efficiency high. The main purpose of a watershed is to direct overhead water away from a building, collect it in ditches, and drain it away from the site.
There are two options for creating a watershed:
- The boundaries of the future watershed are determined and a channel of a certain depth is dug along its bottom so that there is a slope from the channel towards the ditch for collecting water. Further, from the blind area to the channel, additional channels are dug and the soil between them is removed.
- From the blind area to the border of the watershed, bypassing the work on the formation of additional channels, they remove the soil so that a slight slope from the structure is obtained, which ensures the outflow of water. From the excavated soil, a kind of parapet is folded with a slope from the house.
As a result of the actions performed, the building is on an artificial elevation, due to which precipitation and melt water flow in the direction away from the house.
To prevent softening of the soil adjacent to the structure, it is necessary to create an additional protective layer. You can make a concrete or stone platform, but this requires a significant investment. Great solution is the use grass lawn. It prevents the penetration of water into the lower layers of the soil, directing it in the right direction.
Drainage of water from the foundation of the house is a necessity, but it is important to properly organize this process. The result of this work will be comfortable accommodation in the house, increasing the life of the foundation of the house and its reliability.
