Well or central water supply pros and cons. Autonomous water supply: what is better a well or a well. Well or central water supply

Many owners of private houses or cottages face the question of how best to organize the water supply at home. As a rule, the choice is between connecting to a central water supply or drilling a well.

Ways to organize water supply

In places with a well-developed infrastructure, as a rule, there is a central water supply to which you can connect. But at the same time, there are often concerns about the quality of the water that such a pipeline provides. And this question justified, since the existing water supply systems are generally quite old, with a high degree of wear and tear, and therefore the quality of water inevitably suffers and frequent shutdowns of water supply are likely due to repair work.But, nevertheless, the central water supply system greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of water supply to the site.

An alternative to central water supply is an autonomous water supply. Despite the fact that this method of water supply requires quite serious initial financial investments, it is preferred by most owners of private houses or cottages.

A properly organized autonomous water supply system is characterized by excellent water quality and complete autonomy from central systems.

Features of the central water supply

The central water supply guarantees maximum convenience and the absence of the need to independently organize the water supply of the site and the house. One of the most serious obstacles to organizing a central water supply is the initial absence of one at the location of the site. If the infrastructure of the place is well developed, then to connect to the central water supply, you need to issue the necessary permits and call in specialists who will tie into the central water supply.

At the same time, central water supply has a number of rather significant drawbacks:

• the use of a central water supply system involves the payment of a monthly fee for use, and given the regular increase in prices for water supply, it is worth initially preparing for a constant increase in the cost of water supply to the site;
• when connecting to the central water supply, it is necessary to take into account possible interruptions in the water supply due to regular preventive maintenance;
• only the recently organized central water supply is characterized by the use of modern equipment, but in places with an old central water supply, equipment wear is quite large, which leads to frequent breakdowns and shutdowns of the water supply;
• for the same reason, the quality of water from the central water supply is rather poor and often requires the use of additional system filtration for possible use as drinking water.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

If there is a central water supply, you can choose it to supply water to the site or to private house. In this case, you should pay attention to several rather significant points:

• when connected to a new high-quality central water supply system, there are practically no problems, except for organizing a sewerage system, but it is possible that it can also be solved by connecting to centralized system discharge and treatment of wastewater;
• if the house is used exclusively for warm time year, then care should be taken to turn off and completely drain the water supply to avoid freezing and possible rupture of pipes;
• if the plumbing is old and not designed for a large number of consumers, there may be insufficient water pressure, which may cause malfunctions household appliances(dishwasher and washing machines and water heaters) - in this case, you will have to install a special pump to create more water pressure;
• typical for old plumbing low quality water, because normal operation household appliances, as well as the possibility of using water for food, filters for water purification are mounted in the water supply system.

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

After deciding to connect to the central water supply, you need to perform certain actions:

• initially you need to get a special site plan, which indicates all available underground utilities;
• in local branch water utility, after the provision of title documents, it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for connecting to the central water supply;
• the licensed organization develops design estimates;
• after registration of documentation in the SES, the work is coordinated with organizations whose communications are available at the specified site;
• licensed organizations after that, work can be carried out to bring the central water supply to the site.

The last step is the registration of devices in the water utility and the conclusion of a contract for the supply of water.

Worth paying Special attention to the fact that carrying out many stages requires contacting specialized licensed organizations, a list of which can be obtained at the water utility department, as well as numerous approvals.

Independent work on the diversion of water supply to the site is unacceptable.

Autonomous water supply

Despite the significant convenience provided by the central water supply, even in places where there is a central water supply, an autonomous water supply is often chosen to supply a site or a private house with water.

Autonomous water supply implies complete independence from the centralized water supply and the possibility of independent control and regulation of water quality in the water supply. The main disadvantages of the system include the need for significant financial investments in the organization of such water supply. Although the cash costs are one-time and can be shared, for example, with the owner of a neighboring site, who also wants to organize an autonomous water supply.

One of the key stages in the organization of an autonomous water supply system is the drilling of a well or a well and their arrangement.

Since the autonomous water management system may differ depending on specific conditions and the preferences of the owner of the site, then initially it is worth consulting with specialists, which option will be optimal:

1. Most economical option organization of autonomous water supply - wells. Compared to drilling a well, they have a lower cost. But you should choose them only in case of a relatively small need for water, shallow waters and the presence of favorable conditions, while you should be prepared for the fact that the water in the well can be of very dubious quality.
2. The old, but little applicable to modern reality, method of supplying water through a well has been replaced by a more effective method water supply - drilling a well for water.
3. Up to thirty-five meters, filter wells can be drilled, which take about two days to drill, but they quickly become silted up.
4. by the most optimal way autonomous water supply is drilling artesian well, which is drilled to a depth of twenty to two hundred meters depending on individual conditions, they take about five days to drill, but they are more durable, their minimum life is fifty years.

Water from the well, due to a change in the environmental situation and numerous communications, at the moment often ceased to meet safety requirements, so many forgot about the well and began to use the most in modern ways organization of autonomous water supply of a site or a private house.

A filter well as an alternative to a central water supply is relatively inexpensive, but not durable either. One of the features is the rather rapid siltation of the well. These wells are usually drilled to a depth of two to ten meters, in the case of a shallow groundwater table and the presence of sand. But, as a rule, at such a depth there is rarely drinking water in quality, therefore the main purpose of filter wells is technical. In the final version, the filter well is constructed from casing pipe, with strainer at the end. The peculiarity of a filter well is that its lifespan directly depends on the frequency of use: the more often a well is used, the longer its service life. The productivity of such a well is about a cubic meter of water per hour.

Not wanting to use the central water supply to organize water supply on the site or in a private house, you can drill an artesian well, which, despite its high cost, fully justifies the cost of it.

An artesian well is drilled up to two hundred meters deep, depending on individual features finding underground groundwater. Water from such a well can be used for any household needs and used as drinking water. Unlike a filter well, an artesian well has a significantly higher productivity, it can reach one hundred cubic meters per hour.

Such wells are not subject to silting, and their service life is at least fifty years. For the organization of an artesian well, special metal pipes large diameter, the thickness of the walls of which should be at least five millimeters.

The system for arranging autonomous water supply on the site or in a private house

To organize an autonomous water supply on the site, you can resort to the services of professionals who will issue the necessary permits, carry out the necessary survey work and carry out direct installation of the structure. In this case optimum time well drilling will be winter. Since drilling a well involves the use of specialized equipment, then in winter time it will be less traumatic for green spaces and especially for the master's beds. In addition, winter is not the season for companies involved in drilling and well construction, and therefore it is possible to carry out work with significant savings in terms of money.

To organize water supply, you must initially decide on the place of drilling of the well itself. The platform for organizing the camera, in which the automation and the head of the well are located, occupies at least four square meters, but it is optimal to place it as close as possible to the house in order to save:

• you can choose more cheap option a pump, since a small length of pipes does not require such pressure as when it is increased, because in the latter case, the pump must not only lift water from the well, but also push it through the water supply system;
• materials are significantly saved: not only the pipes themselves, but also backfill, insulation, etc .;
• reduce the cost of digging a trench.

If the need for water is seasonal, then the well can be equipped with a cap, which is designed to seal the well, protect it from the ingress of melt and rain water, mechanical impurities and facilitates the process of attaching the pump.

If the need for water is not limited to any period and is not seasonal, then a well is drilled with a caisson. With this drilling option, the well head is below the level of soil freezing, otherwise damage to expensive equipment cannot be avoided during the winter cold. The caisson also helps to secure the head of the well from the penetration of groundwater and possible sewer drains located nearby.

There are several nuances when developing an autonomous water supply scheme:

• in the development process, it is necessary to provide for possible changes in the water supply system in the future, in which case an increase in the length of the pipes or the number of consumers will not affect the specified fluctuations in water pressure in the pipes;
• to prevent damage to equipment from lightning strikes, grounding and lightning protection must be carefully carried out.

Installing and using additional containers will help protect yourself from possible interruptions in water supply and save money by storing it at night.

If you are lucky and own a plot near which a water pipe is laid, then you have a choice: to provide yourself with water from a personal well or through a central water supply system. Each of the options has both its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the final decision is made, taking into account their needs, the geochemical composition of the soil, the cost of land work and economic feasibility project.

Water supply through a well

All water wells are usually divided into filter and artesian ones. The first type includes shallow wells up to 30 m deep, and the second type is deep, reaching aquifers at a level of 250 m. Depending on the depth, filter wells are also divided into: shallow, medium and deep. The deeper the drill sinks, the clearer the water. Therefore, moisture can be taken from small wells only for irrigation of the site.

Artesian wells require the use of special equipment. Their drilling costs much more than filter ones, but the water quality is much higher. Thus, the choice of one or another type of well allows you to optimize the cost of water supply, taking into account your requirements for water quality.

Advantages:

1. The water supply does not stop during the repair work on the central water supply.
2. The site is provided with water of optimal quality.
3. A project is not required to complete the work.

Disadvantages:

1. Water from artesian wells is considered a national treasure, so its use is taxed.
2. The high cost of drilling deep wells.
3. If other wells appear in the neighborhood, the water level in the well may drop.
4. Additional costs for the pump and electricity.
5. Mineralization of water.

Central water supply

This method of solving the problem, in addition to financial costs requires obtaining permits, as well as designing water supply and sewerage projects. Mineral composition pipeline water leaves much to be desired, therefore, connection to the central water conduit is chosen in cases where drilling of wells is impossible or not economically feasible.

Advantages:

1. Low system maintenance costs.
2. The cost of the work is lower than when drilling a well.
3. Possibility to provide water supply where drilling is problematic.

Disadvantages:

1. Low water quality.
2. Water supply is completely dependent on the state of the central water supply and is interrupted during repair work.
3. A high tariff can make water consumption unprofitable.

Summing up

Prioritize before making a final decision. If you make high demands on water quality, and the budget allows you to equip your personal water source, then it is best to drill an artesian well. Central water supply is suitable for those who want to save themselves from the extra hassle associated with servicing equipment.

The garden and garden need watering, and the water utility requires owners to garden plots registration of special "irrigation" contracts at unpleasant rates. Why pay for irrigation drinking water if you can saturate the garden with moisture from your own technical well for free.

Irrigation with tap water

Having a central water supply on the site, gardeners spend drinking water for irrigation and pay considerable sums for irrigating horticultural plantings. How much money is spent on this? Let's count.

Average monthly required flow water on square meter garden area (area according to the cadastre), according to official housing and communal services standards, is equal to 0.276 cubic meters of water with central water supply. Those. 276 m 3 of water is spent on watering a garden of 10 acres, the cost of which the owner will pay for 4 months (May-August) annually.

Considering the tariff price cold water"Ufavodokanal" in 2018, for May-June, garden irrigation of 10 acres will cost 13,121.04 rubles, and for July-August - 13,800 rubles. Thus, watering horticultural vegetation with drinking water, the owner of a plot of 10 acres will spend 26,921.04 rubles this year.

Year by year, water prices are rising, so in next year watering the garden with drinking water will be even more expensive. Moreover, water for domestic needs in the IZHS section will also be taken into account by the water utility and paid for in separate amounts.

The calculation performed was made for billing according to water supply standards without a water meter (meter) - it usually comes out a little more expensive with it. However, it may turn out cheaper if spring-summer is rainy.

Watering from a well

The gardener pays for watering bills from the water supply, although he can easily reduce them by contacting us for drilling a well. Well cost technical water, by and large, will be determined only by the cost of filtration - the removal of iron and suspensions. You can’t drink such water, but you can water plant plantings with it as much as you like.

The depth of the technical well is less than 35 m (usually 10-25 m). Its hourly debit rarely exceeds 2 m 3 of water, but this is enough for irrigation and domestic needs (bathroom, washing dishes, etc.).

Our drilling rates will allow gardeners to get a stable source of irrigation water from a 20 meter well for 30,000 rubles. Is it expensive? With a similar amount, the owner of a garden plot of 10 acres annually pays for four months of watering from the water supply. Moreover, the well will provide water to the garden for at least a dozen years.

Industrial water filtration

Sometimes, water from a technical well requires water treatment before irrigation. However, drinking water is not needed for irrigation; it is enough to reduce the concentration of ferrous iron in its volume.

A simple way to bring iron into a trivalent sedimentary state is water aeration. Saturation needed well water atmospheric air, for which spray nozzles and an aquarium compressor are used. If better water purification is required, the aeration unit is supplemented with a filter element with a backfill of birm material. This sorbent mechanically captures aqueous iron and does not require frequent replacement, only regeneration by backwashing with clean water (not chlorinated).

Drinking water supply, irrigation well

By combining two water sources in a private household - a central water supply and a technical well - its owner achieves best conditions water savings. At the same time, independence from external water supply communications is achieved, known for the inconstancy of pressure and periodic breakdowns due to wear. If the site has technical well- there will always be water for irrigation.

"Well or centralized water supply", BC "POISK", tell friends: February 16th, 2016