Why is the pumping station not pumping water. The borehole pump does not pump water: causes of breakdowns Why the station does not supply water

The pumping station is the heart of the water supply system of a summer house or a private house. This simple but functional device capable of providing good pressure can be purchased at retail, choosing the model that is optimal in terms of characteristics. Pumping stations, when properly installed, are reliable, stable, and do not require periodic maintenance. However, failures in their work inevitably occur over time. Every owner of such equipment needs to know the malfunctions of the pumping station and how to eliminate them. In some cases, it is quite possible to carry out repairs yourself.

A pumping station is a complex of a pump, a hydraulic accumulator-compensator and control automation. Such a system is capable of:

supply water to the network at home and maintain the required pressure level in it;
provide pressure adjustment to supply water to the second floor or meet the maximum level of consumption;
protect the pipe system from water hammer, which can lead to the destruction of parts of the water supply;
store a certain supply of liquid inside the accumulator, which will come in handy when the power supply is turned off or the water source is exhausted.

The specific engineering solution of the pumping station may be different. For example, for deep wells, submersible pump. When drawing water from a shallow well, surface blower. The volume of the accumulator may be different, depending on the consumption parameters calculated for a private house.

Automation and security

To understand how to quickly diagnose and fix problems, you need to know about the controls of the pumping station and how it works.

The causes of pump failure include dirt and mechanical suspensions. Therefore, on the supply pipe it is necessary to install coarse filter.
To avoid a problem when the station does not pump water, it must be mounted on the supply pipe check valve. It will not allow water to go back into the well and prevent air from entering the working circuit.
- the main device for monitoring the operation of the station and the condition of the water supply network. Mounted on the outlet pipe, it indicates the pressure and allows instant evaluation.
The pressure parameters are adjusted corresponding relay. It is included in the list of accumulator components and is responsible for turning on and off the supercharger engine.

Everything works quite simply. During the initial start-up, the pump pumps water into the accumulator. Inside it is a membrane, a rubber pear. Filling with water and expanding, it compresses the air in the container. The sensor monitors the rising pressure. When the set level is reached, the relay switches off the pump. The pressure gauge shows the pressure that has been reached in the water supply. When a tap opens inside the house, water enters the network, taken from the pear of the accumulator. When the pressure drops below the set limit, the relay activates the pump and the cycle repeats.

Malfunctions and methods for their elimination

Unfortunately, over time, the pumping station may start to work in an emergency mode. It is impossible to avoid this, since there are no eternal materials, constantly occurring oxidation and leakage processes In addition, dirt accumulates in the station nodes during operation. If the plumbing system began to work poorly, you should slowly check the condition of the pumping unit and eliminate the shortcomings that you can deal with on your own.

The pump does not turn on

There may be several reasons why the pump does not respond to start commands and does not start.

Checked power supply status. The integrity of the power cable is assessed (there should be no frayed insulation, fractures).
being tested mains voltage. When lowered, the pump does not work.
Checked contact group connection quality(sockets, operability of circuit breakers).

If the checks showed that everything is in order, and cleaning the contacts did not bring results, the problem may be pressure sensor operation: it doesn't work. The hydraulic accumulator control unit is partially disassembled, the state of the relay (contacts, springs) is checked, if necessary, the parts are cleaned of corrosion and dirt.

If the pump does not start after the measures taken, the problem may be in the combustion of the windings. Such repairs at home will not be possible.

The motor makes a hum, but the pump does not start

With a long downtime of the station, its owner may encounter a situation where, when turned on, the pump buzzes, but does not pump. The reason is the sticking of the turbine impeller, its sticking to the body. This problem is fixed as follows.

The station is disconnected from the mains, it is necessary to block the inlet and outlet pipes.
With the help of drainage, it is necessary to drain the water from the supply system.
Partial dismantling of the pumping station is being carried out.
The impeller is rotated by hand or removed.
It is recommended to remove the impeller from the pumping station in order to thoroughly clean the internal surfaces of the housing and the part itself.

Advice! After a long downtime, they may lose their properties and other functional elements. If you have already had to disassemble the station, it is recommended to check whether the replacement of the stuffing box, parts of the sealing system is required.

The pumping station works in jerks, does not hold pressure

With frequent turning on and off of the pump (it works jerkily), and also when the station does not hold pressure, it is worth looking for the source of the problem in the hydraulic accumulator unit and pipelines. There may be several reasons:

seal failure;
low air pressure in the accumulator housing;
water leaving the system through the check valve;
leaks when the rubber element is damaged.

The last problem on the list is the easiest to diagnose. If, when the spool or nipple outlet of the pressure control on the accumulator is weakened, water comes out of it, and not air, then you need to change the pear. During long-term operation, rubber (including due to the chemical composition of water and impurities in it) loses its flexibility and may crack.

How exactly the replacement of the pear is done is worth learning from the documentation for the specific model of the hydraulic accumulator. Individual manufacturers may use different sealing systems, provide for a unique element installation scheme and membrane design.

Advice! Before such a repair, you need to purchase or order a pear for a specific model of the hydraulic tank.

Control of accumulator parameters

If everything is in order with the pear, and when the control outlet is opened, air comes out of it, you need to check the correct parameters of the accumulator. Back pressure in tank body checked with a manometer. It is connected to the spool or nipple outlet of the hydraulic tank. In the case when there is no pressure at the level of 1.5 - 1.8 atm, it must be adjusted. Usually the value shown on the pressure gauge is less. Air must be pumped with a compressor or a bicycle pump directly through the control outlet.

Non-return valve malfunctions

Another reason for the pressure drop and jerky operation of the station is a violation of the functions of the check valve installed on the supply pipe. This node needs to be cleared, check its functionality. If it is impossible to repair, it is necessary to make a replacement, after which all commissioning work for the station must be carried out again.

Leaks and Leaks

The last cause of jerky work is leaks and leaks. To make sure there are no water leaks, check all connections of inlet and outlet pipes. If no flaws are found, then the problem is in the accumulator and air leakage. Checking the tightness of the housing is carried out as follows:

a soap solution is diluted;
a soap emulsion is applied to problematic points of the structure (welding lines of installation elements, to places with scuffs, traces of corrosion);
leak locations are identified.

Advice! It is recommended to eliminate leak points using a welding machine. However, given that such a do-it-yourself repair of a pumping station requires special equipment and skills, the holes found can be closed with a “cold welding” composition.

The pump does not build up pressure or does not turn off automatically

Problems of pressure discrepancy with the set parameters and the lack of shutdown are always associated with the operation of the hydraulic tank control relay. Salts are deposited on the elements of this node, its contact groups may oxidize over time.

If the pump does not build up pressure, but turns off automatically - relay can be reset without having the skills to parse and clean contacts. This is done by enumerating the position of the regulator and monitoring the pressure indicators according to the pressure gauge installed at the outlet of the station. In the event that the blower does not turn off for a long time, it is recommended replace relay. If this is not possible, the station must be disconnected from the network, the control unit partially disassembled and all elements of the sensor design thoroughly cleaned. It is recommended to pay special attention to traces of corrosion. You can get rid of them with the help of special means.

Important! It is highly undesirable to operate a station that does not turn off automatically. This can lead to a very quick failure of its functional elements or a quick breakdown of the pump engine, turbine parts.

The reason that the pressure drops, or the pump often turns on in systems with the rise of water from the depth with a surface blower, may be ejector problems. This unit has a plastic diffuser, which is extremely negatively affected by impurities in the water. If it breaks, the ejector does not pump water, and the pump cannot cope with the task on its own. To check the condition of the diffuser and other elements, the entire assembly must be disassembled. Repair comes down to replacing broken parts or thorough cleaning and reassembly.

The station does not pump water

The reason that the station stopped pumping water may be its banal absence in the supply pipe. First of all, they check whether the suction hose is submerged in the liquid source. The condition of the filter at its end is also evaluated.

If everything is in order, check check valve status. This assembly, due to accumulated dirt, may not open and block the access of water to the station system. The minimum repair of the check valve is to disassemble it and thoroughly clean it. If individual structural elements are deformed or damaged, the assembly must be replaced as a whole.

The most difficult and troublesome breakdown - pump output. The impeller and housing wear out during operation under the abrasive action of mechanical impurities in the water. At the same time, the maximum supply pressure drops, and with some critical wear indicators, the pump stops pumping water.

Inspect the impeller, measure the gap between it and the housing, assess the degree of wear only after disassembling the pump. If during such an inspection it is found that the permissible parameters (given in the passport for the device) are exceeded, the damaged parts of the mechanism should be replaced.

In the most difficult cases, change body that with certain pump designs it can be a big problem, requiring skills, knowledge, and money to eliminate it.

Air in the pumping station

Another reason that the pumping station does not supply water or does not turn on when the idle prevention sensor is triggered is the presence of air in the supply pipe. To eliminate such a problem, even at the stage of equipment installation, it is required to provide a branch pipe for forced filling of the system. Until the inlet pipe is filled with water, the station will not work. In some cases, a simple technique can be used: pull out the supply hose, raise its end above the pump installation point and pour water into it manually.

Advice! In order not to face the problem of air entering the pumping station, it is recommended to buy a model with a so-called self-priming pump. It provides a node for automatic filling of the supply line, without human intervention.

What to do if the pumping station is frozen

As a conclusion, it is worth touching on the issue of resuscitation of the pumping station. Despite clear instructions for operating the equipment only in a warm room, there are situations when the pumping station is frozen. Water can turn to ice:

inside the underwater pipe to the house, on the border of soil freezing;
in the inlet pipes coming from the well or well;
in the part of the pipeline directly adjacent to the pump:
in the most difficult cases - inside the mechanics of the pump.

If during the inspection of the condition of the pipes and the pumping station, cracks in metal, plastic, structural elements are found, the repair comes down to disassembling the equipment, part of the water supply network and replacing damaged parts, pipes. However, when the liquid freezes, it does not immediately break the metal, and there are non-zero chances to save the equipment.

Important! Before defrosting work, the station must be disconnected from the water supply network, if possible, open the shut-off valves or unscrew the flanges of the problem area, creating vanishing points for expanding water.

The procedure for handling pipes depends on their type, as well as the tools and tools available. Leads can be defrost with boiling water, steel pipes warm up with a blowtorch. The process of temperature rise must be gradual so as not to cause damage by a sudden change.

Advice! Before pouring boiling water over the pipes, they should be wrapped with a cloth and spilled with cool water. With a blowtorch, you need to start acting carefully, slowly increasing the intensity of exposure.

The most effective, but long way to defrost the mechanics of the pump is installation of incandescent lamps. The object of heating must be placed in some limited space, for example, surrounded by a box turned upside down, the walls of which are 200 or more millimeters away from the heat source. After that, the lamp turns on, its power should be at least 100 watts.

Pipes can be heated heating cable, which is easy to purchase at any store selling electric heating systems. By wrapping the frozen area and applying a voltage of 220V to the cable, you can quickly and safely defrost the system. Good results of applying this method are also observed when working with pump mechanics.

Pumping station for reliable operation requires proper installation. To ensure a long trouble-free operation, you need:

install the pump on a flat, rigid platform or support that does not allow vibration;
operate the station only at a positive temperature;
prevent overheating in the area where the pump is located (temperatures above 40 degrees), for which it is rational to provide a blowing or ventilation system;
use pipes for supplying and discharging water only with the diameter recommended in the documentation, so that the pump can show its declared characteristics;
avoid kinks in pipes;
provide a drainage system for emergency draining, as well as pipes for pouring water into the supply circuit.

If water is taken from a shallow well with a surface pump, care must be taken to ensure that the turbine wheel is always in the water. To do this, the end of the hose or pipe is immersed in water, making sure that as much of its length as possible is in the liquid. The best way to ensure security is equipping the intake line with a float. Its task is to raise and lower the end of the hose, constantly keeping it immersed in water.

The list of periodic system maintenance includes control of pressure parameters. The air in the pumping station is checked through a spool or nipple outlet on the accumulator body. By attaching a pressure gauge to it, it is easy to see the indicators. Nominal pressure - from 1.5 to 1.8 atm. With its lack, air is pumped through the outlet with a compressor or a bicycle pump.

To use water from a well or a deep well, it is not at all necessary to raise it to the surface with your hands using a bucket. Modern submersible pumps for relatively little money allow you to get rid of "extra" labor costs and make it possible to automate the water supply of a private house. Many homeowners independently install pumping equipment, connect automation and assemble pipelines. Such events end with varying degrees of success. It often turns out that the submersible pump does not pump water, although you can hear that its motor is running. Let's try to figure out what errors lead to this, and what to do in this case.

This issue must be considered first. The autonomous water supply system, in addition to power pumping equipment, includes other important elements, each of which must work exceptionally well. Also, the pump needs energy and, in fact, water to work.

So, in order for the well to uninterruptedly supply water, four conditions must be met:

What to download: the presence of water in the required amount.
Due to what to download: high-quality power supply of equipment (voltage, frequency).
How to pump: good condition and optimal power / performance of the pump.
Why download: properly functioning pipelines with a sufficient cross section and efficient wiring components (faucets, valves, filters, mixers, etc.).

Scheme Scheme of organizing autonomous water supply of a private house from a well

How to search for a problem

A system designed not only for irrigation, but also for water supply at home has the most complex configuration. In this case, it makes sense to consider it section by section. There will be three of them:

in the well
in the ground
in the house.

It is necessary to act by the method of exclusion. First, disconnect the pipe in the caisson, if water flows, then you need to look for problems in the house or in the horizontal section of the pipeline that is in the ground. If the water does not rise at all, the problem is somewhere below.

If the submersible pump is buzzing, but does not pump water, then this means that a mistake has been made somewhere:

at the stage of selection of components,
during installation,
during the period of operation.

Although more or less objective reasons are possible, for example, power surges or a critical drop in the water level in the source. Therefore, if the pump was working normally, and then problems began, it is logical to first pay attention to the variable factors (water and electricity), and then move on to checking the operability of the equipment and wiring. When a new, only assembled system does not start, problems can be anywhere.

A working pump does not pump water: possible malfunctions

Next, we will consider common problems, we will give recommendations on how to diagnose and fix it, if it is possible to do it at home. The list will be numbered, but this does not refer to the search order or the "popularity" of the issues. Sometimes users make several mistakes at once, and often in this "bouquet" some of them are secondary - a consequence of those made earlier and not eliminated in time.

No. 1. Drop in water level in a well or well

The water flows for a while, then the flow is interrupted. The pump (e.g. vibrating) can continue to work, units with built-in thermostat or float switch off. In the presence of protection against dry running, it works. This problem is mainly observed in summer, when aquifers are depleted (a lot of water in the private sector is spent on irrigating cultivated areas, low rainfall). Also, troubles await the owners if mistakes are made during drilling and well construction or its flow rate is incorrectly determined.

Dynamic level may change during the season

In order to avoid pump failure, it is necessary to use protection against dry running. Drilling a well for water should be ordered from a contractor with a good reputation and all permits, which observes all the nuances of the technology, provides a real guarantee and issues a passport to the user for the well. When choosing a drilling depth, listen to the advice of professionals. If the well is old, it may need to be cleaned.

In this case, the pump indicator is considered, indicated in the passport as l./min. (m 3 / h). Sometimes it turns out that the water is pumped out too quickly, and the casing does not have time to fill. As a result, we have the same “dry run” as in the first paragraph, the “symptoms” will be similar. This usually happens when a large number of points of analysis are turned on at the same time, or “massive” watering of the garden is carried out through pipes / hoses of large diameter.

The performance of pumping equipment should be accurately selected, which should correspond to the performance of the well. The power reserve, if allowed, is small. It is also important how much water can be consumed at the facility at a time or per hour. If the flow rate of the source is small, then sometimes the problem is solved by a competent organization of water analysis - do not turn on all the taps at once.

Number 3. The pressure of the pump is not enough to raise the water and pump it into the house

The pressure characteristic reflects the ability of the equipment to transport water to a certain height at nominal capacity. In other words, if you have a well 50 meters deep, then a device whose passport indicates a total head of 30 meters simply will not squeeze water to the surface. At the same time, you will hear the sound of the motor until the thermal relay turns off the power.

The graph shows the relationship between pump performance and water head

Important! The horizontal section must also be taken into account. It is usually proposed to equate 10 meters of horizontal pipe to 1 meter of vertical. But if the pipeline has increased indicators of local resistance (many elbows, taps, tees, filters, etc.), it is better to count in a ratio of 5:1.

No. 4. Mains voltage drop

For most pumps, voltage fluctuations become critical. If the drawdown in the network is below 200 volts, then, as a rule, the submersible pump does not turn on at all or starts to work, but the pressure drops sharply, up to a complete stop of water movement (lack of performance) when the motor is running.

You can find the problem with measuring instruments. You can also temporarily connect the pump to the generator - if the water has gone, then the snag is in the power supply. It will be possible to obtain a stable voltage using a stabilizer or an autotransformer.

No. 5. Clogged pipeline, shut-off and control valves, filter on the pump

Similar troubles are observed during the initial start-up, for example, after assembling a new system or after servicing an already operating one. During installation, dirt or foreign particles (linen, scraps of fum tape, etc.) can get into the pipes, which clog filters, cartridges and mixer meshes. It is recommended to be careful when laying pipelines, installing fittings and piping equipment.

Cleanliness is the key to the flawless operation of automated plumbing

If there is a lot of debris, sand, silt in the well, the mesh and impellers of the injection unit become clogged, the submersible pump hums, but does not pump. The only way to fix the problem is to lift the pump to the surface and flush. It is necessary to temporarily let the device work in a container without a check valve and a connected pipe (“through itself”).

Important! Listen to the pump, for almost any problem with the water supply to the top, the sound of the motor changes - usually it becomes quieter.

No. 6. Pipe disconnected from pump or damaged

In this situation, bubbling sounds are heard from the water source. The problem occurs when the pump is working and turned on, but the duct is blocked. Sometimes this happens if the connection is not made correctly (the clamp on the hose is loosely tightened or the HDPE pipe is not fully inserted into the fitting). A common mistake is hanging the pump incorrectly when the cable/cord is loose and all the weight is on the pipe. Pipe ruptures are possible only due to marriage or mechanical damage.

It makes sense to check the quality of the pipe itself and the connection to the pump on the surface. To do this, you can perform a test pumping of water from the tank, including with a short-term artificial blocking of the flow.

No. 7. The pump is out of order

If you hear the sound of the engine, and all the “search activities” did not give a result, perhaps something happened to the blowing unit, or rather, to its mechanical part. For example, for centrifugal pumps, plastic impellers on the shaft may begin to scroll, for vibrating devices, the piston becomes unusable, the stem breaks, etc. In most cases, this is a consequence of operation with the problems listed above, or the solid life of the pump makes itself felt. The way out is to lift, test on the surface, disassemble (preferably in a service center).

Drawing conclusions

In winter, water in some section of the pipe can freeze and block the duct. Sometimes everything is tritely simple - they forgot to open some kind of shut-off valve. Of course, it is impossible to discuss all possible breakdowns and errors, but these are the main ones to start with. In any case, the main thing is to choose the right components of the system and carefully assemble it. Manufacturers of pumps and other equipment used should be followed, and troubleshooting should begin as soon as something goes wrong.

Video: choosing a submersible pump

The purpose of the pumping station is to supply water to the private sector. The equipment is installed if the central highway does not pass nearby. The rise of water is carried out from a reservoir or a well. In order to save money, do-it-yourself repairs and maintenance are possible.

The composition of the pumping station and the purpose of the parts

Pumping equipment represents nodes connected between failures, these include:

Pump. Its task is to lift water from a reservoir and deliver it through a pipeline to its destination.
Hydraulic accumulator. It is divided into 2 parts by a special elastic partition. One is filled with gas and the other with water. The purpose of the node is to maintain the required level of pressure in the system during a temporary shutdown of the station.
. Its task is to keep the liquid from flowing back when the pump is turned off.
The control unit consists of a pressure gauge and a relay. These devices record the level of pressure in the pipeline and control the operation of the system.
Power supply.

Before turning on the equipment, the relay sets the upper pressure threshold and the lower one. The supply of fluid to the accumulator is carried out until the pressure in it is equal to the set upper indicator. The pump then switches off automatically.

With the opening of the valve, the liquid enters the pipeline from the accumulator, and the pressure begins to decrease. As soon as it reaches the lower value, the relay sends a signal to the pump for the next water injection.

In the event of a continuous flow of liquid, the system does not shut down because the pressure is not able to reach the upper limit.

After turning off the taps, the equipment continues to work in order to reach the upper threshold level, and then turns off. During the next turn on, the pressure starts to rise again.

Problems and malfunctions of pumping stations and their correction

During the operation of water pumps, various breakdowns occur. In order to carry out high-quality repairs of pumping stations, you need to know which nodes most often fail and how to troubleshoot. Whatever equipment is installed for a private house, breakdowns are always typical.

The pumping station does not turn off, does not gain pressure

The reasons are as follows:

Lack of water in the well. This must not be allowed, because there is a risk of engine burnout as a result of overheating. To prevent this from happening, a sensor is required that would give a shutdown command.
Insufficient highway traffic. The reason may be the small diameter of the pipes, blockage or loss of tightness.
Check valve failure. Requires disassembly and troubleshooting.
Filter clogged. It needs to be cleaned or replaced.
Oxidation of relay contacts. The device is removed and cleaned of scale.
Development of the pump impeller. The water stops flowing up. If it is not possible to replace the part, a new pump must be installed.
Low voltage in the network. As a result, the relay does not work. A stabilizer connection is required.

Repair of the pumping station: often included

Frequent switching on will adversely affect the operation of the device. The reasons may be as follows:

Small hydraulic accumulator. The use of the accumulated water is proceeding rapidly. Due to its constant shortage, the pump has to turn on more often. To prevent this from happening, it is allowed to connect an additional storage tank.
Incorrectly set relay. Frequent switching on occurs because the resulting pressure in the accumulator is lower than that set on the device.
Check valve failure. There is no overlap of water, the liquid leaves uncontrollably, the voltage of the water flow in the system is constantly decreasing.
Membrane disruption. This leads to a sharp decrease in pressure when the tap is turned on.
Does not hold the accumulator spool nipple. Its replacement is required.

Air in water

The presence of air in the pipeline is a constant phenomenon, but a large amount of it leads to the flow of fluid through the valve in jerks.

This happens for the following reasons:

The water level in the well has dropped and the lower hose is above the surface. To eliminate this reason, you simply need to lower the pipe below so that its lower part is completely covered with water.
Loss of tightness of the pipeline. Air is sucked in through the cracks. All butt joints need to be checked. Found gaps need to be eliminated.

The pump station does not turn on

If the pumping station does not start, then pay attention to the following factors:

Voltage. If the network does not provide the required parameters, the station will not work.
The pump has failed. In this case, it needs to be replaced or repaired.
Break in cord. We need to find this place and close the gap.
Contact oxidation. They need to be cleaned up.

The motor hums, but does not pump water, the impeller does not rotate

The reasons can be both electrical and mechanical in nature.

Low voltage.
Burnout in the terminal block of the capacitor. Determined by the tester and changed if necessary.
Check valve clogged. It needs cleaning.
Impeller jamming. To do this, the pump rises to the surface and an attempt is made to turn the shaft manually. If this fails, the unit is disassembled and the cause of the problem is investigated. In some cases, it is eliminated at home, and sometimes you have to turn to specialists.

Some types of repair work

Depending on the complexity of the breakdown, repairs are carried out by hand or craftsmen are invited for this purpose. Simple tasks include cleaning the filter or clearing a clogged check valve. A more complex repair requires a faulty accumulator. Here you need to have knowledge and experience of similar work.

Replacing the pear accumulator

The first sign of a broken membrane (“pear”) will be a sharp decrease in water pressure. The fluid is supplied with air. The first step is to check the pressure in the accumulator, which should correspond to 1.5 atm. If it is absent, then the membrane is replaced. The order of work is as follows:

The device is disconnected from the network, the water is drained and the flange is unscrewed.
A torn pear is removed, the tank is inspected for rust. If it exists, it must be removed. After that, the container is dried.
Instead of the old pear, a new membrane is installed, and the flange is put in place.

Continuous water supply to the house depends on the stability of the hydraulic equipment. Failure can have various causes, both structural and operational. Many of them can be eliminated on their own, therefore, when the pumping station does not pump water, it is worthwhile to carry out timely diagnostics of the main components.

no pressure

The pump is not always able to enter the operating mode. In fact, the liquid enters through the outlet pipe, but it does not have time to reach the maximum value in terms of the number of atmospheres. Accordingly, the upper limit of the parameter is not reached, although there is no shutdown, and the pumping station is running.

The phenomenon may be the result of such events:

low voltage supplied to electrical appliances;
low pump power or the presence of operational wear of mating structural elements;
water losses due to poor-quality connections at technological joints, as well as a possible breakthrough of a pipe or one of the elements of the hydraulic circuit;
airing of pipes, characteristic of certain models of surface pumps.

Working out on parts or low power

It happens that the pumping station does not pump properly due to the fact that its performance characteristics are not able to achieve the tasks assigned to it.

The parameters were initially selected or calculated incorrectly. The calculations did not take into account or led to a large error in the values:

the height of the water column from the well or well;
the level of consumer accommodation;
water pipe diameter;
depth of fluid intake, etc.

In long-term operation equipment, the consequences of its wear and tear may appear:

the impeller changes in geometrical parameters;
cracks or corrosion effects appear on the body;
membranes of vibration pumps are damaged;
rubber elements lose elasticity and minimize tightness.

In such situations, the pumping station does not gain the necessary effort for full-fledged work, but partial supply will be carried out. The upper pressure threshold cannot be reached. In this case, the hydraulics can function without stopping, which can lead to an early failure of the electrical part.

The cardinal solution of the issue is the complete replacement of the water supply complex with equipment with the required characteristics.

It is also possible to lower the set high pressure value. If breakdowns are detected, it is enough to carry out visual diagnostics and purchase a repair kit of gaskets or consumables. If possible, the damaged housing is reinforced with sealant or epoxy.

VIDEO: Water supply station. Main malfunctions, causes and recommendations for selection

Leak detection

Let's figure out why the pumping station does not produce the desired result with full compliance with the performance characteristics. The most likely situations are the presence of leaks in the circuit.

The reason lies in the depressurization of the pipeline:

valve is leaking;
the pipe is damaged due to corrosion or mechanically;
at the connecting joints, the fastening has weakened due to loosening of the clamps or insufficient sealing of the assembly.

It is necessary to conduct a thorough inspection of the entire length of the water supply from the intake point to consumers.

Weak tension and airing

The culprit for the fact that the equipment does not pump the required volume of liquid may be a low voltage in the mains. We measure the current value and, if necessary, set the stabilizer.

The problem with surface pumps is the possible penetration of portions of air. This often happens in systems that do not have ejectors. The event occurs due to the fact that the water goes down to the place where the check valve is installed. There may be a depressurization of the pipe at the junction with the pump or in the area located between the pump and the intake area.

No liquid at the pump outlet

Owners of autonomous water supply may encounter a situation in which, after starting the pump, no liquid is supplied to consumers. In fact, the system does not show signs of operability, and the pumping station does not pump water. In such cases, you should do the following:

the presence of voltage in the network that comes to the house is controlled;
the current supply to the pressure switch and to the pump motor is checked, which is not visually damaged, but does not pump water;
visual inspection of the cable to detect damage;
with a tester or multimeter we measure the presence of electricity, after removing the cover from the relay, it will also be possible to see the possible burning of the contacts that interrupt the circuit;
if current reaches the relay, and then the electrical parts do not work, then the electric motor may be the culprit, so it is necessary to unscrew the cover on the boron contacts (“box” on the motor) and identify the integrity of the assembly;
if a characteristic smell of a burnt winding of an electric motor is detected, it is worth giving it in for repair, since it will not work to rewind the winding on its own.

It must be taken into account that at each type of station (with a surface or deep pump) different or general negative phenomena may appear.

VIDEO: Why the station is constantly turning on and off

Typical problems for outdoor equipment

The design of models of pumping stations of the classical type, with a pump installed on the surface, can be of three types:

the ejector is built into the design of the pump;
the ejector is taken out of the structure;
ejector installation is not provided.

Problems may be of the following nature:

There is no water in the suction pipe. It is first necessary to fill water into surface pumps that do not have an ejector. Otherwise, the fluid supply will be excluded. If the liquid was filled in, but subsequently "left", then this is evidence of a depressurization at one of the joints or a poor-quality check valve.
Violation of the tightness of the connection of the suction pipe. In this case, unauthorized pumping of air into the system occurs. It is important to visually check the joints and the performance of the inlet filter.
Check valve problems. Not only the valve can become clogged, but also its strainer. The reason is the small depth of the well or well, which leads to clogging with sand, silt or clay. It is enough to lift the intake part from the depth and clean it.
Impeller jamming. It happens that after a long break in work, the impeller is fixed in one position. The motor power is not enough to turn it. It is enough to manually rotate the shaft several times around its axis to relieve tension.

A burnt capacitor is also a common cause of pump problems. During the start, a characteristic sound will be heard, in which the impeller does not rotate.
Lowering of the water level. The lack of water on the consumer side often indicates a decrease in the liquid level in the well. This phenomenon may be seasonal for certain regions.

For a sufficient volume of water, it is necessary to correctly determine the flow rate before casing and, accordingly, select the appropriate equipment.

A large number of abrasive particles leads to rapid wear of certain elements. The body or through passages, as well as valve seats, can be worn out. The impeller is also subject to wear. You can fix the problem by replacing worn parts or the unit as a whole.

It is worth considering that in some cases the problem can be complex. There will be several reasons in such a case, and they will have to be eliminated sequentially.

VIDEO: Why the pumping station does not pump water

Common problems and how to fix them

Constant pressure in the water supply system of a private house is usually created using a pumping station. It is clear that it is better if it works without problems, but breakdowns happen from time to time.

To quickly restore the water supply and save on services, you can repair the pumping station with your own hands.

Most of the breakdowns can be fixed on their own - you don’t have to do anything super complicated.

Pumping station - a set of separate devices interconnected. To understand how to repair a pumping station, you need to know what it consists of, how each of the parts works. Then troubleshooting is easier. The composition of the pumping station:

Submersible or surface pump. Pumps water from a well or well, maintains a stable pressure in the system. It is connected to the house with pipes.
A check valve must be installed on the pipeline. It does not allow water to drain from the pipes back into the well or well when the pump is turned off. It is usually installed at the end of the pipe, lowered into the water. What does the pumping station consist of
Hydraulic accumulator or membrane tank. Metal hermetic container, divided into two halves by an elastic membrane. In one, air (an inert gas) is under pressure, in the other, until a certain pressure is created, water is pumped. A hydraulic accumulator is necessary to reduce the number of pump starts and extend its service life. Creates and maintains the required pressure in the system and a small reserve supply of water in case of station inoperability.
Block of control and management of the pumping station. Usually this is a pressure gauge and pressure switch, installed between the pump and the accumulator. A manometer is a control device that allows you to evaluate the pressure in the system. The pressure switch controls the operation of the pump - it gives commands to turn it on and off. The pump is turned on when the lower pressure threshold in the system is reached (usually 1-1.6 atm), and it is turned off when the upper threshold is reached (for one-story buildings 2.6-3 atm).

Each of the parts is responsible for a certain parameter, but one type of malfunction can be caused by the failure of various devices.

Now let's look at how all these devices work. When the system is first started, the pump pumps water into the accumulator until the pressure in it (and in the system) equals the upper threshold set on the pressure switch. While there is no water flow, the pressure is stable, the pump is off.

Each part does its job

A faucet was opened somewhere, the water was drained, etc. For a while, water comes from the accumulator. When its quantity decreases so much that the pressure in the accumulator drops below the threshold, the pressure switch is activated and turns on the pump, which pumps water again. It turns off again, the pressure switch, when the upper threshold is reached - the shutdown threshold.

If there is a constant flow of water (a bath is taken, watering the garden / vegetable garden is turned on), the pump works for a long time: until the required pressure is created in the accumulator.

After the flow has stopped, the station works for some time, creating the required reserve in the gyroaccumulator, then it turns off and on after the water flow appears again.

All pumping stations consist of the same parts and their breakdowns are mostly typical. It makes no difference whether the equipment is Grundfos, Jumbo, Alco or any other company. Diseases and their treatment are the same. The difference is how often these malfunctions occur, but their list and causes are usually identical.

Pump station installation options

Sometimes you notice that the pump has been running for a long time and will not turn off in any way. If you look at the pressure gauge, you can see that the pumping station is not gaining pressure. In this case, the repair of the pumping station is a lengthy business - you will have to sort out a large number of reasons:

There is no water in the well or well. If this is true, this situation is called “dry running” and threatens that the motor will burn out. The water that the pump pumps is used to cool the motor. There is no water, it overheats and burns out. To protect against such a situation, special protection is needed: water level sensors (float and electric).
Large suction line resistance (large length with small pipe diameter) or air leakage (leaky connection).
- To eliminate highway influence, lower the suction pipe into the drum next to the pump. If the pressure rises normally, the route is to blame and you either need to seal it at the joints, or lay thicker pipes or straighten the existing one (fewer elbows and joints).
- To check tightness suction line, after turning off the station, watch the pressure gauge for a while. If the pressure drops when the taps are closed, there is a leak in the system. If not, the system is sealed. Do-it-yourself pumping station repair will help save money
Pipe filter clogged or check valve. They are taken out, cleaned, checked for operability, lowered into place and a test run is carried out.
Another possible reason that the pump does not turn off is a malfunction of the pressure switch or an incorrectly set pump shutdown limit:
- The pressure limit at which the pump should turn off is too high, the pump is simply not able to build up the required pressure. Then we spend pressure switch adjustment(reduce the trip limit).
- Check relay contacts- clean them from scale (dark plaque) with sandpaper with a very fine grain (you can use a nail file).
- Troubleshoot the pressure switch by cleaning it ( remove salt from adjustment springs and clean the inlet and outlet). Just be careful not to damage the inlet membrane. If this does not help, a replacement is required.

If the shutdown limit of the pressure switch is much lower than the maximum pressure that the pump can create, and for some time it worked normally, but then it stopped, the reason is different.

It is possible that the impeller has worked on the pump. Immediately after the purchase, he coped, but during the operation the impeller was worn out and "now there is not enough strength."

Repair of the pumping station in this case is the replacement of the pump impeller or the purchase of a new unit.

To unlock or replace the impeller, remove the casing

Frequent switching on of the pump and short periods of its operation lead to rapid wear of the equipment, which is very undesirable. Therefore, the repair of the pumping station should be carried out immediately after the discovery of the "symptom". This situation occurs for the following reasons:

Hydraulic accumulator too small. When choosing a pumping station for a house and a summer residence, they often take a small volume hydraulic accumulator - 24 liters or 32 liters. This is very small, since the supply of water in such tanks is only 30-50% of its total volume, that is, only 7-12 liters of water can be pumped into a 24-liter tank. Naturally, such a volume of water is consumed very quickly, which is why the pump turns on often. The method of treatment is the installation of an additional hydraulic accumulator (it is connected in parallel to the already installed one).
Incorrectly set limits for the pressure switch. To avoid this situation, you can increase the delta (the difference between the pressure to turn off and turn on the pump) and thereby lower the threshold for turning on the pump (optimally - 1-1.5 atm). One important point: the pressure at which the pump turns on must be 0.2 atm lower than the pressure in the accumulator. The pumping station can often turn on just because the pressure in the accumulator is lower than the set threshold for turning on the pump. That's why:
- Checking the pressure in the accumulator. To do this, remove the plastic cover, under it is a nipple (like a bicycle one). We connect the pressure gauge, check the pressure. It is usually in the range of 1-1.5 atm. We bleed or inflate (with a bicycle or car pump screwed to the same nipple) so that it is normal.
- Adjust the pressure switch. Having selected the parameters, you should get a normally working system. The pressure switch is regulated by two springs
Clogged check valve. If the valve does not shut off the water, it leaves the system, the pressure drops, the pump turns on. The frequency of switching on is about 10-20 minutes. Exit - check and clean the non-return valve, replace if necessary.
Also, the reason may be damage to the accumulator membrane. At the same time, in addition to the frequent switching on of the pump, water is also supplied in jerks: when the station is running with high pressure, when it is turned off, the pressure immediately drops. In this case, there are two options - the membrane itself or the fold has leaked which attaches it to the body. In both cases, you will have to disconnect the accumulator and change the faulty part.
Her one reason for the frequent operation of the pump and the water supply in irregularities is a broken spool at the top of the accumulator. To replace it, you will have to remove the accumulator, remove the membrane and replace the nipple.

Now you know why the pumping station often turns on and what to do about it. By the way, there is another possible reason - leakage of the pipeline or some connection, so if all of the above does not apply to your case, check if the joint is leaking somewhere.

Air in water

There is always a small amount of air in the water, but when the faucet starts to “spit”, something is not working properly. There can also be several reasons:

The mirror of water descended and the pump draws water in half with air. The solution in this case is simple - lower the nozzle or the pump itself below.
The piping has become leaky and air enters through one or more connections. Elimination - checking the connections and restoring the tightness. One of the reasons for the large amount of air in the water is the loss of tightness in the suction pipe

the pump is clogged with dirt;
the pump motor is broken;
the pressure switch settings are off;
the integrity of the rubber membrane in the hydraulic tank is broken;
there are cracks in the hydraulic tank housing, etc.

What is a pumping station?

Owners of their own water supply system on the territory of a private house or cottage often encounter various kinds of malfunctions. Basically, pumping stations contain the following elements:

water pump;
hydraulic accumulator;
relay;
manometer.

The main task of the water pump is to draw water from the right source. Popular among consumers are surface pumps installed either in special rooms of the house, or in caissons adapted for this. The pump must have sufficient power to lift water from the well, move to the house and raise it to the upper draw-off point of the dwelling.

An important component is a hydraulic accumulator (storage tank) with a capacity of 20 liters or more. A hydraulic accumulator is a metal container, the task of which is to keep constant pressure in the pipelines of the station. A successful battery model in the form of a metal cylinder with a rubber membrane inside. The membrane stretches and goes back to its previous position, depending on whether the pumping station is working or not.

The relay turns the pump on and off, determining the need for its operation by the water level in the tank. The pressure gauge is designed to indicate the pressure level in the water supply system. The presented set of nodes and equipment of the water supply station can work as a single system, and each individual element can also work on its own.

How to ensure the stable operation of the water supply system

If the pump works, at first glance, properly, and at the same time there is no water in the tap, the way to correct the situation is determined by the cause of the problem. To detect it, you will have to check some parameters and operating conditions.

Determine condition and performancecheck valve, which is located inside the well or well. Debris or sand that has fallen into it can prevent opening, and a closed valve does not allow fluid to rise to the pump.
Check whether the section of pipeline between the pumping unit and the source is filled with water. Sometimes due to equipment failure, power failure or other disturbances, this gap remains empty, which prevents the pump from pumping liquid. The discovered void can be filled through a special hole.
Pumping station in a house with a pipeline connected to it from a water source
The most difficult situation the presence of a large amount of insoluble impurities in water with abrasive action. Often, there is a large output between the housing and the impeller of the unit. “Depleted” pumping stations for water supply for a private house require expensive repairs. In this case, it will be necessary to replace the equipment (housing and impeller, if you can find on sale components identical to those available, or the entire pump).
Lack of water in the well It can also cause no water to enter the system when the pump is running. One of the simplest solutions is to immerse the supply hose or pipeline deeper (but within the limits specified in the operating instructions).

Jerk mode is called frequent switching on and off of the pumping unit in automatic mode.

In this case, you should start checking the system by determining the pressure in the air chamber of the accumulator. You can determine the pressure using a car pressure gauge. If it is lowered, try pumping air into the chamber with a pump. Wait a while and measure again. If the pressure drops again, look for and eliminate the place of depressurization.

If the pumping station works jerkily, the reason may lie in damage to the diaphragm. To eliminate the defect, it must be replaced.

Frequent switching on and off may be the result of a malfunction of the pressure switch.

If, during proper operation of the pump, the water from the tap comes out in pulsating shocks, it means that air is leaking in the system. All communications between the well (well) and the pump should be checked for leaks. Particular attention must be paid to the water level in the source and the correspondence of the pipe diameter to the suction height. The smaller the diameter, the smaller the height should be. For example, a pipe diameter of 25 mm (or 1 inch) corresponds to a suction head of about 9 meters.

If the automatic shutdown of the pump does not work, it is impossible to operate such a water supply system. Emergency operation can lead to premature wear or destruction of equipment.

The reason for the non-stop operation of the pump is the incorrect operation of the pressure switch or its failure. In most cases, the repair of the pressure switch of the pumping station is reduced to adjusting the device and setting the parameters for switching on and off using the nuts on the springs under the cover of the device.

Pressure switch device - nut P is responsible for setting the lower pressure level in the accumulator, Δ P nut - for setting the difference between the upper and lower pressure levels

Another option for violations is blocking the relay with salt deposits when the water quality in the source is low. In this case, it is necessary to remove the relay and clean the hole that comes into contact with water.

The pump does not turn on

In most cases, the failure to turn on the pump is associated with an open circuit. A tester will be required to carefully check and detect a gap. First of all, you should check the supply lines and pressure switches. In the latter case, pay attention to the condition of the contacts - an oxide layer may form on them, which can be removed by cleaning using a needle file or fine-grained sandpaper.

A burned out engine can be restored by rewinding, but in some cases a new unit will be required.

To repair the pumping station with your own hands, with such “symptoms”, it may also be necessary to replace the failed starting capacitor.

If the rotating parts of the pump do not move when turned on, and a characteristic hum appears, then the reasons for this phenomenon may be:

jamming of the impeller due to its “sticking” to the body during long-term storage of the pumping unit without use (you can correct the situation by moving the impeller from its place manually and scrolling it several times),
capacitor failure (replace),
change in the parameters of the supply network (voltage is much lower than the nominal).

The power unit of the vast majority of pumping stations is a centrifugal pump. A simple and cheap design has proven itself in individual water supply. The only problem is unstable work after a long break. This is especially evident with the onset of the summer season. Resuscitation of equipment occurs as a result of successive actions to displace air from the system.