Arum (aronnik) spotted - Arum maculatum
Sem. Araceae (Araceae)
He gave the name to the family - Aronnikovye or Aroid. Other names: aronnik, starch root, bovine tongue, snake flower.
Aronica spotted tubers in the form of an infusion are drunk with inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth and throat, with a hoarse voice and cough. Infusion: a teaspoon of roots is infused for 8 hours in a glass warm water and drink before meals for a day in sips.
The secrets of the smelly flower of the Mediterranean lily of the genus Arum - how it manages to imitate the smell of animal rot from plant chemical components. The Mediterranean flower imitates the stench of rotting flesh so perfectly that it tempts the flies, which lay their eggs in it and pollinate the flowers in the process. The eggs then hatch into larvae that starve to death because there is no real food in the flower. Known for its art of tricking flies, this unique flower has been the subject of extensive research by Swedish scientists. Read more.
Most aroids grow in the tropics and subtropics, in the temperate zone there are only a few species that are of interest to amateur floriculture.
Arum is a plant with a large tuber (from 5 to 20 cm in diameter) and thick roots that are located around the renewal bud. The inflorescence is a dark cherry cob at least 20 cm long and an exotic spathe, 30-40 cm long, spirally twisted sulphurous yellow with dark cherry dots and strokes. After flowering, truly magnificent leaves develop. Petiole height 50 - 70 cm, thick green with dark cherry spots, similar to snake skin, 5-parted with a diameter of up to 70 cm. Over the summer, a large tuber develops 2-3 leaves. The plant flowers in April-May.
Green berries turn red when ripe. They have a sweet taste. Chewing leaves or berries is dangerous.
CALLA - (Calla aethiopica = Zantedeschia aethiopica = Richardia africana).
Comes from South Africa. Leaves close to the ground, arrow-shaped, white beautiful bedspread surrounds the yellow spadix. It also blooms during the winter months. Grown as a houseplant. Bouquets of flowers can often be seen at weddings and other celebrations.
Arum cornatum (synonymous with saaromatum cornatum)
Quite a rare exotic plant with amazingly beautiful leaves and unusual flowering. Arum is a perennial tuberous plant belonging to one of the most ancient and wonderful families flower plants- aroid. Many of them with an original shape and color of leaves, with unusually beautiful inflorescences, are of great decorative value and have long been introduced into culture (calla, anthurium, etc.).
Most aroids grow in the tropics and subtropics, in the temperate zone there are only a few species that are of interest to amateur floriculture. Arum is a plant with a large tuber (from 5 to 20 cm in diameter) and thick roots that are located around the renewal bud. The inflorescence is a dark cherry cob at least 20 cm long and an exotic spathe, 30-40 cm long, spirally twisted sulphurous yellow with dark cherry dots and strokes. After flowering, truly magnificent leaves develop. Petiole height 50 - 70 cm, thick green with dark cherry spots, similar to snake skin, 5-parted with a diameter of up to 70 cm. Over the summer, a large tuber develops 2-3 leaves. In the spring of 1989, I bought a small tuber of this amazing plant, which was planted in a pot and grown in a room on the window. Soon after planting, a strong sprout appeared, from which a very beautiful leaf subsequently developed, which delighted us all summer. In autumn, I noticed that the plant began to turn yellow, I stopped watering until the leaves completely dried out. The tuber was taken out of the pot, cleaned of old roots and plant debris. To my surprise, he greatly increased in diameter and formed many children. Everything was dried well at room temperature and then stored at a temperature of + 5 0C. In March, I examined the tubers, they all had developed renewal buds, after a few days I noticed that a sprout had significantly increased on a large tuber, before planting. Soon they were surprised by the unusual flowering - without land and water! The flowering tuber was placed in a beautiful porcelain vessel, where it delighted us for 10 days. After the flower withered, a new bud appeared, from which magnificent leaves subsequently developed. Flowering, although it was essentially a forcing, did not cause any harm to the further development of the plant.
Then he began to use this property of the plant and after 2-3 months of cooling the tubers to produce dry forcing. In the spring of 1992, at the beginning of May, I tried to plant plants in the garden. Large bulbs that were not subjected to forcing soon bloomed, which surprised me very much, because flowering did not occur under room conditions without dry forcing. spring frosts did not damage the plants, and subsequently developed magnificent leaves, much larger and more colorful than at home. Plants developed well both in the shade and in the sun, require constantly moist soil, in the heat - frequent watering. Everyone who has seen these magnificent plants in my garden, they are always admired, because they create a real corner of the tropics. Leaves die off only in October. The dug tubers truly surprised me with their size, the weight of some of them reached 3 kg with a diameter of more than 20 cm, almost spherical in shape, because there are a lot of children, it was not possible to choose everything for the winter, but they overwintered well and in the spring they rose together, since then began to practice wintering arum in open ground, covering the tubers with a thick layer of fallen leaves and spruce branches. With the onset of stable cold weather, I cover with a sheet of roofing material. In most cases, the tubers overwinter well, but this can only be done with a sufficient amount of planting material, in the control I definitely have dug out tubers, which are well stored in the cellar at + 2-5 0С.
Arum - very interesting plant with an exotic look. It can be recommended both for planting in houses and in amateur gardens, near water bodies in combination with ferns, lysichiton, Manchurian saxifrage, astilbe, and also in shady rockeries.
- Gennady LITAVRIN 13570, Moscow, st. Krasny Mayak, 11, bldg. 2, apt. 5
Aronnik (arum) is a rather unusual representative of the flora, which is very popular with gardeners. it amazing plant significantly simplifies the life of its owner, as it is a real decoration of the garden, while it absolutely does not require high costs time and effort to care.
Due to its unusual cob inflorescence and arrow-shaped leaves, the plant looks like a canna. Feature of this ornamental plant consists in the fact that at the end of July its leaves die off, leaving only a peduncle with bright berries.
Aronnik (lat. Arum) is a herbaceous perennial that belongs to the aronnikov or aroid family. The aronnikov family is quite large and includes more than 3000 species. The homeland of arum is considered to be northern Africa, but it can often be found in forests in southern Europe, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. Although arum is perennial plant, in our latitudes it is grown either as a pot plant or as garden annual. Aronnik is an exotic culture, the leaves of which bloom only after it has faded. The flower is propagated by seeds, lateral processes, dividing the bush.
Aronnik blooms in May, when the earth warms up enough and light penumbra forms under the crown of trees. The inflorescence, formed on a bare powerful stem, resembles the inflorescence of arizema in shape. It contains many small flowers, which can be red, hot pink, yellow and creamy pink.
Over time, a bract cover forms around it. It is quite dense and reaches half a meter in length and only 10 cm in width. The color of the bract on the outside can be olive, light green, various kinds patterns and specks of other colors may be observed. Inner part dyed bright purple.
But not only the unusualness of the flower attracts gardeners. The leaves of the plant, which are more like leaves, also look very exotic. tropical palms. They are spear-shaped and bright green in color with various spots. The leaves of the aronnik are very similar to the leaves of chemionitis, in connection with which the decorative appearance of this fern was called chemionitis aronnikolist.
In July on the spot spectacular flower red or orange fleshy berries with several seeds are formed. In August, the berries ripen, become bright scarlet and glossy in appearance, and it is during this period that the plant looks especially exotic and original. But you should be extremely careful with the fruits of aronika, as they are quite poisonous and can lead to serious poisoning.
Varieties of aronnik
Science knows 26 varieties of arum. In our latitudes you can find the following species:
- Aronnik spotted (Arum maculatum). Herbaceous perennial up to 65 cm tall. The leaves of the aronnik are spotted light green in color with unusual spots, have an arrow-shaped shape. The elongated inflorescence is enclosed in a variegated leaf-shaped wrapper. Brown-violet flowers form an inflorescence-cob. The berries of the spotted aronnik are initially green, then acquire a scarlet hue. Aronnik spotted is frost-resistant species, propagated by self-sowing. In the wild, it can be found on the territory of Moldova, Ukraine, in the Balkans. Aronnik rhizome is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- Aronnik Italian, Italicum or White-winged (Arum italicum). decorative look which reaches 70 cm in height. The leaves of the Italian aronnik are large (up to 69 cm in length), matte, with wavy edges and stripes golden color. The pattern on the leaves is somewhat reminiscent of Italian marble. Italian aronnik blooms from April to early June. The flowers are pastel, creamy yellow. The fruits appear at the end of summer.
- Cretan aronnik (Arum creticum). This type of arum is the pride of its kind. beautiful plant distinguished by glossy dark green arrow-shaped leaves and fragrant inflorescences, consisting of a bright yellow spathe and a golden cob that protrudes half the length of the flower. The plant reaches a height of only 30-50 cm and forms a bush about 20 cm in diameter. In the photo you can often see the image of the Cretan aronnik, decorating spring borders and garden plots.
- Aronnik elongated (Arum elongatum). A low perennial about 35 cm tall with original spear-shaped leaves, the lateral lobes of which are bent back. The stem of the elongated aronnik is powerful, fleshy. An oblong peduncle with a purple cob is wrapped in a whitish veil over 25 cm in length. The cover has an elongated point at the end, which is why the name of the plant came from. The smell of elongated aronnik is unpleasant, toilet. The tubers of the plant are used in folk medicine. Aronnik elongated blooms in April-May.
- Common aronnik or tarragon (Arum dracunculus). A tall plant reaches 90 cm in height. The leaves are light green in color, about 20 cm long, divided into segments. Powerful stems and leaf petioles are covered with brownish spots, which gives the plant an exotic snake color. The cover around the inflorescence of the common aronnik reaches half a meter. Outside, it is painted in bright green tones, and inside - burgundy. Dark purple inflorescence appears in early summer.
- Aronnik Dragon (Arum Dracunculus vulgaris). Collectible unpretentious plant about 1 m tall. The flowers are large, dark red. The inflorescence reaches 25 cm in length, dark blue, almost black. During flowering, it emits a persistent unpleasant odor.
Planting and plant care
long flowering and rapid growth can be achieved only by choosing the right place for landing. Arum likes nutritious, drained and permeable soils. It is necessary to plant a plant in the soil warmed by the sun, the middle or end of May is best suited for this. Planting depth should not exceed 8 cm, and the distance to neighboring plants should not exceed 40 cm.
Aronnik is a shade-loving crop, so the plant will feel good under the crown of high deciduous trees. Top dressing with complex fertilizers should be carried out every two months. Water the plant should be moderate, avoid stagnant moisture. For the winter, exotics are covered with a thick layer of foliage to protect them from frost.
Aronnik is a disease-resistant plant, but sometimes it can be affected by harmful fungi and infections. Similar problems are manifested by rotting of rhizomes and the appearance of brown spots on the leaves. To combat the disease, you can use any fungicides. Pests like mites and nematodes are controlled with insecticides.
Diseases of the aronnik
Despite the fact that aronnik is a rather unpretentious plant in growing, sometimes problems arise that require adjustment of care measures. The main ones are the following:
- Yellowing of tips on leaves. If you notice yellowing of the tips, this may indicate an oversaturation of irrigation water with chlorine. To prevent such problems, it is better to defend the water for irrigation.
- Sluggishness and decay of the stem. Such symptoms indicate a supersaturation of the soil with moisture.
- Leaf dryness. If you notice dry areas along the edges of the leaves, you need to feed the plant with fertilizers, as it lacks nutrients.
- The fragility of the leaves of the aronnik provokes overdried air. To remedy the situation, you should spray the leaves with cool water after sunset.
Aronnik is a perennial herbaceous tuberous plant belonging to the Aroid family. The genus is relatively small, it includes about 30 species. All plants are very beautiful and widely used in breeding work. Aronnik is mainly grown as garden plant. AT recent times he became a frequent visitor to the room and balcony collections.
The plant is decorative throughout the warm period. Its large arrow-shaped glossy leaves are beautiful. The bushes formed by them look very attractive.
The structure of the Aronnik inflorescence is interesting. It consists of small flowers collected on the cob and wrapped in a thin veil. The inflorescence appears before the leaves and can have a variety of sizes and shapes. The ear is short and hidden in a voluminous bedspread or thin and long, protruding above a small colored skirt. As for the bedspread, there are species with white, cream, dark purple, light green colors, sometimes with spots or specks. An even greater range can be seen in the numerous cultivars bred.
Blooming Aronnik of bright pink, red, yellow and yellow-pink shades will become worthy decoration interior. After flowering, the cover dries up, and berries with seeds are tied on the cob. By autumn, they sing, acquire a red color, and Aronnik becomes no less beautiful than in spring. He is undoubtedly able to decorate a balcony flower garden or indoor collection. However, when growing this plant, you must remember that it is poisonous.
cultivation
The tuber and rhizomes of Aronnik are located horizontally relative to the soil surface. The plant does not require large containers to grow. 20 cm is enough. This value is determined by the planting depth of Aronnik tubers - 15 cm. It is more important to pay attention to the diameter of the container. Since the plant grows in width, it needs sufficient space.
Aronnik is transplanted usually at the end of winter. The plant is not demanding on this procedure, but it allows you to make sure that all tubers are healthy.
Aronnik does not need pruning. It is enough to remove the dried above-ground part of the plant leaving the dormant period in late autumn. He does not need additional nutrition, but a small amount mineral fertilizers, made once or twice a season, will not be superfluous.
Diseases and pests
Aphids, onion mites, rot.
reproduction
Lateral processes, dividing the bush, seeds.
First steps after purchase
Acquire Aronnik usually in the form of a finished plant or tuber. When you first meet the plant, it is advisable to inspect the future purchase and make sure that there are no visible signs of pests. This is usually indicated by the sticky surface of the leaves or a dusty coating on their lower surface. A small quarantine will guarantee the health of the newcomer. After following these precautions, you can place Aronnik in a permanent place.
When buying a tuber, it is important to pay attention to red-brown, slightly depressed spots. These are signs of rot, which can be infected with planting material.
Success Secrets
Aronnik prefers fairly bright corners of the house, but can also grow in partial shade. Since the plant is usually grown in the garden, and it winters well in the open ground, provided there is little shelter, temperature regime does not play a significant role for him. The main thing is to provide Aronnik with a cool dormant period when kept indoors or on a balcony.
More demanding plant for watering and humidity. AT warm time years, he needs to provide a sufficient amount of moisture, but without waterlogging. Also, the plant during this period is recommended to be sprayed regularly. Soft water should be used for these procedures. In winter, watering is reduced to a minimum.
Possible difficulties
The tips of the leaves dry
Reasons: 1) insufficient watering, 2) insufficient humidity.
Leaves turn pale
Reasons: 1) insufficient lighting.
Whitish spots appeared on the leaves
Reasons: 1) the plant got sunburn.
Among all the bulbous and tuberous plants, only Voodoo lily can rightfully be considered the real queen of the underworld, because it is a summer-flowering plant with really intriguing properties! Will you be one of those daredevils who will plant a voodoo lily this spring? If you decide to become such a daredevil, then here is our useful advice: buy some clothespins too! What for? Let's tell now!
botanical name for this unusual plant sauromatum veiny (syn. sauromatum drip, s. spotted, s. speckled), in Latin - Sauromatum venosum.
Voodoo lily begins to grow in May and forms a flower consisting of a dark brown cob and a vertical spathe. The combination of greenish-white and reddish-brown spots gives the bedspread a very unusual appearance. As soon as the cob reaches its maximum height, the bedspread begins to curl. It is at this time that the plant uses its "secret weapon". To protect yourself from its "aromatic effects", use your own weapon - a clothespin!
The temperature at the bottom of the flower rises - sometimes it becomes even higher than the temperature environment. At the same time, a strong and very unpleasant odor appears, which attracts insects to pollinate the flowers. Unfortunately, only flies like the scent of voodoo lily. After flowering, the terrible smell disappears and the plant forms green leaf. Like the spathe, the petioles are spotted, and the leaf itself is bright green in color.
The tuber of this plant can grow and bloom even without planting in the soil, as if some African sorcerer really put it on magic spell to bring him to life. It is not surprising that this flower was named Voodoo lily. This plant is native to the tropics of Africa (from Sudan to Malawi and Zambia), but it also grows in the Arabian Peninsula and India. In 1815, the Voodoo lily was brought to Europe as an exotic plant, thanks to which we can also contemplate it now, however, having previously armed ourselves with a clothespin.
Often the owners of this exotic plant the tuber is planted in the garden after flowering. Bad smell no longer threatens, but in the garden this lily develops a very exotic palmate leaf on a straight high petiole, which also looks very impressive.
In autumn, the leaf dies off, the tuber is dug out of the ground and stored in a dry room at a temperature of + 8 + 12 ° C. In January, he is planted and placed in room conditions so that it can bloom.
Be careful: all parts of the plant are poisonous!
Based on materials iBulb
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