Carrots: cultivation and care in the open field. Carrot cultivation in the open field Growing early carrots in the open field

Carrot refers to winter-hardy vegetables that can be sown both before winter and in spring. Cold-resistant crops that are not afraid of the winter "extreme" also include: winter varieties of garlic, black onions, parsley, dill, celery, and beets. There are a number of differences in growing a crop in two ways.

Wise gardeners who are happy to eat juicy young carrots starting in June know that winter sowing of crops has a number of significant advantages.

Root crops are harvested in June. At the beginning of summer, when vitamins in foods are still not enough, and the body needs them so much, fresh root crops will appeal to both children and adults.
In autumn, especially late, when the site is almost cleaned up and all gardening activities are completed, there is much more free time than in early spring, when there is a great deal of work in the garden.
Seating space savings. A bed freed from carrots in the summer can be fully used for growing many crops: leafy greens, cabbage, legumes, beets. That is, from one piece of land they receive 2 full harvest. Especially considering the fact that fertilizers (organic and mineral) were applied under the carrots.
Root crops planted in autumn grow somewhat larger and have a higher sugar content. The fact is that, germinating in early spring, when the soil is still saturated with melt water, the plants receive additional nutrition.

To the disadvantages of cultivating carrots with the help of winter sowing can be attributed to the low keeping quality of grown root crops. But if you need carrots for long-term storage, then you can make several beds in the garden. On one of them, sow the crop in late autumn, and use the root crops for food throughout the summer, and grow vegetables on the rest. traditional way(spring sowing). Then you can prepare carrots for the future and enjoy juicy fruits until next spring.

Carrot varieties should be selected with early ripe and mid-season. Bunch carrots have proven themselves best. A rich harvest is given by early ripening and frost-resistant varieties, with high germination, in particular:

Vitamin 6,
NIIOKh 336,
Moscow winter A-545,
Shantane - 2461,
incomparable,
Losinoostrovskaya 13.

Experienced gardeners are advised to pay attention to the variety Nantes 4, forming a cylindrical root crop with a blunt end and rather lush greenery.

Dragee seeds for sowing in the fall are not suitable, you should choose only raw planting material. Unlike sowing in spring, 20-25% more seeds will be required (some of them freeze in winter, some do not germinate).

Before planting carrots before winter, the seeds should not be soaked and germinated - dry seeds should not germinate in the fall, since the germinated plants die at the first frost, their task is to overwinter in the ground and actively grow in the spring.

Experts claim that carrots are not demanding on their predecessors, but feels best on lands where potatoes, garlic, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers and gourds were previously grown. Carrots can be returned to their original place only after a few years. This is due to the accumulation of carrot fly larvae in the ground - the main pest and enemy of culture.

Carrots grow well in loose soils.. The land under the plot with the culture should be fertile, cultivated, light, well lit and free from snow early. Also, the area under the bed should be flat so that, together with the melt water, the seeds are not carried away from the soil. Proper soil preparation is the key to future harvest.

As soon as the land is freed from its predecessors, all available plant residues are removed from the garden. This is important, since most pests of the garden and vegetable garden hibernate on them.

Then the site is dug up to a depth of about 27-30 cm, with the simultaneous application of mineral (potash, nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic (peat compost and humus) fertilizers. The amount and composition of fertilizers depends on the fertility of the soil in your area.

For example, with a lack of phosphorus in the ground, the roots are formed curved, irregular in shape. These measures improve the structure and looseness of the soil, and also lead to the removal of small weeds. Fresh manure for carrots is not brought in. In those areas where fresh mullein was planted, carrots can only be planted after 2 years.

In early October, the area for winter sowing of carrots is loosened, the grooves are made 3 to 5 cm deep, the bottom is slightly compacted and left in this form until frost sets in. Separately, the soil mixture for backfilling the furrows, as well as mulching materials, are prepared in bags. Bags should be stored in rooms with a positive temperature so that the ground is not frozen and dry.

The soil should freeze to a depth of about 5 cm. middle lane winter sowing of carrots falls on the last days of November, but the dates may shift, depending on unpredictable weather conditions. For the exact date of planting carrots, see lunar calendar.

If snow falls, then it should simply be removed from the garden and planting should begin. The prepared furrows are filled with 1-2 cm of earth, so that on loose soils the seeds are sown to a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm, and on dense soils - 1 cm.

The seeds are densely sown, covered with pre-prepared soil, and then the bed is insulated with organic mulch (compost, humus, peat) with a layer of 2-3 cm. At the first precipitation, it is advisable to shovel the snow onto the bed. And in winters with little snow and in areas with constant droughts, after that it is advisable to carry out snow retention measures on the beds, for example, cover the soil with a layer of large mulch (spruce and pine spruce branches, large branches, fallen leaves).

In early spring, after the snow melts, large mulch is removed from the beds. To accelerate the ripening of carrots, low arcs are installed above the bed, on top of which a film or non-woven material is fixed. The cover is removed when stable warm weather is established (average daily temperature over +15°C).

When the soil dries out, watering is required. With a lack of moisture in the soil, crop growth slows down significantly. When mass seedlings of the crop appear, it is necessary to remove the cover and begin regular weeding and loosening of the soil to destroy the soil crust. AT at the beginning of the growing season, it is desirable to enrich the soil nitrogen containing and other mineral compounds.

It is not recommended to apply organic matter during the growing season of carrots. The most favorable time for applying organic fertilizers is immediately after harvesting or during autumn digging. The first feeding is carried out with the following composition for a standard bucket of water:

double superphosphate (15 gr),
urea (15 gr),
potassium nitrate (15 gr).

Second top dressing carried out after 3-4 weeks: potassium chloride (20 g) and a complex composition mineral fertilizers(20 gr) per bucket of water. One bucket is enough for watering 2 square meters. meters of beds.

Further care for winter plantings of carrots is no different from caring for a crop planted in the spring. A week or two after the appearance of friendly young shoots, the beds should be thinned out, leaving a distance between plants of at least 2 cm. After 3 weeks, thinning is repeated, and the distance is maintained at about 4 cm.

To avoid attracting carrot flies, it is advisable to shed plantings with deterrent compounds. AT further care for carrots is the regular fight against weeds and pests of the crop.

They dig up carrots planted before winter, around mid-July, at a time when varieties planted in spring are just ripening. To use carrots for food, it is not necessary to wait for the technical maturity of the fruit; root crops can be pulled out from mid-June, when their diameter reaches the thickness of a finger.

Subject to all the rules of cultivation, in the middle of summer you will receive an excellent harvest of the crop. Have a bountiful harvest!

Early spring is a hot time for all gardeners. In order not to be left without a harvest in the fall, you need to have time to plant and sow so many things! And carrots are no exception. In any garden grow this vitamin and healthy vegetable, and in which only dishes it does not find application. How delicious it is right from the garden!

Usually sown in autumn. Is it possible to plant carrots before winter to free the precious spring time for other jobs? If you do not know how to do this, then you can ruin the entire crop in the bud. But many gardeners have already successfully begun to master the method of winter sowing of carrots. This effective technique allows you to get a crop two or even three weeks earlier than its earliest varieties that were planted in the spring grow. Seeds at winter landing receive more moisture, so root crops usually grow larger and juicier.

Terms and varieties

Planting carrots in autumn winter has its own characteristics. This concerns the determination of the optimal timing of sowing seeds and the selection of cold-resistant varieties suitable for different climatic zones.

Determine the correct time for sowing seeds is quite difficult. So that the crops do not die, you need to wait for the establishment of a constant air temperature in the area from zero to plus three degrees. It is important that the carrots do not have time to germinate before the onset of cold weather. And if weather forecasters promise warming, then it is necessary to wait with sowing.

Depending on the climatic zone, the timing of planting carrots before winter stretches from mid-October for the northern regions of the country to the first half of November for the middle zone and the Urals. It is imperative that by this time the soil should already begin to freeze slightly, and thaws should be excluded. Autumn temperature fluctuations good for germination, but will be detrimental to germinated seeds. In the ground, the seeds should only swell, but not hatch and germinate, so the most favorable sowing time comes a week before the arrival of real cold weather.

When to sow carrots before winter can be determined by favorable weather conditions. But there are some borderline points when to plant a crop you should not start:

Too early, when the temperature is still above zero;
Too late when the temperature drops below minus five degrees. The seeds fall into very cold earth and may die, and in the spring the development of the plant will be slowed down. Yes, and working in the ground at sub-zero temperatures is inconvenient.

Carrot varieties

For winter sowing, you can plant ordinary varieties that are sold in bags. Choose early or mid-season, cold-resistant. Taking into account the possible partial death of seeds, it is necessary to consume them increase by 25–30 percent.

For sowing carrots before winter, you can use varieties:

You can add to this list such proven winter varieties as Moscow Winter, Tushon, Shantane-2461, Samson, Incomparable and others.

How to plant carrots before winter

Before sowing seeds, care must be taken about proper soil preparation. This is taken care of immediately after harvesting the previous crops. The earth is dug deep in advance, choosing weeds and roots. Nitrogen fertilization is not recommended. Their excess leads to deformation of root crops, cracking. Fresh manure will also negatively affect the crop. Apply superphosphate and potash fertilizers. With increased acidity of the soil, add dolomite flour. If the site is loamy or heavy earth, then it is good to dig with the addition of sand.

In prepared land do fairly deep furrows, maintaining a distance between them of about 20 cm. In order not to germinate weeds before sowing carrots, you can cover the finished beds with a dark film. When the time for sowing seeds comes up, the soil will already freeze and it will be difficult to close the crops, so dry land must be prepared in advance to plant the seeds.

All this work should be completed before the onset of frost.

Carrots grow well after cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, pumpkin, potatoes. The second time in one place, carrots cannot be sown. To increase the content of humus in the soil, green manure can be sown, which, after regrowth, is embedded in the ground during digging.

How to plant carrots before winter

Proper planting of culture involves several points:

In winter, plantings require almost no maintenance. Make sure that the wind does not blow snow from the furrows. In the spring, with the beginning of the snow melting, the spruce branches are removed, the excess snow is carefully raked. The earth is covered with a film or nonwoven fabric for faster emergence.

Advantages and disadvantages of winter landing

When sowing carrots in the fall, you can:

Get a harvest 15–20 days earlier than with spring sowing. Seeds undergo a kind of hardening in winter, and if the weather is not favorable and postpones the timing of the spring sowing of seeds, then the winter seeds, protected by a film cover, will already sprout;
Grow larger and juicier root crops. They get more moisture for development than with traditional sowing;
Free up time in the spring for other work. A hot springtime for the gardener every day at a high price;
If for some reason the seeds do not sprout, then you can re-sow in the spring and not be left without a crop;
After harvesting early carrots, you can plant radishes, dill, lettuce in its place and get another crop from the same land

But there are also disadvantages of planting before winter:

And yet, the advantages of planting carrots before winter are more significant than the disadvantages. Moreover, with the most unfavorable outcome, there is still a chance not to be left without a crop.

Attention, only TODAY!

We are accustomed to sowing carrots in early spring in order to reap generous harvests in the fall. However, not many people know that planting carrots before winter is very effective. This is a great opportunity to get early carrot harvests.

Benefits of Getting Early Carrots

After a long winter, the body feels that, by the way, there would be salads with fresh vegetables. Breeders bred early varieties, there are also early carrots. It grows already 8 weeks after sowing.

In cities, until June 10, early carrots grown on open ground appear on sale. Not all gardeners know, but if you plant carrots before winter, you can get a crop much earlier by June 15th.

Root vegetables will be juicy, sweet and large. The harvest may be more abundant than when sowing at the usual time. Vegetables grow like this because in spring the snow melts, it rains and the earth is abundantly moistened.

With a good supply of water, the seeds germinate faster and the roots, saturated with moisture, grow large, appetizing. Carrots that are sown in the winter are not stored for a long time, but this is not required. It is quickly consumed in salads, second and first courses.

Some gardeners strongly doubt that if you sow carrots for the winter, it will withstand frost and not only sprout, but also give a bountiful harvest.

Some other gardeners think that planting carrots for the winter is useless because when it rises in early spring, it will quickly freeze after the very first night frosts.

Do not worry, the sprouts will sprout in due time in the spring and the gardener will receive a generous harvest. In addition, other vegetables, such as garlic, etc., were planted before winter in the open field or in a greenhouse before winter. They cover them with mulch and get an earlier harvest.

How to choose the right place

The gardener must choose a good site for planting carrots, but, most importantly, do not forget to loosen it well by digging shovels on the floor.

"Important. It is best to choose a well-lit place for carrots. Seeds should be planted in furrows, not on scallops. Spring waters can wash away these mounds, and with them the seeds.

The root crop grows well in those areas where the gardener previously grew:

tomatoes;
cabbage;
cucumbers;

Vegetables are harvested from that area, all the stems are pulled out, weeds are weeded and they try to pull out their roots. Next, you need to dig a site on the floor with a shovel. Now you can make a mineral supplement.

It is impossible to make organic in the form of fresh manure. With such given, carrots cannot be planted in that place for 2 years. The area should be ready for sowing carrots by October 15th.

Better early carrot varieties

The gardener must remember that not all varieties can be planted before winter, but only early ones. They must tolerate frost well. Most often these are local varieties related to early ripening, with mid-season.

vitamin-6;
shantane-2461;
Nantes-4;
incomparable;
Moscow winter A-545;
Losinoostrovsky-13.

Planting dates for carrots

Seeds can be thrown into the ground just before frost. It depends on what region of Russia a person lives in and when does it get cold? It is important to choose such a planting time so that the seed material does not germinate before the cold weather and does not freeze.

Now it is clear why the seeds are not sown in October. At this time, thaws begin in central Russia and the seed can germinate. Frosts will hit and the sprouts will die. Therefore, it is optimal to plant from November 15, or later.

Seeding technology

Some gardeners make the mistake of pre-soaking the seeds before sowing for the winter. Now there is no task to germinate the seeds so that they grow faster, on the contrary, you need to throw them into the ground dry.

"Advice. The seeds are small and experienced gardeners use a special seeder to sow them.”

The video tells how to plant carrots before winter:

The layout for the winter is as follows:

Make a 1 or 2 cm furrow in the area.
Throw seeds into the grooves and sprinkle dry soil on top, which will be still warm.
Peat or humus is poured on top of 2 cm and the soil is slightly compacted.
Snow falls, it is raked into rows and pressed with spruce branches.

In the spring, the snow will melt and then the spruce branches are removed from the garden. Some gardeners install a mini-greenhouse. It consists of arches covered with a polyethylene film. You can also stretch some material (non-woven). This will help the carrots grow faster.

After the carrots hatch, sprout a little, it is thinned out. It is important to weed the site from weeds in time, to loosen the ground.

The difference between winter planting vegetables and spring

When carrots are planted before winter, the technology is slightly different from spring:

Seeds are sown more densely and take more seed. Some seeds will not survive the cold and will then rot. If the hang is thick, then the germination rate is greater, and then the rows can be broken through, removing excess sprouts.
In autumn, seed material does not need to be germinated beforehand, as in spring.
In spring, the owner will quickly determine where carrots grow if he sows radishes nearby. He comes up first.

Ways to care for carrots planted in autumn, spring

Vegetables sown in the fall should be carefully cared for in the spring. Snow is removed with a rake and the area is sprinkled with a thin layer of peat. The sun's rays will warm it up and it will give off heat (and later nutrients) to the seeds, wake them up.

In the spring, a carrot planted in autumn for the winter will wake up and begin to grow actively. It is best to make a small greenhouse above it by placing arcs, stretching them with a film or other non-woven material.

In the greenhouse, the sprouts will be more protected from temperature extremes, cold winds, and the gardener will harvest faster.

This is a vegetable known since ancient times, but then its taste was very different from today's sweet and juicy, for which we appreciate it so much. It is a widespread vegetable with a beautiful orange color. In addition to the most famous varieties orange in color, carrots also have white, yellow and even dark purple varieties.

Growing carrots is fairly easy and even a beginner gardener can handle it. Therefore, if there is such an opportunity, it is better to grow it yourself - carrots from your own garden are the most healthy and tasty.

When planting carrot seeds in open ground

Depending on the variety, carrots are bred at different times. Early and medium early varieties intended for spring and summer harvest are planted in late March and April. Intended for the autumn harvest - in May and early June. It should be sown in rows of 20-30 cm, at a depth of 1-2 cm. The soil should be moist, it is best to do this on cloudy days. To facilitate sowing, the seeds can be mixed with sand.

Because carrots take a long time to grow, weed problems often arise. A good way is to add carrot seeds to seeds that germinate very quickly. For example, radish or lettuce. So you can easily determine where carrots grow. Then, without any worries, you can pluck unnecessary plants and free the beds from pests.

Planting carrots according to the lunar calendar 2018

The best time to sow carrots is April 17-22 and April 1-7. Avoid sowing, planting and transplanting carrots from April 8 to 15. The best time for planting root crops is from April 1 to April 6. The time from 17 to 21 is also a good period for spring vaccinations.

Seedling care (cutting of plants, destruction of weeds, pests and plant diseases) is best done from April 9 to 15. Care activities related to the earth - electricity, watering, watering plants - from April 16 to 22 and from April 24 to 29 .Work on the beds is best done from April 2 to 15, especially favorable days from April 9 to 15.

Good results in the cultivation of carrots are given not only by the timing of planting and care, but also general terms and Conditions for growing vegetables.

In our country, spring sowing is most often used for early harvesting. Soil preparation must be very careful and carried out in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. Harvesting for spring sowing usually occurs at the beginning of June, and if shelter is not used, at the end of the month. The final harvest date is also greatly influenced by weather conditions and precipitation.

Carrot seeds should be sown at a density of 1.0-2.0 million seeds per hectare. However, regarding the standard for sowing individual varieties, manufacturers give their own recommendations. For example, Caliber F1 should be planted at a density of 1.5-1.8 million seeds per hectare, and Espredo F1 at 1.5-2 million seeds per hectare. Sometimes the recommendations differ significantly from the generally accepted ones. For example, it is recommended to sow seeds in rows of 15 cm even at a density of 6-10 million/ha, resulting in a carrot length of about 15 cm and a diameter of 2 cm. When sowing, the seeding rate should be increased by 50% due to adverse conditions during germination. Do not increase seedling density, especially when growing for an early harvest. Because too much plant density causes more slow growth root crops. It was found that increasing the seeding rate from 1 to 2 million/ha can delay the harvest by as much as 10 days.

Depending on the region (Moscow region, Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Siberia, Urals)

The most suitable period for the spring planting of carrots is when the average daily air temperature does not fall below 10 ° C. But here it is also necessary to take into account the variety - some varieties of carrots calmly tolerate temperatures up to 6 ° C.

So, optimal time for planting carrots in the Urals - the end of April. Moreover, this figure is valid for the southern regions. AT northern regions it is better to start planting carrots no earlier than the end of May (the minimum daily air temperature should not be less than 5 ° C.

In the Moscow region, it is better to start planting root crops from the second half of April. You can do this later, but then the yield may be lower. For Siberia, the optimal period will be the end of April - the beginning of May. For the Krasnodar Territory - mid-April. For Leningrad region- in early April, as soon as the snow melts.

How to plant carrots outdoors

Carrot is a biennial plant. In the first year, she creates a root and leaves, in the second - a stem and inflorescence. It is grown in our gardens as annual plant because the edible part is the root. We can grow different varieties: early, medium early, medium, late and very late. It is sown directly on the ground. Usually grown as a staple crop because it is a vegetable with a long growing season.

Selecting a landing site

Carrots prefer sunny places because the sun's rays have a positive effect on the content of beta-carotene and sugar in the roots. High yields are observed on sandy loamy soils with a high content of humus. The nutrient requirements of carrots depend on the soil in which they grow. Usually these requirements are average, but if the soil is rich in humus, carrots may have low nutritional requirements. The most suitable for carrots is slightly acidic soil, they do not like alkaline soils, especially calcium.

seed processing

To grow edible carrots, seeds with high rate without diseases and pests, with the highest possible germination capacity, which guarantee faster and more uniform germination, growth of seed plants and a higher yield. They must be purchased from certified organic farms, from plants that have been cultivated for at least one generation of organic production.

These seeds are not processed chemical solutions– processing is more favorable for them by conditioning in water or with the use of biostimulants:

Bio-Jodis (1%, 1 ml/100 ml water);
Titanite (0.4%, 0.4 ml/100 ml water);
GoemarGoteo (1%, 1 ml/100 ml water);
Physpe (1%, 1 ml/100 ml water).

Treatment consists of soaking carrot seeds for 4 days at 20°C in airtight containers. After processing, the seeds are sown in the field. They can also be dried in a ventilated room at temperatures up to 20 ° C 10-14 days before sowing. Such prevention accelerates the emergence of seedlings and improves their uniformity. How faster growth seedlings, the higher the ability to resist weeds, weeding becomes easier. Processing favorably affects the growth and yield of plants. Biotreatment also improves the health of seeds and plants during the initial growth stage.

Another effective and easy way to improve the health and quality of carrot seeds is to treat for 20 minutes in a biological environment: Bioiodine, Titanite, Goemar Goteo, Physpe (at the concentrations above) and EM, Biosept 33 SL or Grevit200 SL (according to the manufacturer's recommendations on label).

Treatment also has a positive effect on the appearance of plants, their health and growth in the early stages of development.

Soil and garden preparation

Giving carrots right conditions very important because in adverse conditions its roots can break and develop incorrectly. Root fork occurs when we grow carrots in too heavy soils with increased level ground water. For this reason, growing in beds is useful in heavy and clay soils, which provides carrots the best conditions for growth and development, and also limits the development of weeds and pests.

Incorrect fruit development can also be caused by cultivating directly after using manure. The soil should not be overdried, as too high humidity fluctuations can also cause improper development of the roots and the carrot fruits themselves.

Landing methods and patterns

The easiest way is to plan according to how much space we have and what vegetables we want to grow. Then you can choose the type of location that suits you best and organize the garden according to the plan for the next few years. In addition, before planning a plot for growing carrots, you should pay attention to the following points:

After what crops can carrots be planted

When growing carrots, it is extremely important to consider the condition of the soil. It should not be planted in the same place more than once every 3 years. The same applies to planting on plants from the same family, that is, celery (celery, fennel, parsnip, parsley). This prevents the phenomenon of soil fatigue and reduces the risk of diseases and pests in our crops.

Carrots have medium nutritional requirements. It is best grown with shallow rooted plants because the roots of carrots are quite deep rooted. A company of onions or garlic is suitable for her. These vegetables reduce the appearance of pests for carrots. Carrots also do well in the company of peas, leeks, tomatoes, radishes, and herbs such as peppermint, sage, or marjoram. Strawberry plantings have a good effect on plantations because they reduce the incidence of gray mold.

In co-cultivation, the best neighbor for carrots is onions - this reduces the risk of infection. Carrots can also grow in the company of leeks and fennel. Dill essential oils keep pests away, so in this case, tomatoes are not recommended as neighbors.

Shelter after landing

To improve the microclimate on the plantation, it is recommended to cover the beds after planting. Covering the field with foil or agrotextile protects young plants from the wind, which can reduce the temperature of the plant by several degrees, as well as reduce water loss and improve growth.

For a short period of coverage (2-4 weeks) foil with 100 holes per 1 m2 is used, foil with 400-500 holes can be left for longer. The number of holes in the foil per 1 m2 determines the penetration rate of air, steam and water. How more holes in foil, the easier it is for water and air to penetrate, but the temperature will be lower. With a foil with a small number of holes on sunny days, an increase in temperature causes strong evaporation, which, together with a decrease in air temperature at night, causes condensation under the foil.

The use of such a coating on very wet soil is not recommended, in particular, due to the relatively slow evaporation of water. Then a certain microclimate is created, in which during the day there is relatively heat and air humidity and low soil temperature. As a result, seeds germinate later and become more vulnerable to infection by fungal diseases. Perforated foil with a density of about 45 g/m2 is most commonly used. Agrofabric protects plants about 2.5 times less, since it has a lower density - 17-19 g/m2.

At noon in March and April, the use of foil can raise the air temperature by up to 10 °C. The air under the agrotextile warms up by 1-5 °C. Thanks to this, agrotextile can be removed later - it does not threaten plants with burns under intense solar radiation that occurs under the foil.

Care and cultivation of carrots

For carrots, soil with a pH of 6.0-6.5 is most suitable. Remember that soil liming, which is usually done for this purpose, should not be done in the same season that you want to grow carrots. Such treatment should be carried out at least a year before sowing carrot seeds.

Watering

Carrots have medium moisture content. Watering should be done carefully. In normal sunny weather during the ripening period, it is necessary to water three times a week, using about 4 liters of water per 1 m2. Further, this should be done no more than once a week, but with plenty of water.

Weeding and loosening

An important means of caring for carrots is weeding, especially in the first period of growth - it is most effective against weeds. But it can significantly hinder proper growth and reduce carrot yields. It is best to carefully pull out the weeds by hand so as not to accidentally cut or remove the carrots. In places for weeding, you can, for example, plant a path of carnations.

thinning

Thinning the soil between beds requires special attention and accuracy. It is important here not to hook the plants themselves and not damage the roots. Thanks to this, carrots grow in an even, ideal shape, all the same.

Top dressing and fertilizers

Mineral fertilization of carrots should be carried out on the basis of the results of a chemical analysis of the soil. The optimum pH value is between 6.0 and 7.0. The approximate dose of individual nutrients in moderately rich soils is:

H - 70-120 kg/ha;
P2O5 - 60-80 kg/ha;
K2O - 150-200 kg/ha.

When growing carrots, a moderate nitrogen fertilizer is effective. Its quantity should be from 60 to 80 kg/ha. On the other hand, for industry - the production of juices, frozen or dried fruits, the amount of fertilizer is 80-100 kg / ha. However, for direct consumption and storage, depending on the location and variety, it is advisable to use 80-120 kg/ha.

On alkaline soils, ammonium sulfate can be used. These fertilizers are distributed before the cultivation of carrots. In weaker zones or when growing late varieties, the amount of nitrogen can be divided into two doses: initially 80-90 kg/ha as urea or ammonium sulfate and then 30-40 kg/ha (4-6 weeks after sowing) in the form of ammonium nitrate .

Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers should be used in autumn (in the year preceding cultivation). For phosphate fertilizer, triple superphosphate is recommended. Potash fertilizer can be used in the form of potassium salt. The optimal dose of potassium in the soil contributes to a better coloring of the roots of carrots.

Diseases and pests of carrots

Cercosporosis - signs of the disease are mainly visible on the leaves and have the form of elongated brown spots. Severely infected leaves turn brown and die. The disease is alleviated by leaving plant residues in the field after harvest. Prevention and environmental control:

disinfection of tools and containers used in cultivation;
accurate removal or plowing of crop residues;
sowing a healthy seed;
antifungal spraying with herbal preparations.

Powdery mildew - white spots on the leaves, covered with powdery small black spores. Over time, the spots expand and infected leaves turn brown and dry out. Plants infected in the early stages of growth die completely. The disease is stimulated by warm and moderately humid weather. Prevention:

sowing healthy seed material;
monitoring changes.

Brown leaf spot - the disease mainly attacks the oldest leaves, manifests itself in brown spots. Infected leaves turn brown in a short time and dry out, the roots weaken and the yield decreases. The disease develops in humid and warm summers, also due to the use of contaminated tools. Prevention:

monitoring changes;
removal or deep plowing of crop residues after harvest;
disinfection of tools and containers used in the care and cleaning of vegetables;
acceleration of sowing dates
cultivation of a variety with increased resistance to diseases.

Root crops are the true kings of the garden. They are cultivated by all summer residents, but not everyone grows carrots in the open field invariably pleases with a generous harvest of sweet and juicy vegetables of a perfectly even shape. To get such a result, you will have to try: to sow the crop correctly and provide it with competent care.

The best place for beds

You can count on an abundance of fruits only if you satisfy all the requirements of carrots, and they have a lot of them. Its bushes develop well on loose and fertile soils. According to their composition, medium loams or sandy loam soil. They will provide the necessary high aeration for carrots. It is possible to choose for breeding varieties that form long root crops only when the depth of the loose soil layer in the area is very significant.

Culture prefers neutral soil, optimal indicator Its pH is in the range of 6-7. It is better if a crust does not form on the soil, and its moisture capacity is good. In dense and heavy soil, which poorly passes air to the roots of the bushes and retains water for a long time, the taste of carrot fruits will greatly decrease, even despite good care. Unsuitable soil will affect the germination of seeds in the spring, and it will make adult bushes vulnerable to fungal diseases.

It is good to make beds for planting carrots on the site where the following crops grew last season:

cabbage;
any kind of beans and grains;
onion;
garlic;
potato;
tomatoes;
zucchini;
cucumbers.

Bad predecessors for her will be spices from the same family:

dill;
celery;
parsley;
coriander;
parsnip;
fennel;
caraway.

It is not necessary to plant carrots in one place year after year. Such beds are more often affected by pests and diseases. It will be possible to sow a crop in the same area, without fear for the health of the plants, when 3-4 years have passed since the harvest.

A place for beds with carrots should be chosen well-lit. Her bushes love the sun and do not suffer from its direct rays. But the lack of light will have a bad effect on productivity. Root crops will grow small, and their taste will be low.

Preparing for landing

The soil for planting carrots is prepared in advance by introducing rotted manure or compost into it (½ bucket per 1 m² of bed surface). If the land on the site is heavy, add to the fertilizer sawdust(2-3 l). They will make the soil looser. It is also good to add wood ash or other compounds containing potassium. It improves the taste of root crops, makes them sweeter and increases their keeping quality. If sowing carrots is carried out in the spring, they dig up the plot even during autumn work in the garden. So the soil will have time to settle. To make the root crops even, and it was easier to extract them from the soil, digging is needed deep, by 1.5 spade bayonets. With the advent of spring, the site is leveled with a rake, after which it will be possible to start planting.

Fresh manure cannot be used for pre-sowing preparation of the site. Its introduction will provoke the flowering of carrot bushes and the branching of root crops. No care will save them from this. Careful attention should be paid to the dosage of nitrogen fertilizers. With their excess, vegetables coarsen, and nitrates accumulate in their tissues.

The timing of sowing a crop is determined by the characteristics of the selected variety and the purpose of its cultivation. Carrots can be planted before winter. Then the process of vernalization of its seeds will take place in the soil. In the spring, when it gets a little warmer, they will hatch immediately. It will be possible to start harvesting 2-3 weeks earlier than with conventional sowing. But it won't last long. Such vegetables are best eaten immediately or made from them for the winter. Autumn sowing of carrots is not possible everywhere. In areas with cold winters, beds with planted seeds are protected with a thick layer of dry foliage, straw, or sawdust. But in severe frosts, they can die even under such shelter.

Planting carrots in the spring is most often practiced. Its timing depends on the climate of the area and on the time by which the root crops must ripen. If you plan to use them in the summer, then it is better to plant seeds of early ripening varieties in early spring. You can start sowing when the air warms up to + 8 ° C, and the moisture remaining in the ground after the snow melts has not yet had time to evaporate.

Sharp cold snaps and frosts have a bad effect on the keeping quality of root crops and can cause carrots to bloom. Therefore, if the vegetables need to be stored for a long time, the planting dates are shifted to mid-April (for late and mid-ripening varieties). On light soils, it can be carried out until the end of May, weather conditions will serve as a guide here. On medium - it is better to hurry up and have time to sow the crop before the middle of the month. You should not be late with planting, otherwise the emergence of seedlings will have to wait a very long time.

Carrots grow fast when planted before long rains.

seed processing

Experienced summer residents prefer to plant carrots with already germinated seeds. Seed care at this stage is very simple and does not require much time. At the same time, it will allow you to immediately reject empty seeds and speed up the emergence of seedlings by at least a week. In its simplest form, it consists of 2 procedures.

Seeds are placed in warm water and left in it for 10 hours. As a result, empty shells will be on the surface of the liquid.
Next, the selected planting material is laid out on wet gauze (fabric, cotton wool). The air in the room with carrot seeds should be warmed up to +20-+24°C. If everything is done correctly, they will hatch in 3 days.

Presowing care can be carried out in other effective ways.

Place carrot seeds for a day in water heated to 30 ° C, changing it every 4 hours. You can take a solution of wood ash for processing (1 tablespoon of fertilizer per 1 liter of water). Its temperature should be the same. After removing the seeds from it, they are washed with clean water and, wrapped with a piece of cloth, put in the refrigerator, where they are kept for 2-3 days.
Place the seeds in a cloth or gauze bag and expose them to contrasting temperatures. For 20 minutes, the planting material is kept in hot (50 ° C) water, then it is lowered into cold water for 2-3 minutes.
After placing the carrot seeds in a cloth bag, bury them in the ground and let them lie in it for 10 days.

Seeds prepared by any of the methods can be sown on beds.

Seeding rules

It is recommended to plant carrots both in autumn and in spring in well-moistened grooves of medium depth. If you make them small, gusty winds can blow off the seeds and scatter them throughout the garden. But the grooves should not be too deep. Otherwise, do not wait for seedlings. Furrows are made with a minimum interval of 15 cm. The seeds are laid out in them so that 2 cm remain between them. Close them to a depth of 2-3 cm if the soil is light, and 1.5-2 cm if it is heavy.

If sowing is carried out with unsprouted seeds, they are lightly rubbed with hands before being placed in the ground, removing the bristles from them.

After planting carrots, the soil in the beds is compacted. This is usually done with a roller or board, but you can simply crush the soil with your hands. Then a thick (at least 3 cm) layer of mulch is poured onto the beds. It will not allow the formation of a soil crust that interferes with the germination of seedlings.

For germination of carrots, a temperature of about + 15- + 18 ° C is needed. If untreated seeds were used for planting, it will take 18-25 days for seedlings to sprout in the spring. Short-term frosts (down to -4 ° C) are not terrible for them, so you should not cover the beds. With a long cold snap, the probability of tsvetushnosti is high.

Before winter, carrots should be planted closer to the end of autumn - in the last days of October or in the first decade of November. The site for its sowing is prepared in 3 weeks. Having planted the seeds in the soil, the beds are covered with a 3-centimeter layer of peat. In the spring, after the snow melts, they are covered with a film. Remove it only after the shoots appear. Autumn sowing of carrots is possible only on light soils.

Features of agricultural technology

The technology of growing a crop is quite simple, even beginner gardeners can easily cope with it.

Garden care consists of the following activities:

thinning too thick seedlings;
frequent loosening;
regular weeding;
timely watering;
top dressing.

For the first time, carrot seedlings are thinned out when 2 true leaves are formed on them. At this stage, it will be correct to leave 2-3 cm of free space between plants. With the advent of 3 and 4 leaves, thinning is carried out again, bringing the distance between carrot bushes to 4-6 cm. Weeding is also done at the same time.

Carrots will bring a bountiful harvest, and its fruits will be sweet and strong if the beds are watered correctly. Lack of moisture will make vegetables sluggish and give them a bitter taste. Water the plants during the entire growing season - in spring and summer. At the same time, make sure that the water soaks the soil at least 30 cm deep. If the fruits do not have enough moisture, lateral roots will form on them and the marketable appearance of the carrot will deteriorate. But an excess of water will not be useful for plants. It causes cracking of root crops, stimulates the formation of small shoots on them, and enhances the growth of leaves.

Care in the form of watering is carried out once a week, adhering to the following rules.

In the spring, immediately after sowing, 3 liters of water are spent per 1 m² of the surface of the beds.
After thinning the seedlings for the second time, the volume of the applied liquid is adjusted to 10 liters.
At the stage of intensive growth of root crops (it begins when the leaves on the carrot bushes develop well), the amount of water during irrigation is increased by another 2 times.
Moisture is reduced 1.5-2 months before harvest. It is carried out less often - once every 10-15 days, and water is spent at the rate of 10 liters per 1 m² of the bed surface. Planting care in the form of watering is completely stopped 2-3 weeks before root crops are dug up.

Fertilize carrots twice a season. The time for top dressing determines the age of the seedlings: 1 and 2 months. Such care is carried out by the root method, watering the beds with a nutrient composition of the following components:

wood ash (2 cups);
nitrophoska (1 tbsp. l);
potassium nitrate (20 g);
urea (15 g);
superphosphate (15 g).

All components are diluted in 1 bucket of water. Apply a fertilizer solution after watering.

Every summer resident considers it his duty to plant a garden bed with graceful carrot bushes decorating a garden landscape with openwork leaves with a spicy aroma. The history of the cultivation of culture has almost 4 millennia, during which many of its varieties have been obtained. Among them there are early-ripening and late-ripening, high-yielding, steadfastly withstanding the invasion of pests and not afraid of diseases. There are varieties bred specifically for a particular area, as well as differing in the length and shape of the fruit. In this variety, every gardener will be able to find exactly the one he wants to grow.

Carrots are tasty and healthy. It can be counted among the basic products that should always be in the kitchen, because a lot of dishes are prepared using it, from the usual soups to desserts. However, getting sweet root crops is not so easy, because the culture is quite demanding on growing conditions. Carrot care in the beds cannot be called specific, but you can expect a generous harvest from its bushes only if you follow all its rules.

Carrots are a root vegetable found in the plots of even beginner gardeners. It is rich in vitamins and microelements, and in terms of keratin content it surpasses all vegetables and fruits (except sea buckthorn). To grow large and even fruits, you should know the nuances of growing.

Conditions for growing carrots in open ground

Site location and lighting

For growing carrots, choose a well-lit area - direct sunlight throughout the day is good for the plant. When grown in the shade, the yield decreases, the taste quality deteriorates.

Priming

The soil needs loose, neutral or slightly acid reaction. Light sandy or loamy soils are suitable. In dense loams, the fruits grow small, and are quickly affected by rot during storage.

How to prepare the land for planting carrots

Engage in site preparation in the fall so that the soil is settled by spring. For friability, if the soil is heavy loamy, add peat or sand for digging. Fertilize the depleted soil with humus (6-8 kg per 1 m²).

predecessors

It is advisable to change the place for carrot beds every year. Do not plant carrots after parsley, dill, parsnips, celery. Ideal predecessors for carrots are cucumbers, tomatoes, garlic, onions, potatoes, cabbage.

Terms of planting carrots in open ground with seeds

The yield of root crops directly depends on the timing of sowing. Different varieties differ in the duration of ripening (information should be indicated on the package with seeds). Also be guided by the timing of the desired harvest.

When to plant carrots before winter

To obtain early carrots or the so-called beam products, sowing is carried out before winter or in early spring. The first option is possible only in warm climatic zones - even under a thick layer of covering material, the seeds freeze under harsh conditions.

Winter sowing of carrots is carried out at the end of October, when warming is no longer expected. If the seeds hatch and sprout in autumn, frost will kill them. Therefore, they try to push the sowing dates as far as possible towards the end of autumn.

Planting carrots in spring in open ground

Spring sowing of carrots is carried out as soon as the top layer of soil warms up to a temperature of 4-6 ° C. In the middle lane, this is around the end of April. Remember: earlier planting of carrots and a return cooling negatively affects the keeping quality of fruits and provokes the active laying of flower arrows, but this is not an obstacle to growing early-ripening varieties that are immediately eaten and not stored in winter.

Varieties with a long ripening period are excellent for long-term storage. Sow them with the establishment of real heat (15-18 ° C).

Preparing carrot seeds for planting in spring

Preparing carrot seeds for planting in spring soaking

How to properly treat carrot seeds before planting

First, select high-quality seeds: place them in a solution of edible salt for 3-5 minutes, those that float to the surface are not suitable for sowing. Rinse the rest running water, hold for a day in a damp cloth soaked in a growth stimulator solution. Before sowing, the seeds are dried to flowability and immediately sown.

Is it possible to germinate carrot seeds before planting

Some gardeners do the following to speed up germination. The seeds are placed on a damp cloth and kept at a temperature of 20-24 ° C for 5-6 days. It is important that the seeds only swell, but do not germinate, otherwise the sprouts will be damaged during transplantation and the seeds will not sprout. Before sowing, the seeds are slightly dried to flowability and immediately sown.

Carrot seeds can be prepared for sowing in an unusual way: they are wrapped in a cloth and dug deeper in the garden until the ground is ripe (about the bayonet of a shovel). Leave them in the ground for 10 days. Seeds will not hatch, but will be well prepared for rapid germination. Let them dry a bit and sow immediately.

How to plant carrot seeds in the ground

How to sow carrots in the open field photo

Distance between carrot seeds when planting

Make shallow grooves on the site, water well. Sow the seeds to a depth of 2-3 cm. Keep a distance between rows of 15-20 cm, try to place individual seeds at a distance of about 2 cm from each other.

The scheme of planting carrots in the open field

On an industrial scale, it is more convenient to plant carrots in double rows: the distance between two rows is 15-20 cm, the wide row spacing is 40-50 cm.

It is convenient to make the ridges narrow (about 1.3-1.5 m), so that on both sides you can reach out with your hands to weed the rows. It is better to place the rows perpendicular to the long side of the bed, so it is more convenient to sow, break through and water the plants. Row spacing 15-20 cm. Make bumpers along the edges of the beds to prevent water from running off.

Do carrots need to be watered after planting?

If the weather is cool, damp, there is no need for watering. On warm sunny days, the soil dries out quickly, in which case moderate watering will not be superfluous. However, remember: excessive moisture will provoke the formation of an earthen crust, which is even worse than not watering. Therefore, moisten carefully, only lightly sprinkling the bed. Watering is repeated every morning until shoots appear. After that, it will be possible to loosen the row spacing and water less often, after 1-2 days, with the obligatory loosening of the row spacing until they are covered with grown tops.

How long do carrot seeds germinate?

In warm weather, the seeds will sprout in about a week. Germination time is doubled if the air temperature is below 12°C. Empty places fill with additional crops.

Before winter, seeds are sown at soil temperatures below +5 ° C. Deepen the seeds by 2 cm. The thickness of the mulch layer should be 3-4 cm. If the snow cover is insignificant, additionally cover with spruce branches, increasing the layer to half a meter.

Care for carrots after planting in the open field

Planting carrots in the ground with seeds and further care

thinning

To grow large root crops, the level of planting density should be adjusted. The first thinning is carried out with the appearance of true leaves. The sprouts are very tender, so that they are well removed, it is necessary to water them abundantly, after drying, slightly loosen the soil.

Remove plants one at a time, leaving a distance of 2-3 cm between individual plants. It is better to carry out the procedure in the daytime - in the evening you can attract a carrot fly to the pest site. Do not leave tops in the garden. Press the soil around the plants a little to keep the sprouts upright. After 20 days, re-thinning, doubling the distance.

Watering carrots after planting and later

Juiciness and sweet taste of root crops depends on watering. Ensure regular watering at all stages of carrot growth. The soil should be wet to a depth in accordance with the size of the root crop. Water the bed with adult carrots so that the soil gets wet by 30 cm. From lack of moisture, the fruits are lethargic, with a bitter taste.

Water every 3-4 days, applying 30-40 liters of water per 1 m² to provide moisture for the formation of root crops. Medium-sized roots are able to find moisture on their own - apply 10-20 liters of water per 1 m² once a week. From the end of August, 8-10 liters of water per 1 m² is sufficient every 1.5-2 weeks. Keep carrots dry for 2 weeks before harvest.

Sudden changes from drying out of the soil to excess moisture lead to cracking of the fruit, which worsens their keeping quality.

Regularly loosen the aisles, weed plantings from weeds.

top dressing

Carrots should be fed twice per season. Spend the first top dressing 3-4 weeks after germination, the second - after a couple of months. Apply fertilizer in liquid form. For 10 liters of water, add your choice of: 2 cups of wood ash; 1 st. l. nitrophoska; 20 g of potassium nitrate, 15 g of double superphosphate and urea.

Diseases and pests of carrots

carrot fly - main enemy plants. It appears with thickened plantings, in the presence of weeds, from excessive soil moisture. You will understand that the plantation is affected by a carrot fly by the following signs: the leaves will begin to curl and dry. An insecticide treatment should be carried out immediately.

To protect against carrot flies, marigolds are planted next to carrot beds, the smell of which repels pests.

Carrots are weakly susceptible to diseases. Possible defeat by phomosis, alternariosis. The risk of diseases is reduced by treating the beds with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.

Harvesting carrots

How to harvest and store carrots

Carrots are not afraid of cold weather, but low air temperature (below +8 ° C) contributes to the transition of starch into sugar, which will negatively affect the keeping quality. Under the conditions of the middle lane, the carrot crop should be harvested at the end of September. Do this in dry weather. Dig up the carrots, shake off the roots from the ground, hold them in the air (not in direct sunlight) for about 1.5-2 hours, then cut the tops. Sort the crop, put even fruits without damage in ventilated boxes, store in a cool dark place.

Carrots for planting in open ground: the best varieties

Choosing carrot seeds: the best varieties for open ground. Among the many varieties, you can easily choose the best option for both spring and autumn sowing.

Consider the most productive varieties:

Carrot alenka photo

Alenka - variety early term ripening, you can harvest after 50 days of growth. With a root length of 12-15 cm, the weight is 145 g.

Carrot Tucson photo

Tushon is an early ripening variety, its fruits are ready for harvest after 2 months of growth. Weight - 150 g, length - 20 cm.

Carrot Nantes photo

Nantes is a mid-season variety with a ripening period of 85-90 days. The average length of a blunt root crop is 16 cm with a weight of 165 g.

Carrot Vitamin photo

Vitamin - the root crops of the variety are ready for harvest after 110-112 days of growth. Weight - 150 g, root length - about 15 cm.

Carrot Queen of Autumn photo

The Queen of Autumn is a late variety, ripening 125-135 days. Ideal for winter storage. With a root length of 20 cm, it weighs about 160 g.

Carrot flakke photo

Flakke - refers to late varieties. You can harvest after 100-120 days of growth. A root crop 30 cm long weighs about 150-170 g.

Carrots have long been famous not only for their content of vitamins A, C and taste characteristics, but are an indispensable vegetable in the kitchen of any housewife. It is successfully grown by gardeners in Siberia and central Russia. Therefore, planting carrots in the fall before winter will be the main topic of this page.

What is attractive autumn planting

Most summer residents want to get the result of their work in the beds as quickly as possible. Therefore, sowing carrots before winter, as well as other vegetable, flower and herbaceous crops, begin to develop and produce crops 3.4 weeks earlier than spring plantings. So summer residents and gardeners have the opportunity to please their loved ones and neighbors with early root crops, flowers, etc. This is the first positive characteristic.

The second positive aspect of the autumn planting is that in the spring the pests have not yet had time to become active, and carrot shoots have already appeared. In addition, when you have an early harvest in July, you can plant another crop in the vacant place, the same radish, dill, or whatever you like best.

Attention! “Early ripe varieties are not stored for a long time. Therefore, choose seeds for winter storage. The surest way to achieve good keeping quality is spring sowing and autumn picking of carrots in late September, early October.”

We determine the timing of planting and varieties

Sowing carrots before winter in today's unstable conditions of temperature difference complicates the timing of planting. Sowing technology strictly stipulates the temperature of the earth at -5 ° C. What can happen if you have already sown carrots before winter, and after a while it warms up, and the earth warms up above -5 ° C. In this case, our plantings can begin to germinate, and with the advent of cold weather they simply freeze and die. Here is the answer to the question: why the winter seedlings did not sprout in the spring.

What conclusion do we come to? Sowing carrots before winter is carried out by predicting the climate for 2-3 months in advance. In the event of expected warming, we will not rush to sow, but rather prepare the beds and wait for the stable freezing of the soil. It can be October, November, and even December in the Moscow region. In the Urals, the climate is also changeable, so it would be presumptuous to guarantee certain dates.

The generally accepted sowing time for Siberian gardeners is mid-November. But forecasting warmer temperatures could push back planting dates. For successful cultivation of this culture in Siberia, there are special breeders bred winter-hardy varieties. Here is the list:

Great for fall planting. large fruits and good yields, combined with a sweet taste, make the culture in demand in the manufacture of baby food;

"Queen of Autumn"

Can be sown both in spring and autumn. Root crops have a reddish- orange tint and flat surface. Perfectly stored in winter;

"Altai shortened" and "Nastena"

Suitable only for spring crops. Used for fresh consumption in summer and for squeezing juices.

For the expected result, for insurance purposes, we recommend sowing large quantity seeds than in spring. As a percentage, the increase in seedlings will be 25–30 times. And harvest winter crops should be before the end of June.

What carrots are planted before winter in the middle lane? Here are some varieties that imply winter sowing of carrots, because they are generally recognized and tested not only by breeders, but also by summer residents for several decades:

Some daredevils plant carrots according to the lunar calendar, no matter what. On the this moment the dates are indicated only for spring plantings and a guaranteed harvest based on a specific day for throwing seeds, no one can give.

Seat selection

Podzimny sowing of carrots implies a competent arrangement of the beds. Prepare the ridge should be in late September, early October. First, we dig up the earth for one bayonet of a shovel, introducing necessary elements for your garden.

Advice! "If the soil is clay, then add sand to it."

And if last year you didn’t fertilize the seat, then add 3-4 buckets of organic matter per 1 m2. We avoid applying nitrogen fertilizers, but superphosphate and potassium will not harm the seeds. As we dig, we select the roots of weeds and the remains of tops.

The height of the beds should be 1–1.5 bayonet spades. Thus, the supply of oxygen, ultraviolet and nitrogen (during thunderstorms) along the entire perimeter is created. As previously mentioned, we avoid tilting the surface so that the seeds do not wash away rain and melt water.

Soil preparation also includes loosening the earth and breaking up clods for unimpeded seedling growth.

With a stick or a cone-shaped loosener, we mark the grooves at a distance of 15 cm from each other and 5 cm deep.
With the onset of stable frosts, we throw dry seeds mixed with sand into the frozen ground for even distribution along the grooves. Carrots before winter can be planted in protective granules so that sowing does not become more frequent. Some stick seeds with clerical glue on strips of paper and spread them in furrows - also a convenient way that does not require thinning of spring shoots.
Without watering, we close the crops from above warm ground from a greenhouse or prepared soil mixture ( fertile land, humus, peat).
From above we cover with spruce branches.

Spring care for winter crops

After the snow has melted along with the waters, and the ridge has dried up a little, the spruce mulch is removed. Someone considers it necessary to cover the plantings with non-woven material until the first shoots. Someone considers carrots to be a fairly cold-resistant crop (in fact, it is) and does not cover a ridge with carrots.

We open the first shoots (if they covered them) and treat them from the carrot fly with the following composition: 1 teaspoon of liquid soap; 1 teaspoon ground black pepper; 10 liters of water. The easiest way to get rid of a pest is to plant onions or garlic between the rows of carrots.

“If the spring is dry, be sure to water the crops from a watering can. For the best growth of culture, arcs are installed and the sprouts are covered with spunbond.

Now you have learned when to plant carrots in the fall, which seeds are suitable for your site, and other simple subtleties of winter plantings.

Carrots belong to the plants of the Apiaceae family. The homeland of carrots is Central Asia, from where this plant spread first to the Mediterranean, and then throughout the world. This plant has been included in the human diet for more than four thousand years. Currently, there are more than a thousand varieties and varieties of this plant grown in the national economy of almost all countries of the world. Planting and caring for carrots are notable for their simplicity, which, along with excellent culinary qualities, has provided carrots with a place in the top ten most popular vegetables on the planet.

plant description

In nature, there are varieties of carrots in the form of annuals or biennials. Most varieties are biennial varieties. In the first year of life, the carrot forms a rosette of several leaves and a large root crop; in the second year of life, the plant begins to produce seeds

Root crop carrot has a conical or cylindrical shape. It is made up of fleshy plant tissue sweetish aftertaste. The mass of the root crop can vary widely (from 30 g to almost a kilogram).

inflorescences carrots look like umbrellas, consisting of many small white or white-yellow flowers. Fruit carrots are an achene about 4 cm long, which contains several hundred small seeds.

Carrot roots have not only good taste, but also contain many substances useful for human life, such as carotene, flavonoids, vitamins A and B, ascorbic acid.

Carrots are used in almost all cuisines of the world, not only as a side dish, but also as a spice. It also finds application not only in cooking, but also in the pharmaceutical industry, traditional and folk medicine. Carrot juice is used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of metabolic diseases, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as well as vision diseases.

Planting carrots

General issues

When growing carrots, the main thing is to decide what kind of carrots you need. The existing variety of carrot varieties allows you to harvest almost throughout the season: from super early to extremely late. Usually, late varieties carrots have a greater keeping quality, that is, they are much more adapted for long-term storage.

If you plan to use young carrots in the summer, you need to use early ripe varieties. If we are talking about stocks for the winter or next year, late-ripening varieties are used.

The choice of variety will determine the entire sequence of actions when growing a vegetable. Some methods used for growing early varieties are not applicable to late varieties and vice versa. Naturally, the timing of sowing vegetables indirectly depends on the timing of ripening.

Traditionally, three schemes for planting carrots are considered, depending on the ripening time:

early carrots are planted either in autumn (the so-called “before winter” method) or in the middle of spring, usually in the 2nd-3rd decade of April
mid-season carrots are planted a little later - 1-2 decades of May
late-ripening varieties can be sown from the beginning of May to the end of June

In the latter case, you should not be afraid of long growing periods, which in carrots can last up to 4 and a half months. Compliance with all the rules of agricultural technology will allow carrots to ripen and gain vitamins until the 2-3rd decade of September.

Growing conditions and place

illumination

Carrots prefer well-lit areas. Moreover, the term “prefers” is hardly appropriate here: carrots must be grown with maximum lighting. There should not even be a hint of a shadow or partial shade. The stay of the plant in sunlight should be at least 75% of the daylight hours. Therefore, the optimal site for planting carrots is the southern slope of the site, devoid of high vegetation on all sides except the northern one.

On the north side of the area allotted for carrots, it is allowed to plant some kind of natural fence, for example, in the form of a hedge of corn or nightshade. You can also place cucumbers on trellises in this place. All this will create additional protection for the area with carrots from the cold wind.

Soil for planting

The soil for carrots should be neutral or close to neutral acidity. On alkaline soils, the cultivation of carrots is not allowed. Therefore, liming overly acidic soils should be done with caution. Do not use lime for liming, it is better to do wood ash. However, its application rates should not exceed 120-150 g per 1 sq. m.

The soil for carrots should be moderately fertile, however, it should not be overly fertilized with particularly active top dressing. This applies to both organic and mineral fertilizers. It is strictly forbidden to use fresh, unrotted manure (even introduced last year), as well as any types of saltpeter, for carrot fertilizer. Such restrictions are due to the fact that at an early stage of ripening, carrots very vigorously absorb nitrates from the soil, which, of course, will negatively affect the quality of the product. In general, any excess of nitrogen is undesirable for carrots; the plant has enough strength to ensure its own growth and vegetation on its own, without nitrogen supplements.

The soil structure for carrots also has one feature: the vegetable grows best on hard and compacted soils.

Separately, it should be said about the predecessors of carrots. Ideal predecessors of carrots are vegetables that, like carrots, draw nitrogen from the soil well. These include:

You should not grow carrots in the place where they already grew last season. Also, the following plants are considered undesirable precursors of carrots:

The use of legumes as a precursor to carrots (or simple green manure) is also questionable. On the one hand, the soil after them is enriched with natural, natural nitrogen, which, of course, is much better than nitrogen in the form of nitrates. On the other hand, as already noted, an excess of nitrogen is undesirable for carrots, since it will be aimed at obtaining an abundant green part of the plant, which may adversely affect the formation of the tuber.

Sometimes it is recommended to use green manure in the form of legumes if the carrots are planted in partial shade. In this case, an excess of nitrogen will be useful for the plant, as it can compensate for the lack of lighting. In other cases, it is not recommended to use legumes as a precursor of carrots.

Use of beds

Efficient cultivation of carrots has several nuances. Firstly, carrots do not like excessive soil moisture; The soil must be well drained. Secondly, the optimal temperature for planting carrots is the range from + 12 ° C during the day to + 5 ° C at night. In addition, planting carrots is carried out in rows.

In view of the above, it is desirable to grow carrots in the beds. Conventionally, their height should be no less than the length of ripe root crops of the selected variety (from 15 to 25 cm). The width of the beds depends on the number of planted rows of vegetables. On average, about 30-40 cm wide beds should be allocated per row.

In this case, two-row cultivation of carrots in beds 60-80 cm wide and 20-30 cm high will be optimal in this case. There are no restrictions on the length of the beds - it all depends on the configuration of the site and the convenience of its maintenance and watering.

Read also:

How to make and decorate beautiful beds in the country with your own hands: simple, tall, smart. For flowers and vegetables. Original Ideas (80+ Photos & Videos) + Reviews

Preliminary soil preparation

Regardless of which planting method is used, the soil for carrots needs preliminary preparation. It consists in digging the site to a depth of about 25 cm. At the same time, it is necessary to loosen the soil qualitatively and remove the remnants of the weed root system from it.

After that, it is entered organic fertilizers(for example, humus or compost) and the site is re-digged. If liming of the soil is necessary, it is carried out simultaneously with the application of fertilizers. Sometimes, in the case of excessively viscous soils, it is allowed to add some sand to the site.

In the case of planting on beds, it is desirable to completely fill the lower layer of soil with compost or humus to a height of about 3-5 cm, which will increase soil fertility and provide carrots necessary set nutrients for almost the entire season.

If organic fertilizers are not available, mineral fertilizers should be used. However, one should not be particularly zealous, especially with regard to nitrogen.

Fertilizer consumption rates per sq. m spare plot of carrots are as follows:

All preliminary soil preparation processes should be completed at least two weeks (in autumn, possibly more) before the planned planting of seeds, so that the soil has time to sink and compact.

Read also:

The value of superphosphate as a mineral fertilizer in the care of tomatoes, potatoes, seedlings, and other crops. Ways to use it in the garden (Photo & Video) + Reviews

Planting in the spring

Seed preparation

At spring planting mandatory procedure is preliminary preparation seeds. Carrot seeds contain in their composition a certain amount of essential oils that limit the access of moisture to the embryo, so they begin to germinate quite late.

When using dry seeds, the first shoots will appear only 2-3 weeks after planting. To shorten this time, the seeds should be exposed several times warm water, which will wash away this protective shell from them.

There are several ways to speed up seed germination:

Placement of seeds in natural conditions

Seeds are placed in a cloth bag and a week before sowing they are buried in the ground to a depth of about 20 cm. When the time for sowing comes, they are taken out and dried for an hour. Then they can be planted in open ground. This is the easiest way; with it, the seeds are swollen, their size increases slightly and it is much easier to work with them. Shoots with such preparation appear within 3-5 days.

Seed sparging

A bubbler is a special device designed to pass air or some kind of gas bubbles through a liquid. In horticulture, this device can be used to stimulate seed growth. If there is no “industrial” bubbler, you can make it yourself.

Seeds are placed in a container with warm water, and atmospheric air is supplied to it with the help of an aquarium aerator. The process continues for about a day. Seeds after sparging are wrapped in a damp cloth and stored for 3-5 days in the refrigerator. Immediately before disembarking, they are taken out of the refrigerator, dried. This method allows not only to speed up the germination process, but also to reject unsuitable seeds for planting - they will float during the bubbling process.

Coating of seeds

With this method, the seeds are covered with a special nutrient shell. It also makes seeding easier (because the size of the planting material increases) and reduces the amount of seed per unit area. Ready-made pelleted seeds can be purchased at the store, or you can make them yourself.

To drag 2 tablespoons of carrot seeds, you need to take the following components:

1 cup liquid mullein
1.5 cups of peat
1 glass of humus

The seeds are placed in a liter jar and 1/3 of each of the components is added to them, after which the jar is closed with a lid and shaken vigorously for three minutes. After that, half of the remaining components are added to it, the jar is closed again and its contents are shaken again for 3 minutes. After that, the procedure is repeated with the rest of the components.

As a result of this treatment, the seeds will be covered with a shell of nutritional composition. They should be laid out on a sheet of paper and dried. This method of accelerating seed germination is considered the most effective.

Placing seeds in nutrient solution

Not the most effective, but the easiest and fastest way to prepare carrot seeds for planting. Usually, dilution of 10-20 g of a special agent per 1 liter of water is used as a solution, which can be fertilizers such as sodium humate, Effekton, or the most common ash.

After the solution is ready, seeds are immersed in fabric bags for a period of about 1 day. After that, the seeds are washed and placed for several days in the refrigerator, wrapped in paper tissue. Immediately before planting in the ground, the seeds are completely dried.

Landing time

Carrots can also be planted at times different from the "traditional" ones. Carrot seeds are able to germinate already at + 4-6 ° C, therefore, some correction of planting dates relative to the end of April is allowed. Seeds in the soil can tolerate frosts down to -6 ° C, so you should not be especially worried about their fate after planting.

It does not make sense to delay planting in a warm climate until late, unless it is due either to grow the crop by a certain date, or to delay the ripening period as much as possible in order to extend the shelf life accordingly.

There are also recommendations for planting carrots in different types soils, depending on their density. It is believed that harder soils are better suited for growing late-ripening varieties of carrots, where they should be planted no later than the first days of May. On medium soils, carrots can be planted until the first half of May, and on light soils - until the end of May.

Site work

After the soil and seeds are prepared for sowing and suitable right time, proceed directly to landing. Planting seeds is carried out at a depth of about 2-3 cm with light sandy or sandy loamy soils. In heavy loams, seeds should be deepened no more than 1.5-2 cm.

The distance between the rows can be chosen based on the size of the plot or each particular bed, however, it should not be less than 20 cm. Otherwise, the plants of neighboring rows will not only interfere with each other, but the process of cultivating the land between the rows will be significantly complicated.

Seeds are planted at a distance of about 3-4 cm relative to each other. Keeping such a distance is not easy enough, so landing methods are often used that “automate” the process a little.

One of these methods is the so-called tape method of landing. Its essence is as follows: on pre-prepared strips of paper with the required interval of 3-4 cm, prepared for planting and dried carrot seeds are glued. Gluing is done with a paste. For these purposes, any thin paper is used (often toilet paper is used).

When the paste dries, the paper rolls up. When planting on a garden bed, in this case, not holes are harvested, but whole grooves, the depth of which corresponds to the density of the soil. A moistened tape with seeds is placed in this groove.

Seeds are covered with a layer of soil and slightly compacted. After that, they are lightly watered and the soil is mulched with straw, hay or sawdust with a layer of about 3 cm. Mulching is necessary so that a soil crust does not form over the germinating seeds.

In some cases, when tape planting, when a tape with glued seeds is placed in an earthen groove, one granule of a complex mineral fertilizer is placed next to each seed - this will help the plant to form faster.

Planting in autumn

Winter planting carrots has several advantages. Firstly, it does not require much thought about what time and what to sow. Whenever it happens, the seeds will not hatch and grow until spring comes. Secondly, during winter planting, seed preparation measures are not carried out at all, since during their wintering under snowy winter soil, all processes, from stratification to swelling and germination, will be supervised by nature itself.

It is obvious that such a method of planting, freeing the owner from complex and responsible events, has its downside. Unfortunately, it is: in this way you can grow only early and early maturing varieties carrots that are not stored for a long time.

Usually, autumn planting produced in the third decade of October or in the first decade of November. The previously described soil preparation for planting in some cases (lack of rain, frequent cold snaps and weather changes) should be carried out not two weeks, but a month before the planned planting.

All activities in the garden are completely similar to planting in the spring. And the depth of the soil, and the sequence of actions, and the possible use of alternative planting methods - all this remains in force. However, as a material for mulch in the case of winter planting, not ordinary covering materials should be used, but their nutritional “analogues”.

These can be peat or humus. The mulch layer in this case is also 3 cm.

Each gardener has his own secret of growing carrots. To get a good harvest of orange root crops, certain rules must be followed. High-quality planting material, timely and correctly prepared ridge, competent sowing of seeds at the right time give a good result when planting carrots in spring in open ground in the country and in Belarus, Ukraine, Siberia and the Moscow region.

Today, different varieties of carrots are available to grow, which can be harvested in the garden if properly cared for and fertilized. Which method of planting and growing can be chosen for fruitful garden we will tell further.

Second term - end of May, beginning of June. In early summer, late varieties are planted. Carrots with a growing season of 120-130 days by the end of September will fill with juice, ripen and be ready for laying in the cellar.

Late varieties planted during these periods are well stored in winter.

If late varieties are planted at the end of May, they are well stored in spring.

What soil to choose for a good yield

Soil preparation so that carrots can quickly sprout and germinate is no less important than the correct planting time. good harvest seek gardeners who know the structure and acidity of the soil on their own suburban area. High yields are obtained if seeds are sown on the soil well dug up and without stones, respectively, it is necessary to process it well.

To improve the structure make:

Peat for loosening in clay soil.
Organics are added in the spring sandy soil, and in autumn - in heavy loam.
Once every 5 years acidic soil deoxidize, this can be done by adding at least 30 g / m2 of lime.
In the spring, they bring on a carrot ridge before digging mineral fertilizers.

The norm of the number of mineral fertilizers per 1 m²: superphosphate - 20 g, potassium sulfate - 20 g.

Table of optimal acidity for different types of soil, where you need to clearly follow the scheme.

During the summer season, harmful microorganisms, eggs and insect larvae accumulate in the soil. It is impossible to sow a vegetable in one place every year. 100% crop will suffer from onion fly.

Way out - crop rotation. Good precursors are:

beet
salad;
tomatoes;
potato.

How and when to plant carrot seeds outdoors

Preparation for sowing begins in advance. You can check the germination before planting if you decide to use regular seeds instead of pelleted seeds. The procedure is not complicated. A few seeds (20 pcs.) Planted in a flower pot.

If free time allows at the end of winter prepare landing strips, toilet paper and a paste made from potato starch and flour are used.

Strips to cut no wider than 1 cm. Their length should be equal to the width of the future ridge. Seeds stick with an interval of 3 cm. It is convenient to do this with a wooden toothpick or skewer.

Calculate the required number of tapes according to the formula: divide the length of the ridge by 30 and add 1. Here 30 is the distance between the rows.

A ridge 1 m wide should be prepared after the soil has matured. Signs of an arable layer ready for planting - clods of earth crumbling from a light blow. Mark the furrows across the ridge with a bar with an interval of 30 cm. Spill them with water and let stand. When the ground settles, start sowing.

It is better to sprinkle seeds not with earth, but with humus or a mixture of peat and sand. Friendly seedlings are obtained if the seeding depth is observed 1-1.5cm. Spring winds are not uncommon. You can avoid blowing seeds with the help of a film shelter. You can remove it after the appearance of the first panicles.

Advice for gardeners with a small plot. When sowing use radish as a compacting plant. It has 3 times less growing season and when the panicles are 5-7 cm, radishes can be harvested for food. With combined plantings, carrots are friends with radishes, garlic and lettuce.

Another recommendation that will facilitate the sowing of small carrot seeds. Those who sow carrots with dry seeds can use it. Crush the chalk, mix with the seeds. The seeds will turn white, they will be clearly visible against the background of black earth, then they can be planted according to the technology.

When it rises

Light green panicles emerge into the light two weeks later or later. If there is a desire to speed up germination, then you can take the advice of an experienced gardener.

It will take not a large number of vodka. Seeds should be soaked in it for no more than 15 minutes. The seeds are then washed with running water and dried. Sow less often.

Most gardeners prefer to soak the seeds in cold water for a day, dry them and sow.

As soon as shoots appear, the usual care of the ridge begins:

weeding;
watering;
thinning;
hilling;
cleaning.

Proper watering of carrots is one of the components of care

Need weeding throughout the summer. Weeds have no break, they grow on the ridges from spring to autumn, they need to be thinned out.

Watering is a simple task, but it must be done according to the rules. The plant does not like surface watering, it is better to water less often, but more abundantly. Moderately moist soil at the depth of root growth is what the root crop needs.

Causes of cracking carrots: excessive watering, a sharp change in the level of soil moisture.

Hilling is carried out at the end of summer, raking root crops sticking out of the ground. If this is not done, the upper part of the carrot turns green, its taste deteriorates.

Many gardeners like to loosen the ground between carrot rows. This gets rid of the crust that appears after the next watering. The best option keep moisture in the ground and prevent the formation of a crust - mulch.

Use humus as mulch. You need a layer no thicker than 3 cm. A thicker layer provokes carrots to grow "horns".

Harvesting root crops for storage is a responsible matter. It also has its own rules. So short root crops are pulled out of the ground by the tops. long carrot dig in with a pitchfork. The tops are cut off, stepping back from the root by 1 cm.

How to thin out for good yields

Inexperienced gardeners do not know that carrots need to be thinned out. The result of this illiteracy is small carrots. Thinning is uprooting densely growing carrot sprouts.

Start thinning when the tops are pulled up up to 5 cm. Remove frail sprouts. A gap of 3-5 cm is left if varieties with short root crops grow on the ridge. For long roots large diameter need to maintain 10 cm interval.

The second time, excess sprouts are removed when they reach the tops 10 cm. It is better to work in the evening, watering the ridge beforehand. Leave gaps between sprouts of 6 cm. Thinning is carried out until mid-June.

In the fall, the carrot crop will delight the eye with orange splendor and is easy to grow if simple rules are followed when planting and the necessary care is provided for the carrot bed during the summer.

Carrots are grown in almost every garden, but they do not always succeed - instead of a beauty, a meager stunted spectacle with a finger grows.

And I want it to grow large, beautiful, as they sell on the market.

Family: Umbrella or celery.

Cycle: a biennial plant, in the first year of life it forms a dense rosette of leaves and a root crop, and in the second - a seed bush and seeds proper.

Root crop: depending on the variety, round, cylindrical or conical shape. Yellow, orange, pink, red and black-purple.

Crop rotation: Carrots are returned to their original place no earlier than after 5 years. The best predecessors are cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, onions, early potatoes, under which organic matter was added several years ago.

The best yields of carrots are obtained on peat-marsh, floodplain, sandy and light loamy soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.

Carrots grow poorly on heavy clayey areas and in the shade. The place allotted for growing carrots is certainly clean from weeds, especially perennials - wheatgrass, sow thistle, milkweed, which greatly inhibit seedlings.

Carrot cultivation: sowing dates and seeding

There is no exact landing date. Seeds are laid even in cold soil, then the carrots will be large and strong. As the snow melts, you can plant it, year after year it doesn’t have to. This may be the end of March or the 1st or 2nd decade of April.

Carrot seeds germinate well at +3 degrees and above. The optimal temperature for development is +18 gr ... +22 gr.

For more friendly and early shoots of carrots, the seeds are soaked in water or a solution of trace elements or growth regulators (epin, oxyhumate, hydrohumate) until completely swollen.

After soaking, the seeds are slightly dried and mixed with sand to make it easier to scatter during planting.

Before direct sowing, the beds are leveled with a rake, grooves are made, they are shed with warm water or a pink solution of potassium permanganate. Carrot seeds are deepened by 1-3 cm, sprinkled with sifted soil mixed with peat and lightly compact the soil with the palm of your hand or the back of a rake.

It is good to plant onions or garlic near carrots. They scare away the carrot fly, the main pest, from it, and the carrot, in response, the onion fly.

Also, seeds can be planted in early June and autumn (late October - early November) before the soil freezes. Landing before winter is done without pre-soaking.

thinning

For the first time, carrots are thinned out with 1 - 2 true leaves, again after 20 - 30 days, leaving 2.5 - 3 cm between plants. It is advisable to thin out only on cloudy days or after rain or watering.

So that the upper part of the root crop does not turn green, they are spudded without falling asleep growing points.

top dressing

On soils with a low nitrogen content (pale carrots, poorly developed), the plant is fertilized 1-2 times per season with an infusion of fermented bird droppings (1:20) or manure (1:10). Nitrogen fertilizers are applied no later than the first decade of July, potash fertilizers without chlorine - in early August.

Carrots are responsive to watering, especially during seed germination and early growth. During the formation of root crops, it is watered regularly, but moderately, so as not to spread.

Carrot cultivation - preventive measures

For the prevention of aphids, carrot flies, psyllids, carrot beds are sprayed every 3 days with an infusion of marigolds or needles, and after loosening and weeding, the rows are sprinkled with ash, celandine or pharmaceutical chamomile powder.

white rot

When pests appear, carrots are treated according to the instructions with biological products. For example, lepidocide, Bitoxibacillin and others.

But from diseases caused by pathogenic fungi (alternaria) - Phytocid, Trichodermin, Mikosan - V.

Carrots are rich in flavonoids, enzymes, vitamins D, C, B, E, nicotinic acid, phosphorus, iron, selenium, potassium, and magnesium.

It is useful for vision, skin, mucous membranes, it is often used in diets, with myocardial infarction, cholelithiasis and urolithiasis.

Fresh gruel or carrot juice can treat frostbite, burns, festering wounds, ulcers, cuts.

Carrots contain a lot of keratin, it is converted into vitamin A in a living organism thanks to fats. Therefore, carrots should be seized, for example vegetable oil or sour cream.

Varieties

Alenka - an early ripe variety, root crops up to 12 cm long, orange in color, excellent taste.

Moscow Winter - mid-season high yielding variety suitable for winter sowing. Root crops up to 18 cm long, red-orange in color with a high content of carotene.

Vita Longa is a late-ripening variety, the roots do not crack, they are suitable for obtaining juice. Conical root crops 20 - 30 cm long with a high content of keratin and sugar.

909 03.10.2019 6 min.

Carrot is a herbaceous plant of small stature, belonging to the biennial group. During the first year of its “life”, the culture strengthens its root system, the vegetative part, a thickening occurs, which contains a huge amount of substances. During the second year, the generative part is formed. She is responsible for reproduction. The yield of this root crop depends on many factors: the right variety, climate conditions, proper planting and care.

About what they are, indicated in this article.

Planting process

When fertilizers have been applied to the intended site for planting seeds, it is worth digging grooves of not great depth. It will be 2 cm. A distance of at least 20 cm must be observed between these grooves. Seeds should be crushed before sowing. Thanks to such actions, you will be able to clean them of bristles. Sprinkle the sifted seeds with earth, and then tamp.

If the seed ripening process takes place at an air temperature of 16-18 degrees, then it will be possible to get the first result in 14 days. The main advantage of this planting material is that, being in the ground, they are able to tolerate minor frosts. If the thermometer reads 4 degrees, then the seeds will be able to survive. If it becomes known that a long cold is approaching, it will lead to intensive flowering of the root crop.

Mentioned in this article.

On the video - growing carrots in the open field:

Carrot belongs to a plant that loves light very much. When planting seeds in a darkened area, you risk reducing the yield and taste of the finished vegetable.

care process

In order to get an excellent harvest of carrots, you need to correctly draw up a plan for caring for root crops. This process involves a set of activities: preparatory stage soil and planting, watering, loosening, subcorking, pest control.

Watering

Upon completion of planting carrots, it is necessary to saturate the kidney with water 2 times a week. Such actions should be performed until the planting material appears from under the ground. Further watering is carried out once a week.

Watering the soil early stage it is carried out to a depth of 10 cm. As the root crops grow, the depth reaches 20 cm. Thanks to abundant watering, the carrots will begin to grow deeper, consuming moisture from there. With surface watering, the fruit will begin to acquire shoots on the sides. This will lead to a deteriorated appearance of the root crop, and also it will not be able to be stored for a long time. It is not recommended to water the plant 3 weeks before harvesting, as this will lead to cracking.

thinning

In order for the root crop to turn out to be of normal size, not to be ugly, then it is worth performing such a type of care as thinning out. You can start such actions after 2-3 leaves appear from under the ground. It is advisable to thin out once in one season.

loosening

After thinning has been carried out, you can begin to loosen the earth. Thanks to such measures, the formation of a green head in the product can be eliminated.

Mulching

So that the root crop is not damaged during loosening, the soil must be mulched with fine grass, chopped on a grass cutter. The thickness of the mulch layer will be 1.5 cm. As the length of the root increases, the thickness of the layer increases. If everything is done correctly, then you can be sure that a crust will not appear on the surface of the earth, water will evaporate less, weeds will not grow, and root crops will constantly receive the right portion of oxygen.

top dressing

It is impossible to get a high yield of carrots without top dressing. For these purposes, you can use ash, mullein and chicken manure. Dilute mullein with water in a ratio of 1:10, chicken manure - 1:30. Add 250 g of ash to the resulting solution. Fertilize 2 times throughout the season. The first time - after 2 weeks after the emergence of the plant, and the second - 14 days after the first feeding.

Pest Elimination

Root crops have one important and terrible enemy, the carrot fly. To prevent its occurrence, it is necessary to remove all existing vegetation after thinning. As a preventive measure, plant onions around the perimeter and leave dill umbrellas. To prevent rotting of carrots, it is worth constantly monitoring watering. In this case, it is better not to add than to overfill.

On the video - carrots: cultivation and care in the open field:

Necessary agricultural technology

Agrotechnics for obtaining a high quality carrot crop is simple. Soil requirements are not high. It is worth sowing planting material in the fall, since carrots are not intended for long-term storage, or in the spring after the snow melts.

No matter what time was chosen for sowing, the soil for cultivation is prepared in the fall. Deep digging is carried out in the selected area. Humus is introduced and lumps of earth are thoroughly crushed. Fresh litter is allowed to be added after 6 months before sowing. It allowed to accumulate nitrates and reduce the keeping quality of the crop.

The video tells how to properly grow carrots in the open field:

When non-granular planting material is used during sowing, it is advisable to carry out preparation here. Seeds can very often contain pacifiers. In order to prevent them from falling into the ground, it is worth using some methods to extract them:

With an ebonite stick. To do this, it is enough to move it over the seeds and those that are spoiled will simply stick to it.
Place the planting material in water, and seeds suitable for sowing will fall to the bottom. After this check, dry the seeds.

Before planting, you need to soak the seed in water. Keep it there for half an hour. The presented culture is very fond of sunlight. The process of growing carrots can occur along the perimeter of the beds with onions and garlic. It is allowed to plant cabbage near it. But after harvesting, planting cabbage is not recommended, as it will become oppressed.

Varieties

When choosing suitable variety carrots must be taken into account that they are divided according to ripening time into early, medium and late.

Early

This variety is worth choosing for a quick harvest. The resulting root crop is not intended for long-term storage. It must be eaten immediately.

To the most the best varieties worth considering:

Amsterdam;
Lenochka;
Darling;
Nantes;
Orange Muscat;
Parisian cartel;
Shantenay 2461;

Late

The duration of storage of the crop depends on the timing of ripening. The later the harvest occurs, the longer it can be stored. This collection includes the following varieties:

Alenka;
Berlicum Royal;
Dolyanka;
Gold autumn;
Emperor;
Red giant.

Varieties of long-term storage

If you are going to store carrots in the winter, then you need to pay attention to the following varieties:

Biryuchekutskaya;
Vitamin-6;
Gueranda;
Gross;
Cardinal;
Queen of autumn;
Losinoostrovskaya 13.

The sweetest varieties

The presented varieties are grown for the preparation of baby food. Carrots contain a large amount of carotene and sugar. Such a root crop should also be consumed by people who are at the computer for a very long time. To get the sweetest carrots, you should buy these varieties:

Children's sweetness;
Children's joy;
Emperor;
Carotan;
Beauty girl;
Darling;
Nastena;
Orange friend.

Varieties for Siberia

To plant carrots in Siberia, it is necessary to focus on those varieties that are not afraid of the harsh climate. This should include:

Shantane. Planting material refers to late-ripening. The finished crop can weigh 250 g, has a conical shape. With proper care and cultivation, it is possible to obtain an even and beautiful root crop. It does not crack, is able to be stored for a long time, resists various ailments.
Nantes. This variety is included in the group of mid-season. It has a cone-shaped handicap. Before ripening, the top of the carrot turns green or purple. Ready carrots are even and smooth, have an orange tint. The variety can withstand various types of rot, it is perfectly stored.
Losinoostrovskaya 13. Also belongs to the group of mid-season. The mass of the finished root crop is 180 g. The shape of the carrot has the form of a cylinder with a pointed or blunt tip. The core and pulp are presented in one color scheme. The taste of the product is very juicy, tender and sweet.

On the video - the secrets of growing carrots in the open field:

secrets

If you decide to start growing carrots in open buds, then in order to get a good result, it is important to know a few tricks. They will help you get the highest quality and fastest results:

Manure should not be used as fertilizer. In this case, you will get branchy and tasteless root crops.
For more uniform sowing of planting material, it is necessary to mix it with sand in a ratio of 1: 1.
To reduce the consumption of seeds, it is worth sticking them with a cluster of starch on thin pieces of paper. Keep a distance of 5 cm between the seeds. During planting, you just need to roll out the tape in the furrow and sprinkle it with earth.
To get an early harvest, it is worth sowing seeds before winter. Then the harvest will be stored for a long time.
To obtain large root crops, it is necessary to make the distance between plants large.
During harvesting, clean the strip gently with your hands, do not hit the ground or each other.
The product should be stored in a dark, cool place, and the tops should be trimmed.

If you follow all the recommendations presented for the care and cultivation of carrots in an open bud, you can be guaranteed to get a tasty and juicy root crop, which will be stored for a long time. In addition, you can sow not one variety, but several, which will allow you to get a varied harvest.