Cherry varieties: names, descriptions and characteristics. Winter-hardy self-fertile varieties of cherries Type of cherries with dark red fruits

Cherry bush Umrakulifera (spherical)

Prunus cerasus Umbraculifera

The form: A small tree with a regular spherical, very dense crown, usually offered in standard form.

Height: tree depends on the height of the graft.

Leaves: small.

Bloom: Blooms in April-May. Flowers are white.

Fruit: From July, bitter-sweet black-red, about 1 cm in diameter, edible cherries appear.

Roots: Rod root system. The skeletal roots are very strong, vertical, moderately developed, in a 50-70-year-old tree on loess-clay soil only 60 cm deep, on silty-clay soil 100 cm deep, on deep sandy roots depth was 2.8 m .

Light: Photophilous, tolerates partial shade.

The soil: Undemanding, prefers deep, nutrient-rich, fresh, moderately moist clay soils, neutral to strongly alkaline, calcareous. Does not tolerate waterlogging. Poor sandy soils are not favorable for it.

It is better to buy seedlings of grafted shrub spherical cherry grown in Ukraine with a large lump in sacking, so the plant is guaranteed to take root after planting.

Peculiarities: It is frost-resistant, a little thermophilic, an indicator of clay, forms root offspring, it is sick on not too fertile acidic soils. P. avium flowers are subject to late frosts. In nature, it is eaten by animals. Lives up to 80 - 90 years.

Requirements: It grows best in not too dry soils rich in calcium. It tolerates urban conditions well. Prefer sunny places.

Buy Cherry bush spherical in Kyiv at low prices and you can get advice in the PROXIMA plant nursery.
Read more: planting, watering, care, fertilization, protection, mulching, shearing - with photos in the "Planting, care" section.

Cherry this is a whole subfamily of various species of the Rosaceae family. Wild forms of cherries have been known to people for a long time, but only from the 13th century did they begin to grow them specifically. At the same time, they tried to select the most productive trees, resistant to frost and disease. Now the most common varieties are obtained from 2 types of cherries. One has the appearance of a tree and mixed fruiting, and the second type of bush with fruiting mainly on last year's wood.

The wide distribution of cherries and their popularity among gardeners is explained by good frost resistance, stable and plentiful harvest, especially self-fertile varieties. If the variety is self-infertile, then the harvest is not annual.

Cherry is undemanding to soils, successfully grows on all soils, does not tolerate salinization and waterlogging. It grows well on carbonate and calcareous soils.

This early-growing crop already in the fifth year brings a good harvest, and from the 10th year the harvest is sufficient. He loves sunny places.

Cherry fruits contain many useful substances and can be consumed not only raw, but also retain their taste qualities well when preparing juices and jams. Berries of some varieties can be dried.

Early cherry varieties: description of varieties

Varieties of cherries in which the crop ripens in the earliest dates are called early. They have more acidic juice and less sweet pulp. They have more winter hardiness than other trees.

Mid-season cherry varieties: description of varieties

Varieties ripening later than early ones, but earlier than late ones are called mid-season. They have a more pronounced taste.

Late cherry varieties: description of varieties

Late varieties ripen in August and it is good to use them not only for food, but also for canning.

Lyubskaya- the variety grows well in central and southern Russia. Demanding on soil and care, especially the introduction of large doses of fertilizers. Lyubskaya easily forms vegetative mutants. Growth is weak, the harvest is good, the fruits are transportable, the taste is mediocre. Use for jams and jams, wine and freezing. The taste of the fruit is sour, the color is blood red. The incidence is strong, frost resistance is weak. Does not crumble when overripe. It is self-fertile, but the largest yields are obtained by pollination. A variety with a yield of 12 to 26 kg per tree, old trees give up to 60 kg.

Generous- bushy cherry, grows up to two meters, has shoots raised upwards, with an average number of leaves. Fruiting is mixed. The weight of one cherry is up to four grams, rounded shape of dark red color. The pulp is dark red, the juice is colored. The bone is separated. Cherries of an attractive trade dress, with good taste. Separation from the stalk is dry. Crack resistance is good. The fruits ripen in the second half of the third month of summer, not evenly. First harvest in three or four years. Harvest annual, high. The longevity of own-rooted trees is great. Self-fertility is great. Frost resistance is good. Flowers withstand spring frosts. Drought tolerance is normal. The defeat of diseases and rot is average. Good pest resistance. This variety does well in large-scale cultivation..

Robin- has a medium-sized tree with a spherical crown. The leaf is of medium size, green, glossy, the edge of the leaf blade is crenate. Fruits mainly on last year's wood. Cherries are medium, weighing 3-3.8 grams, round-oval, dark red. Mainly used for processing. The separation of the peduncle is semi-dry. The taste is sweet-sour, the pulp is dense, the juice is dark-colored. The stone is medium, easily separated from the pulp. The variety ripens late, end of July. The harvest is high and stable. The variety bears early and needs pollinators. Frost tolerates well. Disease resistance is satisfactory.

The best varieties of felt cherry, steppe

felt cherry from the genus of small-fruited cherries. The name was given to the felt covering. It is found on young shoots, buds, reverse side of the leaf, petiole, pedicels and skin of the fruit. Tree up to two meters in height. It has a crown of broad oval shape and medium density. The leaf blade is oval, dark green in color, wrinkled, pointed apex. With a white fluff inside out. The petiole is short, up to 7 mm long, and has paired stipules. The flowers are medium in size, have five white petals, arranged freely. The fruit is not large, up to three grams. The shape is rounded or rounded flattened, with a clearly visible beak, at the base there is a funnel-shaped opening. The seam on the drupe is noticeable. The color is bright red or red-orange, the flesh is reddish, dense. The juice is light colored. The bone is inseparable. The pulp of cherries is juicy, cartilaginous. The taste is sour-sweet, harmonious, pleasant. Fruit separation is wet. The fruits are non-transportable and their storage is not possible. Machines cannot be removed. You can eat it raw and use it for preservation (juice, jam, jam), or make marshmallows, marmalade and wine. Harvest can be harvested from the second half of the seventh month. Cherries ripen at the same time. Grafted, bear fruit in the second year, grown from seeds in 3-4 years. The term of use is 15-18 years. Varieties require pollinators. The harvest is high, up to ten kilograms per bush. Resistant to frost, frost and dry winds, but does not tolerate waterlogging. It is not susceptible to many "cherry" diseases.

The best varieties of felt - Fairy, Alice, Red, Princess, Natalie,

From steppe cherries the best are - Ob, Altai swallow, Metelitsa, Zhelannaya, Maksimovskaya, Beauty of Altai, Subbotinskaya.

Gardeners prefer to choose for their garden only the best varieties of cherries, characterized by good taste and commercial qualities. The article discusses many popular varieties of early and late ripening cherries, and others.

chocolate girl

Early maturing variety. One of the most popular varieties bred not so long ago. The variety got its name for its bright and saturated color berries. The breeders managed to achieve a good result - the tree grows quickly, it is compact, practically does not get sick. When breeding, two varieties of cherries were used - Chernaya and Lyubskaya.

With proper care, top dressing and pruning of old branches, a tree can live for about 20 years. The fruits are round in shape, reach a diameter of up to 20 mm, weigh up to 3.5 g. The pulp is juicy, tender, sweet, with a slight sourness.

The variety is unpretentious and does not require special attention. For planting, it is recommended to choose days in early April, when the juices begin to move, so the plant will take root better. The collection of the first fruits occurs 3 years after planting, by mid-summer. Good care will allow you to collect up to 15 kg of juicy berries from 1 tree.

miracle cherry

One of the best hybrids obtained by crossing cherries and sweet cherries. An early ripening variety bred by Russian breeders. The flowering period begins immediately after the warm spring weather stabilizes. The fruits are large, the weight of one berry reaches 9-10 g. The shape is flat-round, the peel is dark red, dense. The taste is excellent, sweet, without acid. The pulp smells good.

The variety is characterized by high precocity: single fruits are already tied on 2-3 year old seedlings, the tree begins to fully bear fruit from the age of 4. Berries ripen annually, stably. Cherries ripen by the end of June. From 1 tree it is possible to collect up to 10-15 kg of ripe fruits.

In memory of Mashkin

The fruits are dominated by a round-heart-shaped shape, the height of the berries reaches 1.8 cm, as well as the thickness, the length is 1.7 cm. The peel is red, the pulp is also medium-density, juicy. Rich red juice. One berry weighs 4.5-5 g. The pulp is tender, sweetish with a barely noticeable sourness.

Flowering occurs in mid-May. The fruits ripen in mid-July. The tree begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting. From one hectare harvested from 40 to 66 centners of the crop.

The advantages include good taste of fruits, resistance of the tree to cold weather and fungal diseases. Suitable for cultivation in the suburbs.

Kharitonovskaya

The mid-season variety was bred as a result of crossing varieties Zhukovskaya and Almaz in 1988. Cherry is characterized by a high and regular yield. From one tree, 20-25 kg of berries are harvested every year. Cherries are sweet and sour.

The fruits are large, reach up to 1.6 cm in diameter, up to 1.8 cm in height. The weight of one berry is up to 5 g. The shape is round, the peel is of medium thickness, dark red. The pulp is tender, juicy, red-orange. The juice is light red.

Bystrinka

Mid-season dwarf variety, bred by crossing Zhukovskaya and Cinderella cherries. The advantages of the variety include high resistance to frost, minimized risk of freezing of flower buds.

The fruits ripen in early July. They have an oval shape, weight varies between 3.6-4.3 g. The peel is dense, burgundy, the flesh is juicy and tender.

Planting seedlings of the Bystrinka variety falls in the autumn or spring period. Young trees planted in spring take root better and grow faster, and they are also protected from freezing. Before boarding, be sure to select a good place where the sun is constantly shining and there are no strong winds.

Vladimirskaya

In central Russia, the variety appeared at the beginning of the 12th century, it was brought by wandering monks. It was they who began to grow these trees on the slopes near the monasteries. The fruits are black-red in color, medium and small in size, weighing up to 3.5 g. The berries are flat-round in shape, slightly flattened on the sides. The pulp is fleshy, dark cherry, small gray spots on the peel. The taste is sweet and sour, but the berries are more sour than sweet.

Mid-season variety - 60-65 days pass from flowering to picking berries. Harvest is not later than mid-July. If this is not done in time, the berries will begin to crumble. Within a couple of years after planting, fruits begin to appear. The yield is not bad - 25-30 kg of cherries from one plant.

Morozovka

Not so long ago, a popular variety bred by Russian breeders who managed to achieve good performance. Morozovka is described as a mid-season frost-resistant variety, due to which the name was obtained. Berries are characterized by good taste and rich aroma. The fruits are round, large in size, their weight is about 5 g. The cherries are slightly concave at the base. The flesh and skin are bright red. The pulp is loose, tender, juicy, with a slight sour taste.

Berries begin to be harvested in early to mid-summer. The plant bears fruit 3-4 years after planting a young tree. The yield is high - up to 35 kg of cherries are removed from one tree.

The variety has increased resistance not only to frost, but also to drought, resistant to such a disease as coccomycosis. In autumn, seedlings are planted only in the southern regions, and mostly planting is carried out in the spring before the buds open. A pit for planting begins to be prepared in the fall.

Turgenevka

Mid-season variety. When the fruits ripen, their shape becomes wide-heart-shaped, and the sizes are large. One berry weighs up to 5 g. The maroon skin and dense, juicy pulp give the berry an unusual sweet and sour, pleasant taste and pronounced aroma. The flesh is slightly lighter than the skin.

After planting a seedling, 4-5 years pass when the tree is ready to bear fruit. The fruits are harvested in early to mid-July. The yields are small - on average, a gardener will be able to get up to 10-12 kg of berries from one tree. Adult plants delight twice as much, giving 20-25 kg of berries.

With proper care, the tree will develop properly, the berries will ripen faster. Frequent watering is required - at least 1 time per week. 2-3 buckets of water are poured under one plant.

Baby

An early ripe variety bred by Russian breeders, included in the State Register in 1995. Fruit the same size and forms, weigh about 5 g, have a flattened shape. The peel is loose, dark red, the pulp of the same shade, juicy, sweet.

Fruiting occurs 3-4 years after planting seedlings. Gardeners get about 15 kg of fruits from one adult tree. Trees begin to bloom in mid-May, ripen after June 20th. In the southern regions, seedlings are planted in the fall, until mid-October, in the north - in the spring, in late April-early May.

Variety Malyshka is sensitive to lighting, therefore it is recommended to choose a place where the site will not be shaded by structures. Trees grow well, are resistant to diseases and pests.

Memory Enikeev

Self fertile variety. The berries are large, their weight reaches up to 5 g. The shape is oval with a wide core of a dark red hue. The pulp is of the same shade, the density is medium. Berry juice is dark red. One tree produces from 8 to 15 kg of ripe cherries, depending on age. Fruiting begins 3-4 years after planting the seedling. Fruit ripening is simultaneous.

This is a mid-early variety, harvesting occurs in the middle of summer, in some areas the cherries ripen by the end of June. For planting, gardeners recommend choosing well-lit areas, preferably near structures - this helps to increase frost resistance.

Apukhtinskaya

Self fertile variety. The name was given due to the place of origin - the village of Apukhta. Today it has not been included in the State Register, but the variety is actively cultivated in Russia. The advantages of the Apukhtinskaya variety include good frost resistance and unpretentiousness.

The fruits have a flattened shape, dark red, thin peel. The pulp is dense, red. One berry weighs 3.5-4 g. The taste is sour, the aroma is cherry, rich.

Planting is recommended in early spring, after the soil has thawed and until the soil blooms. It is permissible to plant seedlings in the fall, but only in the southern regions. Fertile soils are chosen for the correct and good development of the seedling.

Plant care includes watering, pruning and top dressing.

Cinderella

The fruits are medium in size, weighing about 4 g. Cherries are characterized by a round-oval shape, light red skin and flesh of the same color.

The fruits have sweet and sour pulp, juicy, not tart. The aroma is pronounced, rich. The juice smells good, light in color, with a slight acidity.

Flower buds and plant are frost resistant. The variety is rarely subject to fungal diseases. Gardeners receive from one adult tree up to 15 kg of juicy berries. Ripening occurs in mid-July. A popular variety for the Moscow region.

Zhukovskaya

This is a mid-season variety, characterized by large berries, reaching a weight of 4-7 g. The fruits are oval in shape, the bases are rounded, the tops are elongated. The peel, pulp and juice are dominated by maroon color. The stone is large, but easily separated from the pulp. The dense structure of the pulp and juiciness are the main advantages of the variety. The taste is sweet and sour, somewhat similar to cherries.

The advantages include a good yield - up to 30 kg of fruits are harvested from an adult tree. The variety is resistant to shedding, has good immunity to ring spot and coccomycosis.

Cherry fruiting begins 4-5 years after planting. Harvest in the middle of summer. If the season turned out to be rainy and cool, the fees are transferred to August.

Ural ruby

The fruits are medium in size, weighing about 3.2 g. The shape is round, the peel is dark red, the taste is sweet-sour, but more sweet. Rich red juice. Fruit ripening occurs in the first half of August. The plant begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting the seedling.

The variety is characterized average yield, up to 6 kg of ripe berries are obtained from one plant, but with the best possible care and favorable conditions, the figure can increase to 15 kg. Trees steadfastly withstand temperatures below 30-35 degrees below zero. The variety is suitable for growing in the Urals and Siberia.

Planting a seedling is carried out in the spring, during bud break, or until mid-October. But it is better to do this in the spring, because after the procedure in the fall, a young seedling may die from frost. A seedling is planted where there is a lot sunlight. It is important to choose a place without stagnation ground water, on loose, light loamy soil.

Shpanka

An early ripe variety obtained through long and painstaking work. Breeders have been mixing different species for a long time, and only by crossing sweet cherries and cherries did they manage to get a Shpank hybrid. It appeared over 200 years ago.

The tree is dominated by large burgundy berries with a glossy surface, weighing up to 5 g. Sometimes the fruits have a brown skin. Harvest appears on bouquet branches and growths of 1 year. The berries are similar in shape to those of sweet cherries: slightly flattened, do not exceed 1 cm in diameter, with a barely noticeable furrow in the middle. The pulp is yellow, juicy, the consistency is uniform. The berries are pleasant to the taste, slightly sour.

The tree is planted depending on the area: in the south, a seedling is planted in September-October, in regions with moderate weather - in the spring (April-May). Shpanka is an unpretentious variety with which gardeners rarely have problems.

Ob

The variety was bred by Russian breeders. The plant is multi-stemmed, reaches a height of no more than one and a half meters. The fruits are medium in size - one berry weighs 3.2-4 g. The shape is round-heart-shaped, dark red peel. Pulp and juice are dominated by a light red hue. The taste is sweet and sour, not tart. The aroma is pronounced.

Fruit ripening occurs in mid-late July. The variety is characterized by high resistance to drought. The disadvantages include a strong defeat by coccomycosis. Of the advantages, good propagation by green cuttings is distinguished.

Only 1.7-3.8 kg of berries are harvested from one bush, but the advantage is that they have excellent taste and attractive appearance. Gardeners prefer to grow this variety in cold regions of the country.

Lyubskaya

Late ripe variety. Ripe fruits acquire a dark red skin, but its color can change depending on the intensity of photosynthesis. Under a thin glossy peel, juicy pulp of the same shade. The stone is small, easily separated from the pulp. Cherries are oval-round, weigh no more than 4 g. They usually grow in groups of 2-4 berries. The taste is good, sweet and sour.

It is better to plant seedlings on a hill, choosing a site facing south or southwest. In such areas, moisture does not stagnate and good air exchange. After choosing a site, it is prepared in advance.

The main advantages of the variety include a high level of potential productivity, resistance to long-term transportation.

Meeting

Russian breeders in 1996 managed to get a hybrid by crossing Lyubskaya cherries and a hybrid of cherries and cherries Kyiv-19.

The fruits are characterized by large sizes, one berry weighs about 10 g, some can reach 15 g. Cherry has a slightly flattened spherical shape. The stone is medium in size, well separated from the tender, juicy pulp. The peel is dense, dark red.

The tree begins to bloom in mid-April-early May, the fruits ripen in late June. Fruiting occurs 3-4 years after planting. Up to 20 kg of cherries are harvested from one adult tree, sometimes gardeners get the maximum amount of the crop - up to 25-28 kg.

Generous

The late-ripening variety was bred as a result of random pollination of a one-year-old seedling of the Ideal variety. Various types of cherries participated in pollination, including steppe cherries. The berries are not very large, their weight reaches 3-5 g. The skin is dark red, the shape is round, they do not crack when overripe. The pulp is slightly watery, sweet and sour, the aroma is pronounced. The bone is large, easily separated.

The variety was named for a good yield - up to 10-15 kg of ripe berries are removed from one bush. Fruiting begins 3-4 years after planting. Flowering occurs in the last days of May, the berries ripen in late summer and early autumn.

For landing best time considered spring. The variety is unpretentious, undemanding to the composition of the soil, but it is better to choose areas for planting on hills, dry, with a slight sandy soil. The site should be well lit and without shading. For cherries, choose places protected from the north winds.

Anthracite

A dwarf, partially self-fertile variety, which allows you to get a good harvest even in the absence of pollinators. It will be possible to achieve the maximum fruitfulness of the tree when planting the Chocolate or Nochka varieties nearby. Young trees begin to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. The growth of the tree lasts no more than 15-18 years. Compliance proper care will provide an annual harvest of up to 18 kg of fruit from one adult tree.

The fruits are tied on last year's growth. Ripens in the second half of July. Cherries are heart-shaped, the peel is dark cherry almost black, thin and at the same time dense. The pulp is dark red, uniform, sweet-sour taste, saturated.

Cherry planting occurs in early spring, especially in the northern regions. In the southern regions, it is permissible to plant the Anthracite variety both in autumn and in spring.

Youth

Russian breeders have worked hard to create a new early ripe variety by crossing two cherries - Vladimirskaya and Lyubskaya. Variety Molodyozhnaya was entered into the State Register in 1993. The height of the tree does not exceed 2.5 meters. Harvest ripens by mid-July. Gardeners collect a little from one plant - 10-12 kg of berries.

The shape of the fruit is oblong, the weight reaches up to 5 g. The pulp is juicy, but at the same time dense, dark red in color. Cherries are not tart in taste, do not leave unpleasant sensations, the taste is sweet and sour. The variety is resistant to mechanical damage and long-term transportation - during transportation it does not lose its commercial and taste qualities.

Robin

Late ripe variety. Fruits are formed on last year's gains. Intense red cherry. The berries are small, but not small, weighing 3-4 g. Inside is a small bone, which is easily separated from the pulp. Juicy, firm flesh, with dark red juice. The taste is pleasant, slightly sour.

This is a variety with a late ripening period - the fruits appear at the end of July. But at the same time, it is characterized by high productivity - 10-14 tons are harvested from 1 ha.

The advantages of the variety include increased resistance to frost, high commercial qualities, good taste and unpretentious care.

Consumer goods Black

The variety was bred by Michurin himself. This is a low tree, which attracts with an unusual type of fruit, famous for its good taste. The advantages include precociousness: the first crop is harvested a year after planting the seedling. Cherries ripen in early July.

The peel of the fruit is dominated by a black tint, a shiny surface. The shape is heart-shaped, slightly flattened on the sides. The pulp is tender, sweet, with a pleasant sourness. The weight of one fruit reaches 4.2 g. The juice is characterized by a rich dark shade.

It is recommended to plant in a well-lit area - this will avoid a decrease in the sugar content of the berries. It is better if the plant is planted next to dacha buildings where they will protect it from cold winds. Planting is carried out in the spring - for a bare root, from spring to September - for plants from containers.

Volochaevka

The variety was bred in the 80s of the last century. But they registered it in the State Register of Russia only in 1997. The fruits are medium, sometimes large specimens come across, the weight does not exceed 4 g. The peel and juice of cherries are dominated by a rich red tint. The pulp is dense and at the same time juicy, sweet and sour, aromatic.

Flowering begins in May. Full ripeness of fruits occurs in the second half of July, less often at the beginning of the month, as regards the southern regions.

Fruiting occurs 4-5 years after planting. The yield of such a plant can vary between 9-10 kg per plant.

Lighthouse

The berries are round, with flattened sides. Cherries are large, weigh about 4-6 g, have a dark red peel and slightly bright flesh. The fruits are juicy, sweet, acid is practically absent. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. Fruiting occurs 3-4 years after planting. Ripening of berries is not simultaneous, the process lasts from late July to early August.

On average, about 10-15 kg of berries are harvested from one bush, sometimes more. The variety has good resistance to frost, endures temperatures down to -30-35 degrees. The Mayak variety is also drought tolerant.

For planting, choose a warm place with well-drained, sandy or loamy soil. It is undesirable to plant a seedling in the lowlands, and places with a close occurrence of groundwater. During the first year, it is important to water the plant, mulch and loosen the soil, but do not fertilize. Variety Mayak is a good choice for growing in cold regions (Urals, Siberia).

Garland

Trees tolerate frost well, but from low temperatures flower buds often suffer. The weight of one berry reaches 6 g. The fruits can be heart-shaped or round in shape with flattened sides. The peel is dark cherry, the flesh is bright red, there are small white streaks. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, the taste is sour-sweet.

With one adult cherry in a favorable season, it is possible to get up to 50 kg of berries. Usually 25-45 kg of cherries are removed. Berries are used mainly for making compote, juice, jam. But high content vitamin suggests that it is better to consume fresh cherries.

Seedlings are planted in the spring, when the soil is well warmed up. Getting a plentiful and tasty harvest is facilitated by the timely application of top dressing and regular watering. The variety is suitable for growing in the southern regions.

Mtsensk

The dwarf variety was bred by Russian breeders who crossed two cherries - Zhukovsky and Lyubskaya. The variety was entered into the State Register of Russia in 2005. Fruits are characterized by medium size, rounded shape, dark red skin. The weight of one berry does not exceed 4 g, height - 1.67 cm, width - 1.4 cm. The flesh is dark red, juicy, tender, without astringency and strong acid. The juice is dark red.

The plant begins to bloom in mid-May. Fruit ripening occurs at the end of July. The fruiting of the Mtsensk cherry variety begins 4 years after planting the seedling. From 1 hectare harvested from 49 to 74 centners of mature berries.

The advantages of the variety include resistance to drought, increased resistance to diseases such as coccomycosis and moniliosis, and are rarely attacked by pests.

Altai swallow

The plant is low, with many trunks. The fruits are characterized by a rounded, symmetrical shape, slightly flattened from above. Cherries are small, their weight does not exceed 3 g. The peel and flesh are dark red. The fruits are juicy, dense and sweet-sour in taste, with a rich aroma.

Fruit ripening occurs at the end of July. The variety is characterized by resistance to drought. It withstands transportation over long distances well, the variety is also resistant to such a disease as coccomycosis. The advantages include the possibility of growing varieties in the northern regions of Russia.

Planted in early spring, mid-April. For planting, it is recommended to choose well-lit areas with sandy or sandy loamy soil. Fruiting occurs 4 years after planting the seedling. The average yield from a bush is 3.9 kg, the maximum is 8.4 kg.

Griot of Moscow

The main advantage of this variety is high productivity and increased frost resistance: the variety is specially zoned for the capital and the Moscow region. The tree is small, does not exceed three meters in height. The berries are small, their weight reaches 3.5 g. The peel is dark red, on one side there is a slight enlightenment.

The pulp is juicy, dark red, sweet and sour. Mass ripening of cherries occurs in the second half of July. Gardeners collect up to 16 kg of ripe berries from one plant. The fruiting period begins 4-5 years after planting the seedling.

Tamaris

Breeders after a long-term treatment of seedlings of the Shirpotreb Chernaya variety with a chemical mutagen EI at the seedling stage received a new undersized variety Tamaris. The fruits are large, rounded, have a dark red skin and juicy, sweet and sour pulp. They taste sweeter than sour. This variety is suitable for growing in the suburbs.

Fruit ripening occurs in mid-July-early August. Fruiting occurs 2 or 3 years after planting. Harvest is fast. From one plant comes up to 10 kg, from 1 ha to 80 kg of berries. The life span of the plant is over 20 years. Seedlings are planted in spring and autumn. At spring planting the procedure is carried out until the buds open on the seedling (in April). During the autumn landing, the event should take place no later than October.

For planting choose a well-lit and ventilated area with loose, light loamy soil.

Ashinskaya

A variety recommended for cultivation in the northern part of Russia. The fruits are characterized by large sizes, their weight reaches up to 5 g each. The shape is rounded, flattened, the peel is dark red, somewhat reminiscent of unripe cherries. The pulp is burgundy, juicy, soft. The skin is thick. During removable ripeness, the berries are freely separated from the stalk. The taste is sweet, with a slight sourness.

The tree begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting, but the life expectancy of the plant is high - 30-35 years.

The late-ripening variety Ashinskaya allows you to harvest fruits only at the end of July, and it is advisable to remove fully ripe cherries in the first half of August. The yield of the variety is high, stable. Up to 12 kg of fruits are obtained from one adult tree. From 1 ha, on average, about 10 tons of quality products are obtained.

Other varieties

Other popular varieties that have won the sympathy of gardeners are also distinguished. These include the following:

• Zaranka. Low tree, pyramidal crown. The fruits are medium in size, the peel is dark red, the pulp too. Characterized by good taste. The stone is easily separated from the pulp.
• A toy. A plant with a crown in the form of a ball. A variety with low frost resistance, but increased drought resistance. The fruits are large, the peel is red. The pulp is juicy, tender, watery. This is a medium yielding variety.
• In memory of Vavilov. A tall plant with a pyramidal crown. Berries with dark skin, large in size. The pulp is tender. Yields are high.
• Podbelsky. A tall plant with dense foliage, the crown changes from a rounded shape to a flat-rounded one. The variety is distinguished for the external characteristics of the berries and their good taste. Large fruits of rich red color, the pulp is tender and fibrous. Up to 110 kg of fruits are harvested from 1 plant.
• Minx. A medium-sized but fast-growing tree that ripens cherries with dark red skins and juicy flesh with a refreshing taste. The variety is resistant to drought and frost.
• Star Asterisk. A tree with a pyramidal crown. Resistant to low temperatures. The fruits are medium in size, the peel is red. The pulp is tender, the taste is sweet and sour. The yield is good.
• Brunette. Srednerosly plant, characterized by medium frost resistance. The crown has a spherical shape. The fruits are round, small, slightly flattened. The peel is dark burgundy, the flesh is tender. The small bone is easily separated from the pulp.
• Bulatnikovskaya. The plant is low, the crown is thickened. The variety is resistant to low temperatures. The berries are dark, the pulp is sweet and sour, dense.
• Rossosh black. The crown of the tree has a pyramidal or stack-like shape. Berries with fleshy, tasty flesh and almost black skin. The advantages include resistance to long-term transportation, resistance to cold climates.

Comparative tables characteristics of varieties

The table shows the ripening period and fruit size:

This table shows varieties that are better suited for certain regions of Russia:

The first criterion by which distribution occurs is the type of tree. By this indicator, one can determine not only productivity, but also a region favorable for growing. Dwarf plants allow you to create an unsurpassed landscape design on the site. Adherents of familiar trees insist that hybrids do not give such a smell when flowering as real primordial cherries.

Treelike

The trees grow up to six meters in height. They usually have a well-developed root system. The spreading of the crown corresponds to the growth of the roots, so it is voluminous and branched. In some varieties, excessive branch entanglement can cause difficulties in harvesting. Tree cherries do not lose popularity in the market. Fruiting occurs on bouquet inflorescences. On shoots, 40 centimeters long, group buds are formed. Some of them will bear fruit, and the rest are intended for the growth of new branches. The species is represented by the following varieties:

• Rusinka;
• Turgenevka;
• Zhukovskaya.

Cherry Memory Voronchikhina is also often found among representatives of this type of culture, although the height of the tree does not exceed 3-4 meters. This previously self-fertile tree has large dark-colored fruits with unsurpassed taste. The crown is spreading, round.

Intermediate

This type is something between a bush and a tree. This is the main difference. The fruits also grow on bouquet branches. The best varieties of intermediate class cherries are Muza and Bystrinka. In the West, they are often used in cherry breeding. This is necessary to reduce the intensity of tree growth. In general, the class is represented not large quantity It has no options and special advantages over the previous type. Most felt types are also intermediate. Felt cherries completely lack root growth, which gives it significant advantages.

See also: Advantages of a vigorous hybrid Shpanka cherry tree

bushy

These species come from a dwarf culture known as Chinese cherry. They are characterized by strong immunity, developed for long years. Bushy varieties in size are consistent with the name of the species. Outwardly, they look like small bushes up to two meters. The fruits have a small sharp bone, and the taste is with spicy sourness.

But the breeders decided that it was necessary to improve bushy plants, add to them the characteristics of classic trees. As a result, dwarf crops appeared with tasty sweet cherries in standard sizes. In bushy plants, fruits are formed on branches, long shoots. The crown practically does not grow, excluding branching. The following varieties are known:

• Crimson;
• Youth
• Troitskaya;
• Vladimirskaya.

Trinity cherry is one of the best options. The bush has a multi-stemmed structure, and the fruits weigh at least 4.5 grams. Dark cherries are very sweet and juicy. Upon reaching optimal time they become almost black, which means they are filled with a lot of vitamins. Culture is different good level winter hardiness. That is why cherry for northern regions earned popularity in the Urals.

By maturity

The temperature regime is one of the most important indicators that determines the productivity of a plant. Knowing what kind of climate prevails in your strip, you can choose the best varieties of cherries.

Early

The description of most representatives indicates the full ripening of the fruit already at the end of June. Often found among early varieties pink cherry. Its flowering creates incredible beauty on the site. In addition, the fruits have a good chemical composition, the optimal content of sugar and ascorbic acid. Pink flowers attract the attention of others and delight the eye of the owner.

• Vladimirovskaya;
• Anthracite;
• Dawn of Tataria;
• Bagryanka.

These species have a good reputation and are characterized by abundant fruiting. But some representatives have low resistance to fungal diseases.

Medium

One of the brightest representatives is the Mtsensk cherry. The tree itself is no more than two meters in height with a dense spreading oval-shaped crown. The culture bears fruit on branches and bouquet inflorescences. Such versatility saves the owner from constant worries of being left without a crop, but it also requires special knowledge for proper crown pruning. Experts gave the crop an estimate of 3.8 points. However, the plant has more significant advantages. The fruits are juicy, dark red. Like most medium varieties, Mtsensk brings a harvest in mid-June-July. Lada and Ryazanochka are also popular.

See also: Description of 9 common cherry diseases and their treatment

Late

The Tambov class of fruit trees belongs to late varieties. They bear abundant fruit, the branches are strewn with inflorescences, from which large and juicy delicacies then grow. The fruits can be harvested in August. The most common late varieties:

• Lyubskaya;
• Tamaris;
• erudite;
• A toy.

In fact, there is a very thin line between mid-season and late species. In one region, weather conditions can be so favorable that fruits ripen earlier than expected. Fertile soil also plays an important role. It accelerates or vice versa slows down growth.

Fruiting

As you know, one of the criteria for selecting a seedling is its ability to self-pollinate itself. When breeding new hybrids, breeders often sacrificed this rule. As a result, cultures were divided into self-fertile and self-fertile. Among them there are dessert and table varieties with excellent taste.

self fertile

There are many varieties of self-fertile species. All of them require neither human help nor insects to pollinate themselves. Anther and pollen are at the same level, due to which the genetic material merges through the wind. Cherry Rastorguevskaya belongs to the early ones. It is characteristic that in such types the resistance of the bark to frost is reduced. But they quickly recover from the attack of low temperatures. Trees can be propagated by stem method. Known varieties this group:

• Lada;
• Chocolate girl;
• Dessert Volzhskaya;
• Nord Star.

It is known that only 40% of all flowering is destined to bear fruit. This is enough high rate compared to self-fertile cherries.

self-infertile

This type is firmly entrenched in the modern market. Despite the difference in yield, self-fertile cherries give good results in the black earth. Experienced gardeners choose the following varieties:

• Timiryazevsky;
• Griot of Moscow;
• Muse;
• Gnome.

Video "Rules for the care of cherries"

From this video you will learn how to properly care for a cherry tree.

Have questions and need answers? Ask a question to a specialist

offerme.ru

Types and varieties of cherries

Consider the characteristics of cherry species that may be of interest to Russian-speaking gardeners.

botanical species

It is most widely used as a stone fruit crop in gardens. Within this species, there are both common varieties used to produce fruits, and decorative forms. For example, spherical, terry, Rex, peach-colored, loose-leaved, and some others. Ordinary fruit varieties are both tree-like and shrubby. Trees can reach a height of 10 meters.

In trees, flowers are usually white, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Features of the species are rapid growth, shade tolerance, frost resistance, drought resistance, as well as the formation of a large number of root shoots.

Felt cherry

It has a dense ovoid crown. The bark of the branches is light. The species is represented by trees and shrubs reaching a height of 2-3 meters. This species can be used in the formation of decorative compositions, in landscaping cities.

The advantages are higher winter hardiness, greater resistance to the proximity of groundwater, increased soil acidity than ordinary cherries. Her fruiting begins at 3-4 years.

Disadvantages: fragility - lives up to 10 years and attractiveness to mice.

Cherry shrub or steppe

It grows as a stunted shrub, the height of which is less than 2 meters. Blooms within 7-12 days. Produces juicy fruits, the color of which varies from yellow to dark cherry color, close to black.

Advantages: high winter hardiness, drought resistance, blooms early, abundantly, colorfully fructifies. In this form, there are also decorative forms: weeping, motley.

Cherry glandular

It grows like a shrub, reaching a height of 1.5 m. The arched branches of the tent give the impression of a tent. The signs of this species include the diameter of the flowers up to 2 cm, the color is light pink.

bird cherry or sweet cherry

It is a tree reaching a height of up to 20-35 meters. Used by gardeners as a fruit and ornamental plant. Except regular varieties In the fruit direction, bird cherries have decorative forms: willow, terry, low, fern-leaved, variegated, pyramidal, weeping.

Advantages. Fast growth, shade tolerance, durability.

Flaw. High demands on soil fertility.

hill cherry

The representative of this species is the Vladimirskaya variety, which is widely used.

The species should be distinguished by the height of the tree, the diameter and color of the flowers, the duration of flowering, the shape and length of the leaves, and the color of the bark.

Cherry dwarf or sandy

It grows as a shrub, the height of which is usually up to 1-1.5 m. It has been used in culture since 1756 in gardens and parks; predominantly as decorative element gardens and parks, as well as to strengthen the slopes. In particular for inclusion in hedges and for cultivation in single or group plantings.

Cherry Kuril

Grows like a shrub. The height of the bush is 1.5-3.9 m. The flowers are pinkish, 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter, appear at the end of May, sometimes earlier than the leaves. The leaves are oval, serrate at the edges. The fruits are small with a bitter taste.

It is characterized by high winter hardiness, but poor rooting of cuttings. Can be used for landscaping cities.

cherry life forms

Existing species and cultivars of cherries can grow both as trees and as shrubs. Therefore, such a concept as a stem cherry is not scientific, and this word should be understood as tree-like varieties and types of cherries. In particular, the tree-like ones include Zhukovskaya, Podbelskaya, Griot of Moscow, Turgenevka, Amorel pink.

New cherry varieties

Gift for teachers

Early maturing, represented by medium-sized trees reaching a height of 3 meters, the wood and flower buds of which have high winter hardiness. It is characterized by resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis. Fruits of dark red color weighing 4 g.

Banquet

An early cherry variety, the trees of which bloom in the middle terms. Fruit weight up to 3.6 g.

In addition to these varieties of cherries, the Oryol ones can be called as new ones: Memory of Mashkin, Trofimovskaya, Farewell, Novella. These varieties are considered partially self-fertile. For good fruit setting, the following pollinators are recommended: Chocolate, Vladimirskaya, Griot of Ostheim. In addition to them, such varieties as Muse, Competitor, Orlitsa, Livenskaya, Mtsensk are considered new.

What are the varieties - Classification

In cherries, like other fruit trees, varieties can be grouped according to several criteria. Let's take them in order. According to the maturation time - they are divided into early, middle and late.

According to the life form into bushy and tree-like.

According to the ability to set fruits from their own pollen, they are divided into self-fertile, partially self-fertile and practically self-fertile.

There is also a classification according to precocity and fruit quality.

Precocity should be understood as the age at which a fruit plant begins to bear fruit. Cherry plantings that begin to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting are considered early-fruiting. These include Lyubskaya, Fertile Michurina, Polevka, Ideal and others.

In addition to early-growing varieties, there are varieties with medium early-growing. These include Vladimirskaya, Rastunya, Beauty of the North, Zakharovskaya.

There are also late-fruiting varieties that begin to bear fruit at the age of more than 6 years (Kentskaya, Amorel Kozlovskaya, Shpanka Kurskaya, Sklyanka and others.

According to taste, fruits are divided into 3 groups:

• Dessert, the fruits of which are considered excellent in taste: Vladimirskaya, Consumer goods black, Kent, English early;
• Canteens - the fruits of which are considered good in taste: Anadolskaya, Beauty of the North;
• Technical - the fruits of which are intended mainly for processing into jams, wine or other. These include: Antonovka Kostychevskaya, Lyubskaya, Korostypskaya.

Despite the fact that ordinary, bird (cherry) and felt cherries have become widespread as a fruit crop, in some regions it is worth considering many of the other species discussed above. But taking into account the climate in your area. That is, you make garden cherries yourself, choosing one or another variety and species for growing in your garden!

Combination of cherry varieties for good pollination

Cherry, like other fruit crops, is a cross-pollinated crop. That is, to get a good harvest, it is important to have cherry plants of different varieties nearby. At the same time, as mentioned above, the degree of self-fertility in different varieties is different. However, if for practically self-fertile varieties the presence of a pollinator is simply desirable, then for a self-fertile variety it is simply necessary. Consider which varieties are required for pollination of certain varieties of cherries.

This is not an exhaustive list yet, since listing them all would mean duplicating other people's articles, so the table above is for example and general presentation only.

How to identify a cherry variety

This can only be determined by comparing the desired variety with the varieties available or available on the day of planting. That is, appearance alone is usually not enough.

The fact is that some of the usual characteristics of a variety, for example, the size of fruits, their color depend not only on the variety, but also on growing conditions, including weather conditions, the level of soil fertility, and the degree of illumination. In other words, the level of compliance of some characteristics of a variety may depend on how the above conditions are suitable for a particular variety. To determine the varietal affiliation, it is important to know the strength of the growth of bushes or trees, the period of their flowering and fruiting.

Sweet

Contrary to popular belief that cherries can only be sour, they still exist with sweet fruits. These include Volochaevka, Zhivitsa, Tamaris, Shokoladnitsa, Shpanka. The latter is a hybrid of cherries and cherries.

Cherry stems

It is customary to call a stem a part of a tree trunk from the root collar to the lower skeletal branch. That is, this term is applicable only to tree-like varieties of cherries. Depending on the style of crown formation, boles can be either low (30-50 cm) or high - 60 cm and above. Of these, the low-stem crown shape is more convenient in terms of tree care.

In conclusion, it can be noted that usually 2-3 types of cherries are used in gardens. At the same time, there are still quite a few species that can be grown at least as ornamental, and sometimes fruit shrubs. Readers may be encouraged to experiment with rare species and varieties of cherries, growing them as ornamentals or as fruit bushes or trees.

Alexander Zharavin, scientist - agronomist

sadovodya.ru

The main varieties of cherries

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Ordinary cherry: photo and description of common cherry varieties, their advantages and disadvantages

There is a belief among the people that even if there is a lot of snow, it will still melt until all the leaves have fallen from the cherry trees.

Cherry is a stone fruit crop, its fruits are valuable both for fresh consumption and for various types of technical processing. They contain not only sugars and organic acids, but also biologically active substances- vitamins C, P, B2, B9, iron coumarins and others that prevent many diseases.

Tree or shrub, up to 9-10 m in height. The leaves are petiolate, broadly elliptical, pointed, dark green above, lighter below.

As you can see in the photo, the ordinary cherry has white flowers, collected in umbrellas of 2-3 flowers:

Sepals and petals five, stamens 15-20, pistil one. The fruit is a sweet and sour, spherical drupe, up to 1 cm in diameter.

Found only in culture wild nature does not occur.

Below is a description of the common cherry of the most popular varieties.

Description of cherry varieties Amorel pink and Annushka

Amorel pink cherry is a medium-sized tree, 2.5-3 m high, in the southern regions it grows up to 3.5 m, with a rare, round, spreading crown with age. Skeletal branches of ash-gray color, depart from the trunk at an acute angle, rough. The shoots are slightly curved, thin and flexible, brown with a silvery coating. Vegetative buds oval-cone-shaped, deviated from the shoot, generative - round-oval. The leaves of the Amorel cherry are pink from oblong-oval to narrowly obovate, medium in size, dark green, dense, with slightly wavy edges and doubly serrated serrations, a sharp apex and an elongated base.

There are an average of 4 flowers in one inflorescence, they are small, saucer-shaped, with wide oval petals having an oval base and a slightly forked apex. The stigma of the pistil is located above the anthers, the calyx is narrowly goblet-shaped, green, with anthocyanin pigment, the pedicel is up to 21 cm, with weak anthocyanin pigmentation.

The nature of fruiting is mixed, mainly on bouquet branches.

The fruits are medium, flat-round, with a rounded top and a wide, shallow funnel, the ventral suture is slightly visible. The skin of the Amorel cherry is light red, the flesh is creamy-pinkish, tender, juicy, fibrous, sweet and sour in an unripe state with astringency, the juice is uncolored. The stone of the fruit is light cream, rounded, with a smooth surface, rounded base and apex, semi-separable. The fruits are intended for fresh consumption, they are not transportable.

Begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after grafting. Flowering early, ripening early - early-medium. The crop in the crown is distributed evenly. The variety is self-infertile. Winter hardiness is satisfactory, the wood of branches in frosty winters is not damaged much.

Plants are affected by coccomycosis in rare cases, lesions by cherry mucous sawfly are very rare. Subject to massive bird raids. Plant shelters with nets are necessary to preserve the crop. Suitable for amateur gardening.

Advantages - early ripening of fruits.

Disadvantages - low transportability of fruits.

Cherry variety Annushka is a winter-hardy tree, medium-sized, with a spreading crown. It bears fruit on annual growth and bouquet twigs.

The fruits are large, rounded. The skin is shiny, from bright red to dark red in color. The pulp is red, juicy, pleasant sweet and sour. The juice is intensely colored. The peduncle is short, of medium thickness. Detachment of the fruit from the stalk dry. The bone is large. Transportability is good. Universal purpose.

Early ripening, removable maturity occurs in the third decade of June - the first half of July. Self fertile. The beginning of fruiting for 3-4 years of growth. Productivity is high, annual. Self-fertility is good, but it bears fruit better when planted together with sweet cherries. When describing the cherry variety Annushka, it is especially worth noting the high winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds, resistance to coccomycosis.

Anthracite cherry is a short tree, up to 2 m high. The crown is sprawling, raised, of medium density. The kidney is cone-shaped, closely pressed to the shoot. Leaf obovate, dark green. The apex is sharply pointed, the base is rounded, the edge is serrated. The surface of the leaf blade is smooth, shiny, curved upwards. The glands are located at the base of the leaf blade. The petiole is pigmented along the entire length. The calyx of the Anthracite cherry is similar in description to a narrow glass, the serration of the sepals is weak. It bears fruit on last year's growths and on bouquet twigs.

The fruits are large, wide heart-shaped. The fruit funnel is wide, the apex is rounded. The fruits are almost black. The pulp is dark red, medium density, juicy, the juice is dark red. The bone is round yellow color, the top is rounded, it separates well from the pulp.

Flowering in the middle terms (May 14-20). Ripening in the middle terms (July 16-23). Begins bearing at 4 years of age. The variety is partially self-fertile. Differs in high winter hardiness.

Cherry Anthracite - a variety of universal purpose.

Advantages - good yield, high commercial qualities of fruits of universal purpose.

Disadvantages - incomplete resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Cherry ordinary Youth - a tree or bush in height is medium and below average, the crown is round, slightly drooping. The leaves are of medium size, bright green, the edges of the leaf blade are crenate. It bears fruit on last year's growths and bouquet twigs.

The fruits are large oval, maroon, suitable for fresh consumption and all types of processing (jams, jams, marshmallows, compotes). The taste is sweet and sour, dessert, the pulp of the fruit is dense, juicy. The juice is dark red, the stone is medium in size, easily separated from the pulp.

The productivity is high, the variety is fast-growing with annual fruiting, self-fertile. Winter hardiness is above average. Resistance to the most dangerous fungal diseases (moniliosis and coccomycosis) is average.

Cherry varieties Brunette and Crimson

Cherry variety Brunette - high yielding variety average maturity. The trees are medium-sized - about 2-2.5 m, the crown is spherical, spreading, of medium density. The leaves are of medium size, dark green, the edges of the leaf blade are crenate.

Fruits of medium size, round, slightly flattened, maroon, almost black, ripen on July 20-25, suitable for fresh consumption and for all types of processing. The taste of the brunette cherry is sweet and sour, dessert, the pulp is tender, juicy, the juice is dark red, the stone is small, oval, easily separated from the pulp.

The variety is fast-growing, with annual fruiting, self-fertile, bears fruit on last year's growths and bouquet twigs. Winter hardiness is good, the stability of flower buds is average. Resistance to the most dangerous fungal diseases is average.

Crimson cherry variety - a tree below average growth, up to 2 meters, with a rounded dense crown. The leaves are of medium size, oblong-oval, dark green with a slight gloss, the edge of the sheet is serrate-crenate. It bears fruit on annual growth and bouquet twigs.

The fruits are above average, round, dark red, suitable for fresh consumption and various types of technical processing. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, refreshing, the pulp is medium density, dark red, juicy. The juice of the cherry is Crimson red, the stone is small, round-oval, it is difficult to separate from the pulp.

The variety is fast-growing, self-fertile. Winter hardiness of flower buds and perennial branches is average. Resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis is average.

One of the few early maturing varieties.

Cherry varieties Bystrinka and Memory of Enikeev

Cherry cultivar Bystrinka is a short tree. The crown is spherical, raised, of medium density. Shoots are medium, straight, brown-brown, glabrous. Lentils few, medium size, yellow. The kidney is oval, medium, strongly deviated from the escape. Cherry leaf Fastinka obovate, green. The apex is blunt-pointed, the base is round, the leaf edge is serrate-crenate. The surface of the leaf blade is matte, slightly wrinkled, curved down.

The fruits are medium weight, oval. The fruit funnel is medium, the apex is rounded. The fruits are dark red. The pulp is dark red, medium density, juicy, the juice is dark red. The stone is oval, yellow, the apex is rounded, the base is rounded, it separates well from the pulp.

Fruits of attractive appearance, tender pulp, sweet and sour, good taste.

Flowering in the middle terms (May 15-18). Ripening in the middle terms (July 8-15). Begins bearing at 4 years of age. Partially self fertile. The average yield is 83.2 c/ha, the maximum is 99.9 c/ha. The separation of the fruit from the stalk is good. The winter hardiness of the tree is average, the flower buds are high. Coccomycosis affects moderately, moniliosis severely.

Cherry of the Memory Enikeev variety is a medium-sized tree, with a round-oval crown of medium density. The foliage of the crown is medium. The color of the trunk bark is dark gray. Surface of trunk bark with longitudinal cracks. The direction of shoot growth is vertical. The color of the bark is light brown. The number of lentils is very small. The kidney is slightly deviated in relation to the shoot.

Petals are white, broadly oval, freely arranged, slightly corrugated. Stamens short, numerous. The pestle is short. The cup is goblet. The flower stalk is long. There are bracts. Fruits mainly on bouquet twigs.

The fruit of the cherry in Memory of Enikeev is wide-heart-shaped. The main color of the skin is dark red. The pulp of the fruit is dark red, medium density, the juice is red. The peduncle is long, of medium thickness. Stipules are absent. The stone is oval, of great length, medium width, small thickness. The fruits are large, sweet and sour, dessert taste, universal purpose, separation of the stem from the fruit is semi-dry.

Trees bear fruit early (3-4 years). The fruits ripen together. The variety is self-fertile. The yield is high. Tree, shoots and flower buds are moderately sensitive to frost, flowers - to spring frosts. Drought resistance and heat resistance are average. Resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Cherry varieties Memory Vavilov and Memory Sakharov

Cherry of the Memory of Vavilov variety is a vigorous tree with a wide pyramidal crown of medium density and foliage. Shoots greenish-brown, medium thickness, curved, with long internodes. The flowers are large, white, with slightly wavy edges.

The fruits are large, one-dimensional, the shape of the fruit is round, the apex and base are rounded, the funnel is small. The outer color is burgundy, the pulp and juice are dark red. The texture of the pulp is tender. The peduncle is long, of medium thickness. The stone is quite large, round-oval, well separated from the pulp. The color of the Memory of Vavilov cherry is light brown, the shape of the top is oval, the base is rounded. Fruit pulp of good taste. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and for technological processing.

Flowering time is early. Trees begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the garden. The fruits ripen at the same time.

Cherry of the Memory of Sakharov variety is a medium-sized tree - a pyramidal crown of medium density, strong foliage. Escape with a very strong silveriness, buds of medium size, vegetative cone-shaped, generative ovoid, strongly deviated in relation to the shoot. The type of flowering and fruiting in the common cherry of this variety is mainly on bouquet branches.

The appearance of the fruit is good, the juiciness of the pulp is medium, the taste is excellent, sweet.

Flowering period - 2-3 decades of May, ripening in the middle, simultaneous. The average age of entry into fruiting is 3 years after planting, the longevity of plants is 20 years. The variety is partially self-fertile. The tree and shoots are resistant to winter frosts; generative buds to winter frosts and flowers to spring frosts are moderately resistant. The variety is resistant to gum disease (gommosis).

Cherry Garland and Gnome

Cherry varieties Garland - a tree of low or medium height, height in adulthood does not exceed 3-4 meters; the crown is rounded, of medium density, with good foliage, the branches depart almost at a right angle. The bark on the trunk is gray with a cherry sheen, on old trees it is black-gray, slightly flaky, slightly rough.

The flowers are large, white, the petals are rounded, concave, corrugated at the base, closed or almost closed. Flowering occurs late, the variety is self-fertile.

The fruits are large, the shape is from heart-shaped to round-conical with a narrowing towards the top, fruits with clearly defined edges, medium flattened from the sides, the funnel is wide and shallow, the top of the fruit is flat, with a small small funnel, the color of the skin is dark red. The pulp is bright red, with small light streaks, fleshy, tender, the juice is light red. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant.

This variety often has twin fruits: there are two fruits on one peduncle, which is associated with the presence of two pistils in individual flowers.

The fruits ripen in early-mid term. Winter hardiness of the tree is good.

Cherry varieties Gnomik - a bush undersized with a spreading, drooping crown of medium density. The bark of the bole is brown, smooth. Shoots grow to the side, straight, sometimes slightly curved, gray. The number of lentils is average. Petals white, elliptical.

The fruits are medium rounded, slightly compressed from the side of the seam, red. The pulp is sweet-sour, quite satisfactory taste.

Flowering later - May 30 - June 8. Ripening later - the second decade of August, non-simultaneous. Begins bearing at 4 years of age. Winter hardiness of wood and buds is high. The flowers are resistant to spring frosts, thanks to late flowering, the variety often escapes frosts. Drought tolerant. Susceptible to coccomycosis and moniliosis. Resistant to pests. Fruiting, due to self-fertility, annual, good.

Description of cherry varieties Krasnodar sweet and Tamaris

Cherry varieties Krasnodar sweet - a medium-sized tree, the crown is flat-round, slightly drooping, of medium density. The flowers are collected in inflorescences of 3-4, medium size, saucer-shaped corolla, petals are white, broadly obovate, arranged freely, stamens are long and short, the pistil is long, located both above and below the anthers, the calyx is goblet, the sepals are without serrations, with anthocyanin.

It is distinguished by a mixed type of fruiting, which is focused on bouquet twigs and annual growths.

Fruits of medium size, rounded with a rounded top, base with a recess, dark red, with pink flesh and dark pink juice. Pulp of average density, very pleasant dessert taste. The purpose of the variety is universal, having a pleasant taste of fresh fruits, it is also suitable for various types of processing (compotes, jams, juices).

The variety belongs to the group of very early ripening and medium flowering. Begins fruiting at the age of 5, partially self-fertile. Belongs to the number of regularly fruiting varieties, the yield is good (more than 9.0 t/ha). The variety exhibits medium winter hardiness. When describing the Krasnodar sweet cherry variety, it is especially worth noting its drought resistance. To fungal diseases medium resistant

Cherry Tamaris is a low-growing tree, with a wide-round raised rare crown. Fruiting on bouquet twigs, such as spur.

The flowers are medium, white, pink. The shape of the petal is rounded. Flowering time is late. The stigma of the pistil is higher than the stamens.

The fruits are large, with a flat-rounded top, with a medium depression at the base of the fruit and a small ventral suture. The peduncle is medium, of medium thickness, there is a separating layer between the fruit and the peduncle. The fruits are dark red with a small number of small integumentary estrus on the skin. The bone is large, rounded. The pulp of the fruit is dark red, with purple juice, medium density, delicate texture, very juicy. Taste is sweet and sour with high sweetness and medium acidity.

Fruit late deadline ripening - in the last decade of July, early August. Transportability is average.

The variety is highly self-fertile, but the yield increases when planted together with the varieties Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka, Lyubskaya. The tree is highly winter-hardy, moderately drought-resistant. Propagated by budding on seedlings of cultivars of cherry.

Cherry varieties Turgenevka and Shalunya

The Turgenevka cherry variety is a tree about 3 m high, tree-like, with a reverse pyramidal raised crown of medium density. Shoots are medium, straight, brown-brown. The bark on the trunk and main branches is grayish-brown. It bears fruit on twigs.

The fruits are large, wide-hearted. The fruit funnel is medium, the apex is rounded. The fruits are dark red. The pulp is dark red, juicy, dense, the juice is dark red. The stone is separated from the pulp well.

Flowering in the middle terms (May 12-15). Fruit ripening is average (July 5-15). It starts fruiting at the age of 5. Partially self fertile. The yield is average. Winter hardiness of the tree is high, flower buds are average. Medium resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Shalunya cherry is a medium-sized, fast-growing tree with a spreading crown of medium density. The bark on the trunk is flaky, gray-brown. Shoots of medium thickness, straight, brown-brown. Numerous gray lenticels. The leaves are medium in size, obovate, short-pointed, dark green, smooth, shiny. The leaf plate is concave in a boat and bent down. The edge of the sheet is finely serrate. Stipules short, strongly dissected, early falling. Petiole short, thick, pigmented. Glands of medium size, rounded, colored. Fruits on bouquet twigs and annual growth.

The fruits of the Minx cherry are large, one-dimensional, flat-round, with a rounded top, the base is with a recess, the hole is small, wide, the ventral suture is small, inconspicuous. The color of the fruit is dark red, almost black. Subcutaneous dots are inconspicuous. The skin is dense, it is easily removed from the fruit. The pulp is dark red, tender, juicy. The cavity is the same color as the pulp. The juice is dark red. The stone is small, round, free. The taste is sweet and sour, refreshing.

The variety is self-infertile. It enters fruiting 3 years after planting in the garden and quickly increases the yield. The variety is resistant to moniliosis and coccomycosis, winter-hardy and drought-resistant.

Cherry varieties Abundant, Shubinka and Oksky ruby

Cherry variety Abundant - dwarf bush; the crown is round, dense, leafiness is strong; leaf narrowly oval, oval, dark green; without anthocyanin, strongly pointed apex, acute base, finely serrated edge, blade surface shiny. The flowers are very small, the petals are loose, white, the stigma of the pistil is higher relative to the anthers. The type of flowering and fruiting is mixed.

The appearance of the fruit is satisfactory, the juiciness of the pulp is medium, the taste is mediocre, sour.

Shubinka cherry is a vigorous tree. The crown is broad-pyramidal, weeping with age, of medium density. Fruiting mainly on annual growths.

The fruits are small, flat-rounded. The ventral suture is clearly visible. The skin is dark red, thin, shiny. The funnel is small. The stem is long, thin. The pulp is dark red, medium density, juicy, somewhat friable. The taste is mediocre, sour. The stone is of medium size, rounded.

The winter hardiness of the Shubinka cherry is high, the resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Advantages of a grade - high winter hardiness.

Cherry varieties Oksky ruby ​​- a tree at the age of 8, 2.5 m tall. The crown is spherical, drooping, of medium density. Fruiting on bouquet twigs and fruit twigs.

The fruits are uniform, medium. The color of the fruit is dark red, the flesh is also dark red, juicy. Outwardly attractive, the juice is dark red sweet and sour.

Variety of universal purpose, suitable for fresh consumption, for freezing and various types of processing - juices, compotes, jams.

The variety is self-fertile, high-yielding, with annual fruiting. It enters the fruiting season early - for 2-3 years. Ripens in the 3rd decade of July. Winter hardiness is high, resistant to spring frosts.

Cherry is a fruit crop that is in high demand among Russian gardeners. The fruits may be pale red or almost black, round, semi-circular, heart-shaped.

They are rich in vitamins, minerals and other valuable substances. Cherries are consumed fresh, frozen, used to make compotes, jams, desserts and other dishes.

The maximum demand in our latitudes is for ordinary or sour berries. More detailed information about the varieties of cherries, as well as the principles of their classification, you will find in this review.

Species by type of tree

Consider the varieties of cherries, taking into account the type of tree.

By maturity

Taking into account the timing of ripening, cultures are divided into medium, early and late.

Early

Those varieties of cherries that ripen in early June and until mid-July are called early. They give not very sweet berries, frost resistance is usually good. Kinds:

1. - trees of medium height, with a crown similar in shape to an inverted cone. Berries are sour, burgundy. The pulp is red, dense, saturated, the stone separates well. Yields are stable.
2. - cherry-cherry hybrid, significant height, branches grow freely and are shaped like a ball. The fastening of the branches is weak, so they often break under the weight of the fruit. The berries are sweet and sour, small, dark red in color and flattened. The first crops can be harvested no earlier than the 6th year of life. Pollinators are a must.
3. - tree-like cherry of medium vigor. The crown requires constant molding, otherwise it will look like a cone, and the fruits will begin to grow only at the top. Cherries are sweet, dessert, taste like cherries. Self-infertile variety. It bears fruit 3 years after planting.
4. - medium-sized cherry with a crown in the form of a ball. Gives beautiful dark red fruits with pleasant taste characteristics. The stone is separated normally, the berries are rounded, evenly flattened. Resistance to fungi, frost is high. From one tree, you can collect about 17 kg of cherries per season.

Medium

Mid-early cherries are those that ripen in mid-summer. These varieties have the best taste. Popular varieties:

1. - trees of medium size with large white flowers. The berries are round, with red skin and orange flesh, the taste is sweet and sour, the stone separates well. Immunity to diseases, frost is good. Additional pollination required.
2. Morozovka- the tree has a medium size, spreading wide crown. The fruits grow on bouquet rods, the berries have a rounded shape with a characteristic hole in the stalk area. The mass of one cherry can reach 5.5 g. The variety belongs to dessert, it is transported well. Trees bear fruit in the third year after planting, yields are stable, usually no more than 500 kg per hundred square meters.

Cherry variety Kharitonovskaya.

Late

Late varieties ripen last, closer to the beginning of autumn. Popular varieties:

1. - the variety is suitable for the center and south of Russia, it is demanding on soils, it gives abundant harvests. The taste of the berries is mediocre, but they are suitable for processing. The tree is self-fertile, but with additional pollination it produces more fruits - up to 60 kg. Frost and disease resistance is poor.
2. - bushy cherry with shoots growing upwards. The mass of one berry is about 4 g. The product characteristics are high, the fruits do not crack. Harvests are plentiful, stable, annual, ripening in autumn. Cherry Generous tolerates frosts well, including return frosts, but is prone to diseases.
3. Robin- medium-sized trees with a crown in the shape of a ball. The leaves are wide, lamellar, glossy, have crenate edges. Cherries are small, round, sweet and sour, have dense pulp. Harvests are plentiful, stable. Timely preventive treatments against diseases and pests are very important.

Varieties by region

The key to successful cultivation of cherries is the right choice of variety, taking into account the climatic characteristics of a particular region. Read about the best cherry varieties for Siberia at.

For Siberia and the Urals

Some varieties of cherries tolerate frosts normally and give good yields. These include:

1. Ural ruby ​​\u200b\u200b- a small shrub with weeping branches growing down, a wide crown. The leaves are shiny, green, shaped like a boat. The fruits are small, round, juicy, sweet and sour in taste, dark red in color. The variety is self-infertile, but has a stable yield.
2. Cherry is very popular among regional Russian gardeners. The tree has a wide crown, the trunk grows up to 2 m. Regular thinning is not required, since the shoots grow with average speed. The variety belongs to the early ones, fructifies at the end of July. The Ural standard has a high winter hardiness and gives stable high yields- about 15 kg of berries from a tree. Scarlet peel, the fruits themselves are large, well kept on the branches.

19 best cherry varieties for the Urals are described.

For the middle band

For the Moscow region, choose varieties that are unpretentious to soil composition, resistant to frost.

There are a lot of types of cherries, consider the main ones:

• Griot of Moscow- a tree that has the shape of a ball and matte leaves. Berries have a mass of 3.5 g, tasty, suitable for fresh consumption and for processing. Productivity above average, resistance to frost, return frost high. The variety is afraid of monial burn and coccomycosis.
• - not very tall cherry with a round crown, dark red fruits covered with small dots. The pulp is juicy, slightly sour. The variety is not afraid of drought and frost.

Cherries can be used fresh or recycled. Transportability is mediocre, the crop ripens in August.

• Cinderella- a medium-sized tree with fruits of about 4 g, round-oval shape, red hue, with a sweet and sour taste. The harvest ripens in mid-July, 15 kg of berries can be harvested from one tree. Frost resistance is excellent, but protection from fungal diseases is needed.

large-fruited

Varieties of cherries with dessert large berries are not inferior in taste to cherries. Their only minus is capriciousness in care and exactingness to climatic conditions. Varieties:

1. Consumer goods Black- a small tree with tasty fruits of a dark shade. The pulp is tender, juicy, the stone is separated without problems. Ripening begins in early June, yields are moderate. Frost resistance is average. The tree needs pollination.
2. Meeting- low tree large fruits bright red color, juicy tender pulp. Harvests are stable from year to year, ripen in the second half of June. The variety is not afraid of droughts and frosts, fungal diseases too.

Decorative

AT separate category cherries stand out, which not only give delicious fruits, but also become the main decoration of the garden. The most popular variety is. The tree grows in Northern China, Japan, Korea, reserves. The ornamental shrub has a compact size and a rounded shape, comes with flexible shoots, elegant green foliage. The main advantage of the variety is a very beautiful flowering with densely double snow-white flowers.

The ferruginous cherry blossoms all May and becomes the main decoration of the garden. Also classified as decorative and cherry variety.

The shoots are flexible, smooth, red-brown in color, rather thin. The leaves are oblong green. Culture develops best in well-lit areas. She needs moderate watering, soils - neutral, sandy, loamy nutritious. The tree looks very nice together with conifers, is used for landscaping not only private properties, but also the territories of cottage settlements.

How to choose seedlings

Cherry planting usually begins with a selection. Qualitative planting material should be about a meter high, go with a developed root system and be about a meter high. There should be no signs of damage or disease. On sale you can find seedlings of one-, two-year-old age with closed and open roots.

The main danger of spring acquisition is that it is difficult to understand whether a seedling is alive or not. Scratch the skin - if you see wet greenish tissues, then it is alive, and if there are none, then it is dead.

You can buy seedlings in autumn or winter, it is best to do this in garden centers who are ready to guarantee the variety of plants. Autumn seedlings are usually stronger and healthier, and the choice after the summer is richer, but in regions with cold winters, such planting can result in the death of the crop.

The first thing you should pay attention to when buying is the root system. If it is old, dry, the plant takes root poorly.

Find the place of budding - it is usually located at a height of 10 cm from the root collar. Here the trunk is slightly curved, and then grows to the side. If such a sign is absent, in front of you, most likely, is not a varietal planting material, but an ordinary seedling. Annual seedlings are about 90 cm in height, two-year-olds - 2 meters. A one-year-old has at least 2 shoots, a two-year-old has 12 or more. But the seedling may not have branching - this is normal if the trunk thickness is at least 2 cm. After planting, the plant will need to be crowned - cut off the top of the head by 20 cm above the kidney.

Video

Video about the best varieties of cherries.

findings

1. In horticulture, a whole set of varieties of cherry trees stands out. The main principles of classification are by type of tree, ripening time, growing regions, decorative characteristics.
2. Most cherry varieties normally bear fruit only if pollinators are present.
3. For the Urals and Siberia, frost-resistant types of crops are needed.
4. Decorative cherries are widely used in landscape design and give good results.