Pine bonsai is a classic bonsai species both in Japan and around the world.
In total there are about 120 species of pine. All of them are more or less suitable for growing bonsai, but 4 types are mainly used.
Used for growing bonsai the following types pine trees:
- Japanese black pine,
- Scots pine,
- Japanese white pine.
Japanese black pine
Japanese black pine is most often used due to the fact that it with the right content, has beautiful bark, tolerates poor conditions well, does not require soil rich in nutrients.
In Japan, many self-respecting bonsai enthusiasts believe that a person cannot become a master without growing black pine bonsai. The Japanese grow black pine bonsai as a tribute to its origins. ancient art. Despite the popularity of black pine, it should be noted that if you choose this particular species, you may encounter two problems:
- The tree's needles have grown too long (wrong location, watering and fertilizing),
- Slow growth ( biological feature plants).
Black pine is well suited for growing in gardens.
Black Pine Bonsai
Black pines tolerate poor conditions well and can survive in nature on barren, rocky soils. Black pine needles are dark gray-green, 7 -15 cm long. The bark is purplish-gray in color and cracks as the tree ages and resembles rock.
Mountain pine.
Mountain pine has a hardy nature and can withstand adverse weather conditions and temperature changes without changing the color of its needles. Mountain pine will withstand frost and scorching summer. At proper care mountain pine will produce dense, dense butcher's broom, and bushy branches that can be pruned and shaped into different styles. young tree begins its life with a purplish hue, and when it blooms, it produces beautiful soft purple flowers.
Mountain pine grows in Central Europe. The species itself is very diverse and botanists divide it into a number of subspecies and varieties. In favorable conditions, mountain pine forms dense dense shrubs or small trees. Needles mountain pine paired, 2-5 cm long, dark green and slightly twisted. The pine tree blooms with purple flowers.
Mountain pine bonsai.
Scots pine
Scots pine is the easiest and most flexible species to grow bonsai. Where other pines can “be capricious and rebel,” Scots pine will obligingly take any shape and preserve it well.
Scots pine is native to Western and Northern Europe. Its needles are paired, blue-green or yellow-green, 5-7 cm long. The bark becomes scaly and red-brown with age.
Scots pine bonsai
Japanese white pine
Japanese White Pine is unusual and has completely unique white needles. White pines are often grafted onto black pine trunks.
White pine is a conical or columnar tree, often with a spreading crown. White pine is native to Japan. White pine needles are 2-6 cm long, dark green in color with a whitish-blue inside.
Japanese white pine bonsai
Rules for caring for pine bonsai.
Location.
Whether you are growing a bonsai indoors or in a garden, you need to place the tree in sunny place. When growing any type of pine in full shade, you will encounter the problem that the needles will be too long, which is unacceptable for pine bonsai.
Pines need a lot sunlight during spring, summer and autumn. With a lack of sun, pine bonsai often experience branches dying. The tree is quite resistant to winter frosts, but is afraid of cold winds. You can read .
Watering.
You should not water your pine bonsai abundantly; it is better to do it in small doses, but regularly. Ensure good drainage! The soil should be kept moist throughout the season.
Feeding.
It is necessary to feed a little every month.
Transfer.
It is necessary to replant the bonsai pine in the spring, until the buds begin to swell. This needs to be done every two to three years. A young tree needs to be replanted, usually at 4–5 years. Mountain pine can be replanted in the summer. When replanting a pine bonsai, there is no need to wash the roots and try to wash away the old soil; on the contrary, it is recommended to leave a certain amount of old soil, since it contains fungi that are beneficial for the growth and health of the pine tree.
Reproduction.
It can be propagated in two ways: from seeds in April or by cuttings during the summer.
Pruning and shaping pine bonsai.
Pine is considered one of the most difficult trees to form a bonsai due to the fact that the very principle of pruning a pine bonsai is not similar to the principles of pruning other types of bonsai. This is due to the fact that most plants grow throughout the season, producing new shoots and leaves. Pine, on the other hand, experiences one growth spurt in the second half of spring.
It should be understood that pine has its own growth zones, the characteristics of which determine the intensity of pruning.
Zone 1 is the most active. These branches grow faster and more actively than others.
Zone 2 medium strength.
Zone 3 is the least active zone.
It is necessary to understand that the formation of pine bonsai must be carried out with early age tree. Old pine trunks are impossible or very difficult to bend; they will break.
Pine trees tolerate pruning well if done carefully and no more than once a year. Pruning should not be too radical, otherwise the tree may die. Pruning should be done in the fall to reduce sap loss. If you need to completely delete a branch, do it early spring, since the “scars” will heal faster with spring growth. All pruning wounds should be treated and sealed.
Formation of the crown of a pine bonsai.
Formation is carried out using wire. There are several opinions about when to start forming a pine bonsai. Some consider the best time to be in late autumn and winter, when the tree is less active. Other bonsai enthusiasts recommend shaping in the summer, when any damage can be repaired as the tree is in its growth phase. However, due to the fact that in the active phase pine branches tend to quickly increase in thickness, when applied in spring or summer, we risk getting a damaged trunk and branches by autumn. When applying wire in the fall, we can leave it on the tree until next summer without risking anything.
Kidneys.
In order to give the pine the desired appearance, it is necessary to perform simple manipulations with the buds annually. Pine buds most often occur in groups. To give wood the desired type, you can keep only the buds you need. Remembering the growth zones, and the fact that the upper branches grow faster than the lower ones, follow a simple rule: leave the most developed buds on the lower branches and the least developed ones on the upper ones.
Pruning pine bonsai - upper branches
Pruning pine bonsai - lower branches
Candles.
In the spring, the buds that you have saved will stretch into candles, the size of which cannot always be predicted. These candles can also be trimmed depending on your needs. The rule is still the same. Candles growing in the first zone of the tree should be cut back much more than candles from zones 2 and 3. You should not prune all the candles at once. Do this for 2 – 3 weeks. Candles from zone 1 are reduced by ½ or 2/3. Candles from zone 3 – no more than 1/3.
Plucking Needles
Plucking out needles necessary procedure for pine bonsai. This action allows air and light to penetrate the outer needles, ensuring the health and strength of the inner shoots and branches. This also helps spread the growth energy throughout the tree. Plucking the needles is another way to control the height and width of your pine bonsai.
Plucking of needles is carried out from mid-July to autumn. We pluck out both old and new needles in accordance with their position on the tree. The more needles on a branch, the more active it is; By reducing the number of needles on the active branch, we will redistribute the energy to less active zones.
The picture (from left to right) shows how the needles should look after plucking:
Plucking pine bonsai needles
- In zone 3. On the lower branches (leave more);
- In zone 2.
- In zone 1. We leave fewer needles at the top.
On healthy tree Bonsai can be left with only 4 pairs of needles on the upper branches, 6 or 7 pairs on the middle level and 8-12 on the lower branches.
Trimming needles
It often becomes necessary (especially if you are dealing with black pine) to reduce the length of the needles in order to refine the image of the tree. You can reduce the length of the needles by reducing the amount of water and fertilizers in the spring, but not all bonsai masters like this method, as it makes the whole tree weak.
Nowadays it is becoming popular new technology, which helps reduce needle length by limiting the time a tree has to grow its needles before growth slows or stops for the winter. The technique is as follows: shoots grow freely in spring and summer. In mid-late summer, all the needles of this year are cut off. The tree is trying to grow new needles - and it succeeds, but the needles will be shorter since there is half as much time left until winter.
This technique should only be performed on fully formed pine wood. Needle trimming should be considered as last stage development of pine bonsai.
Every year in May, I pick up a pruner and shorten the resinous “candles” of the forest pines that grow on my site. As a result regular pruning even the most unpromising pines turn into compact fluffy trees or acquire a different impressive appearance.
Are ship pines needed near the house?
The pine is perfectly formed. Any. Scots pine, or forest pine ( Pinus sylvestris) is no exception. There are such species, for example, black pine ( Pinus nigra), which initially look impressive. It’s better not to “spoil” them, although you can work with them. I like ordinary forest pines with a wide, cone-shaped crown. Unfortunately, they are smart only at a young age. Then these trees are stretched and their trunks are exposed. I know many cases when adults 20 - 40 meters ship pines became a serious problem and even a threat to people and buildings. Especially during strong squally winds. Brake rapid growth and give the crown interesting shape Can in different ways. I chose the simplest, time-consuming, but very effective option.
Shortening the candles
By shortening young growth candles, you can not only make the pine tree fluffier, but also give it a crown different shapes. In May, rapid growth of the buds that were laid in the previous year begins. Young shoots, or “candles,” appear from them. Partial pruning of these shoots allows you to get garden bonsai. To do this, I use pruning shears or garden shears to shorten the young shoots by a third or more. The work must be completed before the “candles” begin to open.
To create a certain image, some shoots can be completely removed or you can experiment with the height of the parts remaining after shortening. There are many options.
By the way, there are cases when forest pines formed in this particular way are sold by unscrupulous sellers as mountain or other valuable species. Such dexterity was very popular at the dawn of perestroika.
When the “candles” are greatly shortened, the tree grows in height noticeably slower, and prickly “balls” soon appear in place of the stumps.
“Candles” three weeks after shortening
The density and shape of the “balls” depend, first of all, on the degree of pruning. Most win-win- shortening each “candle” by the same amount. For example, when only half or a third of the height of the shoots remains. If it is more interesting to have a pine tree not with “balls”, but with “bowls” or “cubes”, then when pruning it is important to pay attention to the height and bend of the top and side lines, which are obtained as a result of shortening the bunch of “candles”. When pruning, do not injure the needles. Do not shorten the needles!
More complex shapes
Pine trees look impressive, with some “balls” planted on top of others. To do this, when spring pruning one (or several) “candles” from a bunch of shoots are left untouched. On next year it will be possible to place a new “ball” or “bowl” on it. It is possible to create unusual trees and break symmetry by cutting out individual branches. But it is better to start bold pruning only after the mechanism of transformation of pine trees becomes clear. To do this, it is advisable to practice a simple technique - shortening all the “candles” to the same height.
Near Kaliningrad I saw about one luxury mansion a low pine tree with sparse branches that held green “bowls”. The asymmetry gave this tree a special chic.
Waste-free production
Cut parts of “candles” (fresh and dry) are useful and tasty to add to tea when brewing it. Coniferous decoctions or infusions are poured into a bathtub filled with water. They can be used to rinse your hair and body after a shower. In addition, it is a valuable medicinal raw material. IN folk medicine“suppositories” are used for a slow pulse and general weakness, when a person “has difficulty moving his legs.” Vodka tincture of chopped fresh “candles” helps. It should be drunk three times a day before meals (15 - 20 drops per 0.5 glass of cool water). Vodka tincture can be replaced with decoctions. It is better not to increase the dosage. Fill a pillowcase with dry “candles” and place it on the bed. Bags of dry pine shoots are left in the closet where the laundry is stored.
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In books and Wikipedia you can read that bonsai is the formation of smaller copies of plantings. But this is not entirely true. Bonsai is a real art, into which you need to invest your whole soul and, of course, it is important to purchase necessary knowledge. From this article you will be able to learn how to make a pine bonsai at home. It will contain photos and relevant video materials.
We invite you to learn how to make a pine bonsai with your own hands
Do-it-yourself Scots pine bonsai in the garden
To make a beautiful bonsai, you can use pine seeds or seedlings. True, the first method is time-consuming. Therefore, I recommend that connoisseurs of this art dig up a seedling in the nearest forest belt. It is desirable that it be somewhat curved, as it will be easier to form a tree from it. You should dig up the plant very carefully, otherwise you may damage it. root system.
What might the owner of a future bonsai need? It’s good if he prepares a container for the plant, a shovel, and possibly a bag in advance. It is worth collecting the soil in which the pine grew, and then using it for planting on your site. The optimal time for this work is autumn.
Growing bonsai will allow you to create a luxurious masterpiece
If you want to make a pine bonsai yourself, we recommend paying attention to the key stages of work that must be completed:
- It is necessary to select a suitable pot for planting, the diameter of which is 15 cm or less. After this, the pine tree is planted and placed in the garden, preferably in a shaded place. It is recommended to water the plant frequently, especially during the first time after planting.
- It is important to cover pine trees with mulch, and it is advisable to shape them a year after planting, when the branches are stronger.
- New green shoots are the first proof that the pine tree has taken root and in the future it will be possible to get a chic miniature tree made by yourself.
- Around the 4th decade of March, seedlings need to be cut back by 10 cm. Thanks to this measure, the side shoots are activated and the trunk thickens. If the pine needles are too thick, then they should be thinned out.
- With the onset of spring, you can already begin to form a pine bonsai with your own hands, since it has taken root and become stronger. First of all, bonsai connoisseurs recommend choosing suitable style and only after that form a tree.
- Aluminum wire – best option for the formation of bonsai. It is important to carry out this procedure very carefully so as not to damage the needles. Depending on the chosen style, the wire must be bent in a spiral or at a certain angle.
- The needles remain in this state for a year in order to increase the thickness of the trunk. When it increases, it can be gradually weakened. The needles themselves are carefully trimmed to stimulate the growth of new shoots.
However, growing bonsai is not only correct landing pine trees Timely care of the tree is no less important. Otherwise, the pine tree may simply die or be destroyed by pests. How to care for Scots pine bonsai? Next we will consider this issue in more detail.
It is important to take good care of your bonsai so that the needles are healthy and aesthetically pleasing.
Any plant needs good care, and bonsai even more so. It is worth following some basic recommendations to ensure that the needles are healthy and aesthetically pleasing. What are we talking about? Caring for Scots pine bonsai comes down to the following activities. Here are the key aspects:
- periodically thin out young shoots;
- realize moderate watering;
- provide the plant with good drainage;
- inspect the bonsai for pests (aphids, silkworms) and fight them;
- in the future, apply the wire to individual branches of the needles in order to give them shape.
Pine bonsai is harmonious combination crown and root system
These are the main factors regarding tree care. However, many people ask why it is impossible to immediately plant a seedling in the garden. The answer is quite simple. The fact is that at the moment of transplantation, the growth of the root system and crown begins in the needles. Control all these processes in open ground It's simply impossible. After all, pine bonsai is a harmonious combination of crown and root system. If the roots expand and deepen excessively, then this planting will no longer resemble a bonsai. That is why the first stage of growing bonsai is in a container or a special pot.
Video on how to make a pine bonsai:
How to make a pine bonsai correctly and not make mistakes? This question is asked by many gardeners, owners and connoisseurs of this art. Photos, videos, recommendations and tips in the article are intended to help everyone who decides to form a miniature tree with their own hands at home and on garden plot. Any effort is worth it, because a luxurious masterpiece will become an exquisite decoration for your garden or apartment.
Bonsai pine - a Japanese classic garden art. Today, more than a hundred varieties of pine are known, which are, to one degree or another, suitable for the formation of bonsai, but four of them are especially popular. Today we will tell you how to properly grow a classic bonsai from pine or fir.
To grow a pine bonsai with your own hands, you will have to be patient. Main task is to do everything possible to slow growth plants, which is achieved by frequent pruning of branches and roots, using special soil, and special methods of care.
In general, a home bonsai should meet the following characteristics:
- have a powerful and strong trunk, which has a pronounced base, and the roots protrude slightly above the surface of the soil;
- have a small number of branches, and each one should be clearly visible and in harmony with general style trees;
- match one of 15 classic shapes;
- to be like a tree growing under ordinary conditions.
As already mentioned, 4 main types of pine are used for planting bonsai in the garden.
Video “How to form a pine bonsai”
From this video you will learn how to form a pine bonsai with your own hands.
Japanese black
This variety is used most often, as it has an attractive bark texture, is hardy and does not require nutritious soil. In Japan, growing bonsai from black pine is considered a tribute to tradition. However, during the growing process you may encounter a number of difficulties:
- the tree forms excessively long needles (this happens due to improper watering, violation of the feeding regime or if the location of the pot is incorrectly chosen);
- The biological feature of this plant is its extremely slow growth.
Japanese black pine tolerates the most unfavorable conditions content, surviving even on poor rocky soils.
Japanese white
This bonsai will have an unusual appearance: living up to its name, the Japanese white pine is covered with needles white. This is a conical tree, which is distinguished by a dense spreading crown.
Mountain
Caring for mountain pine bonsai at home also does not require a special approach: the culture is unpretentious, tolerates significant temperature changes well, without even changing the color of its needles. Provided that such a bonsai is provided with the right conditions content, over time it will form a lush crown with thick butcher's broom.
In addition, this variety blooms in a soft purple color. The crown of the plant can be formed into different styles depending on the gardener's preferences.
Ordinary
Bonsai grown from Scots pine is the most affordable and simplest option in our latitudes. In cases where other species require special conditions of detention, Scots pine will obediently “fulfill” all the gardener’s demands, taking the desired shape. The variety has paired yellow-green needles and red-brown scaly bark.
Planting and growing conditions
As for how to grow a classic pine bonsai, the secret lies in limiting the growth of the tree’s root system as much as possible (such trees grow in small bowls). Thanks to this approach, the above-ground part of the tree is suppressed and the desired dwarfism of the plant is achieved.
Before planting a seedling, it is recommended to prune the root system, focusing on the main root shoot. Do not forget that a large stone should be placed at the bottom of the container, which is covered with earth. After this, the plant itself is planted.
Rules of care
Regardless of whether you are growing a fir bonsai or any of the listed pine trees, the plant needs plenty of sunlight. If you place the container with the tree in a shaded area, you will get too long needles, which is not welcome in the art of bonsai. In addition, due to lack of lighting, the tree's branches may begin to die.
Another danger is drafts. Try to protect your plant from them as much as possible.
Watering and fertilizing
The plant needs moderate but regular watering. It is important that the growing pot contains an adequate layer of drainage material. Try to keep the soil constantly moist. Feed the bonsai with a small amount complex fertilizers, and no more than once a month.
Reproduction
There are two ways to grow a young bonsai from an adult plant: from seeds sown in the spring, or from cuttings that should be rooted during the summer.
Transfer
It is advisable to transplant pine trees in early spring - before the buds swell. This is done once every 2–3 years, and during the initial planting of a seedling no earlier than after 4–5 years. When carrying out the procedure, do not try to thoroughly clean the roots of the plant from the remains of the old soil - on the contrary, it will be better if it remains, since this soil contains a lot of compounds useful for the tree.
Trimming and shaping
It is difficult to form a pine bonsai, due to the fact that the principle of pruning is not similar to other crops. The point is that the period active growth the plant falls exclusively on the second half of the spring season, unlike other trees.
Another feature - separate zones growth, differing in activity. Thus, the apex is the fastest growing zone, the upper lateral shoots are characterized by medium growth vigor, and the lower ones are characterized by weak growth.
Formation should begin from a young age of the seedling, since an adult tree is almost impossible to bend, forcing it to grow in the direction you want. As a rule, formative pruning is carried out in the autumn to minimize the loss of juices, carefully processing the cuts.
What to do with the kidneys
Pine buds grow in small groups. To give your bonsai the desired appearance, you can treat the buds as follows: remove them on the upper branches (which grow the fastest) and leave them on the lower ones, the process of formation and growth of which is slower.
Actions with candles
With the arrival of spring, the buds you have saved will begin to stretch into candles, the size of which may vary. They can also be pruned depending on the desired crown shape, following the same rule of active tree growth zones. You should not cut off all the candles at once - it is better to extend the procedure over 2-3 weeks.
Plucking out needles
This is one of the mandatory procedures, without which air and sunlight will not be able to penetrate to the internal shoots through the external needles. In addition, by plucking you can also control the width and height of the tree's crown.
The manipulation is carried out from the second half of July until the onset of autumn. Both old and young needles must be removed. We are guided by simple rule: the more needles there are on a certain branch, the more growth activity it exhibits. By removing some of the needles, we can redistribute the vital forces of the plant to other zones.
Needle trimming
Sometimes it is necessary to shorten the needles to make the tree look harmonious. To do this, proceed as follows: allow the tree to freely grow needles throughout the spring and all summer, and at the end of August, cut off all the needles that have grown during this season.
Of course, the tree will try to actively grow the lost needles, and it will succeed. But the needles will be much shorter, which is what we wanted.
Remember: this method is only good for a fully formed tree; a young seedling can suffer significantly from the procedure.
Now you know how to make a pine bonsai with your own hands.
In the wake of the fashion for everything Japanese, bonsai has spread widely. This is the ancient oriental art of growing mini-replica trees. Creating a bonsai is a difficult task that requires a lot of time and effort. Miniature is achieved through constant control over the growth of the tree and its shape. The crown of the tree is periodically pruned, and the growth of the trunk is limited metal frame. Growing bonsai from pine is more difficult than from deciduous trees, but it is a very exciting activity.
Getting started - choosing a plant and searching for seeds or seedlings. Pine, common in middle lane, how impossible would be better suited for these purposes. Seedlings differ greatly from each other; the choice of one form or another depends on the desired result. You can collect them in the forest yourself or specially order them from a nursery. Plants are transplanted into small pots with a diameter of no more than 15 centimeters. Autumn - best time for transplantation, it is during this period that the plant’s roots enter the active growth phase.
At first, until the plant takes root, it is necessary to maintain conditions close to natural. Pines are photophilous, so they should be provided with a sufficient amount of sunlight, for example, by placing the pot on open air. It is important to cover the seedling with mulch from wind and cold.
The substrate must allow moisture to pass through well and not retain it on the surface. A mixture of perlite, coarse sand and humus in proportions 2:2:1 is ideal. The seedling is watered often, but little by little. You should not allow the soil to dry out; it is healthier to leave it always moist. Use clay soils It’s not worth it, they clump together and take a very long time to dry out, which can lead to rotting of the roots.
Plant Formation
To make a bonsai from an ordinary pine tree, two main techniques are used:
- the crown is ennobled by pruning;
- trunk growth is influenced by a metal frame.
The seedlings spend the first winter after planting in a state of rest; pruning is not performed. It begins only at the end of March - beginning of April. Too much pruning can kill the plant, so it should be done with caution. Optimal size the tree is 7-12 centimeters. Before starting the process, you need to make sure that the result will be healthy needles.
Excess shoots are cut off with well-sharpened scissors at an angle of 40-45 degrees, without damaging the needles. If the needles are long and abundant, they can be thinned out to more uniformly illuminate the short needles; in other cases this cannot be done.
A ligature - a frame made of three-millimeter aluminum wire that forms the desired bonsai trunk - is recommended by various experts to be installed in different times. If you do this in the spring, the wire may cut into the tree and damage the bark. Since this will happen in the summer, during the growth period of the plant, the pine will quickly heal the damage. If you do this in the fall, the desired result will come more slowly, but the ligature will only need to be removed next summer. The marks left by the wire age the tree externally, the trunk becomes rough and clumsy. The form is laid once and for the entire life of the pine; changing the frame cannot change the shape of the trunk.
The plant is wrapped with wire. The easiest way to do this is to stick one end into the ground. Then it will be enough to simply turn the pot in one direction or another. Then, if necessary, the pliable barrel is twisted or bent in the direction of the winding. The process is carried out with great care so as not to break the kidneys and needles.
Further care
The pot is displayed in the garden on a hill or hung outside the window. The main conditions are a sunny place and abundant watering. In summer it is worth paying attention to watering special attention. Bonsai is regularly fed. For the winter, it is removed in the same way as last year, covered with mulch. If you cut off the roots in winter, the pine tree will not receive the substances stored in them and will retard its growth. This way you can adjust the size of the tree. Only the damaged part of the root system is trimmed, usually after transplantation.
The transplant is done in the third year of the plant’s life. In April, the bonsai should be transplanted into a larger pot: 25 centimeters in diameter and 12-15 centimeters deep. Narrower containers should not be used - this will negatively affect both the root system of the pine tree and appearance the tree itself. The roots must be straightened and carefully examined; damaged ones must be removed. Then they are sprinkled with a root formation stimulator, for example, “Kornevin”. Upon completion of replanting, the tree must be watered abundantly.
In the summer of the third year, the pine rests from replanting. It is pruned only in the fall at the level of the upper shoots.
In the spring, a new crown will develop from the branch left after pruning. She needs to be allowed to grow. The fourth year is the most important in the fate of the plant. It is in this year that the crown of the tree is formed.
The final decision on the formation of the tree style must be made in August. The choice depends on its size and which part of the tree is most successful. Individual style bonsai - emphasizing the advantages of a tree and eliminating its shortcomings. It is important to consider in detail the two main parts of the plant: the trunk and the root system. Both elements are very important and require systematic correction. The pine tree is transplanted into a bowl, where it will spend the rest of its life, only with a fully formed trunk and roots.
