The height of a dwarf birch in the tundra. Dwarf birch in the tundra. Dwarf birch in garden design

Botanical name: Dwarf birch or low-growing birch (Betula nana).

Genus: Birch.

Family: Birch.

Homeland of dwarf birch: Northern Hemisphere.

Lighting: light-loving, shade-tolerant.

Soil: marshy, moist.

Watering: abundant.

Maximum tree height: up to 1 m.

Average lifespan of a tree: 100-120 years.

Landing: seeds, cuttings.

Dwarf birch: description

Dwarf birch, the photo of which is presented on the page, is a close relative of the ordinary birch. It is a highly branched shrub. It reaches a height of about 1 m. The branches are raised upward or spread along the surface of the ground; in diameter they can cover an area of up to 3 m. With very small sizes, the shoots are hidden in the thickness of the lichen, only the leaves of the plant are visible on the surface. The leaf arrangement is regular.

The leaves of the dwarf birch are small, 5-15 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, round, dark green above, light green below. They are attached to shoots using short petioles 4-6 mm long. In autumn they turn yellow and bright red.

Catkins on dwarf birch are also extremely small. They have an oval shape. When ripe, they crumble into separate parts: three-lobed scales and fruits - small oval nuts 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, with narrow, membranous wings on the sides.

The flowers are small, inconspicuous, unisexual. It blooms in May, before the leaves bloom. Fruits from April to June.

Young shoots are velvety or fluffy, with dark brown or brown bark. Dwarf birch grows very slowly.

The bark of an adult plant is smooth and covered with a cork layer. The shrub's winter hardiness is quite high. IN wildlife found in the North of Russia, Yakutia and Western Siberia. Abroad, it grows in North America and northern Europe. Sometimes found in the mountains and Alps. Prefers rocky, swamp and tundra soils.

Dwarf birch in the tundra with photo

This shrub is considered one of the most common tundra plants. It is found throughout the tundra zone, growing especially abundantly in its southern part, where you can find entire thickets of dwarf birch.

Tundra dwarf birch can withstand long, harsh winters frozen ground. It grows mainly in swamps, along with lichens, mosses and dwarf willows. In summer, the plant serves as food for tundra animals. Larger specimens of birch are used by the local population as fuel.

A photo of a dwarf birch in the tundra is attached.

Dwarf birch in landscape design with photo

IN landscape design use decorative form dwarf birch. Trees are planted for landscaping garden plots, adjacent areas, for the design of public parks and landscape gardens.

Due to its small, rounded shape, this shrub does not require regular pruning.

Looks beautiful in rock gardens, alpine roller coaster and group plantings, combined with low-growing evergreen conifers.

Dwarf birch: planting and care

Dwarf birch is planted using seedlings or seeds. The plant is planted in spring and autumn. Dwarf birch seedlings successfully take root in any soil, but prefer loose, slightly acidic, well-fertilized, sandy loam and light loamy soil.

They like abundant watering. Mature plant in summer it draws about 250 liters of water from the soil per day. Large seedlings with an open root system are more difficult to take root. Some of them die, others may have their tops dry out.

Planting holes are filled with a mixture garden soil, humus, sand and peat. In the spring, complex fertilizer is added to the pit; in the fall, a phosphorus-potassium mixture is used. Feeding is required in early spring and early summer.

Nitrogen-containing fertilizers (mullein, urea and ammonium nitrate). Nitroammofoska and Kemira-universal are used as autumn feeding.

Abundant watering is necessary during planting and in the next 3-4 days. During hot and dry periods, the volume of water should be increased.

Loosening is required to control weeds and saturate the soil with oxygen; it is allowed to a depth of up to 3 cm.

Sowing of seeds is carried out immediately after harvesting or in late autumn. Collect seeds during the period of browning of catkins.

Pest protection

Pests of dwarf birch - , and , .

To prevent and control pests, the shrub is treated annually with fungicides and insecticides.

Interesting facts about dwarf birch Ernik

In the North, dwarf birch is called “ernik”. This name comes from the Nenets word “nana”, which means “shrub”. In the harsh conditions of the tundra, this plant has developed its own strategy for successful existence: it moves forward under a layer of snow cape, thereby protecting itself from freezing and death. Therefore, birchberry grows as a spreading, branched bush, and not as a straight tree.

Which require a lot of attention and expense. Today we will discuss an excellent dwarf version of a familiar tree - birch. You will learn where dwarf birch grows, what it is and how difficult it is to grow.

Description

Dwarf birch is a small tree that has a height of 20 to 70 cm. Mini birch leaves are round or oval, reach a length of up to 15 cm, and have jagged edges. In the fall, as is the case with most trees, the leaves turn bright red, creating a beautiful picture. The fruit is a small nut that is several millimeters long and wide. Fruiting occurs from to.

In appearance, birch resembles a creeping shrub, the shoots of which grow roots and cling to them. Thus, one bush can occupy a significant area.

Important! In nature, the tree reproduces only vegetatively.

Popular varieties

You have learned what a dwarf birch looks like, now let’s talk about possible varieties that look more decorative than the wild version.

Golden Treasure
It is a miniature version, which is from 60 to 80 cm, has a diameter of no more than 1.5 m. The shoots are densely located, the leaves are painted in a light green color.

This variety is used not only for decoration, where it is planted in swampy lowlands, but also for. The spreading shrub grows 10 cm per season, so you don’t have to wait several years to see the “adult” version of Golden Treasure.

Unfortunately, other varieties of birch cannot be called dwarf, since they grow up to 4-6 m in height and require completely different conditions. Therefore, if you want to purchase a dwarf birch tree, then you are unlikely to be able to find any other option.

Did you know? Decoctions and infusions from birch leaves help with male infertility, increase potency, remove salts and stones from the kidneys.

Where does dwarf birch grow?

Low-growing birch is also called birch and slate. It grows in northern regions all over the world (Europe, Canada, Russia). You can even find a miniature tree in the Alps at an altitude of several thousand meters. Dwarf birch grows in the tundra, where mosses and lichens cover the marshy soil. If we take the territory of the Russian Federation, then it can be found in nature in Yakutia, Siberia and Kamchatka.

Lighting and location

Although the dwarf birch can withstand extremely low temperatures, it has quite high requirements for lighting and space. It is impossible to grow shrubs in the shade; at a minimum there should be partial shade, and ideally - sunny place. In this case, the plant will hurt less and grow faster. You need to choose a place where a lot of melt water usually collects in the spring. Any more or less illuminated lowland where more valuable crops or trees cannot be planted.

Important! The shrub can tolerate short-term droughts without any problems.

Soil for mini birch trees

If you are going to plant dwarf birch in a lowland, then take care of good soil And . It is highly undesirable to use clay or other moisture-intensive options, since the bush cannot always evaporate large number moisture, and the crop is not immune from rotting.

Therefore, when planting, be sure to place drainage in the hole and use soil that in the best possible way conducts moisture.

Important! The substrate must be acidic or slightly acidic.

Planting a plant

Seeds

Planting seeds can be done either immediately after collection or in the fall. The seeds are not afraid of frost, so there is no need to additionally insulate the soil.
Before sowing, it is advisable to double-check all seeds and dry them well. Next, we select a place according to the criteria described above and sow. Several furrows should be made, 5 cm deep and up to 10 cm wide. Pour out all the seed and carefully wrap the soil. The distance between the furrows should be at least 30 cm. It is worth remembering that every year the seeds lose their viability, so it is advisable to sow them in the same year in which they were collected.

Seedlings

Let's start with choosing a seedling. Ideally, buy an option that is in a container, since there is no danger of damage or drying out the roots. Always thoroughly check the condition of the seedling at the time of purchase.
A few days before planting, a hole with a diameter of 1-1.5 m is dug. The lower soil is removed, and the upper soil is mixed with humus, fertile garden soil, sand and so that the roots of the seedling do not come into contact with clean or “mineral water”.

Next, planting is carried out, during which the roots of the plant are not separated from the earthen clod (if present). If there is no coma, then it is advisable to soak the roots in water, holding them for several hours. First, we line the bottom of the pit with drainage, which can be represented by small pebbles, crushed stone or expanded clay. The layer should be about 15-20 cm.
Next, pour out a little soil mixture so that a mound is formed in the center, on which we will place an earthen ball with roots. After placing the seedling in the hole, we adjust it so that it grows upward and not to the side. Pour out the remaining earthen mixture, lightly compacting it.

At the end, we water the bush and mulch it, if this option is acceptable to you.

Did you know? In northern latitudes, birch pollen sometimes causes seasonal hay fever in sensitive people.

How to care for shrubs?

After landing you need to take care proper care behind the northern beauty to ensure proper development. Let's also talk about crown formation.

Watering and fertilizing

It’s worth starting with the fact that the bush “fights” excess moisture very well, evaporating up to 250 liters of moisture through the leaves per season. Such scales indicate that even the slightest drying out of the soil should not be allowed, otherwise the birch will draw out and evaporate the remaining moisture and begin to dry out or become sick. It is for this reason It is necessary to water abundantly, maintaining constant soil moisture. Of course, if water accumulates at the planting site all year round, then watering is carried out only in summer time.
Speaking about feeding, we pay attention not only to the “mineral water”, but also to the humus. In the spring we add complex fertilizers, as well as humus or compost. In the fall, you can apply a similar fertilizer.

Decoration of personal plots in lately is becoming more and more popular. In order to decorate the territory, plot owners purchase various exotic plants. Ornamental plant The dwarf birch, native to the tundra, perfectly decorates the garden and complements the landscape of any complexity. The birch tree is miniature but attractive and can tolerate low air temperatures.

Description of the plant

Dwarf birch is a shrub with a height of 20 to 70 centimeters. The leaves of the plant have serrated edges and can reach 15 centimeters in length. In autumn, the green color changes to bright red, which perfectly decorates nature. The plant bears fruit from May to June with small nuts with a very small diameter.

The tree resembles a creeping shrub that clings to the soil with its roots. Thus, one bush can occupy a significant area.

The wild birch bush grows in the mountainous tundra at an altitude of more than 500 meters. The plant does not resemble a birch tree neither in appearance, nor in height, nor in the color of its bark. Your name miniature tree derived from the word “yora”, which means “bush”. The thickets that the birch forms are impenetrable. Often they are intertwined with dwarf willow, which makes the path through their growth almost impossible.

It is correct to consider a dwarf birch as a shrub. Betula nаna grows no higher than 80 cm. The bush is covered with snow in winter, which protects it from blizzards and severe frosts. The leaves have a serrated edge. The foliage itself is smooth on top and shiny in color. The bottom of the leaf is matte, with a small fluff. In May, the plant blooms and produces earrings that look a little like the earrings of Russian birch . Autumn plant is incredibly beautiful, as it turns bright red or bright orange, thereby decorating the fields and mountains.

Yornik tolerates northern climate well . You can meet the wild version:

Growing conditions

The low-growing bush loves a sunny place, despite the ability to grow at low temperatures. The maximum that a tree can withstand is partial shade. Best place for planting - this is the one in which melt water collects in the spring. At the same time, birch can tolerate short-term droughts.

When planting in the ground, it is important to use drainage. The soil should conduct moisture well, and the substrate should be acidic or semi-acidic. The crop can be planted using seeds. They can be planted immediately after harvesting or in the autumn. The seeds are frost-resistant. The most the best seeds for planting are those that were collected in the year of planting. Every year, seed germination may deteriorate.

You can also plant a tree as a seedling. When purchasing, it is important to check that the roots are not damaged or overdried. A few days before planting, mineral fertilizers, humus and humus should be mixed into a hole 1-1.5 meters deep. When planting, the lump that is present on the roots is not removed.

The drainage that must be present in the ground should be represented by pebbles, crushed stone or expanded clay. After planting, the seedling should be watered with water and, if desired, mulched.

Rules for caring for birch

To prevent the tree from getting sick and drying out, the soil should be constantly moistened. If the birch tree is planted in a place where water accumulates, then it is important to carry out regular watering only in the summer. You can feed the crop not only with humus, but also mineral fertilizers. It is best to apply it to the soil in spring nitrogen fertilizers, and in the fall nitroammophoska. The plant needs soil nutrition every year.

Pruning of branches begins in the second year of the crop's life. Dry and diseased branches should be removed in early spring. You can form a crown not only in spring, but also at the end of August.

Caterpillars, cockchafers, armyworms and aphids can infect dwarf birch. The plant should be treated with appropriate medications or it is best to take preventive measures.

Garden addition and design

Yora is used in decoration land plot. Use it when creating:

alpine slides,
exotic landscapes;
miniature mountain elephants;

The birch tree will complement the area decorated in Japanese style, and the tree should be planted near bodies of water. You can supplement the birch with bergenia, gentians, ferns, and moss.

This crop makes an excellent hedge that will gradually grow and weave. The bushes can be trimmed, so you can decorate them culturally. If you plant a shrub in a pot, you can get a bansai.

The dwarf birch is a decoration for any home garden. Growing shrubs does not require special knowledge or expense, and your imagination will help you design the landscape in a stylish and modern way.

The birch genus (Betula) includes about 40 species of trees and shrubs found in the temperate and cool Northern Hemisphere. Thanks to decorative qualities picturesque tree with an airy crown found wide application in garden landscape design.

Varieties and types of birch are fully adapted to the climate middle zone. Culture is characterized rapid growth and unpretentiousness. Low decorative birch trees are beautifully presented as tapeworms against the background of a lawn, as well as in groups, in the company of, for example, conifers.

The bark, depending on the species, can be white, dark, yellow, or even slightly pink shade. The root system is usually small and highly branched, so there is not sufficient stability in strong winds.

Caring for birch is not difficult, and planting in containers can be done throughout the season.

Decorative varieties and names of birch species

Silver birch (Betula pendula). The most popular and widespread type of classic birch in the landscape of the middle zone. A tall tree growing up to 30 m tall with long, thin, weeping branches. The species itself is rarely used in garden landscaping, but its low, graceful varieties have become sought-after plants in landscape design.

Varieties of this type:

"Trost's Dwarf" - With completely unusual low-growing variety with an openwork, airy crown of thin, needle-like leaves;

Birch "Yungi" (Youngii). One of the most popular low varietal forms. The height does not exceed 2-3 meters, but the growth of the tree can be controlled by pruning;

Variety "Yungi" on a standard

"Royal Frost" is a tree with showy chocolate-burgundy, glossy leaves that turn bronze in the fall. The crown is loose, pyramidal. Grows up to a maximum of 10 m. It develops well in almost all conditions and is most resistant to pests;

"Golden Cloud" - a small tree whose leaves are golden-green throughout the season, “Fastigiata” - the crown of the tree resembles the shape of a cypress or pyramidal poplar.

Paper or Canoi birch (Betula paperifera) from North America. Characterized by white bark with sparse dark stripes, sometimes shades of pink, cream or yellow are found. The crown is dense, not weeping. The bark of this tree was used by the Indians as paper. Variety "Renci" with a triangular crown and golden leaves in autumn.

Himalayan hybrid Jacquemond(Betula utilis var. Jacquemontii). It is distinguished by large leaves and smooth snow-white bark. Varieties: 'Doorenbos', 'Jermyns', 'Silver Shadow' and 'Grayswood Ghost'.

Varieties of the species Betula nigra:

"Little King" is a fast-growing dwarf form of a dense multi-stemmed tree with a wide, rounded crown;

"Summer Cascade" is a small tree with a dense crown of weeping thin branches that reach to the ground. Grows well in both wet and dry soils.

Dwarf decorative birch of the Nana group (Betula nana). These are low bushes or trees, reaching a height of 50 cm to 1 meter. The branches are dark, covered with tiny round, glossy leaves. A magnificent hybrid on a standard with golden “Golden Treasure” foliage. Prefers peat soils.

"Magical Globe"- a new variety on a trunk, originally from Australia, characterized by a spherical crown and dwarf growth. Feels good in the sun, prefers permeable, dry and rather poor soils.

Planting a birch tree on the site

All types of birch are completely unpretentious. For growing, choose a sunny position or light partial shade. Soil requirements are low. The culture grows well in any type of soil, both in poor sandy and fertile substrates, but does not tolerate stagnant water. The only species that can tolerate excess water and grows well in swamps is black birch.

Birch trees can be planted in containers from spring to autumn, and bare-rooted seedlings are planted when they are dormant in November and early March.

When planting a birch tree on a site, you should take into account the size of the tree. Large specimens are planted at a distance of 4-5 meters from each other and from buildings. Distance between dwarf varieties is one and a half to two meters.

Low growing varieties are ideal solution For small plots, rock gardens and look great in composition with conifers, decorative trees and shrubs (barberry, willow, spruce, thuja, larch, spirea, chokeberry, etc.).

The rules for planting birch trees are simple. Dig a hole in a sunny and sheltered place. strong wind place. Mix the soil from it with part peat, two parts or leaf soil. If the soil is heavy, add half a coarse river sand for water permeability.

The plant is placed in a hole, the roots and root collar are covered with soil. The soil is compacted and watered well. Because root system tree is superficial, then all planted seedlings must be strengthened by tying them to a support.

Due to the shallow root system, young seedlings are watered regularly, preventing the soil from drying out. Adult specimens also need regular watering. The crop does not tolerate prolonged drought and feels comfortable in moderately moist soils.

The crop responds well to pruning. Unwanted shoots can be pruned once a year to form a crown, preferably in the fall, when all the leaves have already fallen.

Birch is perhaps the most “Russian” of all types of trees. It is difficult to imagine a plant so praised by the classics of all generations. This is not surprising: the rare grace and power combined in her image inspire people to create. But, in addition, it is also a very valuable representative of forests, providing not only wood. Today we will talk in more detail about these beauties, find out what types of common and rare birch trees exist.

Birch is one of the most common plants in our country. There are about a hundred species of birch trees, growing not only in Russia, but also in the forests of North America and throughout Europe. All varieties of birch trees can be divided into two large groups:

trees (their height varies between 30-50 meters, and the trunk width can reach 1.5 meters);
shrubs (large, small and creeping species).

Wood. Birch wood has a high degree of strength, which allows it to be used for the production of plywood products.
Burls are growths that can form on birch roots, trunks or branches. In cross-section, the burl has a very interesting drawing, which, after processing, allows it to be used for making various crafts.
Tar is a special substance extracted from this tree by dry distillation. It is used in medicine, as a rule, as part of various ointments or tar soap.
Dye . With certain processing, a yellow dye can be obtained from the leaves of the plant.
Pollen bearer. Birch is also important for honey production, as it is an important pollen bearer.
Birch bark is top layer bark, characterized by strength and durability (thanks to the resins contained in the composition). It is used as a flammable substance or material for various crafts.
Birch sap, which is extracted in the spring, is very useful. It is used both raw and as a component of various decoctions and syrups. Besides, birch sap can be used to feed apiary bees.
Medicine. Decoctions and infusions from various parts of birch are used in medicine as diuretics, bactericidal or antipyretic agents. Next we will try to find out what types of birch trees exist.

Popular types

As mentioned earlier, there are a large number of varieties of birch trees. Today we will talk about some of the most popular of them.

Hanging

The most common variety of birch in Russia is silver birch. It looks like a tree, up to 3 meters high with smooth white bark. In young trees, it is noticeable that the top layer of bark easily peels off. In “retired birches,” deep gray furrows are visible, penetrating the entire upper layer of bark. The trunk of this variety is quite flexible, straight with drooping branches, wedge-shaped leaves and catkins.

The average lifespan of this tree can be from 100 to 120 years. The tree becomes an “adult” by the age of 8, at which time the color of the bark also changes: from brown it becomes white. It is also worth noting that silver birch becomes drooping in old age; young representatives of the species have ordinary straight branches.

This plant is distributed throughout the country, but most often it can be found in central regions and in Western Siberia. Due to its unpretentiousness, it can grow in various climatic regions: it is found both in the tundra and in the steppe. Birch grows quite quickly, occupying any free plot of land, displacing other tree species.

This plant is widely used in economic activity person. So, resinous birch trees are almost collected in early spring, and young leaves are collected immediately after that. Birch bark is usually collected from the middle part of a growing tree or dead wood. Early spring Birch sap is also extracted, which due to its composition (water, chemical elements special order and organic compounds) has mass useful properties. It is known that up to 10 tons of sap can be obtained from one hectare of silver birch. All year round They also collect chaga (a medicinal mushroom that chooses the trunks of this type of tree as its place of residence).

Dwarf

Dwarf birch appearance much more reminiscent of a low-growing branchy shrub than a tree familiar to everyone. Its other name “Ernik” seems to emphasize the predilection of this shrub for the formation of thickets. It grows in northern Russia, as well as in Europe, Canada and China. It can be found in the Alps or mountainous areas of Scotland. In our country, it can most often be found in Yakutia, Chukotka, Kamchatka or the Amur region. This is understandable, because this plant prefers mountainous or marshy areas and damp soils.

Dwarf birch is a shrub whose growth usually does not exceed 2-2.5 meters. The trunk of the dwarf species is also smooth, but the foliage is small (up to 2 centimeters), with a darker top part. The branches are usually straight. The bark is not the usual white, but brownish-brown. It is important to note that this shrub grows very slowly, but is one of the most frost-resistant in the world. It is rarely used in economic activities: only among the northern tribes it is used as fuel or reindeer feed.

Karelian

Karelian birch is a variety of low-growing trees, distinguished by the presence of a strange growth on the trunk (burl) and very patterned beautiful cut wood It grows, as the name implies, in Karelia, but not only. This type birch is also found in other territories of Russia, as well as in Lithuania. This species is divided into three more varieties: low-growing, medium-height, tall.

When processed, the wood gives dark brown and yellowish shades. The unusual pattern of wood allows the Karelian tree to be used for making dishes, boxes, vases, watches and any other souvenirs.

Paper

Paper birch is a fairly powerful tree, the growth of which easily reaches 30 meters. It got its name because of the wide, dense bark, which, being pink in young animals, becomes white over time. The leaves of this tree are quite large, reaching a length of 10 centimeters. This plant is very unpretentious and can grow in any soil, with any lighting.

Cherry

North American species of birch. It is a tree up to 25 meters high. Young plants have a pyramidal wide crown, which with age begins to droop, forming a ball. The bark is of an unusual dark color (mostly cherry or red). Has enough large leaves, up to 12 centimeters long, pubescent along the perimeter of the veins. In spring, the tree blooms profusely, producing a large number of long catkins. The tree grows quite quickly and lives a long time. Prefers deep, moist bud.

Yellow

This is a large tree, reaching 30 meters in height. The homeland is considered North America(hence the other name - American birch). It has a very interesting bark color, which can be light orange or gray, or reddish-brown. The leaves are also large: up to 12 centimeters. The plant is very tenacious and grows quickly. Prefers moist but drained soils. It can live calmly for up to 300 years.

Small-leaved

A relatively short tree (up to 15 meters), it can often grow as a gnarled shrub. Distributed in desert valleys, rivers and swamps of Western Siberia, Altai or Mongolia. The bark is yellowish-gray or even pink. The leaves are quite small.

Fluffy

A low tree, distinguished by a 15-meter white trunk and a wide crown, which is formed by branches directed strictly upward. The leaves are shiny, small (up to 6 centimeters). Immediately after formation, the foliage is sticky and very fragrant. The plant tolerates shade and marshy soils well.

Far Eastern

Perhaps the most hardy plant in this group. It is a slender, straight tree with a 30-meter trunk and a spreading crown. Very shade tolerant. Young plants, for example, are not able to develop at all unless they are in the shade. Prefers foothills. Far Eastern birch can be found in Primorye, Khabarovsk Territory, as well as in the vast expanses of China and North Korea.

It is distinguished by the presence of a shaggy wide trunk covered with light yellowish bark. The leaves are oval, large and dense. This type of birch can live up to 80-100 years.

Woolly

This is a representative of the flora of mountains and mountain clearings, dark coniferous forests Eastern Siberia, Far East Russia and Korea. It is a 15-meter tree with a large number fluffy buds. The leaves are wide, up to 9 centimeters, covered with soft edges along the lower veins.

Rare species

There are also rare species of birch trees. These are, first of all, squat birch, Daurian birch, Schmidt tree, red birch, Dalecarlian birch and Erman birch. We will talk about them in more detail.

From the video “Varieties of Birch Trees” you will learn a lot of interesting things about this plant.

Squat

Another deciduous fluffy plant from the large birch family. Most often it can be found in wetlands Western Europe, Mongolia and in the European part of Russia. The plant is a shrub with a height of 1 to 1.5 meters. The branches are straight, the leaves are quite small (up to 3.5 centimeters). The bark of this type of birch is smooth, often dark or brown. The squat birch is included in the Red Book of several regions and republics of Russia. This plant is used medicinally as a component of certain types of medicines.

Daurskaya

A tall plant (up to 25 meters tall), which requires a lot of light and moisture to grow. Daurian or Korean birch grows in the Far East, Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan. It is noted that the places where it grows can be considered very successful for agriculture.

It has an original openwork crown: in young plants it is pinkish or red, in adult plants it is dark gray or brown. The peeled layers of birch bark do not fall off, but remain hanging on the trunk. The leaves are oval and dark green. Coal is usually produced from Daurian birch, and its wood is also used to make all kinds of crafts.

Birch Schmidt

It is also called iron birch. The plant can reach 20 meters in height. It is distinguished by a wide, low-set crown, which can start at a level of 8 meters. The bark of the tree is usually dark, gray or brown. It grows in the rocky regions of Primorye, China and Japan. This type of birch tree loves light. At good conditions The life of this type of birch can reach up to 400 years.

Red

Red birch, as its name suggests, is different unusual color bark, varying from red to yellow and gray shades. This is a low tree, about 5 meters tall. It grows only in Kazakhstan and is on the verge of complete extinction.

Dalecarlian

Very beautiful plant, having small thin foliage and long weeping branches. A fairly frost-resistant plant that grows in the European part of Russia and the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Birch Erman

Tree 15-20 meters high with a spreading crown. The bark of this type of birch is dark gray, brown, and sometimes yellowish in color. The leaves are quite large (up to 14 centimeters). The upper half of the leaf is usually dark green, and the lower half is light. This tree is very undemanding to soil and can grow on rocky surfaces. Distributed in Kamchatka, the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, the Kuril Islands, in the eastern part of Russia and Japan. Used in the production of coal or decorative crafts.

Photo 3. Silver birch Photo 4. Squat variety of birch