Every gardener knows that caring for fruit trees is a responsible matter. After all, you need to take care of them not only in the summer, but also in the autumn. The hot summer has passed, and the trees need moisture more than ever. In addition, autumn is not always rich in rainy days, so trees need. There are many other reasons why trees need watering in the fall.
Remember the most important rule: the more moisture in the soil, the better fruit trees grow. Experienced gardeners advise watering trees during the growing season, then next year the condition of trees and shrubs will be at their best. Due to prolonged watering, they will be enriched with vitamins and nutrients. Moreover, it will be easier for plants to survive the cold, the number of fruits per next year the root system will grow and will not freeze. In other words, autumn watering of trees is a preparation for the winter period, because, as a rule, moist soil freezes less.
As for transplanted and young plants, they need to be given more attention. The reason is the fact that the roots of the trees or shrubs have not yet taken root.
If you neglect the autumn watering of trees, individual branches may dry out, especially the risk increases during the cold period. Another disadvantage may be sunburn of tree bark.
When is the best time to start watering? How?
Irrigation Features
Watering trees in the fall in other words is called moisture charging. It is carried out in those places of the site where natural moisture comes across the least. First of all, watering requires columnar or dwarf trees because their roots are fairly close to the surface of the soil. Such plants have a risk of freezing to the root system - they must be watered abundantly and in a timely manner.
Usually moisture charging irrigation carried out in October and until mid-November. In September, at least at the beginning of the month, it is not advisable to water the plants, as they may begin to grow and will not be able to overwinter.
AT middle lane watering is carried out from mid-October. In hot regions - in October and until November.
As for the amount of water, then you need to take into account the size and age of the plants. Currants, honeysuckle, blackberries require three to five buckets of water. For trees four to seven years old, five to ten buckets are usually used.
When watering plants from a hose, you need to set watering times of 10-15 minutes several times a day. A stable amount of moisture for trees is 60-90 liters per square meter.
When calculating how much water needs to be applied for each plant, it is important to take into account the soil moisture in a particular area. You can check this in the following way: take a small clod of earth and squeeze it in your palms. If it does not crumble, then you need to water the soil less, but more often, several times a day. In dry autumn, especially in September, it is better to double the amount of watering.
Remember that the root system of trees absorbs as much moisture as it needs. Even if you water the plants more than necessary, they will not suffer from this. But it is better to water in moderation, especially in September, when trees and shrubs are just moving away from the summer season.
It is necessary to dig the soil around the plants so that the earth is enriched with oxygen and water absorption is carried out faster.
Techniques and methods
There are several irrigation methods. fruit trees and shrubs in autumn. Consider the two main ones, in which the most optimal enrichment of the root system with moisture is carried out.
First. Around the crown of the tree, that is, along the perimeter, you need to dig a small hole 10-15 cm deep and pour water into it. If you prefer to water the plants with a hose, this is the best method. Since the hose can be installed in the desired position and the water will fill the pit. After watering and soaking up water, the ditch made must be buried with earth.
The second method is underground watering of plants. It is best applied if the root is close enough to the soil. Wells should be made around each tree, the diameter of which should be 10-15 cm and the depth 50-60 cm. The well itself should be filled with pieces of brick, crushed stone or coarse sand. And through these fillers to water the trees, you can also make any kind of fertilizer. It is thanks to this method that the elements of phosphorus and potassium freely enter the root. At the same time, no crust remains on the surface, and the soil continues to be enriched with oxygen. Usually, experienced gardeners recommend using this method in September - thanks to a filter of sand and gravel, optimal amount moisture to the root system of plants. But for young, newly planted plants, the first watering method is recommended.
AT winter period the holes made must be covered with some kind of fertilizer or peat, otherwise there is a risk of freezing.
What not to do
The first is to count on rainy days in the fall. Raindrops can only penetrate forty centimeters into the soil, and this is not enough for fruit trees. Therefore, it is worth additionally watering plants and even shrubs.
You should also not resort to winter watering on heavy clay soil and in lowlands. This method will be appropriate in forest and podzolic soil.
Of course, excessive moisture levels will not favorably affect plant growth in the spring. Set the timing and amount of water per day. To achieve the optimum ratio of water to soil, test how wet the soil is.
Many neglect garden compost, but in vain. By combining top dressing and compost from sawdust and straw, you thereby protect root system for the winter.
In autumn, the garden completes its annual life cycle development: trees and shrubs store nutrients in the shoots and root system, plants shed foliage. The crop has been harvested for a long time, and it remains only to help the plants prepare for wintering. One of the stages of preparation is the winter watering of trees and shrubs. In the article I will tell you why it is needed, and how to carry it out.
Winter watering of trees and shrubs
In winter, moisture evaporates from the branches of trees and shrubs. Dehydrated shoots become brittle and brittle, the bark shrinks, and the frost resistance of the plant decreases. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to water the trees and shrubs with water in the fall. In addition, moist soil is more difficult to freeze through and is an excellent heat-insulating material. Heat rises to the roots from the lower layers of the soil, protecting it from freezing. But don't overdo it. Too much water will force the air out of the soil, the earth will settle, the roots will begin to suffocate, which can cause their death. autumn watering trees and shrubs is called water-charging irrigation. It "fills" the roots and shoots of plants with moisture necessary for a successful wintering.
Time for winter watering
There are two answers to the question of when it is right to carry out water-charging irrigation among gardeners. Often gardeners start watering immediately after harvest. But I'm not in a hurry with this procedure. Premature watering provokes a protracted growth of shoots, the plant may not have time to prepare for winter. Begin winter watering of trees and shrubs when leaf fall begins. The air temperature by this time drops to +2-+5. It is important to correctly determine the need for watering. I will tell you how to do it. General recommendation gardeners - wet the soil to a depth of 1.5 meters. But all sites are different, the care provided and the composition of the soil are also different. To determine if your site needs watering, dig a 40-50 cm deep hole in the garden among the trees. Take a clod of earth from the bottom of this hole and squeeze it in your hand.
- If, opening your palm, you see a formed clod of earth, attach a thin napkin to it. Is there a wet mark on the napkin? Your garden does not need autumn watering.
- If the formed lump did not leave a wet mark on the napkin, watering is necessary, but it is allowed to reduce the water rate by 30%.
- If the earth crumbles, water the garden according to the norms.
Norm of the amount of water
The amount of water required depends on many factors. The agricultural technology of a particular plant, the size and age of the tree also play a role. Young seedlings and shrubs of currants, raspberries and blackberries require 4-5 buckets of water. A tree at the age of 5-7 years will need twice as much water, pour 8-10 buckets. Adult fruit trees need up to 200 liters per tree. To calculate the amount of water for a tree, mentally project its crown onto the ground. For 1 sq.m. use 90 liters of water. Another little advice: do not fill all necessary water under a tree at a time. Moisture-charging irrigation is carried out in 2-3 stages.
Watering methods
There are several ways to water, choose the method that suits you. If the area is flat, winter watering is easiest to do with a hose. Make it easier on yourself by removing upper layer 2 cm in tree trunks. Think of systems of furrows and trenches so that they connect with neighboring beds. Water, flowing, will process the entire garden while you are doing other things. If the site is uneven and on a slope, use the sprinkler irrigation method. With it, water is evenly distributed over the site, capturing remote corners. Minus sprinkling in high humidity air, a suitable environment for the development of diseases. A popular method is drip irrigation. If a drip irrigation system is not installed on the site, make a quick version of it with your own hands, as shown in the photo.
To do this, you will need hoses pierced in many places. Lay them along the trees or around each trunk. Connect together using connectors, bring to the main hose from the water supply. The system is ready, start watering. Immediately after completion water-charging irrigation loosen the soil and mulch with peat, sawdust, leaves or straw.
Such easy way Watering is a must in preparing the garden for winter. Do not neglect it if you want the garden to be healthy and pass the winter without loss.
If the autumn turned out to be dry, then you will have to do a deep additional watering. fruit and berry trees Location on. Or in other words - to carry out moisture charging of the garden before wintering. It has been established that dry land is colder, and insufficiently moist soil contributes to the freezing of tree roots. And if the winter is frosty and snowless, the trees may even die. And do not rely on autumn rains - they are completely unable to solve this problem. Rain wets only the top layer of soil, which is not always enough for a root system that has grown deep into the soil.
1. Podzimny watering is used in gardens where there is no regular watering.
If by the beginning of autumn it turns out that insufficient moisture has been preserved in the soil, then there is a danger of freezing of the roots and crown during winter frosts. Strongly dried soil with drizzling autumn rain is moistened only superficially. With coming low temperatures this layer instantly freezes, which leads to damage much more serious than with dry soil. If the soil in the garden is wetted by one and a half to two meters, then in winter it will not freeze. Even if there were many rainy days in your area at the end of the year, they still wet the ground by no more than thirty centimeters. This may be enough for shrubs, but for trees it will definitely not be enough. Therefore, do not be lazy and additionally water fruit trees.
2. When carrying out winter irrigation stick to the golden rule
: Water until the dried layer is wetted to meet the remaining summer moisture. Usually, in those places where there was no constant watering, it is necessary to spend at least 80 - 100 liters per square meter of the near-stem circle of an apple tree. If at a depth of 60 - 70 centimeters the soil is still wet, then the amount of water can be reduced by about half. 
3. It is not recommended to apply winter watering on heavy clay soils
and in lowland areas. But if the soil in the garden is forest, sandy loam or podzolic, then winter watering will benefit.
4. If you spend winter watering in the fall, then by the beginning of the spring awakening of the garden, the soil will be moistened to a depth of about 2 meters. In this case, the water will not be used by the trees immediately, but will have its own effect. beneficial effect next year - at the beginning of the growing season.
5. Podzimny watering spend in the last days of October or early November
, then there is no chance of resumption of plant growth. Only then will you receive positive result during wintering of fruit trees and their subsequent development after spring awakening. 
6. Autumn, winter and winter watering, as well as spring ones, spend moderately. After watering is completed, be sure to check the depth to which the soil has soaked. If there is too much moisture, then the water and air permeability of the soil will deteriorate sharply, the root system may still suffer, and hence the tree as a whole. If the site is located in a place with loved ones groundwater or on soil with poor drainage, then it is not worth doing autumn and winter irrigation. In the southern regions, where the climate is mild, the soil should not be saturated with water even in winter, since there the roots do not stop their vital activity during this period.
7. Combine winter watering with top dressing. Dig grooves and lay rotted manure there, fill in the ashes, mineral fertilizers. Then the nutrients, along with water, will penetrate directly to the roots.
8. After watering, after a few days, mulch the tree trunks.
Make hilling trunk circles earth with garden compost, mixing sawdust and straw into it. The mulch prepared in this way will perfectly protect the root system from frost and wind, and will retain moisture in the near-stem circle. 
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0If the weather is dry in autumn, it is necessary to water the trees in the garden. This procedure is sometimes called moisture charging. She need garden trees before winter.
Since dry soil freezes much more than wet soil, additional soil moisture will help save the roots from freezing. After all, if the soil is dry, and in winter the very coldy in the absence of snow cover, this can lead to the death of the tree. Even if there were rains in autumn, it is recommended to shed the soil, since precipitation usually does not penetrate deep enough into the soil.
In the southern area, the roots do not fall into a dormant state in winter, so it is not necessary to re-moisten the soil.
- It is useful to water the garden in winter along with fertilizing. It is necessary to dig grooves into which overripe manure, ash, and mineral fertilizers are laid. All useful substances will penetrate to a great depth along with moisture.
- A few days after such abundant watering, mulching of the tree trunks is recommended. They are spudded with earth, which is mixed with compost, straw and sawdust. Such a layer will be an excellent protection of the roots from freezing and the influence of wind. Plus, it helps retain moisture.
