Setting the water pressure regulator switch. How to properly adjust the pressure switch of the pumping station? Regulate the pressure in the accumulator

Initially, the pressure switch for pumping stations is configured by the manufacturer for specific on and off indicators. During the operation of the equipment, it may be necessary to correct them. Therefore, any property owner will benefit from information on how to adjust pumping station automation.

Purpose of the pressure switch

This device is responsible for the functioning of the pump - for starting and stopping it when a specific pressure is reached in the hydraulic tank of the station. Relay consists of metal base. In its upper part are located: two regulators in the form of springs different sizes, contact group and terminal box.

If you familiarize yourself with the design and principles of operation of the device, it becomes clear how to properly set up the pressure switch of the pumping station.

At the bottom of the steel plate there is a fixed cover, and under it are located: a membrane, a metal piston, a quick-release clamping nut designed to be fixed to the adapter located on the pump. If necessary, the plastic cover attached to the large regulator can be easily removed using a screwdriver or wrench.

Relays for water supply stations differ in their shape and placement of some parts, but most often, their design is similar to that previously described. Sometimes this part of the station is completed with elements that protect the equipment from “dry” operation and prevent it from overheating, since the temperature of the water medium passing through the device is measured.

The principle of operation of the pumping station pressure switch is as follows:

1. Membrane under the pressure of the fluid supplied pumping unit, due to the increase in air pressure in one of the compartments, it begins to press the piston, which starts the contact group.
2. This group is mounted on a steel platform equipped with two hinges. In accordance with the position it occupies, the contacts that conduct a voltage of 220 V through themselves to the pump are able to open and close, leading to a stop or start of the equipment.
3. To balance the pressure of the piston, the regulator spring is activated, which acts on the platform in order to install the contact group. To adjust the compression force of the spring, a specific nut is used.
4. When residents consume water, this leads to a decrease in its volume in the system, so the air pressure in the storage tank decreases, as a result of which the spring, having overcome the action of the piston, causes the contact group to close, and this in turn starts the equipment.
5. The air pressure in the tank rises as the volume of water increases. As a result this process the piston, regardless of the resistance of the spring, moves the platform with the contacts. They do not open instantly, but only after the platform is shifted by a specific distance, depending on how much another, small spring is compressed. By analogy with a large one, it is located on a stem with a nut. The equipment stops functioning immediately after the contacts are separated.

Thus, in order to correct the starting pressure of the water supply unit, it is necessary to adjust the compression force of the larger spring. The parameter that is adjusted using this part is also called the lower one.

To change the upper pressure in the water supply system, adjustment of the functioning of the smaller spring is required. Due to the compression force of this part, it is possible to set the difference between the start and shutdown pressures of the unit.

Adjustment of the pressure switch for the pumping station may be required if the factory settings go wrong or they do not suit the owner. By default, these parameters are 1.5-1.8 bar at startup and 2.5-3 bar at shutdown. Before starting the adjustment process, the storage tank should be prepared for this.

Drive preparation

The sealed tank, which must be prepared before adjusting the pressure switch at the pumping station, is also called a hydraulic accumulator, storage capacity or hydraulic tank. It consists of two compartments, in one of them, outwardly similar to a rubber pear, water accumulates.

Another chamber into which a certain volume of air is pumped is the space between the surface of the tank and the walls of the bulb. Since water accumulates in it, it is connected to a water supply structure. To pump air into the second part, you can use a car pump.

The compression of a pear filled with liquid occurs due to the presence of air, due to which a certain amount of pressure is maintained in the pipes. After turning on the water tap, it ensures the movement of water through the pipes under pressure without the help of a pump.

In the event that the air pressure in the tank was incorrectly set, ensure that the water supply structure operates in desired mode will be impossible. If you ignore the setting of the relay of the pumping station, too low or too high a value leads to frequent stops or starts of the unit, which negatively affects the duration of its operation.

The fact is that at a reduced value, without a properly performed pressure adjustment of the pumping station, the pear is subjected to strong stretching, as a result of which it quickly becomes unusable.

The storage tank, before adjusting the pressure in the water supply system, is prepared in a certain sequence. Before pumping air into it or before checking the indicators, water should be drained from the pipeline using the bottom tap. The pear in the hydraulic tank then remains empty. Now you can start pumping air and checking the pressure.

When the pressure switch of the pumping station is adjusted for the first time and there is no relevant experience, they act as follows:

• with a container size of 20 - 25 liters, the value is set in the range of 1.4-1.7 bar;
• with a tank volume in the range of 50 - 100 liters, the parameter is set at around 1.7-1.9 bar.

Experts do not recommend keeping the pear without water for a long time, because then its walls will stick together or dry out, and it will become unusable. Regularly, at least once a month, check the air pressure in the accumulator. Then, if required, proceed to the adjustment of the relay of the pumping station.

Setting the pressure switch of the pumping station

The adjustment of the unit is started provided that the pressure in the hydraulic tank is set correctly and the filters are absolutely clean.

The technique of how to set up a pumping station pressure switch involves a number of activities in a certain order:

1. Turn off the pump and drain the liquid from the pipeline by slightly opening the bottom valve in the system. Remove the plastic cover from the relay.
2. The pumping unit is turned on, which pumps water into the system.
3. At the moment when the device is turned off, the pressure gauge data should be recorded. In this way, before adjusting the water pressure in the pumping station, they find out the value of the current upper value.
4. Then slightly open the tap located at the highest point of the water supply structure. If it is single-level, then open the tap, the furthest from the unit. When the pressure value drops to a certain value, the pump will start working again. At the time of starting, you should also record the data on the pressure gauge showing the lower pressure. Subtracting the obtained values, the pressure difference is obtained, to which the relay is set. In addition to fixing the indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the pressure of the water flow by opening the most remote tap in the system.
5. When it is insufficient, the lower indicator should be increased. Before adjusting the pressure in the pumping station, the device is disconnected from the power supply and pressed onto the nut with a large regulator. If you want to reduce the pressure, then the spring needs to be weakened.
6. The pressure difference before starting the adjustment is already known after the recorded readings have been subtracted. Optimal values ​​should be within 1.4 atm. If the result is less, then a uniform fluid supply will be ensured, but the equipment will start up more often - this will lead to its rapid wear. When the result is higher than the optimal values, the unit operates in a gentle mode, but the difference between the highest and lowest pressure will become significant. Before adjusting the pressure switch of the pumping station, a nut is used to adjust the parameter on a small spring. To increase the difference between pressures, the compression force is increased. In turn, weakening the spring has the opposite result.
7. After it was possible to adjust the relay of the pumping station, check its effectiveness. The liquid is drained from the system, and the power supply is connected to the pump and put into operation. The subsequent steps are repeated until the relay settings meet the needs.

Performing the initial adjustment

When the springs are completely loosened on the pressure switch for the pumping station, the setting is made from scratch:

1. The pump is put into operation and the system is pressurized to a value when the pressure in the valve farthest from it becomes acceptable. Let's say it's 1.5 bar. The unit is turned off.
2. Then the station is disconnected from the power supply, the cover is removed from the relay and the nut on the large regulator is tightened until a click is heard, indicating that the contacts have closed.
3. The cover is put in place and the pump is started up, bringing the pressure to 2.9 bar.
4. The unit is disconnected from the power supply, the cover is opened again and the nut is pressed on the small spring until a click indicates that the contacts have opened. See also: "Correct adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump - the basic principles of setting".

When setting up the relay, you need to follow the rule explaining what pressure should be in the water pump and in the hydraulic tank. Focus on the difference between them - it will be about 10%. For example, if the pump turn-on indicator is 1.6 bar, then the air pressure in the tank should be 1.4-1.5 bar.

Determines the efficiency and economy of operation, and also allows you to increase the service life and reduce the likelihood of equipment failure. In order for the regulation of the fluid supply to be carried out correctly, it is important not only to choose the right relay, but also to correctly install it, configure and adjust it. Only in this case it is possible to obtain uninterrupted water supply and the required pressure in the pipelines.

If you have chosen a water pressure switch for a pump produced by a well-known and reliable manufacturer, the instructions that come with the equipment will tell you how to properly install and configure the product. However, in order to avoid difficulties during operation, it is important to understand how the pressure switch works.

Design features

The sensitive element of the pressure switch is an elastic membrane that is connected to two springs. Perceiving the pressure of the liquid in the pipeline, the membrane, in turn, increases or weakens the pressure on the springs. Thus, at low pressure, the spring expands, and at high pressure, it compresses. Deformed in this way, the spring closes or opens the contacts of the pump power supply circuit, turning on or off the pumping unit, respectively. Exact values relay operation is set during adjustment: each of the springs has an adjusting nut, by turning which the set value is set.

Sequencing

The operation cycle of a pump (pumping station) with a control relay includes the following steps:

1. Turning on the pump.
2. Filling the accumulator with water.
3. An increase in pressure in the system (indicated by the readings of the pressure gauge).
4. The pressure reaches the limit value and the relay trips (the circuit opens, the pump stops).
5. System operation in normal mode (water consumption with a gradual decrease in pressure in the hydraulic tank).

After the pressure drops to the value set on the relay spring, which is “responsible” for controlling the switch-on parameter, the circuit will close, the pump will turn on, and a new cycle will begin.

Pressure test

Before the equipment is installed and the water pressure switch for the pump or pumping station is adjusted, it is necessary to check the condition of the hydraulic tank, in particular, its main parameter is air pressure. As a rule, the declared value is 1.5 atmospheres, and at the manufacturing stage, manufacturers really create such pressure in the chamber. However, leakage may occur during storage and transport. compressed air through leaky connections.

There is one more nuance: the accuracy of the pressure gauge included in the kit is sufficient to control the operation of the system, but it is better to use a more accurate device for checking and tuning. There is no need to specifically purchase expensive equipment - almost everyone has a mechanical automobile pressure gauge with a metal case and is quite suitable for this purpose.

The measurement of the pressure in the tank occurs in three stages.

1. Removing the decorative protective cap from the nipple.
2. Connection to the manometer nipple.
3. Taking evidence.

Before adjusting the pressure switch of the pumping station, it is important to evaluate the readings obtained. In this case, some regularities should be taken into account.

• The higher the pressure, the greater the pressure, but the smaller the volume of water that can be pumped into the tank. In addition, if the pressure is too high, the membrane wears out faster.
• Low pressure allows you to increase the supply of water, however, the pressure created by such a system will not be enough for equipment that is sensitive to this parameter (jacuzzi, massage shower, etc.).

It is necessary to pump air into the hydraulic tank of the pumping station or bleed it through the nipple until the optimum value on the pressure gauge is obtained.

• When using plumbing with high pressure, a pressure of 1.5 atm is considered optimal.
• A good pressure in conventional taps creates a pressure of 1 atm.
• Pressure below 1 atm. not only reduces the efficiency of the system, but can also damage the “pear” of the accumulator.

Pressure setting

Before setting up the pressure switch of the pumping station, we recall the device of this device. Opening the lid, you can see two different size springs. The one that is larger is “responsible” for setting the value of the lower pressure (the parameter for switching on the pumping unit).

Do-it-yourself setting of the water pressure switch for the pump is carried out sequentially:

1. The accumulator, in which the required air pressure value is obtained, is connected to the system.
2. A car pressure gauge is installed for precise control.
3. The pump turns on and works until the pressure gauge shows the required limit value (a rarer, but more likely option - the pressure stops increasing, then the pump must be turned off manually).
4. Gradually drain the water from the system until the pump is turned on, thereby determining the lower pressure level.
5. Turn the large nut to set the desired low level (recommended value is 10% more than the air pressure in the tank).
6. When the pump is turned on, the pressure of its shutdown is monitored and, if necessary, this value is adjusted with a small nut.

The cycle is repeated to check the response parameters and adjust the springs if necessary.

Important: The nut on the large spring is responsible for setting the lower pressure limit at which the pump turns on, and the nut on the small spring is responsible for setting the difference between the lower pressure set using the large spring and the upper pressure at which the pump turns off.

In fact, it is not difficult to understand how to adjust the water pressure switch, however, the process requires some time and attention to achieve the goal.

The adjustment of the water pump pressure switch is shown in the video.

Cost of equipment

One of the criteria for choosing a water pressure switch for a pump is the price. The range of equipment costs is approximately from $5 to $120, so it is important to determine the impact of price on performance, the need for certain technical capabilities and the feasibility of investments.

Features of expensive models

Most expensive models are electronic relays. They are easier to set up, besides, the equipment in this price category is different. high precision triggering. However, in living conditions such accuracy is not prerequisite for the correct operation of the system. In addition, expensive branded models may not be suitable for Russian reality- they are sensitive to the stability of the mains parameters, and many of them require increased voltage. Thus, to ensure operability, you will have to purchase additional equipment.

The cost of branded electronic relays is on average $35-50, but in some cases the price can exceed $100.

Medium and budget price categories

The cheapest models (about 5-7 dollars) are not only easy to use, but also not very accurate, and most importantly, short-lived. Experts and users are unanimous - savings should have reasonable limits. The funds spent on the purchase of a cheap relay for a pumping station, although not significant for the budget, but with big share chances are they may be wasted - soon the relay will need to be repaired or replaced.

Medium price category- these are reliable models of trusted manufacturers with not the highest, but sufficient accuracy for correct regulation of the operation of the water supply system. Their price is 25-35 dollars. The combination of reasonable cost and functionality makes such relays very popular.

Pump stations - great way provide autonomous water supply. They quickly entered our existence and hold their positions well. Household pumping station provides
automatic maintenance of the necessary pressure in the water supply system by self-inclusion and shutdown as water flows. But malfunctions of these stations happen quite often. Some faults are due to the nature of the medium - water and electricity - fast corrosion metal parts. Submersible pumps, electric boilers and other equipment are also susceptible to this disease. If the parts of the station are damaged by corrosion, then they only need to be changed and, if possible, eliminate the cause, for example, check the grounding of the pumping station. Consider typical malfunctions and methods for their elimination

In the beginning, consider the device and principle of operation of a household pumping station.

Symbols in fig. 1-pressure line support, 2-cock, 3-check valve, 4-pressure switch, 5-water inlet (Silverjet does not have), 6-pressure line, 7-pump, 8- main filter, 9-suction line, 10-hydroaccumulation tank, 11-water, 12-check valve with a mesh, 13-cover closing the nipple, 14-hole for draining water.

The surface centrifugal electric pump consists of from single-phase induction motor and pump section. The electric motor consists of a finned housing, a stator, a rotor, a capacitor box and a fan closed with a protective casing. To protect the motor from overheating, a thermal relay is built into its stator winding. The pump part consists of a housing, an impeller and a built-in ejector. Pump housing,
depending on the model of the pumping station, it is made of cast iron, glass-polypropylene or stainless steel. The hydraulic accumulator consists of a steel tank and a replaceable membrane made of food-grade ethylene-propylene
rubber. The hydraulic accumulator has a nipple for pumping air into it under excess pressure. The pressure gauge serves to visually control the pressure in the water supply system, and the pressure switch determines the upper and lower pressure levels, upon reaching which the pump turns off and on.
The connection of the pumping station with the power supply network is carried out by means of a cable with plug with a grounding contact, and sockets with a grounding contact. After installing and turning on the pumping station, water fills the accumulator and the plumbing system. When the water pressure in the system reaches the upper limit of the pressure switch setting, the electric pump turns off. When you open a water tap, at the first moment of time, water is consumed from the accumulator. As the water flows, the pressure in the system drops to the lower limit of the pressure switch setting, after which the electric pump is turned on again. Water enters the consumer and simultaneously fills the accumulator. When the water pressure reaches the upper limit of the pressure switch, the electric pump will turn off again. The cycles of turning the pump on and off are repeated as long as water is being parsed from the system.
For the correct pumping station operation it is necessary to use a non-return valve on the suction line with strainer coarse cleaning water.

Recommendations for the installation of a pumping station. On the suction line, use plastic pipes of a certain rigidity, metal pipes or hoses reinforced for vacuum (not to be confused with reinforced for pressure) in order to prevent their vacuum compression during suction.
8.1.2. If plastic pipes or hoses are used, avoid bending or twisting.
8.1.3. Seal all pipe connections well (air leakage adversely affects the operation of the pumping station).
8.1.4. For convenience when servicing the pumping station, it is recommended to use quick couplings (for example,
"American").
8.1.5. The suction pipe must have a non-return valve with a mesh at the end (fig. pos.12) when sucking from a well, and also, if small mechanical particles can enter, a main filter in front of the pumping station (fig. pos.8).
8.1.6. The end of the suction pipe must be lowered into the water to a depth of more than 30 cm from the minimum water level. It is also necessary that the distance between the end of the suction pipe and the bottom of the tank is greater than 20 cm.
8.1.7. It is recommended to install a non-return valve (Fig. 1, pos. 3) on the outlet pipe from the pump to prevent water hammer at the moments when the pump is turned on / off, and a valve (Fig. 1, pos. 2), the setting of which is described in paragraph 12, b. For the Silverjet, provide for the possibility of filling the pump with water, since there is no filler hole.
8.1.8. Fix the pumping station in a fixed position.
8.1.9. Avoid a large number bends and taps in the system.
8.1.10. When sucking from a depth of more than 4 meters or if there is a horizontal section longer than 4 meters, use pipes with large diameter to improve the operation of the pumping station.
8.1.11. Protect the pumping station from running without water. If there is a risk of running the pumping station without water, contact your dealers for advice.
8.1.12. Ensure that water is drained from all points of the system if it is possible to freeze it in winter. To do this, provide for the presence of drain taps, paying attention to check valves that may be in the system and prevent water from draining.

Fixing the pump
9.1. The pump must be installed on level ground, close to the water source.
9.2. In the room (pit) where the pumping station is located, ventilation must be provided to reduce humidity and air temperature (max. air temperature 40°C).
9.3. Locate the pumping station keeping a minimum distance of 20cm from the walls to allow access to the pumping station during maintenance.
9.4. Use pipes of the correct diameter.
9.5. Mark holes for fastening the pumping station on the surface on which it will be installed. Drill holes for mounting the pump.
9.6. Check that the pipes are not under mechanical stress (bending), then tighten the fastening screws.

Read more about the selection and installation of a pumping station for autonomous water supply to a summer house or a private house.

Pumping station device

The main causes of malfunctions and repair of the pumping station

1. Engine is not runningNo power supply, blown fuse, impeller jammed.

Check Schema electrical connection pumping station. Clean the pump. Turn the fan impeller, if it does not spin, the engine is malfunctioning (jammed). Do not turn on the station until the cause is eliminated.

Check pressure switch contacts. Check capacitor.

Before proceeding with the repair of the pump, it is necessary to drain the remaining water from it and disconnect all connected devices: expansion tank, pressure switch, pressure gauge and others.

A diffuser and a guide are installed in the housing, interconnected.

If the cause of the malfunction of the hydrophore is the breakdown of these parts, then you just need to replace them with new ones and assemble the hydrophore in the reverse order.

If the cause is not in them, then it is necessary to look for a malfunction in another part of the pump.

The back of the pump consists of the electric motor itself, on the shaft of which the impeller is installed - the main mechanism that allows the pump to pump water. The engine is attached to the console, and a special ceramic seal prevents water from leaking through the shaft. After you remove the impeller, you will have access to the stuffing box.

2. The engine is running, the station does not pump water
There is no water in the station pump. Air has entered the suction pipe. The suction or delivery line is clogged. The station is running dry.

Check the position of the water level. Eliminate all leaks in the pipeline. Clean suction pipe. With a long horizontal pipeline, an air pocket may form in the middle of the pipe. It is necessary to fill the entire pipeline with water (possibly under pressure) to eliminate the air lock. To exclude this, the horizontal section of the pipe must always be with a slight slope towards the water intake. Eliminate the causes of dry running

3. insufficient water supply
Air is trapped (for example, the level in the well has fallen below the intake pipe), the pump or pipelines are clogged. Air in the suction pipe.

Clean pump and pipes. Eliminate leaks. Even a small air leak leads to the inoperability of the station.

It is possible that a crack appeared on the details of the inlet pipeline structure (corners, American) as a result of corrosion. Replace damaged fittings.

4. The station turns on and off too often
Membrane expansion tank damaged. Lack of compressed air in expansion tank or low pressure. The check valve is open due to blockage by a foreign object.

Replace membrane or expansion tank. Again, due to corrosion, cracks may appear in the tank body. Pump air into the expansion tank and check the pressure with a pressure gauge. Unblock check valve.

5. The station does not create a nominal pressure
Pressure switch set too low. Impeller or supply line blocked. Air entering the suction pipe.

Adjust pressure switch. How to adjust is described below. The inlet of the pressure switch may be clogged - clean it.
Switch off the power, dismantle and clean the pump or supply pipe. Check the tightness of the connections on the suction pipe. Check that there are no bends or
reverse corners.

6. The station works without shutting down
Pressure switch set too high.

Adjust pressure switch.

If you are interested in repairing a pump such as Baby, Aquarius, Brook, Neptune, Chestnut - a detailed description.

Pressure regulation

If the adjustment is incorrect, the pump will not turn on or will work without turning off. Therefore, without urgent need, you should not change the settings of the pressure switch. The case of "incorrect operation" of the pumping station due to self-incorrect adjustment of the pressure switch is not covered by the warranty! And also the product is removed from the warranty if the components of the pumping station are out of order due to incorrect self-adjustment of pressure. If it is necessary to change the pressure in plumbing system, you can change its limit levels by adjusting the pressure switch.

Before changing the switching pressure of the pumping station (lower value of the working pressure), it is necessary to adjust the air pressure in the accumulator. Before this, it is necessary to disconnect the pumping station from the mains and drain all the water from the accumulator. The air pressure in the accumulator is adjusted through the nipple by an automobile pump with a pressure gauge or a compressor. The air pressure in the accumulator must correspond to 90%..100% of the required switching pressure of the pumping station.

The pressure switch of the pumping station is set to operate the system in the operating pressure range of 1.5 ... 3 atm. To change the pressure on or off the pumping station, remove the cover of the pressure switch by unscrewing the plastic screw and change the tightening force of the corresponding relay springs. Adjustment of the pump activation pressure (lower value of the working pressure) is carried out by turning the nut P. To increase the activation pressure, it must be turned clockwise, to decrease - counterclockwise. Adjustment of the range between the lower and upper values ​​of the working pressure is carried out by turning the nut ΔР. To expand this range, it must be turned clockwise, to narrow it - counterclockwise. Pressure control is carried out on the pressure gauge of the pumping station.
ATTENTION!
When adjusting the pressure switch, the upper value of the operating pressure of the system should not exceed 95% of the maximum possible pressure at the outlet of the pumping station, specified in the technical specifications. AT
Otherwise, the electric pump will work without shutting down, which will lead to its early failure.

Also note that hydraulic accumulator pumping station requires periodic maintenance. The water always contains a small part of the dissolved air, and this air gradually reduces the useful volume of the pear (rubber membrane) in the accumulator. On hydraulic accumulators large capacity as a rule, there are special valves for venting this air, in small hydroaccumulators with which household pumping stations are usually equipped, there are no such valves, and to remove air from the membrane, a simple operation must be performed every couple of months.

1. It is necessary to de-energize the pump and drain all the water from the accumulator, it is best of course to provide a special faucet for this, well, or use the tap closest to the accumulator.

2. The procedure from paragraph 1 must be done 2-3 times in a row.

And please do not confuse the hydraulic accumulator and storage capacity for water, these are different devices, the accumulator is designed to reduce the number of pump starts, and as a result, increase its service life, as well as to protect against water hammer, when the electricity is turned off, the accumulator will certainly supply you with water for some time, but I would did not count. In case of a power outage or breakdown of the water supply, a storage tank is needed.

How to set up a pumping station pressure switch.

Hydrophore pressure adjustment

The air pressure must be determined with an empty tank and the station disconnected from the mains!

A pear-shaped rubber diaphragm is installed in the expansion tank, into which the pump pumps water. There is pressurized air between the diaphragm and the metal body of the tank. To determine the pressure, as well as to pump or bleed air, a special valve (nipple) is provided at the rear of the tank. The air pressure in the tank is measured using a pressure gauge designed to measure the pressure in automobile tires. If necessary, air is pumped with a car pump.

For tanks with a volume of 20-25 liters, the air pressure should be 1.4 - 1.7 bar, and 1.7 - 1.9 bar for tanks with a capacity of 50 - 100 liters.

There must always be air in the tank. Its pressure must be checked periodically (once a month) and maintained at the recommended values, which will positively affect the service life of the rubber diaphragm and the comfort of using the pumping station as a whole.

2) Determining and adjusting the switching on and off pressure of the pumping station

After adjusting the air pressure, the pumping station must be connected to the network. The pump will begin to pump water into the tank and turn off when it reaches set pressure. This will be the “upper” pressure and its value will be displayed on the pressure gauge. If this value differs from the recommended value, then adjust it using the relay bolt No. 2 (see Fig.).

Similarly, the "lower" pressure is measured. After opening the tap and starting to drain the water, watch the pressure gauge. The pressure will gradually drop and when the lower limit is reached, the pump will turn on again. The pressure value on the pressure gauge at the moment the pump is turned on will be the “lower” pressure. If necessary, adjust it to the recommended parameters using the relay bolt No. 1 (see figure).

It is important to know that the pump start pressure must be 10% higher than the air pressure in the tank! Failure to do so may result in accelerated wear of the rubber diaphragm.

You can set on the relay and other, different from the recommended, values ​​​​of the on and off pressure, thereby setting the pumping station to your own comfort level. By increasing the difference between "upper" and "lower" pressure, you can extend the life of the pump due to its less frequent inclusions. However, the pressure in the system will be uneven. By reducing the difference between "upper" and "lower" pressure, the pump will turn on more often, but at the same time the pressure in the system will be constantly even and comfortable.

When setting up the pressure switch, it is also important to remember that the accumulator, plumbing, rubber hoses and the mechanics of the relay itself have their own pressure limits that should not be exceeded.

Relay electrical connection

Sincerely, Zhlobin online store M arcade".

The pressure switch for the pump controls the operation of the entire station. After all, it is the relay that turns on the pump when the pressure in the accumulator drops (and turns it off when the pressure rises to a critical point). As a result, even a small failure in the operation of the relay affects the functionality of the entire system. autonomous water supply.

However, any malfunction of the relay can be eliminated with a simple adjustment. And in this article we will analyze both the adjustment process and the procedure for connecting and initial setting the pressure switch.

The pumping station consists of a hydraulic accumulator (sealed water storage), a unit (centrifugal or vibration pump) and a pressure switch regulating the operation of these units.

Moreover, the principle of operation of the relay is determined by the operation scheme of the station itself, which is as follows: turning on the pump - filling the accumulator - turning off the pump. Well, when you need to turn the pump on and off, it is the pressure switch that determines.

Moreover, the process of making a decision to turn on or off the unit is based on monitoring the following values: the minimum and maximum pressure in the accumulator. In addition, the operation of the relay is also affected by such characteristics as the difference between the minimum and maximum pressure and the maximum allowable pressure in the accumulator.

The first value is minimum pressure, as a rule, is equal to 1.5 atmospheres. That is, when the pressure in the accumulator drops below the indicated 1.5 atmospheres, the pump will be activated (by closing the contacts in the pressure switch).

The second value - the maximum pressure, as a rule, does not exceed 4 atmospheres. That is, when the pressure in the accumulator rises to 4 atmospheres, the pump is disconnected from the power supply (by opening the relay contacts).

Accordingly, the difference between the minimum and maximum pressure (at the factory setting of the relay) is 2.5 atmospheres. Moreover, when adjusting the pressure, they operate precisely with this characteristic, setting the desired difference from the minimum indicator.

The maximum allowable pressure in the accumulator is 5 atmospheres. That is, if the pressure in the accumulator reaches five atmospheres, then the pump will turn off in any case (at any value of the pressure difference).

Primary adjustment of the water pressure switch

The initial adjustment of the relay is carried out at the factory of the company that produces pumping stations. That is why all the "default settings" (1.5 atmospheres of minimum pressure and 2.5 atmospheres of difference) are called "factory".

However, the connection of the pressure switch to the pump (with the introduction of factory settings) is carried out on last step station assembly. And the sale of the unit will not take place soon. And over the past months from the moment of manufacture to the moment of sale, the springs and membranes of the relay and drive can weaken.

Therefore, for a newly purchased pump, it is worth checking the pressure in the accumulator and the minimum and maximum pressure indicators set at the factory.

Well, the drive itself is checked as follows:

• A pressure gauge is connected to the nipple of the accumulator or tank. Moreover, in this case, you can use a conventional automotive device with which to check tire pressure.
• The arrow on the pressure gauge will indicate the air pressure behind the membrane of the empty accumulator. And this value cannot be less or more than 1.2-1.5 atmospheres.

If the gauge shows greater value, then the air is “bled” from the tank, but if it is less, then the tank is “pumped up” with a car pump. Indeed, the “starting” indicator of the relay (minimum pressure) will depend on the level of pressure behind the membrane.

After checking the pressure in the hydraulic tank or accumulator is completed, you can start inspecting the pressure switch, during which the actual values ​​​​of the minimum and maximum pressure are compared with the values ​​​​set on the control unit.

Moreover, this operation is carried out very simply, namely:

• A pressure gauge is attached to the collector mounted on the neck of the tank or accumulator.
• Next, turn off the pump and empty the drive (by opening the tap). The pressure on the pressure gauge should drop to 1.5 atmospheres.
• After that, close the valve and turn on the pump. The pump should raise the pressure in the tank to the maximum value and turn off. After turning off the pump, you need to compare the pressure on the pressure gauge with the factory indicators declared in the passport.

If a actual values on the pressure gauge do not match those declared in the passport, or the factory settings do not meet the needs of the consumer, then in this case, an individual setting of the relay is necessary. We will discuss the nuances of the individual setup process below in the text.

How to set up a pressure switch for individual needs

Individual adjustment or reconfiguration of the relay operation after a failure is carried out as follows:

• At the very beginning, you need to open the relay case by disconnecting the protective cover from the base. After all, it is under the casing that the contacts of the electric motor and the adjusting relay nodes are “hidden”: a stud with a large nut holding a large spring and a stud with a small nut holding a small spring. At the same time, the minimum pressure is regulated by the tension of the large spring, and the pressure difference is regulated by the small spring.
• The adjustment of the “starting” (minimum) pressure is started on an empty accumulator. Moreover, to release the accumulator from the liquid, it is enough just to turn off the pump and open the tap. The adjustment itself is carried out as follows: the large spring is completely weakened (the nut is unscrewed counterclockwise), then the pump should be turned on and the spring should be gradually tightened. At the moment when the pump starts to work and starts pumping water, manipulations with the large nut are stopped - the minimum pressure has reached the pressure mark in the air part of the accumulator plus 0.2-0.3 atmospheres. And if there are 1.2-1.3 atmospheres behind the accumulator membrane, then the minimum pressure in the tank will approach the desired 1.5 atmospheres. Well, who wants more - he must, at the beginning of the adjustment, “add” pressure in the accumulator (by pumping air over the membrane).
• Adjusting the pressure difference is even easier. You just need to wait for the pump to stop and read the indicator from the pressure gauge on the accumulator manifold. If the result is not satisfactory, then the pump is turned off, the water drains, and a small nut is screwed (to increase pressure) or unscrewed (to decrease pressure) onto a stud with a small spring. After that, the pump is turned on and the “new” upper pressure obtained after adjustment is read.

The adjustment of the automation of the pumping station is initially carried out by the manufacturer on a certain amount pressure when turning on and off the equipment. Typically these factory settings are between 1.5 and 1.8 bar when turned on and between 2.3 and 3 bar when turned off.
But there are situations when additional pressure adjustment on the equipment is necessary during operation. How to adjust the pumping station is invited to learn from this article.

Pressure switch device for a pumping station

Before you start adjusting the pressure switch, you need to familiarize yourself with its device and the principle of operation.

The photo shows the design of the device.
Its main elements:

• 1 and 2 are spring adjusters.
• 3 - the base of the device.
• 4 - a nut that fixes the relay to the adapter and the membrane cover.
• 5 - block with terminals for connecting the 220V network, the pump itself and its grounding.

A membrane cover is attached to the metal base from below, under which there is a membrane and a piston with a quick-release nut pos. 4. On top there is a contact group, terminal blocks and two spring adjusters of different sizes.
All elements are closed from above by a plastic cover attached to the screw of the large regulator and which, depending on the model, can be easily removed with a screwdriver or wrench.
Different models of products, the price of which does not fluctuate greatly, may differ in size, shape, arrangement of the constituent elements, but most of them have the above-described design. Some of the products include additional elements, such as a lever that includes protection against "dry running".

How a relay works

The relay works like this:

• Under the action of the pressure of the liquid supplied from the pump, the membrane begins to put pressure on the piston.
• It activates the contact group, which is mounted on a metal platform with two hinges.
• Contacts for connecting voltage 220V and the pump, depending on the position, can be open or closed, which corresponds to turning the pump off and on.
• When the contact group of the large regulator spring acts on the platform, the piston pressure is balanced.
• If the pressure begins to weaken, under the action of the spring, the platform begins to fall and the contacts close, which turns on the pump (see).
• The spring of the small regulator also acts against the water pressure, but it is located farther from the platform hinge and does not immediately enter into operation, but after the platform with the contacts can rise to a certain height.
• A small hinge with a spring is responsible for actuating the electrical section of the relay, for closing and opening its contacts.

• The design of the relay is designed so that the hinge and the platform cannot be located in the same plane.
• When the platform is raised above the hinge, the contacts jump down, and when lowered below its plane, the elements immediately snap upwards.
• The location of the plane of this hinge is slightly higher than the base of the spring of the small regulator, allows the platform to rise without opening the contacts to this level, and when it is reached, under the action of the springs of these two regulators, the contacts will open and the pump will turn off.
• At the same time, the large spring regulator is thus responsible for the moment the unit is turned on or for the “lower” pressure (P), and the smaller one is responsible for the difference in pressures off and on (∆P).
• When the spring of the large regulator is compressed, which is done by turning the nut clockwise, it acts with greater force on the platform of the contact group, which causes an increase in the “lower” pressure.
  If in this case you do not change the degree of compression of the spring of the smaller regulator, the "upper" pressure or shutdown will also increase, to the same value. In this case, ∆P will remain unchanged.
• When the spring of the smaller regulator is compressed, the "upper" pressure will increase, while the "lower" pressure will not change, which will lead to an increase in ∆P.
• With a corresponding weakening of the springs, these figures will decrease.
• Pressure switch adjustment pumping equipment based on this principle.

How is the pressure switch regulated independently

Before adjusting the automation, it is necessary to prepare a screwdriver or wrench to remove the relay cover and wrench to tighten or loosen the nut adjusters.
After that, the manual for doing the work with your own hands is as follows:

• Disconnected from voltage by the pressure switch.
• Filmed plastic cover relay and it is adjusted depending on its purpose:

1. increase in pressure;
2. downgrade;
3. change in the range of operation of the equipment.

• Under the cover are mounted two spring regulators responsible for the lower and upper pressure.

To increase or decrease the pressure in the network, you must:

• Just screw or unscrew the nut on the larger regulator.
• After changing the setting, the lid closes.
• The voltage is turned on.
• The valve opens and the pressure gauge built into the pumping station determines the pressure at which the pump turns on or “lower”.
• The valve closes and the “upper” pressure is checked on the pressure gauge when the pump is turned off.

Tip: If the pressure is satisfactory, the adjustment is considered complete. If not, everything repeats again.

How to change the range of the relay

If the "lower" pressure is normal, but you only need to increase or decrease the "upper" pressure, you need to use a smaller regulator.
Wherein:

• Tightening the nut for this regulator clockwise will increase the "upper" pressure, while the "lower" pressure remains unchanged.
• Unscrewing is the opposite: in this case, the difference between them will decrease or increase - ∆P.
• After changing the adjustment, the power is turned on and the moment is noticed on the pressure gauge when the pump is turned off - the “upper” pressure.
• With satisfactory results, the adjustment can be stopped at this point, if not, the process is repeated until the desired result is obtained.

Tip: It must be taken into account that an increase in ∆P allows the pump to turn on less often, but in this case more noticeable pressure drops will occur in the water supply network, and if it is reduced, on the contrary, it will equalize it in the system, but the pump will turn on more often, which will lead to to reduce its service life.

If both the “lower” pressure and the range of operation of the relay do not suit you, you must first adjust with a large regulator, and then with a smaller one, while the whole process is controlled by the station pressure gauge.

What is taken into account when making adjustments

When adjusting the operation of the equipment relay on your own, it is necessary to take into account such important points:

• It is impossible to set the "upper" pressure, which is more than 80% of the maximum for the product, on this model. As a rule, it is indicated on the packaging or in the instructions, and ranges from 5 to 5.5 bar.
  To set a higher level in the system of a private house, it is necessary to select a relay with a higher maximum pressure.
• Before increasing the pressure to turn on the pump, it is necessary to get acquainted with its characteristics, whether it can develop such pressure. Otherwise, if it cannot be created, the unit will not turn off, and the relay will not be able to turn it off, because the set limit cannot be reached.
  The pump head is measured in meters of water column: 1 m of water. Art. = 0.1 bar. In addition, it takes into account hydraulic losses throughout the system.
• It is impossible to tighten the nuts of the regulators to failure during regulation, otherwise the relay may completely stop working.

Influence of air pressure in the tank

The normal operation of the equipment depends on the amount of air pressure in the accumulator (see) of the equipment, but it has nothing to do with the adjustment of the relay. In any case, it will start to work at a certain “lower” and “upper” pressure, regardless of its presence in the tank.
In the absence of air in the membrane tank, it can only lead to complete filling with water and the pressure in the system will begin to rise instantly to the “upper” one and the pump will immediately turn off after the fluid intake stops. Each time the tap is opened, the pump turns on, it will immediately fall to the "lower" limit.
In the absence of a hydraulic accumulator, the relay will still work. Reduced air pressure leads to a strong stretching of the membrane, and increased air pressure leads to insufficient filling of the tank with water. In this case, excess air pressure will displace the liquid.
For normal operation pumping station and a long service life of the membrane, it is necessary that the air pressure be 10% less than the “lower” one set during the adjustment. Then the accumulator will be normally filled with water, and the membrane will not stretch too much, which means it will last for a long time. In this case, the pump will turn on at intervals corresponding to the ∆P adjusted in the relay.
In addition, it is necessary to check the air pressure in the tank of the pumping station in the absence of liquid pressure in it. In this case, you need to open the tap located in the system below everything and drain all the water.
The details of adjusting the pressure switch are well shown in the video in this article.

Tip: When setting up the pressure switch, you need to remember that the accumulator or tank, plumbing, all hoses and relay mechanics have their own pressure limits that cannot be exceeded.

When organizing a water supply system at home, not only a pump is needed, but also automation to ensure its operation. One of the necessary devices is a water pressure switch. This small device turns on the pump when the pressure in the system drops and turns it off when the threshold is reached. The value of the on and off parameters can be adjusted. About how this device is arranged, how to connect it and how to regulate it - in the article.

Purpose and device

In order to maintain a constant pressure in the water supply system of a private house, two devices are needed - a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. Both of these devices are connected to the pump through the pipeline - the pressure switch is located in the middle between the pump and the accumulator. Most often it is located in the immediate vicinity of this tank, but some models can be installed on the pump housing (even submersible). Let's understand the purpose of these devices and how the system works.

A hydraulic accumulator is a container divided by an elastic pear or membrane into two halves. In one, air is under some pressure, in the second, water is pumped. The water pressure in the accumulator and the amount of water that can be pumped there is regulated by the amount of air pumped. The more air, the higher the pressure maintained in the system. But at the same time, less water can be pumped into the tank. Usually it is possible to pump no more than half of the volume into the container. That is, it will be possible to pump no more than 40-50 liters into a hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 100 liters.

For normal operation of household appliances, a range of 1.4 atm - 2.8 atm is required. To support such a framework, a pressure switch is required. It has two operation limits - upper and lower. When the lower limit is reached, the relay starts the pump, it pumps water into the accumulator, and the pressure in it (and in the system) increases. When the pressure in the system reaches the upper limit, the relay turns off the pump.

In a circuit with a hydroaccumulator, for some time water is consumed from the tank. When enough flows out so that the pressure drops to the lower threshold, the pump will turn on. That's how this system works.

Pressure switch device

This device consists of two parts - electrical and hydraulic. The electrical part is a group of contacts that closes and opens on / off the pump. The hydraulic part is a membrane that exerts pressure on the metal base and springs (large and small) with which the pressure on / off the pump can be changed.

The hydraulic outlet is located on the back of the relay. It could be the release external thread or with a nut like an American. The second option is more convenient during installation - in the first case, you either need to look for an adapter with a union nut right size or twist the device itself, winding it onto the thread, and this is not always possible.

The electrical inputs are also located on the back of the case, and the terminal block itself, where the wires are connected, is hidden under the cover.

Species and varieties

There are two types of water pressure switches: mechanical and electronic. Mechanical ones are much cheaper and usually prefer them, while electronic ones are mostly brought to order.

The difference in prices in different stores is more than significant. Although, as usual, when buying cheap copies, there is a risk of running into a fake.

Connecting the water pressure switch

The water pressure switch for the pump is connected immediately to two systems: to electricity and plumbing. It is installed permanently, since there is no need to move the device.

Electrical part

To connect a pressure switch, a dedicated line is not required, but desirable - there are more chances that the device will work longer. A cable with a solid copper core with a cross section of at least 2.5 square meters should go from the shield. mm. It is desirable to install a bunch of automatic + RCD or difavtomat. The parameters are selected according to the current and depend more on the characteristics of the pump, since the water pressure switch consumes very little current. The circuit must have grounding - the combination of water and electricity creates a zone of increased danger.

Scheme of connecting the water pressure switch to

Cables are brought into special inputs on the back side of the case. There is a terminal block under the cover. It has three pairs of contacts:

• grounding - the corresponding conductors coming from the shield and from the pump are connected;
• terminals line or "line" - for connecting the phase and neutral wires from the shield;
• terminals for similar wires from the pump (usually on the block located above).

The connection is standard - the conductors are stripped of insulation, inserted into the connector, tightened with a clamping bolt. Pulling on the conductor, check whether it is securely clamped. After 30-60 minutes the bolts can be tightened as copper is a soft material and the contact may loosen.

Pipe connection

There is different ways connecting the water pressure switch to the plumbing system. The most convenient option is to install a special adapter with all the required outputs - a five-pin fitting. The same system can be assembled from other fittings, just a ready-made version is always better to use.

It is screwed onto a pipe on the back of the case, a hydraulic accumulator is connected to the other outlets, a supply hose from the pump and a line that goes into the house. You can also install a mud sump and a pressure gauge.

A pressure gauge is a necessary thing - to control the pressure in the system, monitor the settings of the relay. Mudguard - too desired device, but it can be installed separately on the pipeline from the pump. There, in general, a whole is desirable

With such a scheme, at a high flow rate, water is supplied directly to the system - bypassing the accumulator. It begins to fill up after all the taps in the house are closed.

Water pressure switch adjustment

Consider the process of adjusting the most popular instance - RDM-5. It is produced by different factories. Adjustment limits vary, as different sizes of water pipes require different pressures. This device leaves the factory with a basic setting. Usually it is 1.4-1.5 atm - the lower threshold and 2.8-2.9 atm - the upper threshold. If some parameter does not suit you, you can reconfigure it as required. Such a procedure is usually necessary when installing a hot tub: a standard pressure of 2.5-2.9 atm is not enough for the desired effect. In most other cases, reconfiguration is not required.

The RDM-5 water pressure switch has two springs that regulate the pump off / on threshold. These springs differ in size and purpose:

• large regulates the limits (immediately upper and lower);
• small changes the delta - the gap between the upper and lower bounds.

The parameters are changed when tightening or loosening the nuts on the springs. If the nuts are tightened, the pressure increases, if loosened, it decreases. There is no need to turn the nuts strongly one turn - this is a change of about 0.6-0.8 atm, and this is usually a lot.

How to determine relay thresholds

The threshold for turning on the pump (and the lower pressure threshold on the water pressure switch) are related to the pressure in the air part of the accumulator - the minimum pressure in the system should be 0.1-0.2 atm higher. For example, if the pressure in the tank is 1.4 atm, the shutdown threshold is 1.6 atm. With these parameters, the tank membrane will last longer. But in order for the pump to work under normal conditions, look at its characteristics. It also has a lower pressure threshold. So, it should not be higher than the selected value (below or equal). Based on these three parameters, you select the switching threshold.

By the way, the pressure in the accumulator must be checked before setting - there are significant deviations from the declared parameters. Under the removable cover (in different models looks and is located in different places) the nipple is hidden. Through it, you can connect a pressure gauge (you can use a car or the one you have) and see the actual pressure. By the way, it can be adjusted through the same nipple - raised or lowered if necessary.

The upper threshold - pump shutdown - is set automatically during adjustment. The relay in the initial state is set to some kind of pressure difference (delta). This difference is usually 1.4-1.6 atm. So if you set the inclusion, for example, to 1.6 atm, the shutdown threshold will be automatically set to 3.0-3.2 atm (depending on the relay settings). If you need a higher pressure (to raise water to the second floor, for example, or the system has many draw-off points), you can increase the shutdown threshold. But there are limitations:

• The parameters of the relay itself. The upper limit is fixed and in household models usually does not exceed 4 atm. It just won't work anymore.
• The upper limit of the pump pressure. This parameter is also fixed and the pump must be turned off at least 0.2-0.4 atm before the declared characteristic. For example, the upper pressure threshold of the pump is 3.8 atm, the shutdown threshold on the water pressure switch should not be higher than 3.6 atm. But in order for the pump to work for a long time and without overloads, it is better to make a larger difference - overloads have a too bad effect on the life of the pump.

That's all for choosing the settings of the water pressure switch. In practice, when setting up the system, you have to adjust the selected parameters in one direction or another, because you need to choose everything so that all draw-off points work normally, including household appliances. Therefore, it is often said that the parameters are chosen by the “scientific poke” method.

Setting the water pressure switch for a pump or pumping station

To set up the system, you will need a reliable pressure gauge, the readings of which can be trusted. It is connected to the system near the pressure switch.

The adjustment process consists in twisting two springs: large and small. If you need to raise or lower the lower threshold (turn on the pump), turn the nut on the large spring. If you turn it clockwise, the pressure rises, counter-clockwise - it falls. Turn by a very small value - half a turn or so.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

• The system is started, the pressure gauge monitors at what pressure the pump turned on and turned off.
• Press or release the large spring.
• They turn on and check the parameters (at what pressure it turned on, at what pressure it turned off). Both values ​​are shifted by the same amount.
• If necessary, make adjustments (adjust the large spring again).
• After the lower threshold is set as you want to see it, proceed to adjust the pump shutdown threshold. To do this, press or lower a small spring. Do not turn the nut on it too much - half a turn is usually enough.
• Turn the system back on and look at the results. If everything suits, they stop there.

What else do you need to know about adjusting the water pressure switch? That not all models have the ability to change the delta, so look carefully when buying. There is a pressure switch for the pump in a moisture- and dust-proof housing. They can be placed in a pit, some models can be installed directly on the pump housing if it has such an outlet.

In some water pressure switches there is also an idle (dry) relay, in general this device is in a separate case, but there are also combined ones. Idling protection is necessary so that the pump does not break if suddenly there is no water in the well or well. Some pumps have built-in protection of this type, for others they buy and install relays separately.

Adjusting the pressure switch of the pumping station is a key step in setting up autonomous system country house water supply.

This operation is not particularly difficult, but in order to perform it correctly, you need to know a few rules, which we will discuss later.

Consider, also, the most common errors that may occur during adjustment.

• 1 Design
• 2 Preparing the storage tank
• 3 Setting the pressure switch of the pumping station
• 4 Setting up from scratch
• 5 Common Mistakes
  • 5.1 Small spring overstretched
  • 5.2 Pressure Poff is more than 80% of the maximum allowable for this relay model
  • 5.3 The pressure Pon is set so high (large spring is overtightened) that the pump cannot overcome it and "get" to the working range
• 6 Features of relays from some manufacturers
• 7 Related videos

Design

The pressure switch of the pumping station is an electronic-mechanical device that starts and stops the pump at certain pressure values ​​in the water supply network.

Produced by various manufacturers relays are structurally very similar, the differences, as a rule, are minor details. The pump is powered on or off by closing and opening the contact group - the main element of the relay.

In addition to it, the device includes a piston with a membrane and two springs, which in most cases have different sizes.

After connecting the relay to a special adapter of the pumping station, the water pressure begins to act on the membrane, and that on the piston, which is connected to the contact group.

FROM opposite side a large spring acts on the contact group, the compression force of which can be adjusted using the appropriate nut.

If, due to water intake, the pressure in the water supply system drops, the spring overcomes the effect of the piston and the contact group closes, supplying power to the pump.

With increasing pressure in the pipeline, the piston will gradually displace the platform with contacts, overcoming the resistance of the spring. But the contacts do not open immediately, but only after moving a certain distance, which depends on the degree of compression of the second - small - spring. Like the big one, it is planted on a stem with a nut. After opening the contacts, the pump is switched off.

The device of a typical pressure switch of a pumping station

Thus, by adjusting the compression force of the larger spring, the user sets the pump on pressure or, as it is also called, the lower pressure - Pon. To set the cut-off (upper) pressure - Poff - a small spring is used, the compression force of which actually determines the difference between Poff and Pon.

At the stage of pre-sales preparation, the manufacturer configures the relay. Pon is usually set in the range of 1.5 - 1.8 atm (or bar, which is the same thing), Poff - in the range from 2.5 to 3 atm. If the settings are not suitable for the user or they have gone astray, they resort to adjusting the relay.

However, before doing this, you need to prepare a storage tank.

To organize an independent water supply in the presence of a well, it is necessary to connect a pumping station. Pumping station for a well - varieties and features, the principle of operation of the device.

What drainage pump and what are the advantages of float options, read here.

The caisson is a device that promotes uninterrupted supply water. Here http://aquacomm.ru/vodosnabzenie/zagorodnyie-doma-v/avtonomnoe-vodosnabzhenie/istochniki/kesson.html you will learn what types of caissons are and how to install them on a well with your own hands.

Storage tank preparation

A storage tank or hydraulic accumulator is a sealed container with a rubber bulb located inside.

The latter is connected to the water supply, as a result of which it can be filled with water. Air is pumped into the space between the pear and the walls of the tank using a conventional automobile pump.

This air spring compresses the pear with water and for some time maintains the pressure in the water supply network at an acceptable level without turning on the pump.

The air pressure in the accumulator must be selected correctly, otherwise the system will not work optimally.

If it is too low or high, the pump will turn on very often, which will adversely affect its service life.

In addition, at low air pressure, the accumulator pear stretches excessively, as a result of which it also quickly fails.

Before pumping air, as well as before checking its pressure, water from pipelines must be drained by opening the lowest tap. At the same time, the pear of the storage tank will also be empty.

Now you can pump in air and check its pressure. It must be 10% less than Pon. If the system has not yet been set up and you have not yet decided on the switching pressure, the pressure is developed to the following values:

• 1.4 - 1.7 atm with a hydraulic accumulator volume of 20 - 25 l;
• 1.7 - 1.9 atm with a volume of 50 - 100 liters.

The air pressure in the storage tank should be checked approximately once a month.

Do not leave the accumulator bulb without water for a long time. Its walls can stick together or dry out.

Setting the pressure switch of the pumping station

If the air pressure in the storage tank turned out to be correct and all filters in the system are cleared of blockages, you can start adjusting the water pressure switch for the pumping station. To do this, you must adhere to the following sequence of actions:

1. Having disconnected the pump from the mains, it is necessary to drain the water from the water supply through the lowest tap and remove the cover from the relay (for this you will need a regular screwdriver or a suitable wrench).
2. Now you should turn on the pump, thus starting filling the system with water.
3. When the pump turns off, record the pressure gauge reading. This will be the current value of Poff.
4. Now you need to slightly open the tap located at the highest point of the water supply or as far as possible from the pump (with a single-level system). As soon as the pressure in the network drops to a certain level, the pump will turn on again. At this point, it is necessary to record the readings of the pressure gauge again, thus determining the current value of Pon and the pressure difference to which the relay is set. At the same time, try to determine whether you are satisfied with the pressure with which the water was flowing at that moment. Recall that the test valve must be located above or farther than all the others, that is, at the point where the water pressure is the smallest.
5. If the pressure at the time of starting the pump seemed insufficient, the pressure Pon must be increased. To do this, the power to the installation is turned off again, after which the largest spring in the relay is pressed with the corresponding nut. If you think that the pressure can be reduced, loosen the spring.
6. Now you need to set up the pressure difference Poff and Pon, which you have already calculated. Its optimal value is 1.4 atm. If you get a lower result, then the water supply will be more uniform, but the pump will start more often, which will reduce its life. If the difference between Poff and Pon turned out to be more than 1.4 atm, then the installation will work in a more gentle mode, but the difference between the maximum and minimal pressure will be much more noticeable. To adjust this parameter, it is necessary to rotate the nut of the second - small - spring. By increasing the force of its compression, we increase the pressure difference and, accordingly, Poff. Weakening the spring will have the opposite effect.
7. After adjustment, it is necessary to check how correctly it was performed. The water supply is drained again, the pump is connected to the network and starts. Further, all actions are repeated in the same order.

Please note: the sensitivity of the second spring, which is responsible for adjusting the pressure difference, is greater than that of the first. Therefore, the force of its compression should be adjusted carefully by turning the nut a small angle.

Setting up from scratch

Sometimes you have to deal with a relay whose springs are completely weakened. In this case, do it like this:

1. Turning on the pump, the pressure in the network is pumped up to the level at which water from the most remote or highly located tap flows with an acceptable pressure. Suppose the pressure gauge showed 1.5 atm. After that, the pump must be turned off.
2. After disconnecting the station from the mains and removing the cover from the relay, tighten the large spring until the relay clicks, closing the contacts.
3. Having closed the relay, the pump is turned on and the pressure is adjusted to 2.9 atm (1.5 + 1.4).
4. Turning off the pump again and opening the relay, tighten the small spring until the contacts open.
5. Now the relay is set to Pon = 1.5 atm and Poff = 2.9 atm. It is necessary to close it with a lid and turn on the station in the mains.

Setting the pressure switch

Common Mistakes

Relay adjustment does not always go smoothly. Here are the most common situations:

Small spring overstretched

As a result, the cut-off pressure has exceeded the maximum head of the pump.

In this case, the pump simply will not turn off.

What needs to be done:

• apply power to the pump and start it;
• as soon as the pressure on the pressure gauge stops increasing, the station must be turned off;
• opening any of the taps, drain a small amount of water;
• after making sure that the equipment is completely disconnected from the mains, remove the cover from the relay and loosen the small spring until the contacts open with a characteristic click;

Now you can put the cover back on and turn on the pump.

Pressure Poff is more than 80% of the maximum allowable for this relay model

The relay of most pumping stations is designed for a pressure of 5 - 5.5 atm. This parameter is given in the product passport or on the packaging.

Consequently, the pressure Poff for such a device should not exceed 4–4.4 atm.

If this is not enough for a comfortable water supply, you will have to install a relay with a large limiting pressure.

The Pon pressure is set so high (large spring overstretched) that the pump cannot overcome it and "get" to the operating range

In this case, the station will not turn off again.

What needs to be done: before starting the adjustment, study the pump passport and find the maximum value of the pressure it develops. Usually it is indicated in meters of water column (m.w.st.). To convert it to atmospheres, the value given must be divided by 10.34. Under all conditions, Pon and Poff must be less than the maximum head the pump is capable of.

Features of relays from some manufacturers

Some relay models may have additional elements, which often confuse inexperienced owners of pumping stations.

The most typical are:

1. Dry run safety lever: most often found in expensive imported models that come with a complete set.
2. An additional spring that prevents spontaneous turning of the nuts on the adjusting springs: such a device can be observed in the RDM-5 relay installed at the pumping stations of the Russian company Gileks Jumbo.

The presence of these elements should not confuse you, perform the settings in accordance with the instructions provided.

Mention should also be made of the characteristics of Marina stations and Pedrollo (Italy). For the first, the maximum pressure for the relay is only 3.2 atm and the springs in it have to be tightened every six months. For the latter, there is a manufacturer's recommendation regarding the air pressure in the accumulator: it should be 0.2 atm less than the Pon pressure, which at standard settings is 1.4 atm.