What paint is used for Gorodets painting. Gorodets painting for beginner artists: the necessary tools and materials for drawing, as well as the steps for making flowers with detailed video tutorials

Gorodets painting is a traditional Russian art, which has its own characteristics, and is very interesting for children. It is known from the history of this type of painting that ordinary peasants used to do it, which gave a characteristic mixture of noble and simple-minded style.

The drawings were depicted mainly on a wooden base and were decorations for houses and household items. Today, Gorodets painting is adapted for children and adults, it can be depicted on a simple sheet of paper.

The colors that are used for this craft are very bright and cheerful. Gorodets painting and each of its elements is a symbol. So, the image of a horse with a lush mane and a long neck means wealth, firebirds - happiness, and bright flower buds - success in any endeavor. Therefore, each drawing carries its own symbolic meaning.

If we talk about the complexity of the technique, then it largely depends on the elements that will be present in the pattern. If you understand the secret of technology, then the drawing will turn out easily and quickly.

From this article you will learn

What to buy for lessons

The modern approach allows today to apply the technology of using Gorodets painting not only on wood, as it was originally, but also on an ordinary sheet of paper. In the school curriculum, children are introduced to the methods of depicting animals and patterns of Gorodets masters.

To conduct lessons for children, you need to purchase such necessary supplies.

• The material on which the drawing will be displayed. For children who are just starting to take their first steps in Gorodets painting, ideal option will be plain paper or cardboard (not glossy).

For those who have already acquired the skills of the image technique, you can use wooden blanks for work. It can be cutting boards, plates, etc.

• Dye. Her choice also largely depends on how much children are engaged in this skill. If you're a beginner, then it's fine. gouache paints. The most common sets of 12 can be used.
• Tassels. They need to be selected in different sizes. It is better if these are brushes made of natural pile.
• Varnish. If drawing by wooden surface, then after drying the drawing must be fixed clear varnish. It will protect the drawing from damage and prevent the colors from fading.

Image start

In order for the drawing to turn out really neat and beautiful the first time, it’s not enough to just desire and prepared materials. It is very important to learn the technique of applying the image. Here you need to understand how to hold the brush, how to lead, what movements to use to depict the details of the picture.

All Gorodets painting is done in three stages. The first thing to do is apply a background on which the drawing will be superimposed. Next, we perform the drawing in stages.

• Underpainting. Large color spots, which will subsequently serve as the basis for the image. These are big figures. For children, underpainting elements are very easy to come by.

They are applied in a thin layer, completely shaded. You need to sketch them very carefully so that there are no divorces, influxes or gaps. For a good result, it is better to paint with a flat, wide brush.

• Tkanevka. Brush number 2 is used. The essence of this stage is breaking the underpainting into parts and highlighting details.
• Animations. This is another technique in the Gorodets technique. Here, black and white paint comes to the rescue, with which the accents of the picture are highlighted. This stage is very difficult and requires concentration.

A lot of dots are applied to the underpainting and fabric with black and white paint, which give brightness and liveliness to the picture. It is important not to overdo it here, as a large amount of animation can ruin the drawing.

Gorodets painting will turn out very well if you learn how to hold the brush correctly. It should be perpendicular to the surface on which the pattern is applied.

In this case, the arm should be supported on the elbow and fixed by it, while the hand remains mobile and free. If it is difficult for a child to hold a hand in this position for a long time, then you can make support on the little finger. In this position, the hand is easier to draw smooth and regular lines.

The last thing in drawing Gorodets painting is to connect all the elements together in stages. Pictures should be bright and colorful.

This is the main feature of this trend in art. If the child has learned to draw elements well on paper, you can continue and offer to draw on a wooden base.

Composition features

Gorodets painting has its own characteristics in the placement of the main elements. To make the drawing organic, you need to think it over very well and make a sketch. Only then are the elements transferred to the base. For children, it is necessary to explain the basic compositional techniques of Gorodets painting.

In the center of the picture, one large element is necessarily performed. It can be one of the images:

• plant motif (flower);
• image of an animal (horse, bird).

Smaller pictures of flowers and leaves act as additional elements in the composition of the Gorodets painting. The composition ends with the design of the frame. She is also one of the decorations of the entire compositional range.

Gorodets painting requires the student to complete all the details in stages. He must understand that it will not be possible to quickly make such a drawing, since each of the stages is applied after the previous one has completely dried. Concentration and the desire to achieve a positive result - this is the main rule of an ideal drawing.

Gorodets painting is one of the traditional Russian folk crafts. This wonderful painting is difficult to confuse with another. The colors of the Gorodets painting are bright, juicy, cheerful, and everything in it is symbolic. Black horses with a steep neck and thin legs are a symbol of wealth, unprecedented birds are a symbol of happiness, and flowers are health and success in business. Let's try to draw the simplest pattern - flowers and buds. Here's one.

For this we need: brushes of different sizes, gouache or acrylic paints.

With a wide brush, we tint the circle under the "tree".

We mix white gouache with red and blue, we get shades of pink and blue. Hold the brush vertically. We draw circles, the so-called "underpainting"

With blue and red gouache we draw "underpaintings" of a smaller size, slightly going to the main circle.

We decorate our rosan with petals, draw arcs on the buds.

Now we proceed to the image of leaves and twigs. Applying with a brush, we make symmetrical leaf prints.

And finally, the most important thing. Our pattern needs to be revived. We take the thinnest brush and with a light touch we apply “animations” with white paint in the form of dots, arcs, droplets, strokes. Do not overdo it. The main thing here is to comply

knowing of limits.

As you can see, nothing complicated. Good luck everyone!

Whistle birds.

Decorative plates.

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Master class "Gorodets painting"

To familiarize older preschoolers with Gorodets painting, I painted a wooden board on my own (my eldest son helped me in sawing the board, which I used and will use in the future as visual material in teaching preschoolers the painting of Gorodets masters.

For work we need:

1. Wooden or plywood board the sizes you want.

2. Tempera or gouache paints, PVA glue (add to gouache)

After mixing with PVA, gouache becomes more durable, fits well on a canvas or other surface, does not crumble, and also holds volume. And all this - for many years

3. Large flat brush, round brushes No. 2, 1,.

4. Water, napkins, palette.

Here are the stages of my master class of Gorodets wood painting:

Step 1. We put various cutting boards or any other flat products on a sheet of thick plywood, trace them around the office with a pencil and cut out wooden blanks with a jigsaw. Our blank turned out in the form of an apple.

Step 2. Sanding sandpaper sawn blanks.

Step 3. We cover the product with plain paint

Step 4. We make sketches of Gorodets painting on sheets of paper - future patterns.

We translate our painting patterns onto wooden products through tracing paper.

I drew without tracing paper. Who is comfortable.

Step 5. Outline with gouache paint wooden product by office

Gorodets painting can be easily divided into three stages, since each of them has its own brushes and paints, and a break is needed after each, since the previous layer of paint must dry well.

And so we color the patterns of Gorodets painting in stages: first, we select the elements of a dark color.

Step 6. Draw a bird.

After preparing the surface of the product for painting, if a colored background is not expected. The main elements and colors of the future ornament are applied. This stage is called painting or underpainting, in different sources the names of the stages of Gorodets painting may differ.

For example, the second stage can also be called as shading, shading, or shading. It consists in the fact that a contrasting pattern is applied to color spots, most often with dark paint on a light background.

And the last stage: Reception of animation using white color

The third stage is revival or revival. When glare and small details are added to the ornament more often white color as if bringing the drawing to life.

second stage shading

And the third stage of recovery

Step 8. Draw the leaves and stems in green.

Step 9 Let dry completely.

Step 10. We cover our products with a colorless varnish. (I took parquet varnish, it dries for a long time, but it gives the product an unusual gloss.)

Here is such GORODETSKAYA BEAUTY I got! What do you wish!

Attached files:

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Painting the board with the Gorodets pattern. Activities with older preschoolers

PAINTING A BOARD WITH THE GORODETSK PATTERN DRAWING CLASS

TASKS: -To continue acquaintance with the Gorodets painting, its coloring, features. Learn to highlight the main elements of the pattern - Exercise in drawing Gorodets flowers - blue and Pink colour, in applying animation with a brush and a cotton swab -Learn to draw new elements of painting - daisies and roses -Reinforce the skills of mixing paints on the palette to get the desired color -Learn to independently choose elements for your pattern, select their color -Develop a sense of composition, the ability to beautifully arrange the pattern in a given shape

MATERIALS FOR THE LESSON -Products of the Gorodets masters -Samples of patterns and sequences of drawing “chamomile”, “kupavka”, and “rosan” -Sheets of tinted under light wood paper cut into the shape of kitchen boards.

Gouache - Soft brushes - Cotton buds

STUDY PROCESS

TEACHER:

Guys, today we will learn how to draw another flower from the Gorodets patterns - rosan. Find, please, cupavkas, chamomiles and roses on the products of the Gorodets craftsmen. Now look at the sequence in which the rose is drawn. 1. Mixing paints to get the right shade. 2. Drawing a large circle in the center of the shape 3. Marking the center of the bud by poking with a cotton swab dipped in dark red gouache. 4. Drawing to a large circle of arcs - petals with the end of a brush with a thin arc, painting over the contour. Petals-arcs of a smaller size are located near the center of the bud, as they move away from it, they increase, then decrease again. 5. When the drawing dries up, an animation is applied: thin arcs of dark red or white color are drawn along the edge of the petals with the end of a brush located vertically. in the center of the rose - a wider arc is drawn with a cotton swab or brush. After the center of the form is filled with a rosebud, the teacher invites the children to independently complete the composition on the proposed form with the help of already known pattern elements - cups. daisies, leaves

TOPIC "PAINTING A BOARD WITH A GORODETSK PATTERN"

Continue acquaintance with the Gorodets painting, its color, features.

Learn to highlight the main elements of the pattern.

Exercise in drawing Gorodets flowers - blue and pink cups, chamomile and roses, in applying animation with the tip of a brush.

Strengthen the skills of mixing paints on a palette to get the right color

Learn to revive flowers in white, blue and dark red with a brush and cotton buds - Learn to make a pattern on a strip, alternating cups and leaves - Develop artistic taste and cultivate love and interest in folk art.

MATERIALS:

Products of Gorodets craftsmen, samples of patterns and sequences of drawing “chamomile”, cupavka, and “rosan”, sheets of paper tinted under a light tree, cut out in the form of kitchen boards, gouache, soft brushes, cotton swabs

STUDY PROCEDURE:

Now close your eyes and imagine that you were given a brush and black paint. Paint everything around with black paint. What are you experiencing?

Now paint everything white. What color was the hardest to paint over? Would you like the world around you to be black and white?

That's right, you are surrounded by a beautiful, colorful world, beautiful things.

Children, who will tell me where beautiful, rare things are stored?

That's right, in the museum.

Guys, this morning when I came to work, I saw an envelope in my place. The address of our kindergarten is written on it and it is indicated “For children of group No. 7” from the director of the museum. Since the letter is addressed to all of you, I did not open it, I waited until we all gathered in a group. Want to see what's in this letter?

"Hello children! Museum staff are writing to you. We want to organize an exhibition of folk products in our museum. But for (children's answers: exposition) there is not enough (children's answers: exhibits). Can you help us? We send a sample. But it did not fit in the envelope, and it had to be cut. Hope you can collect it. »

TOPIC: "UKRAYESHKI AND FRAMES"

GOAL. Mastering the traditional Gorodets ornaments

ORGANIZATION OF THE LESSON. Children carefully examine the presented samples of ornaments and listen to the teacher's story about the features of their construction on the strip. It is worth recalling that the words ornament, decor and decoration are synonymous and that there is no ornament without the object that it decorates. Children are invited to find ornaments on various objects. It is necessary to tell the features of the construction of the ornament in the Gorodets painting, to recall the laws of symmetry.

PERFORMANCE OF THE TASK.

Sample reproduction exercise. Children continue the started ornament on the strip, copying the proposed option as accurately as possible

THEME: "HORDER CROW"

GOAL. Acquaintance with the traditional motif of the Gorodets painting - the "horse".

ORGANIZATION OF THE LESSON. You should consider with children stories in which there is an image of a horse. The majesty and grace of the horse are expressed in the smoothness and rhythm of the form, in which beauty and strength are organically balanced. Children examine and memorize the sequence of painting. There are several ways to draw - only one of them is shown here. The Gorodetsky horse is usually painted with black paint. First, an image is applied that looks like a large drop - this is the chest and neck, then an image of an inverted drop of a smaller size is induced - this is croup and hind leg Gorodetsky horse. After that, the legs, head are added and, at the final stage of working on the contour, the mane and tail are drawn. After that, they add the head and, at the final stage of working on the contour, draw the mane and tail. After that, they begin to revive, which consists in drawing a harness and a saddle. If the horse is without a rider, then the bridle is depicted tied to the front raised leg, and the harness on the chest is made in the shape of a flower.

PERFORMANCE OF THE TASK.

Children independently complete the symmetrical composition by inscribing the Gorodets horse on the right side of the panel.

THEME: "FAIRY PALACE"

Develop imagination when creating a fabulous image; to teach to see the beauty, grace, originality of the form and details of palaces, to expand children's ideas about fairy-tale palaces, castles and houses; to form an aesthetic taste when getting to know the environment and to educate children in interest in Russian culture, to improve technical skills and brush skills: to correctly paint over space, apply a pattern with the end of a thin brush; to consolidate children's knowledge of the works of oral folklore.

PRELIMINARY WORK: Reading Russian folk tales and viewing illustrations for them; conversations on illustrations and content of fairy tales; compiling descriptive stories based on illustrations, highlighting individual fairy-tale images (in this case, palaces, towers, castles, etc.); familiarity with the elements of folk decorative and applied arts; drawing houses for various fairy tale characters, acquaintance with the work of illustrators based on the works of oral folklore.

LESSON METHODOLOGY: The teacher reminds the children that they got acquainted with the work of illustrators for works of oral folklore: fairy tales, nursery rhymes, proverbs, etc. Invites the children to remember how they drew fairy-tale houses: - How does a fairy-tale house differ from an ordinary one? How is a fairytale house different from a fairytale palace? After the children's answers, the teacher offers to consider an exhibition of illustrations that depict various houses, towers, palaces and castles in which fairy-tale characters live. The teacher draws the attention of the children to how different artists completed illustrations for the same fairy tale and how they decorated fairy-tale palaces in them in different ways.

– What are the elements folk paintings used by artists to decorate these palaces?

What other elements can be used to paint fabulous palaces? Then the teacher invites the children to draw a fairytale palace for a character from a Russian folk tale.

- Think about how your palace will differ from other palaces and how best to decorate it.

- For which hero will you draw your palace? At the end of the lesson, we build a fairy-tale city with the children, in which various heroes of Russian folk tales live.

– Can you guess who lives in this palace looking at your drawing?

MATERIAL FOR THE LESSON: Paper 12 format, gouache, brushes No. 2 and No. 6, a simple pencil, jars of water, napkins. Illustrations for fairy tales depicting various fairy-tale palaces. “Come here - I don’t know where” By the command of the pike “(thin. T. A. Mavrina); "At the command of the pike" (art. V. V. Kulkov and N. Kochergin); "Magic ring" "Sivka-Burka" (artist A. Azemshi); "Sivka-Burka" (artist S. Yarovaya); "Ivan - Tsarevich and Grey Wolf“(thin. P. Bagina and Yu. Seliverstov); "At the command of the pike" (art. M. Belomlinsky).

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Methodology for studying Gorodets painting

The main goal of general education is the formation of a diversified, spiritually rich, highly moral and educated person who respects the artistic heritage, traditions and culture of the peoples of Russia. An effective means of personal development is folk arts and crafts. The secondary school is designed to introduce children to the artistic traditions of arts and crafts, thereby contributing to the preservation of these traditions. A special role is given to decorative drawing classes, in which preschoolers master certain work skills and get the opportunity to join the culture and aesthetic values ​​of the people. Folk arts and crafts carefully preserves and creatively develops the traditions that came from ancient times. Its basis is the creative manual labor of the master. Beautiful art products made by folk craftsmen help to instill in children a love for their native land, teach them to see and understand nature, and respect the work of people. The works of folk arts and crafts testify to the spiritual greatness, the enormous creative and creative possibilities of the people.

There are quite a lot of folk crafts on the territory of Russia. Each of them is unique and retains its roots. technological process. Mastering the art of fishing is a complex, long-term task. Folk painted crafts have existed for centuries and retain their original motifs, coloring and painting techniques. All painted crafts combine the generally accepted brush painting techniques that children can master. preschool age. Gorodets painting is an accessible type of folk arts and crafts for study. And it is in the classes on Gorodets painting that one can form brush painting skills, which are an integral part of the learning process for preschoolers. The development of such skills develops fine motor skills hands, which allows you to more successfully master the skills of writing and fine arts; contributes to the development of thinking, as well as the development of aesthetic taste.

Therefore, the study of Gorodets painting by preschoolers is a hot topic.

Object of study: the technique of fine arts in preschool.

Subject of study: Gorodets painting.

The purpose of the study: collection and analysis of material on the topic "Methods of studying Gorodets painting by preschoolers."

Research objectives:

1. Analyze the literature on the research topic.

2. To study the technology and methodology for performing Gorodets painting.

3. Develop a summary of the lesson on the topic: "The beauty of the Gorodets patterns."

Working hypothesis: it has been suggested that the study of painting will contribute to the development of preschoolers creativity, artistic taste.

1. Analytical (analysis of various works on the research topic).

2. Descriptive (statement of the specifics learning activities educator).

3. Monitoring the activities of children.

GORODETSK PAINTING

Technology for making Gorodets products

Traditional for Gorodets painting scenes of tea drinking, troika riding, festive festivities. A lush ornament of bathing caps, roses, leaves frames plot pictures arranged in tiers. The flowers of the old masters wrote fantastic, which you will not find in nature, but this is only at first glance. Looking closely, you can recognize cupavkas, daisies, berries, and in the middle of a fabulous bouquet - a lush rose. The center of the rose coincides with the center of the rosette of petals. At kupavka, the center of the flower is shifted to the left or right. A beautiful Gorodets thin-legged horse with a strong neck is a poetic image-mystery. Proud horses are painted on the doors of cabinets, the backs of high chairs, tables, plates on the wall. Fairy-tale flowers surround the horses, sometimes outlandish birds and animals are also depicted here. It seems that horses are galloping through magical gardens.

Gorodets masters write both on a colored background and on unpainted wood. Most often they use the beautiful texture of pine. The palette of Gorodets painting is colorful and varied. Gold, green, yellow, blue, blue, brown, pink and red colors are combined with black and white. However, each master has his own favorite color palette. A special expressiveness of the Gorodets painting is given by an elegant “animation” made with whitewash. Strokes, lines, dots, arcs adorn flowers and shapes.

Painting procedure:

A) The painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with yellow, red, black colors.

B) On the cutting board or surface of another object chosen for painting, the composition of the future pattern is outlined with thin lines in pencil. The main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - for example, flowers. These are the nodes of the composition. Medium details - unblown buds - connect large details between

yourself; small ones - twigs, leaves - complement the theme.

C) At the nodes of the composition, as a rule, spots of regular round shape are applied with a wide brush - the base of the flower.

D) Thin strokes are applied over light spots with a second, darker color scheme of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke. Outline stroke - drawing, depicts the contours of the flower petals. At the same stage, leaflets are depicted between large elements, the shape of which is obtained with two or three brush strokes.

The whole painting consists of elements: circles - underpaintings, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes.

E) The final stage of the painting is the application of strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called "animation" and gives the work a finished look. It is carried out with the thinnest brush.

E) After the tempera has dried, the product can be coated with a colorless varnish.

Painting techniques.

The process of Gorodets painting is divided into several stages: painting colored backgrounds, applying the main parts of the picture with the help of gunpowder, applying with a large brush the underpainting of the main color spots, applying shades with small brushes or modeling shapes with hatching, and finally, enlivening the motifs with white or other color tones. The painting is completed by graphic elements in the form of frames and layering, which limit the composition.

A careful study of the sequence of applying paints when performing the most common motifs, such as a horse and a bird, will allow you to write them yourself. But before starting to paint complex images, they learn to write simple motifs. changing in them individual elements, a wide variety of shapes can be achieved. For example, modeling a circle in different ways, one obtains numerous variants of the main Gorodetsky flower - a fantastic rose-cup, buds.

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Flowers - a feast for the eyes

To everyone's surprise.

Nice boards? See how the patterns are arranged differently on them. Here is a branch from the corner up and down, and here the center of the board and the top and bottom are decorated.

There are decorations everywhere. And here I have another surprise for you - separate parts of the pattern - puzzles. They will help us create a beautiful pattern.

Do you know what elements are used by the masters of the Gorodets painting? (Children find them among the puzzles and call them leaves, roses, buds).

And here are the boards. I have already prepared them: I cleaned them with sandpaper and impregnated them with starch glue. Do you want to decorate?

And for whom will we make such beauty? (as a gift to mom and dad for the New Year)

To make the pattern as beautiful as possible, I suggest first laying out the patterns from the puzzles on the boards. Remember how to arrange: you can put a twig up and to the side from the corner; you can decorate the center and top and bottom; can be in the form of a pyramid. (Children arrange the elements of the pattern on the board)

And now you need to circle them with a pencil and you can get to work.

Remind me what color combinations most successful? (pink brown, beige, green, blue)

(The teacher, during work, reminds that the shadow is first performed, and then the white gouache is thinned. Helps the children, encourages, reminds them of setting their hands when drawing).

(The teacher varnishes the boards in the absence of children)

Purpose: To continue acquaintance with Gorodets painting. To teach, with the help of an adult, to select a pattern on different forms: salt shaker, balalaika, hanger board.

Learn on your own, choose the shape and compositional solution of the pattern. Develop artistic taste.

STUDY PROCESS

Teacher: Hello, I am a tour guide. Did you order an excursion to the city of Gorodets? I invite you to the tourist bus.

So, we arrived in the ancient city of Gorodets, see how the architraves are painted on the windows of this old street (photo). Do you know how the patterns got on the windows, then on the dishes and toys?

In ancient times in Gorodets they built wooden ships- boats and painted them with cheerful, bright patterns. Then the wooden ships were replaced with iron ones and the craftsmen who painted the boats were left idle.

They went through the villages and offered their skills, began to paint architraves, gates, rocking toys for children, spinning wheels for girls. And the beauty of Gorodets went to walk around the world. They founded a Gorodets painting factory.

Here we are approaching it (photo).

How many masters are here! Everyone is sitting at long tables, in front of them are blanks - “linen” (photo). Imagine that we are also the masters of this factory. Choose the subject you want to paint.

To make the pattern beautiful, I suggest that you first take puzzles, make a pattern out of them, then circle it and color it. Masters of the Gorodets factory apply the pattern immediately, without a pencil sketch. Those of you who are confident and can do the painting without a pencil sketch can start right away.”

(The teacher individually helps the children to choose a compositional solution, color.)

At the end of the lesson, the children go home by bus, take the crafts as a keepsake.

Artistic word for classes and games on acquaintance with the Gorodets industry

Here is an elegant rocking horse

And rosan is here, and kupavka.

Horses gallop across the world

They are more elegant and beautiful!

Thanks from the people to the cheerful horses

From funny horses to the people - a fairy tale.

And from craftsmen -

So that the tow does not split, curled

So that the threads stretch, do not break,

To spin, looking at the cheerful horses,

Not bored, but all smiles!

So that science and memory about funny horses

It didn't end in any year.

On this topic:

Presentation for preschoolers Gorodets painting » PRO-staff

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"Magic patterns". Gorodets painting

Teacher: Look carefully at these flowers and say: what are the similarities between them?

Student: Round shape. Petals in arches. White revive.

Teacher: What is the difference between them?

Student: The center of the flower is displaced in the cup, while in the rose it is in the middle.

There are three types of composition in Gorodets painting

1. Flower painting.

Student: Flower painting.

This type is most often used, it is the easiest to perform. In less difficult variant at work, one flower with leaves diverging from it can be depicted. In floral ornament, the following most common types of ornament can be distinguished:

• "Bouquet" - depicted symmetrically. Usually written on cutting boards or dishes.
• "Garland" is a kind of "bouquet", when one or two large flowers are located in the center, smaller flowers with leaves diverge from them to the sides.

2. Floral painting with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird";

Student: Just like in flower painting, in products depicting a horse and a bird, motifs can be symmetrical. They are located on the sides flowering tree or inside a flower garland.

Sometimes, among the symmetrically written floral ornament, there are two birds, sometimes different in color. Images "rooster" and "horse" are symbols of the sun, wishes of happiness. Images of "rooster" and "hen" symbolize family well-being, wishing the family many children.

3. Story painting

Student: Performed on large items: panels, chests and large caskets, cutting boards and dishes. Painting in two or three tiers (in the upper part the main plot is written with a feast, date, walk, departure, etc., in the lower part - the plots help to reveal this topic). middle part, separating the tiers, is presented in the form of a flower strip. Another option is also possible: the main plot is depicted, girded with a flower stripe.

People's faces are always turned towards the viewer. Very rarely there are images deployed in three quarters.

Crossword puzzle (Each child is given a separate card with a crossword puzzle on the tables. After the guys answer the questions, they change cards and the answers are opened on the board. Students check each other's answers.)

• One of the composition types of Gorodets painting?
• Commonly used background color?
• The color used to write the pattern?
• One of the main elements of Gorodets painting?

Checking answers (Student marks each other. Each correct answer is 1.)

Physical education is held to Russian folk music

They raised their hands up and shook them - these are trees in the forest. Hands bent, brushes shaken - the wind knocks down the dew. Hands to the sides, we wave them - these are birds flying towards us. Where they will sit down, we will also show them Hands closed back,

The main techniques of Gorodets painting

The first and most important thing is to learn how to hold the brush correctly. The brush must be held perpendicular to the surface to be painted. The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free.

You can lightly lean on the little finger, which barely touches the surface.

Gorodets painting is performed without preliminary drawing with a pencil.

To make an arc beautiful shape, you need to start writing with the tip of the brush lightly touching the surface. By the middle of the arc, we gradually increase the pressure and finish drawing again without pressure.

Gorodets painting is performed in a certain sequence:

• Underpainting (flutz or squirrel No. 3 or No. 4) - making a colored spot.
• Tenevka (brush No. 2) - applying a bracket, i.e. a detailed development of the ornament.
• Animation (brush number 1) - drawing numerous details (as a rule, this is done with whitewash).

Mastering Gorodets painting is necessary to paint flowers.

The main varieties of Gorodets flowers: buds, kupavka, rosan, chamomile, rose.

Gorodets leaves different in shape, size and color. Leaves are depicted in two stages: underpainting and animation. If Gorodets green paint is taken for underpainting, then the revival is done with black paint.

If they take Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the black revival.

Gorodets birds magical garden : rooster, peacock, dove, swan, cuckoo. The writing of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. First, the curve of the neck and chest is depicted using a smooth line. Then a line is applied that defines the shape of the head and back.

They end with the definition of the wing line, make a filiform beak and legs. Most often, the bird's body is done in black. Animations are made with whitewash.

Gorodetsky horse.

There are several ways to draw a horse.

Underpainting is usually done in black. First, the chest and neck are drawn in the form of a large black drop, then an image of an inverted drop of a smaller size is drawn - this is the croup and hind leg of the Gorodets horse. Then add legs, head, mane and tail.

After that, they begin to revive, which consists in drawing a harness and a saddle. If the horse is without a rider, then the bridle is depicted tied to the front raised leg, and the harness on the chest is made in the shape of a flower.

Fundamentals of composition in Gorodets painting.

The study of the composition takes place in 3 stages:

• Learning compositional techniques
• We develop a sketch
• We carry out a sketch in natural size.

The main image is placed in the center of the composition: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif. By the end of the 19th century, a characteristic form of floral ornamentation had developed. The main elements are buds, roses, cupavka, which are endlessly repeated in various options.

Exist traditional schemes arrangement of the pattern in a rectangular shape: with one large flower and several small ones (scheme 1, 2, 3); with two large (scheme 4) and three large flowers (scheme 5 and 6) in combination with different amount small flowers. After determining the location and type of ornament, you need to find color solution.

The sequence of work on the composition is shown on the example of the garland: first the largest flower is drawn, then the smaller flowers, then the leaves, and at the end the shading and animation of the entire composition is performed. The development of the composition of the product ends with the design of the frame.

Sketches taken from workbook basics folk art Yu. G. Dorozhina "Gorodets painting", where you can read a detailed description of the painting lessons.

Sets for children's creativity: painting on wood. Gorodets

Drawing Gorodets painting

Drawing and painting

Gorodets painting is known all over the world as a great achievement of Russian folk art. In many schools of drawing and necessarily in all schools and specialized schools in fine arts, this amazing and colorful drawing technique is studied.

Drawing Gorodets painting from all other directions with its bright unusual image of black horses, birds with incredible tails, in which such magical images as firebirds are looked out. Animals are depicted in profile, but people, on the contrary, only in full face. And all these exciting characters are surrounded by lovely flowers and their garlands.

Drawing Gorodets painting

All Gorodets painting is symbolic. For example, the horse in it appears as a symbol of wealth, the bird means happiness, and the flowers - as an image of health and prosperity in all the undertakings.

The artists mainly chose such subjects as riders on brave horses, colorful weddings and feasts, family and quiet tea parties and many other celebration scenes from ordinary people's lives. But from the fact that the artists were ordinary peasants, a peculiar style was created in which strict and elegant urban features are mixed with the simplicity of a peasant, the sincerity of the common people of those times. Now, Gorodets painting is adapted for both preschoolers and adults.

What to buy

Initially, in the world, Gorodets painting was like the art of drawing on wood, but in our time, technology has improved, and therefore it is now possible to draw with this style on plain paper. Even at schools, lessons of Gorodets painting are actively conducted, introducing the history and technique of Gorodets masters.

You will need:

1. Paper or board. The first is good for beginners and children, the second is for painting household items - a plate, a board and other natural wooden blanks.
2. Dye. Masters prefer oil, but gouache is also suitable for beginners. A regular set of 12 pieces will do.
3. Brushes. As any artist needs different size. Better with natural bristles. Three brushes are suitable for Gorodets painting: flute, “squirrel” and kolinsky.
4. Varnish. If the drawing is applied over a tree, it is necessary to fix it with a special protective layer.

Where to start drawing

To fully integrate into this type of art, it is important not only to simply desire to draw and prepare all materials, but also to learn the technique of drawing. After all, writing “in Gorodetsky” is almost worth a separate article: how to hold a brush, how to move a brush, what movements to use in one or another detail.

All Gorodets painting is done in two stages. But before proceeding to them, a photo is applied to the surface, which is also a primer.

Stage 1 - "underpainting". This is a kind of application of large color spots. It all looks so easy that even a five-year-old child can handle it.

After all, the whole point is to first apply the paint in a thin, even layer, so that there are no gaps and sagging anywhere. Use at this stage flat and wide brushes - flutes. Suitable for painting all large figures of the product.

Stage 2 - "revival". This is a technique when a drawing with the help of black and white paint is combined into one whole. At this stage, artistic brushes are used. This stage is very difficult and will require a lot of strength and concentration from the artist.

The whole point of animating is to apply with white or black paint a lot of small dots over the underpaintings. The main thing is not to overdo it and predict the number of animations, because otherwise you can ruin the work of art.

Drawing some elements of Gorodets painting in stages

Pictures of drawingsGorodets painting

More details on the website razvitiedetei.info

Many of us at the drawing lessons learned about the existence of this naive, but so sunny and kind - Gorodets painting. Young ladies walk on painted boards, thin-legged horses gallop, unprecedented flowers grow ... I would like you to be interested in reading this lesson, at least I aspired to this (from the author)

FOREWORD Gorodets is a city in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region, on the left bank of the Volga. It is one of the most ancient Russian fortified cities. Gorodets is the birthplace of a wide variety of crafts.

He was famous for wood carving (“deaf” house carving), the manufacture of spinning wheels inlaid with bog oak (a board on which the spin sits), Gorodets painting, and carved gingerbread boards. The dominant color of Gorodets murals is either bright yellow chrome or cinnabar.

They are usually the dominant color, the background of the entire painting as a whole; blue, green and sometimes "whitened" tones (pink, blue) are used to write a pattern, black and white - to work out the details. Gorodets painting as such appears around the middle of the 19th century, when there is a transition from inlaid donets (a wide part of the spinning wheel that served as a seat) to their painting. At the same time, a tradition arose to sign proverbs and sayings on the works (which is also typical for popular prints) or indicate their authorship.

TECHNIQUE FOR PERFORMING GORODETSK PAINTING Materials: Tempera. You can use gouache with the addition of PVA glue. Two shades are made from each primary color: one is bleached, the other is more saturated.

The procedure for painting: A) Painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with yellow, red, black colors. B) On the cutting board or surface of another object chosen for painting, the composition of the future pattern is outlined with thin lines in pencil.

The main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - for example, flowers. These are the nodes of the composition. Medium details - unblown buds - connect large details to each other; small ones - twigs, leaves - complement the theme and have little effect on the overall composition.

C) At the nodes of the composition, as a rule, spots of regular round shape are applied with a wide brush - the base of the flower. D) Thin strokes are applied over light spots with a second, darker color scheme of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke.

Outline stroke - drawing, depicts the contours of the flower petals. At the same stage, leaflets are depicted between large elements, the shape of which is obtained with two or three brush strokes.

The whole painting consists of elements: circles - underpainting, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes. E) The final stage of the painting is the application of strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called "animation" and gives the work a finished look.

It is carried out with the thinnest brush. E) After the tempera has dried, the product can be coated with a colorless varnish.

MOTIVES OF GORODETSK PAINTING.

flowers - roses, cups with symmetrical leaves:

animals - horse, bird.

The "Tree of Life" is a traditional story that personifies nature. On both sides of the "tree", horses or birds can be depicted.

Riders, carriages, ladies, soldiers, cavaliers, dogs are traditional for the plot Gorodets painting. COMPOSITION There are three types of composition in Gorodets painting: flower painting; flower painting with the inclusion of the motive "horse" and "bird"; plot painting.

Such a division is conditional, since the plot painting is not complete without floral motifs, it is diverse in terms of construction schemes. And even if products with Gorodets painting are made on the basis of the same composition, but in different colors, you can not immediately catch the similarity.

So, Flower painting This type is most often used, it is the easiest to perform. In a less complex version, a single flower with leaves diverging from it can be depicted at work.

In a more complex version, for example, a strip of floral ornament is often depicted on the side walls, and the lid is decorated with flowers inscribed in a circle. On the lids of bread bins, flowers are usually arranged in a rectangle or rhombus.

In the floral ornament, the following most common types of ornament can be distinguished: "Bouquet" - depicted symmetrically. Usually written on cutting boards or dishes. "Garland" is a kind of "bouquet", when one or two large flowers are located in the center, smaller flowers with leaves diverge from them to the sides. They can fit into a circle, stripe, or crescent-shaped (on corner screensavers). This type flower ornament compositions are most often used when painting cutting boards, bread boxes, caskets, dishes, and children's furniture.

“Rhombus” is one of the variants of the “garland”, when one or more flowers are written in the center, forming the center, and the buds and leaves, gradually decreasing towards the tops of the rhombus, are located along its imaginary edges. This floral arrangement is most often seen on cutting boards. rectangular shape, chests, benches, cabinet doors, and bread bins.

"Flower stripe" - has been preserved in the Gorodets craft from painted spinning wheels, where it separated the upper and lower tiers. Depending on what product it is written on, it can represent a repeating ribbon composition of flowers. the same size, separated by pairs of leaves, or the same composition in which they alternate: flowers of the same size, but different in pattern; flowers of the same size, but different in color; flowers, different in pattern, color and size.

Such ornamental stripes are usually used when painting bulky items, such as round boxes. Narrative compositions encircle the narrow ornamental strip. The wider stripe is the middle tier in the three tier composition.

"Wreath" - resembles a "flower strip", but only closed along the edge of the dish or the lid of the box. flower arrangements usually symmetrical in motif arrangement and color distribution.

Floral composition with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird". As well as in flower painting, in products depicting a horse and a bird, motifs can be symmetrical. They are located on the sides of a flowering tree or inside a flower garland.

Sometimes, among the symmetrically written floral ornament, there are two birds, asymmetrical in pattern, sometimes different in color. Sometimes, when a master performs a composition of several objects (for example, cutting boards), symmetry appears in the composition of the two extreme ones. On the extreme boards, various motifs of flowers can be depicted, or when writing birds, two motifs will be used: “rooster” and “hen”.

Note: Images of "rooster" and "horse" are symbols of the sun, wishes of happiness. The images of the "rooster" and "hen" symbolize family well-being, the wish for the family of many children.

Subject painting Performed on large items: panels, chests and large caskets, cutting boards and dishes. The composition is similar to the composition of gift spinning wheels, such as: painting in two or three tiers (the main plot is written in the upper part with a feast, date, walk, departure, etc., in the lower part - the plots help to reveal this topic). The middle part separating the tiers is presented in the form of a flower strip. Another option is also possible: the main plot is depicted, girded with a flower stripe.

Interior: scenes of a feast, tea drinking, weddings are performed against the background of a window with the obligatory inclusion of a table. The table is filled with cups, a samovar or a vase of flowers (a symbol of wealth and prosperity). Curtains and clocks can be included in the composition.

People's faces are always turned towards the viewer. Very rarely there are images deployed in three quarters. Exterior: houses with carved shutters and architraves, with chimneys decorated with carved roosters, wells with roofs decorated with horses' heads.

Most often, the scenes of festivities, trips and dates are not divided into parts. Entire streets with houses, fences, churches, plant motifs in the form of trees are reproduced on the panel.

Often, next to the main characters, you can find images of animals - dogs, cats, roosters, chickens. With this construction of the plot, the main characters are depicted in the foreground, larger than the secondary ones, they are often highlighted in color.

More details on the website www.liveinternet.ru

Hello everyone! Today we have art on the agenda. Do you still have any painted wooden bowl or spoon in bright golden-red colors at home? Or maybe you inherited a joyful rocking horse in patterns? Then, perhaps, you already know what Gorodets painting is.

Well, if you still have a little meager idea of ​​the Gorodets masters, then I suggest getting to know their interesting work better.

Lesson plan:

Where did Gorodets art come from?

The history of one of the highest achievements of folk art - Gorodets painting - began in the 19th century. Peasants lived on the two banks of the Volga River in villages with the names Kurtsevo, Savino, Koskovo and others, who made carved spinning wheels and sold them at fairs.

And they painted this carving so that their creations were brighter.

Later decorative pattern and completely replaced woodcarving from spinning wheels, and such painted art began to be called “Nizhny Novgorod painting”, and the masters themselves were called “Kurtsevo dyers”.

It is interesting! Not everyone knows that the development of wood carving in Gorodets is due to Peter I, who asked to decorate each ship with wooden carvings, showing the Russian power and talent of the Russian people. When in the 18th century construction moved closer to the shores of the seas, Russian craftsmen found another use for their talent - they began to make spoons and bowls, cups and spinning wheels from wood.

It is believed that Gorodets painting flourished with the appearance in the village of Kurtsevo in 1870 of an icon painter from Gorodets named Ogurechnikov, who was invited to revive the painting of the Kurtsevo church. It was he who taught local craftsmen to apply paint in layers, enliven the picture with white and give expressiveness to the picture.

Starting painting with spinning wheels, the Kurtsevo masters slowly began to hone their acquired skills on dishes, baskets, toys for children, and boxes. Lush bouquets, black horses, strange birds appeared in the houses, unlike anything else. On the tree they “drank tea” and “arranged festivities”.

Only in the 30s of the XX century did the name of this wood drawing, which today we know and hear - “Gorodets painting”, appear, and all thanks to the fact that such decorated household utensils were sold in the nearby town of Gorodets, and workshops worked.

Kohl on the board girl

Ile is a daring fellow,

Miracle horse and miracle bird, -

So this is Gorodets!

What is the difference between Gorodets painting?

It is difficult to confuse Gorodets craftsmanship with others, because it is this painting that is replete with bright garlands and lush bouquets. Only here you will see all the pomposity of the plots along with the sincerity of the common people.

One has only to look at the objects painted in the Gorodets style, and you will immediately find yourself:

• on a walk as a rider on a horse;
• at the table during a tea party, surrounded by rich decorations;
• together with the hunters in the forest;
• in the circle of cheerful and carefree city people;
• or behind a spinning wheel.

In addition to the painted life of peasants and merchants, Gorodets masters could depict mystical animals. But no matter what theme was present in the drawing, it was always decorated with garlands of flowers.

From the very beginning, Gorodets painting was applied with egg colors in the form of large spots, without contours. Masters could make strokes in free form, then circling the elements with a black or white line. Favorite background colors:

• green;
• bright red;
• the black;
• juicy blue.

Today, craftsmen in factories use oil paints, which gives them more variety color, but the features of the motifs of Gorodets painting have been preserved. The technology of painting on wood has also remained the same.

Yellow evening, black horse,

And kupavki, like fire,

Birds look from the casket -

This is a painting of Gorodets!

How to draw in Gorodets

The Gorodets craftsmen have their own technology of painting on wood. Initially, with the help of a pencil, the artists draw a future drawing with a thin line, outlining the location of its elements, their sizes. The wooden base can be pre-coated with a ground paint of one of the shades - red, yellow or black. Professionals do not waste time on a sketch, but paint right away.

For Gorodets painting, a special paint is used - tempera, which is made from natural or artificial powders. Sometimes craftsmen take gouache as an assistant and add PVA glue there. But no matter what the paint is, the most important thing is its rich color, which is what distinguishes the painting from Gorodets.

The basis of all elements is drawn in white, this is called a scribble. Then on light tone applied with thin strokes details. Do it dark shades, which is why this step is called a shadow step. On the last step drawing with the help of the thinnest brush, they make the so-called livening with black paint and livening with white paint in the form of dots and shading.

When the finished work is completely dry, it is varnished. In general, it's not that difficult. Want to try? Then read about what Gorodets masters usually draw.

Where are the buckets, rocking horses

Very happy colors

These are all the works of the beautiful

Gorodets masters.

Gorodets compositions

Gorodets painting has three types of drawings.

flower theme

The most simple and therefore often used. It can be a single flower with leaves or a floral ornament in the form of bouquets, flower garlands, rhombuses, stripes and wreaths. Bouquets are more often drawn on kitchen boards and table dishes, cups, bowls and salt shakers.

Garlands are found on bread bins, furniture for children and souvenir boxes. Rhombuses of flowers adorn cabinets and benches. Stripes are used for painting three-dimensional objects, for example, for decorating a round box, or as a piping in a plot. The edges of the product are often painted with wreaths.

Composition with a drawing of a bird or a horse

It is often used to paint large items - tableware, bread boxes, children's furniture, but sometimes this theme can also be seen on an ordinary spoon. Such images look very nice on a black or red background.

Plot

The most difficult painting, which can be dedicated to dates or a feast, fairy tales or modern life. Typically, such drawings are elongated along a horizontal line. The picture may consist of several parts, separated by columns, curtains or other interior items. Sometimes in one story you can see several characters in different rooms.

Gorodets masters always depict grooms on horseback, and brides standing near birches. In plots with a feast, the tables are necessarily full of dishes, and a samovar is an obligatory symbol on them. Sometimes Gorodets artists paint entire villages with houses, wells, streets, churches.

Today modern masters Gorodets painting factories continue the old traditions, creating masterpieces of art in the form of caskets, bread boxes, toys and furniture.

Flowers are drawn

Unprecedented beauty.

That beauty has no end

It's all from Gorodets!

You can learn more about the history of painting, see how real masters work and admire their works by watching this video.

So you got to know Gorodets painting better. If you are interested, you can now try to make a beautiful gift for your mother for the holiday with your own hands by painting a cutting board or a box in the style of Gorodets.

But for your teacher and classmates the best gift will be your interesting research project dedicated to the work of Gorodets masters.

Success in your studies!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

One of the creations and virtues of the 19th century is, which is an artistic one that arose in the area of ​​​​the city of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod province.

From the history of Gorodets painting

Gorodetskaya originates from carved spinning wheels, which in Gorodets had their own peculiarity: the bottom and the comb. To decorate the donets, local craftsmen used a peculiar inlay technique: figures were cut out of another breed and inserted into recesses, for example, dark bog oak stood out in relief on the light surface of the bottom. So, with the help of just two shades of wood and simple tools, Gorodets craftsmen turned the surface regular board into the real picture. Somewhat later, they began to use tint - bright yellow, blue, green and red colors made the bottom even more colorful and elegant.

The growing need to increase the production of spinning bottoms led the craftsmen to the idea that the technique of decorative design should be simplified. Therefore, starting from the second half of the 19th century, the labor-intensive and complex inlay technique was replaced by ordinary carving with tint, and by the end of the 19th century, the picturesque manner of decoration began to prevail on the Gorodets donets.

The ancient traditions of the Gorodets craftsmen are trying to preserve and enrich the modern masters working at the Gorodets Painting factory (Gorodets), among whom there are winners of the Repin Prize.

Features of Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting , which adorned the bottom for spinning wheels, chests, sledges, arcs, and many other household items, was distinguished, first of all, by its content. The main impression in the murals is given by genre scenes - very free, conditional in nature, decorative in form, and sometimes bordering on caricature. Plots for Gorodets painting are taken from life - this is the life of the merchants and the peasantry. A significant proportion is occupied by floral motifs, painted broadly and decoratively. It is also interesting that in Gorodets there are often combinations of genre realistic motifs and idealized, decorative images of animals and birds.

In Gorodets murals, you can find exotic leopards and lions, hot and strong horses or roosters in a warlike proud pose. Often these are paired images facing each other. Often, on the field of murals, masters “scatter” flowers (roses, daisies, kupavki) with bouquets and cheerful garlands. And where the plot allows it, artists willingly use the motif of a magnificent curtain, which is picked up by a cord with tassels.

Used colors: intense red, bright green, bottomless blue and black, which further emphasize the decorative motifs of Gorodets painting. is carried out with a brush, a free blow, without a preliminary drawing. Techniques are very diverse: from broad strokes to the finest lines and virtuoso strokes.

How Gorodets painting is performed

Most often, tempera is used to perform Gorodets painting - prepared on the basis of natural dry powder pigments and / or their artificial analogues. You can use gouache, in which PVA glue is added. When working with gouache paints, you need to be aware that after drying they acquire a whitish tint, so each layer must dry completely before applying another layer of paint. All primary colors should have two shades: one is saturated, the other is diluted. When working with paints, it is necessary to ensure that the brushes do not dry out, because if they are not washed in time, they will have to be thrown away.

Technique for performing Gorodets painting much easier than, especially when comparing the preparation of a wooden base. Gorodets painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with red, yellow, black colors. First of all, on the selected surface, thin lines with a pencil outline the composition of the future pattern. And main task here is to outline the size and location of the most basic elements - the nodes of the composition, for example, flowers and animals. However, the pencil is not always used: experienced craftsmen they immediately apply the drawing with paints, considering that it is this technology that is correct. As for medium and small details, they play a complementary role and have little effect on the entire composition as a whole.

The nodes of the composition, as a rule, are made with a wide brush and lighter paint. Darker strokes of the same shade are applied over light spots, for example, a blue stroke is created for a blue element. The whole Gorodets painting consists of such elements as brackets, drops, underpainting circles, spirals, arcs, strokes and dots. Moreover, strokes and dots are applied with a thin brush at the final stage of painting - they are called “animation” and give the work a finished look. After drying, the drawing can be covered with a colorless oil varnish or nitro varnish. To apply oil varnish, use a brush, swab or paint sprayer, and for nitro-lacquer use only a paint sprayer, as in this case the surface will be more even and smooth. The varnish should be applied in 2-3 layers, with each layer requiring complete drying. Thus, a high-quality film is formed that can protect Gorodets painting from mechanical and chemical damage.

Modern Gorodets painting in interior design

The ancient Gorodets craft found itself in modern products- Souvenirs, furniture, children's toys, housekeepers and much more. Today the masters began to use oil paint, which significantly diversified color palette Gorodets painting, but the motifs, plots and images remained traditional. Painted products carry not only a decorative function, but are also used for their intended purpose: salt is stored in salt shakers, bread is stored in bread bins, food is cut on cutting boards, etc.

Furniture with Gorodets can give a special rich flavor to even the most modest room. However, it should be borne in mind here that the Gorodets painting is already bright and colorful in itself, so the room where you plan to place it should not be overloaded with saturated colors. For example, furniture with Gorodets painting looks great, surrounded by a calm monochromatic interior - in this case, it fully shows its elegance and beauty. For the same reason, it is not recommended to place a large number of items decorated with Gorodets painting in one room.

One of the popular directions is the implementation Gorodets painting on columns, walls, wall panels, borders, friezes, etc. Patterns and motifs of Gorodets painting, as noted, look great in children's rooms and in the kitchen, giving warmth, comfort and joyful mood to the atmosphere.

TOOLKIT

to art lessons

"Gorodets painting"

atreader primary school Rudakova Alla Nikolaevna

MBOU secondary school No. 4, Anapa,

Krasnodar region

Story

Gorodets painting originates from Gorodets , which had their own peculiarity: a comb and a bottom. To decorate the Donets, Gorodets craftsmen used a peculiar technique - : the figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into a recess corresponding in shape. Inserts made from dark stained , stand out in relief on the light surface of the bottom. Thus, having only two shades of wood and a simple tool, craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture.

Later, masters began to use tint for fine richness, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful. A well-known master of inlaid donets with tint was .

The need to increase the production of spinning bottoms prompted the masters to simplify the technique of decorative design. From the second half the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay began to be replaced by simple carving with tint, and since the 1870s, the picturesque manner of decoration has prevailed on the Gorodetsky Donets.

Peculiarities

In Nizhny Novgorod paintings, two types can be distinguished - Pavlovsk and Gorodets paintings, which were used to decorate chests, arches, sledges, children's furniture, spinning wheels and many small household items. The Gorodets style is distinguished primarily by its content. In the murals, genre scenes give the main impression. All these images are conditional in character, very free and decorative in form, and sometimes border on . This is life , , a magnificent parade of costumes. A significant place is occupied by floral motifs - lush "roses", painted widely and decoratively. By expression the master became a true painter. V. S. Voronov, who wrote that “the Nizhny Novgorod manner presents us with the purest version of the genuine pictorial art overcoming the limits of graphic captivity and based solely on the elements of painting ... ”Next to genre realistic motifs, idealized, decorative images of birds and animals also live in Gorodets murals.

There are exotic and . Especially often the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. Most often these are paired images, facing each other. Gorodetsky master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Where the plot allows, the master willingly uses the motif of a magnificent curtain, picked up by a cord with tassels. The decorativeness of motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques. Favorite backgrounds are bright green or intense red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multi-colored Gorodetsky color splashes especially juicy. In the characterization of the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. The painting is done with a brush, without a preliminary drawing, with a free and juicy stroke. It is very diverse - from a wide stroke to the thinnest line and a virtuoso stroke. The work of the master is fast and economical. Therefore, it is very generalized, simple in technique, free in the movement of the brush. Gorodets flower paintings, multicolored and expressive works by masters A. E. Konovalov and D. I. Kryukov are characteristic.

History of Gorodets painting

The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in the villages located on the banks of the clear and bright river Uzora. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye and others. In the 18th century. there is a center for the production of spinning donets and toys. Peasants took their products to sell at the fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting made on these products was called Gorodetskaya.

Dictionary Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word "bottom" means "a plank on which a spinner sits, sticking a comb into it." Having finished the work, she took out the comb, and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. Therefore, craftsmen paid Special attention decoration of boards with carving and painting. The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the life of a peasant woman. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father gave it to his daughter, the husband gave it to his wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen elegant, colorful, to everyone's joy and surprise. The spinning wheel was inherited, it was protected and kept.
To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a peculiar technique - inlay, which is very rare in folk art. The figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into recesses corresponding in shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood of two shades and using the simplest tool, craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art.
AT further master began to apply more and tint Donets. A bright combination of a yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made it elegant and colorful.
From the second half of the XIX century. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by tinted bracket carving, and then the pictorial style of decoration began to predominate.
The plots of the ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, scenes from folk life.
Nowadays, the traditions of the old masters are being revived and enriched by craftsmen working at the factory. art products"Gorodets painting" in Gorodets. Among them are award winners. I.E. Repin. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolov.

Secrets of Gorodets masters

Tools and materials. For painting, it is desirable to have three brushes: squirrel art (No. 2 or No. 3), kolinsky art (No. 1 or No. 2) and flute (No. 2 or No. 3). A flute is a flat, soft hair brush used for underpainting and framing.
Nowadays, Gorodets artists paint products with oil and tempera paints. It is better for schoolchildren to use gouache for this, since Gorodets painting is multi-layered, and gouache paints dry quickly and can be applied one on top of the other. You need to learn how to draw on thick white paper.
It is best to have a gouache set of 12 colors, of which eight are required: black, white, scarlet, kraplak red (cherry), cobalt blue light (bright blue), yellow, chromium oxide and iron oxide red. Another paint is also needed - cinnabar (bright red), but it is not included in the set.
To get the color scheme of the Gorodets painting, you need to mix paints. In addition to those that are in the gouache set, you need to get four new colors: light blue, light pink, light ocher and green Gorodets (Fig. 1).
To get light blue, white paint(zinc white) add a little cobalt blue light (bright blue paint). Light pink is obtained by mixing white paint with cinnabar or white with scarlet. For light ocher, they take light yellow and a little red iron oxide. Gorodets green paint is obtained by mixing yellow gouache, chromium oxide (dark green paint) and red iron oxide. The result should be a warm green marsh shade of paint. All received paints should be creamy.
To mix new paints, clean gouache jars are taken. So that the paints do not dry out, it is necessary to add a little water to them as necessary.

Elements, plots and techniques of Gorodets painting.

At the beginning of training, it is very important to learn how to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work (Fig. 2). The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free to perform inseparable plastic strokes, both on smooth planes and on spherical or cylindrical surfaces. In the process of work, you can lean on the protruding little finger, lightly touching the product with it.

Ornament occupies a significant place in wood painting.

Ornament - This is a pictorial, graphic or sculptural decoration from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements.

The main elements of the Gorodets painting are circles, brackets, dots, drops, arcs, strokes, spirals.

It is important to understand the difference between the concepts of "pattern" and "ornament".

Pattern - this is a drawing that is a combination of lines, colors, shadows (Fig. 4). They, brought into a certain system, rhythmically ordered, will make up an ornament (Fig. 5). When mastering painting of the pictorial type, which Gorodetskaya also belongs to, we must remember that it is performed without first drawing the outline of the drawing.

Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages (Fig. 6).

First - underpainting , i.e. circular motion with a brush, applying one color spot. Underpainting is done with a wide flat brush - flute or squirrel No. 3. The main thing is to learn how to take right amount paints on a brush. If there is not enough paint, then the underpainting will turn out to be pale, inexpressive; If there is too much, then the paint will peel off when it dries.
The second stage - shade (or shade), i.e. applying a bracket. To correctly draw a bracket, at first you just need to lightly touch the paper with the tip of the brush and draw a thin line; to the middle, press the brush hard, and complete the bracket again with a thin line. Make sure that the brush is perpendicular to the sheet of paper.

The third stage - revival (or livery), i.e. fine cutting of ornamental forms with whitewash. Animations are always applied to monochrome silhouettes, which gives them some volume.
Mastering Gorodets painting begins with writing flowers, which are depicted mainly in a circle.

Gorodets flowers are diverse

in color and shape.

Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity.

Buds ( rice. 7) - a variety of Gorodets flowers. First, the main color spot (underpainting) is applied in a circular motion with a brush. Then they proceed to the detailed development of the ornament (shadow). Perform it in black, burgundy or kraplak red. The development of the bud movement with a brush, applying one color spot. The shape of the bud depends on how the brackets are located.

It can have one or more brackets. If there are a lot of brackets, you need to start drawing with the smallest one, gradually increasing them in size and bringing them closer to the edge of the underpainting. It must be remembered that the buds are always small in size. At the end, revival is applied with whitewash.

Kupavka (Fig. 8) - the most common flower in the Gorodets ornament. Her underpainting is larger in size than that of the bud. They begin to paint with a small circle along its edge, then make a bracket inside the circle. Brackets are drawn along the edge of the underpainting, the shape is the same as the bracket inside the underpainting, only smaller. Brackets along its edge are drawn, starting from the center, gradually reducing them in size to the core. The final stage of painting - animation is usually done with whitewash. Applying animation requires very careful and precise execution, so it must be done with a confident stroke of a thin brush.Rosan (Fig. 9) reflects the main features of the flower, i.e. has petals and a pronounced center. Silhouette in the shape of a circle. The size may be larger than the bathing suit. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. Rosan in the painting of Gorodets is surrounded by brackets - petals of the same size, the color of which matches the color of the middle. The technique of painting the brackets is the same as that of the kupavka.
Variants of development with animation are so diverse that it is difficult to name even the most common ones. Gorodets artists use dots, brackets, drops, spirals.
Chamomile (Fig. 10) the flower is not complicated in terms of technique. Lightly touch the surface of the paper with the tip of the brush, leaving a thin mark on it. Then, without looking up from the paper, quickly attach and lift the brush. The result is a smear-drop - thin at the beginning and wide at the end. Like a rose, it has a core, only drop petals are drawn around it.
Rose (Fig. 11) the most complex flower. The painting begins with an underpainting - the main volume of a flower-circle, a central rounded petal is added to it below, smaller petals are placed in a circle around it to the very core, which occupies the center of the upper part of the flower.

After the silhouette of the flower is created, they begin to develop it: the elements of the central part are limited by a large bracket and turned to the core. The bracket arc and the core in the upper part of the flower are drawn in black, burgundy and red kraplak. The edges of the petals can be circled with the same paint as the core.
The most difficult thing in a rose is the animation. Inside the bracket arc, first draw a small bracket with a linear cut. Then, two to four drops are drawn on both sides of the arc, depending on the free space inside the arc. Small brackets are drawn outside the arc. Inside the bracket arc, you can draw dots-stamens.

Gorodets leaves (Fig. 12) are very diverse in shape, size and color. They are almost always arranged in groups of five, three or two leaves.

A simple Gorodets leaf is depicted as a pumpkin seed. A more complex one is written like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect it with a curved line, making sure that the sheet remains wide at one end. The leaves are always wide, rounded and splayed.
Leaves are depicted in two stages: with underpainting and animation. If the underpainting is done with Gorodets green paint, then the revival is done with black paint, if with Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the revival of black color.

gorodets bird (Fig. 13) is a symbol of family happiness. Birds are depicted in various versions: this is a proud peacock, and a frowning turkey, and a cocky rooster, and a fabulous bird. They begin to write them with a smooth line depicting the curve of the neck and chest, then they draw a line that defines the shape of the head and back, then they define the line of the wing, the filiform beak and legs. Most often, the body is made in black, the wing is painted over with Gorodets green paint. The tail is written in different ways, for example, it is limited on both sides by lines that define its silhouette and painted over. This is best done in scarlet. In another case, each tail feather is drawn in two colors. The development of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. Animations are made with whitewash, applying thin strokes.

Gorodetsky horse (Fig. 14) - a symbol of wealth. It is mostly black in color, with a small head on a steeply arched neck and a neatly combed mane. Masters depict him in several ways. Some free fly strokes write the outline of the entire figure and only then paint over it. Others build the figure of a horse with color spots, starting with the largest vertical element - the chest and neck. The outlines of the harness and saddle, the back and abdominal parts of the body are added to them. The plane bounded by the harness and saddle lines remains light in this variant. Most often, the saddle and harness are made in scarlet, and the details of the head and legs of the tail are made in white.

Composition in Gorodets painting

All works of art are created according to the laws of composition, non-observance or ignorance of which can lead to a violation of harmony. Composition (from Latin compositio - arrangement, composition, connection) - the construction of a work of art, the ratio of its individual parts (components), forming a single whole.
For the composition of works of arts and crafts, the main thing is the unity of content and form. Another, already specific, sign is the conformity of the form of a work of decorative art with its specific purpose.
To a large extent, the nature of the composition is determined by the rhythm. Rhythm is a uniform alternation of elements of a drawing, contributing to the achievement of clarity and expressiveness of the composition.
A rhythmically organized drawing easily turns into an ornament - the basis of the composition. But an ornament is not only a repeated repetition of similar elements of a pattern. Highly importance acquires a beautiful and clear drawing of the details of the overall silhouette.
The artist's work on a new work begins with the choice of a theme according to the purpose of the product. A well-thought-out compositional scheme is the basis for creating a work of art. You need to start with a sketch of a compositional scheme in full size. It is not recommended to draw a quarter or half of the product. When developing a decor, it is necessary to determine which part of the product will carry the main ornamental and color load.
When studying Gorodets painting, work on the topic

"Composition" is carried out in three stages.

I. The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting.
II. Development of a sketch of the future product.
III. Making a full size sketch.
The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting. A characteristic feature in the plot compositions of spinning bottoms is the image of a horse and a rider. A galloping horse with a proudly raised head was usually placed in the center of the composition.
The image of a rider in folk art is familiar to icon painters (George the Victorious, Dmitry Solunsky, and others). On carved bottoms kept in museums, most often a composition depicting two riders on rearing horses is presented. Riders are located on both sides of a flower tree, from the top of which a swan takes off. On the lower halves of the donets, the craftsmen usually depicted genre scenes of festivities of gentlemen with ladies, hunting scenes, etc. In the 60s. 19th century the same compositions were used in the painted bottoms. By the end of the XIX century. folk masters began to paint genre pictures, scenes of festivities. Later, the leading storyline of the donets, which were part of the dowry, was the illustration of wedding ceremonies: the bride riding in the carriage, the bride, the meeting of the groom.
The brothers Lazar and Anton Melnikov were the first to write on the bottoms of cupavki and buds, brightly colored birds and cockerels. They also developed the poses of horses and riders: the horse was certainly drawn with long legs, and its hind leg was necessarily crocheted. In Melnikov style, horses continue to be painted by modern masters.

By the end of the XIX century. a characteristic form of a floral ornament with certain elements has developed: these are buds, rosans and a kupavka flower, which are endlessly repeated in various versions. In the center of the compositional plane, the artists place the main image: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif.

Folk masters write faces in the same manner - in the form of a white circle, on which their features are indicated with thin black lines. Hairstyles for both men and women are distinguished by great sophistication, but only black is used in their coloring. In the image of the figures themselves, a planar color solution is used, in which the main large spots (skirts, jackets, jackets, trousers) are painted without a contour, in the form of a monochrome colorful silhouette. The favorite decorative motif in the art of the Gorodets masters is bright flowers and decorative green leaves, which give the painting a special charm.

The traditions of narrative Gorodets painting are preserved and continue to be developed at the Gorodets painting factory. Modern artists paint more than 50 items: decorative panels, chests, caskets, kitchen cabinets, shelves, cutting boards, bread bins, salt shakers, sets of coasters, as well as toys, children's furniture.

2. After the location of the ornament is found, we select the main compositional center, the proportional ratio of the parts is decided, it is necessary to find the color scheme of the composition. Often children, seeing the multi-colored Gorodets painting, think that they can use the entire set of colors. But, having examined their sketches and remembering the laws of color science, they come to the conclusion that the layout of local color spots obeys only one thing - the general gamut.

3. Having composed the composition and choosing the color, you can proceed to the detailed drawing of the ornament. The development of the composition of the product ends with the design of the frame. Gorodets craftsmen pay great attention to this, as the frame adorns any product. It is performed both in one color (usually scarlet), and in several.

Making a full size sketch.

Before processing wood for painting, it is necessary to familiarize students with its basic properties.
Wood is an excellent ornamental material for creating arts and crafts products.
Linden, aspen, alder wood is widely used for painting. Linden is considered the best of them for painting. It absorbs moisture and therefore is well tinted with aqueous solutions and paints.
Aspen wood is characterized by softness, texture uniformity, whiteness and purity. One of its important properties is light resistance: it does not turn yellow for a long time if it is indoors. Alder wood is soft, light, cuts well, warps little, and is easily pickled and polished.
An important characteristic of wood is color. Any wood of a freshly cut tree, as a rule, has a uniform color throughout the cut. But over time, the wood becomes darker. This must be taken into account in the work. For example, an alder that is slightly tinted with yellow paint will still have a reddish tint to the background. And if this circumstance is not taken into account, then the arrangement of colors in the ornament will not be in harmony with the general tone of the background, which always has a warm tint.
In painting lessons, most often you have to deal with plywood, so its properties should be described in more detail.
Mostly plywood is used, consisting of three, five and seven sheets. Plywood layers are glued together with waterproof glue. Their number is always odd, so plywood does not warp. The layers of plywood are laid in such a way that the direction of the fibers in the layers being glued mutually intersect at a right angle. This gives plywood a special rigidity and strength.
Immediately before painting, the selected workpiece should be processed. It is polished with sandpaper (along the length of the fiber), and then coated with starch paste. After it dries, the workpiece must again be processed with a sandpaper.
The painting on the product is carried out in a strictly defined sequence: first, the central part of the composition is painted, and then the floral ornament is made. After all the underpaintings are done, they should be shaded with dark colors. The painting is finished with animations made in white and yellow paints.
If the sketch provides for the implementation of the background, then the surface of the product must be tinted with the required color. Most often used for the background following colors: light and dark ocher, cinnabar and scarlet, less often black. The color scheme for products made with a background is completely different than for products made without it.
If the background is made of light and dark ocher, the color scheme of the composition should be brighter, and vice versa, if cinnabar or scarlet color was used for the background, then the muted color scheme is chosen. On a black background, white or yellow is used for shade. For the background, it is best to use brushes No. 5 - 8 so that the paint lays down in a more even layer.
After the painting is finished, it is varnished. Before this, it is necessary to familiarize students with the types of varnishes, the general rules of varnishing. Apply each next layer of varnish only after the previous one has dried. The more layers of varnish, the longer it takes to dry between each coat. After each coating, the surface of the product is treated with a fine-grained sandpaper. Such an alternation of operations is necessary for better bonding of varnish layers and obtaining mirror surface. A swab for varnishing products is prepared from a flap of any fabric, except for fleecy.
To consolidate the material covered, broaden one's horizons and cultivate artistic taste, as well as in search of plots, it is necessary, if possible, to organize excursions to museums and exhibition halls.

Literature:
Baryshnikov A.A. Fundamentals of composition. M., 1951.
Boguslavskaya I.Ya. Good hands craftsmanship. Leningrad, 1976.
Borodulin V.A. Artistic processing of wood. M., 1986.