In addition to underground, buildings can have ground, basement and underground floors.

Tsokolny- floor when the floor mark is placed below the planning mark of the ground to a height of no more than half the height of the premises.

Basement– floor when the floor level of the premises is below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the premises.

Underground- a floor with the floor level of the room below the planning ground level for the entire height of the room.

Elements of the arrangement of the underground part of the building are entrances to the basement, pits, and blind areas.

Entrances to the basement are usually arranged in the form of single-flight stairs open to the outside, located in special pits adjacent to external wall building and enclosed by a retaining wall.

To protect against atmospheric precipitation such a pit is covered with a roof (sometimes translucent).

The entrance walls are made of 250 mm thick brick, slag concrete stones (190 mm), monolithic reinforced concrete (200 mm), prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks (300 mm).

IN multi-storey buildings The entrance to the basement is usually made from a staircase inside the building, and in manor residential buildings, most often from the first floor under the flight of interfloor stairs. In this case, it is advisable to isolate the entrance from the first floor by installing a fence on all sides and a door on the first floor.

Slope external staircase, as a rule, 1:2 (150x300 mm), internal 35-45°, width - at least 900 mm.

Blind areas. One of the ways to isolate the underground part of buildings from surface water is to install a blind area made of asphalt, asphalt concrete, cobblestone, flat stones, concrete, and figured paving elements (FEM) around the building outside.

The width of the blind area depends on the type of soil and the amount of eaves overhang (200 mm more than the eaves overhang) and is accepted as 600-1000 mm. The transverse slope (from the building) is 5-10% for crushed stone and cobblestone blind areas and 3-5% for asphalt concrete and concrete ones.

The base material is selected to ensure the waterproofness of the blind area as a whole. Sand is mainly used with a bedding layer of fatty clay or concrete.

Light pits. To illuminate and ventilate basements and basements, windows are installed in the outer walls below ground level, and in front of the windows there are wells called pits.

The walls of the pits are made of brick, concrete with waterproofing on the outer surface and must be at least 150 mm above the ground level. The bottom of the pit is made of concrete with a slope of 1.5% from the building.

It is advisable to cover the pit from above with a decorative metal grille with a translucent coating (for example, made of a polycarbonate sheet).

Rice. 6.18. Light pit plan

Swimming pools can be designed in almost any shape and size. The pool bowl is made of monolithic reinforced concrete. After pouring the concrete, the inner surfaces of the bowl are leveled with plaster mixtures, and after the plaster layer has dried, a PVC “liner” film is installed, which is both waterproofing and lining of the pool.

The set of equipment for sewerless swimming pools includes:

Non-sewage filter unit;

Electric heater or heat exchanger;

Hydromassage;

Accessories for pool care;

A set of pool water care products.

Almost any country house, or simply a country house is not complete without a cellar. Very often it is installed in the basement, and low built-in windows (at ground level) are used to provide it with natural light. And in city buildings such windows are not uncommon. As a rule, a special light or protective pit is installed nearby. This design allows you to protect windows from dirt and moisture, and also allows you to make the most of daylight hours. Manufacturing standards and sizes of pits may vary, depending on the type of building and the size of the basement windows.

Let's take a closer look at their purpose, types and main stages of their installation.

Purpose and characteristics

The main purpose of this element is to restrict access to that part of the walls of the building where the basement windows. The pit device protects the windows themselves and the basement as a whole. This structure will not allow snow, melt water, garbage and animals to enter the basement, and the windows will last much longer thanks to this protection.

The grille protects the windows from mechanical damage and practically does not prevent light from entering.

An important purpose of a basement window is access daylight into the room. Light pits must be designed in such a way that maximum quantity sun rays got into the basement through the windows. The presence of windows in the basement or cellar allows you to reduce energy costs for lighting, as it makes it possible to use natural daylight.

If the basement is well-equipped, daylighting greatly increases the comfort of people staying inside for a long time. Thus, the light pit is not just a protective structure, but an important functional element.

And if you apply maximum imagination, you can make a spectacular one out of this design. decorative element facade of your house.

The dimensions of the pits are calculated depending on the size of the windows themselves and how deep into the ground they are planted. As a rule, the length of the pit (the part that runs parallel to the wall) should be one and a half times the width of the window. And the second side ( perpendicular to the wall) should not protrude more than 1 m. The best option– 70–80 cm. The depth of the pit is determined based on the location of the lower edge window frame: its bottom should be approximately 20 cm below the window. It is also advisable to plan a slight slope of the well bottom (about 3–5 degrees).

The shape of this structure can be very different: semicircle, trapezoid, square. But still, the rectangular shape is the most convenient and practical.

There are also special SNiPs - these are building codes and the rules that designs must comply with. When designing, be sure to check what these standards are for your building.

How to organize a drainage system

To prevent dampness in the basement, the pits should be equipped with a drainage system, which will allow water to be drained away from the building. Additional waterproofing of the well walls and connecting seam may also be required.

Scheme of a pit with a drainage system.

If the building is located on a waterproof pad, you can get by with a simple drainage system. To do this, you will need to leave a pipe with a diameter of 6–8 cm and a length of about 1 meter under the bottom of the pit. The hole in the pipe that goes into the basement pit should be closed with a special drainage grate. To drain water more efficiently, the floor must be laid with a slight slope away from the building (towards the drain hole). The bottom of the well should be covered with a layer of gravel about 3–4 cm deep. simple procedure will prevent the earth from falling off and debris will not clog the pipe.

In case the level groundwater close to the surface, a more serious drainage system will be required. It is best to organize circular drainage around the entire perimeter of the building (at a distance of about 50 cm from the foundation). And from the pits, drain water into the general waste system.

Additionally, waterproofing of walls and expansion joint between the pit well and the building. Well walls can be treated bitumen mastic. The seam is sealed with geotextile or roofing felt. Waterproofing in combination with a drainage system will reliably protect the building from moisture ingress from the wells of the basement windows.

Installation of ready-made structures

Modern construction companies they offer quite a lot today wide choice ready-made structures for arranging pits. By purchasing such a product, you can easily equip pits in the basement: the only thing you will have to work on is digging a pit to fit the dimensions of the purchased structure.

Installation of the finished structure.

Today, finished pits are made from different materials. It can be galvanized steel, propylene, plastic or polyester. The latter option, reinforced with fiberglass, has such strength that structures made from it can easily support not only the weight of an adult, but even a car. Therefore, such designs are the most popular.

Replacing old elements with new ones.

Metal, in particular steel structures, also have their advantages. Thanks to the galvanized surface, they are not exposed to moisture. In addition, most are equipped with anti-vandal devices. This option is perfect for country houses, in which there are no permanently residing owners. Iron bars for pits will protect not only windows from mechanical damage, but also the home itself from thieves.

Typically, ready-made pits on the market include the following required elements:

• Well body.
• Grills on the windows.
• Set of fastening devices.

The design and manufacture of pits involves certain technological subtleties, but installing ready-made pits is not difficult. Any man (familiar with construction) can cope with this work without the involvement of specialists.

First, you should study in detail the installation instructions for the product. It probably contains all the dimensions of the product that you need to know in order to dig pits for pits. Don't forget about the water drainage system, which has already been mentioned.

The well body is installed in the finished pit, all communications are connected (drainage, discharge, grate on the drain pipe). After all the above work, all that remains is to install a fence or grate for the pit, and the structure is ready. All structural elements are attached to each other and to the wall with special dowels, which are included in the product package.

The finished pit is also good because it does not need additional insulation. The only drawback of ready-made structures is their price. This pleasure is not cheap. Therefore, if you are not ready for high costs, you can try to make a pit with your own hands.

Arranging a pit with your own hands

When performing such a construction yourself, you can choose one of the following options:

The well is rectangular in shape.

1. Monolithic well (cast from concrete).
2. Only the bottom of the pit is filled with concrete, and the walls are lined with bricks or blocks.

In both cases better than walls shape into a rectangle. The thickness of the walls should be about 15 cm. It is desirable that the upper edge of the pit rises 25–35 cm above the ground. Sometimes pits in basements are made level with the ground, but in this case its functional qualities will be lower. The well should not be too deep. Its bottom should be approximately 15–20 cm below the window frame.

Let's take a closer look at the design features of each option.

Monolithic well

The well is semicircular in shape.

For such a pit you will need following materials and tools:

• cement;
• gravel;
• boards and wedges (for formwork);
• iron fittings;
• shovel;
• concrete mixer (or large container for diluting the solution);
• roofing felt or geotextiles;
• lath (for compacting the solution);
• container with water.

First of all, you need to dig a pit, determining its dimensions in advance. Then formwork is installed from boards and pegs for concrete walls. If you are planning to construct a pit of any shaped shape (for example, a semicircle), then you can use fiberboard or pieces of old PVC panels for formwork. Reinforcement is used to strengthen the future pit. You can use steel rods or a grate as it. Although this procedure is not mandatory.

Remember that the walls are formed first, and only then the bottom of the pit is filled.

The seam between the wall of the house and the walls of the pit is filled with geotextiles. You can replace it with a couple of layers of roofing felt. Waterproofing will help protect the basement from excess moisture.

When the formwork is ready, you can take on the mortar. Use high-quality cement so that the pit does not have to be redone in a couple of years. If you have a concrete mixer, the work will be greatly simplified and time-saving. When pouring the solution into the formwork, do not forget to tamp it periodically with a lath so that there are no voids left in the walls. After the concrete has completely dried, its surface should be treated with bitumen mastic. This is good waterproofing.

If the basement is heated, you should consider insulating the pit, because heat will be lost through it.

It is better to buy a ready-made window grille or weld it yourself from pieces of reinforcement. The canopy over the pit can be made from a profiled sheet or a piece of cellular polycarbonate.

Brick or block construction

The walls can be made of brick, stone or blocks.

For this option, you will need all the tools and materials from the previous paragraph, with the exception of formwork boards, and you will also need less cement and gravel. But you will have to fork out for bricks or foam blocks.

The work also begins with a foundation pit, the walls of which are lined with the selected material. The rest of the pit structure does not differ from the previous version.

The second option is more labor-intensive, since not every person has the ability to lay bricks and blocks. In addition, this option will cost you more.

Decorative finishing of the pit

If you want your structure to not only protect the basement windows, but also decorate the facade of the house, you can think about its decorative finishing.

wonderful and functional material For this purpose, ceramic tiles or artificial stone. Some craftsmen line the walls of the pit with wild stone, which also looks very original. More simple options: cover the walls with clapboard or simply paint.

If the basement windows face a street with heavy pedestrian traffic, it is better to provide a fence for the pit. A good option will metal grill. Steel structures will reliably protect windows from debris, dirt and vandals.

Design option.

If one of the purposes of the pit is, then it is better that its walls are light colors. As you know, light surfaces reflect light better, therefore, more sunlight will penetrate into the basement. Light pits significantly increase the comfort of staying in basements. In addition, by equipping windows with such structures, you can make the most of natural daylight, significantly reducing energy costs for lighting.

When choosing fences and bars for windows, do not forget that you will need to periodically clean the pits from debris and snow. Therefore, these elements must be removable.

By arranging a light (aka protective) pit according to all the rules, you can not only improve the lighting of the interior of the room, but also protect your windows and the basement as a whole.

Drainage Systems and Technologies LLC is our company, which has been supplying Russian market products for professional water disposal and drainage manufactured by Russian and foreign manufacturers.

We carry out wholesale supplies products such as water inlets, storm inlets, drains, storm inlets, shower trays, channels for pools, hatches for tiles, check valves and much more.

We work only with companies that occupy leading positions in this industry. These include EuroPlast Ltd (Italy), ASO and Hauraton (Germany), Gidrolika (Russia).

The impeccable quality of the products of these companies is guaranteed by all necessary certificates. All products are stored in Moscow warehouses.

A wide dealer network makes it possible to represent the entire line of drainage systems in many cities of the country. But we do not stop there and are constantly expanding our network and product range, since the demand for quality systems drainage is actively growing.

We invite companies and individuals from St. Petersburg and Moscow to cooperate. One of the principles of our company is to always meet our customers.

Drainage

Drainage Systems and Technologies LLC offers you to buy a drainage system.

Melting snow in the spring, summer showers and lingering autumn rains will turn any most comfortable city into a rather dirty and dull place. And how many problems will flooded basements, trees killed by excess water and collapsing foundations of houses bring! But fortunately, modern cities are not threatened by all this. Already many centuries ago, people began to use drainage systems that were constantly improved - from simple trenches, gutters lined with tiles, to modern grates that we are used to seeing on the streets.

Drainage systems are very important especially in crowded areas and areas with high traffic flow. Gas stations, airfields, ports, warehouses, cargo terminals, sports complexes cannot do without them. industrial enterprises. Drainage extends the life of an object and protects it from destruction.

Plumbing drain

You can also purchase a plumbing drain from us. Its main task is to capture water, eliminate unpleasant odor in an apartment or private house. It is necessary wherever there is a sewerage system. By the way, another name for this product is a water lock. They are installed in the floor or under the sink.

Drainage trays in Moscow

A drainage tray is included in the design of any drainage system. This product is necessary to remove excess water accumulated after rain or melting snow. Drainage trays are installed near road curbs, water drainpipe and near the annular blind area (at the end). Lattice drainage tray is the primary filter.

Hatch for tiles

With us you also have the opportunity to buy a tile hatch in Moscow. Such hatches are installed under tiles in bathrooms under toilets, sinks and bathtubs. Thanks to ceramic tiles, which is glued to the structure from the outside, such a hatch becomes invisible.

Storm water inlet in Moscow

The rainwater inlet is one of the most important elements storm sewer. Its role is to collect water not only from pipes, but also that which flows down road surface. The storm water inlet perfectly prevents the formation of puddles.

You can see all the listed and many other products on our website. It is also easy to place an order through the company’s online resource or contact our specialists.

What are they? light pits?

Currently, light pits are universal systems that are used not only to ensure the proper level of lighting in basements, but also for rain and melt water. As a rule, such devices are mostly used in private homes. Light pits are characterized by high strength and stability of various types mechanical stress That is why they can be used for a long period of time and do not require repair or restoration work. Thanks to their design, these devices evenly distribute the load over their entire surface and therefore the likelihood of damage even with strong impact is reduced to almost zero. This device can be used in conditions of excessive humidity due to its complete sealing and water resistance. Using extensions, you can adjust the height of the pit at your own discretion.

Light pits for basement windows can be used to collect rain and melt water, even in the event of heavy rainfall basements will remain dry and the most favorable level of humidity will be maintained. Today, the body of this device is made of various material options. White propylene can be used, which is reinforced with fiberglass to provide greater strength. Sawed ordinary and fiberglass reinforced polyester. In many ways, these devices are adapted to the load of pedestrians and vehicles. It should be noted that they are made of galvanized steel with a special anti-vandal mechanism. As a result, they are not afraid of the effects of corrosive processes and mechanical damage.

The standard light pit kit includes: a housing, a mesh grille, and an installation kit, available in four modifications. For pedestrian movements, for hitting vehicle, for hermetic installation, for installation on thermal insulation. Today, such devices are quite easy to buy and, if you wish and have free time, you can install them yourself without using outside help. These practical and universal devices do not require special knowledge and skills for their use.

Description

More light in the basement The steady increase in prices for land, construction and materials dictates a more rational use of usable space in country house. This especially applies to basements. Their purpose can be very different - from rooms for engineering equipment to offices and gyms.

Light-transmitting pits ACO Markant® (AKO Markant) are durable and lightweight design, bringing daylight into the basement windows for multifunctional use of basement spaces.

Due to the strength of the material, the optimal location of the fastening bolts and sealing, the pit is suitable for high groundwater. Pits are made with an outlet. Water is discharged from the pit through the outlet into the general sewer system.

Getting into the pit, rainwater flows down its smooth walls to the outlet at the lowest point and is discharged through a siphon into the sewer or wall drainage.

Types of gratings

All pits are equipped with metal gratings for pedestrian or vehicle loads. Thanks to optimal placement dowels for fastening the pit to the basement wall, the impact load is evenly distributed along the perimeter of the structure.

Grid mesh		Lattice square		Lattice rectangle

Pallet type

Advantages

Technical dimensions

Light pits ACO “Therm / Markant” — This is a system for ventilation and lighting of basements and ground floors. The design allows you to avoid flooding of the room, as it performs the function of draining groundwater and precipitation. White surface The pit body reflects light, and the hermetically sealed fastening to the wall prevents groundwater from entering the pit itself and, as a result, into the room. The basement always remains dry, even during very heavy rainfall.

The ACO Therm / Markant grille allows you to open the basement windows for ventilation without fear of outsiders entering the room. The grille is equipped with special anti-vandal fastenings. The system is very durable and protects the home from unwanted entry.

ACO "Therm/Markant" pits are made of polypropylene or polyester with glass fiber reinforcement. This ensures the strength and durability of the structure and minimizes routine maintenance and repairs. The system is hermetically attached to the wall, providing excellent waterproofing. The pit grate is made of steel and equipped with an anti-vandal mechanism.

Light pits ACO “Therm / Markant” are:

• optimal lighting and ventilation of the basement;
• strength and tightness;
• durability of the structure;
• protection against unwanted entry into the building;
• various size options;
• height adjustment;
• easy installation.

You can install the system yourself, without the help of specialists. "ACO Therm / Markant" pits are produced in various options, differing in the type of grille, dimensions and body material:

• lattice - looped or in the form of a grid;
• material - polypropylene or polyester;
• height can be changed using extensions.

The manufacturer offers the following pit sizes:

• length 80-25 cm;
• width 60-130 cm;
• depth 40-60 cm.

For each size there is optimal distance from the foundation wall for installing the system - from 40 to 70 cm. Basic system Includes housing, grille and installation components. If desired, you can supplement the design with anti-vandal fastening, extensions and sewer inlet.

Size, cm (W*H*D)	Design gratings	Class loads	Article	Price, RUR/piece
ACO Therm / Markant Light pits with grille and installation kit- depth 40 cm (load class A15, B125)
80*60*40	Mesh	A15	35600	16 163
	Cellular 30/30		35604	16 363
	Cellular 30/10		35608	18 014
	Cellular 30/10	B125	35612	24 769
100*60*40	Mesh	A15	35601	17 364
	Cellular 30/30		35605	17 864
	Cellular 30/10		35609	19 615
	Cellular 30/10	B125	35613	26 871
100*100*40	Mesh	A15	35602	20 816
	Cellular 30/30		35606	21 317
	Cellular 30/10		35610	23 068
	Cellular 30/10	B125	35614	30 374
100*130*40	Mesh	A15	35603	26 170
	Cellular 30/30		35607	26 721
	Cellular 30/10		35611	28 472
	Cellular 30/10	B125	35615	35 728
125*100*40	Mesh	A15	35904	28 072
	Cellular 30/30		35905	28 922
	Cellular 30/10		35906	30 474
	Cellular 30/10	B125	35907	41 432

Size, cm (W*H*D)	Design gratings	Class loads	Article	Price, RUR/piece
ACO Therm / Markant Extension - depth 40 cm (height 27.5 cm) (load class A15, B125)
80*60*40		A15	315911	16 263
100*60/100/130*40			315912	17 213
125*100*40			315913	21 367
800*60/100/130*40		B125	315922	16 263
100*60/100/130*40			315923	17 213
125*60/100/130*40			315924	21 367

The same can be installed to a depth of up to 180cm using extensions (no more than three).

Size, cm (W*H*D)	Design gratings	Class loads	Article	Price, RUR/piece
ACO Therm / Markant Light pits - 50/60 cm deep (load class A15, B125)
80*80*50	Mesh	A15	00452	22 968
	Cellular 30/30		02432	25 270
	Cellular 30/10		35560	28 672
	Cellular 30/10	B125	02519	34 277
100*80*50	Mesh	A15	00454	26 170
	Cellular 30/30		02433	29 873
	Cellular 30/10		35561	32 225
	Cellular 30/10	B125	02520	42 183
100*100*50	Mesh	A15	00456	28 222
	Cellular 30/30		02434	31 925
	Cellular 30/10		35562	34 327
	Cellular 30/10	B125	02521	44 285
100*130*50	Mesh	A15	00458	37 629
	Cellular 30/30		02435	41 332
	Cellular 30/10		35563	43 684
	Cellular 30/10	B125	02522	53 642
125*130*60	Mesh	A15	00460	44 535
	Cellular 30/30		02436	48 338
	Cellular 30/10		35564	53 242
	Cellular 30/10	B125	02523	64 901
ACO Therm / Markant Extension - depth 50/60 cm (height 27 cm) (load class A15, B125)
80*80*50		A15	315914	17 664
100*80/100/130*50			315915	18 565
125*130*60			315916	23 468
80*80/100/130*50		B125	315925	17 664
100*80/100/130*50			315926	18 565
125*130*60			315927	23 468

Size, cm (W*H*D)	Design gratings	Class loads	Article	Price, RUR/piece
ACO Therm / Markant Light pits (fiberglass) with grille and installation kit - 70 cm deep (load class A15)
150*100*70	Mesh	A15	38776	169 983
	Cellular 30/30		38777	176 188
	Cellular 30/10		38778	185 195
150*150*70	Mesh	A15	38779	193 001
	Cellular 30/30		38780	199 206
	Cellular 30/10		38781	208 213
200*100*70	Mesh	A15	38782	234 633
	Cellular 30/30		38783	239 087
	Cellular 30/10		38784	256 951
200*150*70	Mesh	A15	38785	254 799
	Cellular 30/30		38786	259 253
	Cellular 30/10		38787	277 067
ACO Therm / Markant Extension - depth 70 cm (height 27 cm)
150*100/150*70		A15	315917	32 525

ACO Therm / Markant Coating tempered glass(with a fixing bar on the wall of the house), without the possibility of applying any load
Pit size, cm (Sh*Sh)	Dimensions plastic covering	Article		Price, RUR/piece
80*40	95*48	35592		15 162
100*40	122*48	35593		16 213
125*40	155*48	35902		18 815
80*50	99*58	37495		16 563
100*50	122*58	37496		18 264
125*60	150*68	37497		23 068

Grating types:

Mesh 30x10mm, mesh 30x30mm, mesh

Load classes:

B125 - allowable collision with a wheel passenger car