Popov's boilers manufacturing and description. Popov's pyrolysis boilers are cheap and environmentally friendly heating. Installation rules, basic requirements

What could be better than what is made with your own hands? Any host personal plot dreams of a multifunctional oven, but often the options on store shelves do not fit in terms of functionality or price category, so the only way out is to make the oven with your own hands. Popov's boiler is a modern heating unit, on the basis of which you can make heating, conduct hot water, recycle waste. The principle of operation of the unit is quite simple, so it is easy to do it yourself.

Working principle and advantages

Thermochemical power plant (TEU) intended for heating purposes, air or water can be used as a heat carrier. Heat is released during and afterburning of the emitted gases.

The boiler belongs to long burning. During the combustion of solid fuel with a lack of oxygen, a smoldering process occurs, which slows down decomposition and allows you to generate maximum thermal energy on one tab. This process is also convenient because the boiler does not need to constantly check and report fuel. When a solid fuel decomposes, a gas is formed, which rises into the afterburner and heats the heat exchangers.

The technical characteristics of a properly manufactured boiler allow you to refuse to use. At correct installation the chimney generated draft is enough to remove the smoke. Also, the combustion chamber must be airtight for pyrolysis, it is important to take this into account when working with your own hands. The boiler does not require electricity, the unit is completely independent of energy, the temperature is controlled mechanically. One bookmark of firewood with a sufficient volume of firebox can be enough for a day full work.

The device of the furnace and afterburners allows you to clean the emitted smoke from tar and soot (as they burn), so the maintenance of the furnace becomes easier. The chimney is less polluted and easier to clean. Completely burnt waste - ash gets into the ash pan.

Design

For DIY it is important have drawings and know how the oven works from the inside what it consists of and how each of its elements works.

Read also: Manufacturing of a hydrogen boiler

Firebox. This is probably the most important element of the furnace, it needs to be given special attention. Popov's boilers have two chambers:

• lower chamber in which fuel combustion occurs (pyrolysis);
• upper chamber, it is afterburning gases.

If the lower chamber consists of one compartment into which firewood is loaded, then the upper chamber is a little more complicated. The afterburner is divided by a partition into two horizontal sections.

Also above the combustion chamber there is a block where secondary air enters for afterburning gases; there are blades in the block, their task is to evenly distribute gases throughout the entire space of the chamber.

Regulators. All combustion processes and power depend on only three regulators:

• small pipes of oxidizers, they responsible for the supply of oxygen to the chamber where the pyrolysis process takes place. Thanks to the regulation of the oxygen supply, it is possible to change the power of the boiler; with a sufficient supply of oxygen, the combustion process will be more intense, respectively, and the power will be greater. When access to oxygen is limited, the process of smoldering (pyrolysis) will occur, due to which the temperature will even out, the power will slightly decrease. This regulator is located under the door;
• the top gate is intended for hatch adjustment flue gases . When the speed changes, the performance of the unit changes. The gate is located on the upper branch pipe of the heat generator;
• the gate is also located in front in the center, it acts as a “plug” and prevents carbon monoxide from entering the room where the boiler is installed.

After pyrolysis and afterburning of pyrolysis gases, a large amount of heat is released, heat exchangers are heated. To keep warm and avoid losses the unit can be insulated with an outer insulating layer or water jacket.

I'm wondering what the efficiency of this boiler is all the same. I wonder how much it can be adjusted, how much it can be strangled from the face value, because. and will have to be heated in the spring. What is the best power to choose with an area of ​​\u200b\u200b95 squares.
I'm interested in him simple reasons. I really liked the size of the firebox, especially the length. In imported boilers, poles will have to be chopped up to 30-45 cm, and this one climbs up to 75 cm, conveniently.

I'll try to answer in order.
1. The boiler is extremely inert and can be adjusted badly, it is better to say that it does not lend itself at all. It works with greater efficiency just in the low-temperature mode up to 300 g in the furnace. Its obvious minus or plus, depending on the requirements for it
2. It is not picky about fuel. Sometimes one is surprised at what muck it is able to puff. At sawmills one can observe the following picture; the boiler is connected to the dryer, a pile of something woody is lying nearby, a stream of something dirty and foul-smelling flows from the blower, and all this is in the open air.
3. It is better to have not one but two or even three TGs in the boiler room with a total "power" close to the required one.

What are the fundamental differences between the Popov boiler and Bourgeois-K?
What group of boilers does Popov's boiler belong to according to your opinion: pyrolysis or gas generating.
Judging by technological scheme Popov's boiler is non-volatile
How this is reflected when burning firewood of different humidity. Is the supply temperature fluctuating?
What is the actual duration of burning wood, for example, a 50 kW boiler, with an intensive combustion mode.
At what moisture content of firewood is it impossible for the boiler to start pyrolysis combustion, if it is really a pyrolysis boiler.

This device acquired the profession of a boiler only because it did not find a job in its main specialty, a utilizer of organic waste. From here, all its misfortunes.
In order not to fall into further misunderstanding, let's clarify the terminology
Pyrolysis - thermodynamic decomposition of carbon-containing raw materials in an oxygen-free environment
Gas generation is the conversion of a substance from its state of aggregation into a gas
Do you agree?

Here are the pros and especially the cons. It’s not technological already, it means something in the repair of the problem.

Dear Sergey. There are no mechanisms that would not break down or require maintenance. The more complex the apparatus, the more problems associated with operation. Simply put, "it is difficult to agree with physics."
Do you agree?

Boiler design features

Popov boiler assembly kit

1. Fuel tank.
2. Apparatus for welding.
3. Bulgarian.
4. Rectangular pipes 6x4 cm.
5. cement mortar.
6. Bricks.

First stage

Second phase

Third stage

Fourth stage

Fifth stage

Good luck!

Video - Popov's pyrolysis boiler

svoimi-rykami.ru

Do-it-yourself Popov long-burning boiler drawings, installation

Using the pyrolysis effect is the reason for the emergence of a new type of long-burning boilers. Outwardly, they are similar to traditional solid fuel models, except for the presence of an additional combustion chamber. One example of the improvement of heating equipment is the Popov pyrolysis boiler, which runs on wood fuel.

Design features, characteristics

The essence of pyrolysis is the decomposition organic matter during smoldering, with minimal access to oxygen. As a result, volatile combustible gases are formed with high rate calorific value - hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ethylene, methanol. They are also the main source of heat.

Basic design Popov's boiler includes the following elements:

• Fuel chamber located at the front. Loading is carried out through the top hatch, ignition - through a small side door. It is possible to increase the volume of fuel by installing an additional block.
• Burning chamber. It has an L-shape, the entrance to it is located under the fuel compartment, behind the grate. The main combustion area is at the rear of the structure.
• A damper that regulates the volume of air inflow. It is connected to a mechanical thermostat.
• Heat exchanger. It has a spiral shape, located at the back.
• Pipe for connecting the chimney.

Popov's boiler in the context is not difficult. Its design is similar to traditional "mine" models. Innovative solutions - the possibility of increasing the fuel chamber, a spiral heat exchanger. In some models, you can connect a tank indirect heating.

To control the combustion process, the following components are provided in the design:

• Pipes of oxidizers. Required to control the flow of air into the afterburner. Adjustment occurs by changing the position of the lower flap.
• Upper gate. Limits the removal of carbon monoxide gases through the chimney.
• Silencers. Designed for maintenance of equipment, prevent the ingress of combustion products into the room.

These are the main features that Popov's solid fuel boiler has. Additional information - the gas combustion zone is made of heat-resistant steel 10 mm thick. This affects the cost upwards, but significantly increases the energy resource of the equipment.

The principle of operation, the nuances of setting

Unlike standard solid fuel models, you need to know how to heat Popov's boiler correctly. It is recommended to use bulk fuel - sawdust, wood shavings. Their mass creates the required pressure on the pyrolysis zone, the density does not allow the gas to rise up.

1. Loading fuel, checking the tightness of the top cover.
2. Ignition of logs, the lower damper is maximally open.
3. After the flame is formed, air access to the fuel chamber is limited.
4. During the combustion of pyrolysis gases, the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger is controlled.

At the first stage, it is important to ensure good traction. The top gate must be fully open. After 20-30 minutes of operation, it can be partially closed. If combustion products enter the boiler room, the gate is opened again.

Installation rules, basic requirements

The correct installation of the Popov pyrolysis boiler begins with the choice of the installation site. It is recommended to equip the boiler room, the rules are set out in SNiP 42-01-2002. Make natural and forced ventilation, the material for finishing walls and floors in the installation area of ​​heating equipment is not combustible. Fuel is stored in separate room.

Additionally, specific requirements are taken into account:

• Insulated chimney for Popov's boiler. The reason is that the temperature of carbon monoxide gases at the outlet is low - up to +140°С. This causes the formation of condensate and its flow into the afterburner. It is recommended to use sandwich chimneys, between the galvanized walls of which basalt wool is installed.
• The length of the chimney is from 4 m. This is necessary for the formation of traction.
• Service. Periodic cleaning of the heat exchanger is required, removal of soot from the inner surface of the gas combustion zone. The doors are located at the rear of the case. Access to them must be free.

When connecting an indirect heating tank, the length of the lines is minimal. This will reduce heat loss when transporting coolant.

Difficulties of self-production

The high cost of heating equipment is one of the negative factors. You can try to make a long-burning popov's boiler with your own hands - drawings and assembly procedures are partially available on the Web. In practice, this is problematic - there are no exact diagrams with the dimensions of equipment components. Only the grade and thickness of the steel used is known.

During the design and manufacturing process, you may encounter the following problems:

• Due to the high temperature of the pyrolysis gases, the walls of the afterburner are made of refractory steel 10 mm thick. It is difficult to weld a similar design at home with tightness.
• The dimensions of the channel for the removal of gases relative to the volume of the fuel block. They directly affect the power, but only the equipment designer knows the correct ratio.
• Serpentine heat exchanger. To make it, you need to bend steel pipes, which can lead to thinning of the walls. With prolonged exposure to temperature, this will cause depressurization.

For self-production, you can consider alternative options pyrolysis boilers. As an example, the scheme of the NEUS-T model is often used. It is characterized by ease of assembly, the presence of a turbine to control the air supply.

prokotlyi.ru

The principle of operation of the Popov boiler. Technical characteristics and design features. Consumer reviews

TEU (thermochemical power plants) "Popov's boilers" are equipment for heating a coolant - water or air.

Heating occurs due to thermochemical processes of converting solid fuel into a gaseous state, followed by combustion of these gases.

This equipment is used for heating in emergency situations and in heating systems for premises of various sizes and purposes - living rooms, saunas, baths, greenhouses, greenhouses, for drying agricultural products and lumber.

Popov's boiler can work as a gas, coal, wood-burning apparatus, as well as a waste disposal device.

Principle of operation

The operation of this heating equipment is based on the principle of pyrolysis (thermal decomposition) of solid fuel.

In the process of fuel combustion, under the condition of limited air access, combustible components are formed that have a high calorific value. These are methane, methanol, hydrogen, ethylene, carbon monoxide, pyrolysis resin. The process of decomposition of solid fuel occurs in the temperature range of 200-3500C. Volatile products of pyrolysis are transported to the afterburner, in which, with a sufficient amount of oxygen, they are completely burned with the release of a significant amount of heat. Heat is transferred to the coolant through the heat exchange surfaces.

Attention! The receipt of additional thermal energy and the burning process extended in time increase the duration of burning on one tab.

A CHP-based boiler house does not need smoke exhausters, since there is enough draft to remove the combustion products, which is provided by a properly arranged chimney.

Popov's pyrolysis boiler with mechanical adjustment of the coolant does not depend on the power supply. It can maintain the required temperature with an accuracy of half a degree. Fuel is put into the installation once or twice a day, which is determined by the volume of the loading chamber.

Attention! Due to the absence of carbon and tar in the exhaust gases, the chimney pipes retain a smooth surface, which protects them from the accumulation of soot. Cleaning the heat generator can be carried out by any handyman in combination with other work.

Ash can be removed from the unit even during operation, and it is not necessary to remove it completely. Around large pipes of oxidizers, ash is specially left in a layer 5-50 mm thick, which serves as a catalyst for thermochemical processes.

work heating installation Popov can be stopped at any time with the help of the regulatory system.

The design of the Popov pyrolysis boiler

Popov's heating unit consists of two chambers: the lower one - pyrolysis and the upper one - the afterburning chamber for pyrolysis gases.

The afterburner consists of two sections separated by a horizontal partition. The unit is equipped with three controls:

• Small oxidant pipes located under the door regulate the output of the heating plant by changing the oxygen supply to the pyrolysis chamber.
• The upper damper, located on the upper branch pipe of the heat generator, is designed to control the performance of the unit by changing the rate of flue gas removal.
• A damper is located in the center in front of the unit, which prevents flue gases from entering the room.

Above the combustion chamber there is a secondary air supply unit for afterburning pyrolysis gases. The block contains swirlers that evenly distribute the heated air throughout the entire volume of the chamber.

In the process of movement of flue gases to the exit, their intensive heat exchange with the coolant takes place, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the combustion products to 1400C.

Attention! To reduce the heat loss of the unit, a water jacket and an outer heat-insulating layer are used.

The thrust required for the operation of the TPP is provided by a chimney, the length of which is at least 7 m. At the same time, the horizontal section should not exceed one meter. The top point of the chimney must be at least 300 mm above the roof peak, which will prevent flue gases from blowing into the room. The flue pipe throughout the area in contact with the external environment must be insulated. To clean the chimney, a hole with a door is provided below.

If a storage tank for water is connected to the system, then the installation of a three-way valve is desirable. This will allow the coolant to move in a small circle through the storage tank, which increases the temperature of the coolant at the return pipe inlet to the unit. Increasing the temperature of the heat carrier in the return pipe allows you to extend the life of the heating installation.

As an energy carrier for this heating equipment, all types of solid organic fuels, the humidity of which does not exceed 65%, including all types of coal and peat, can be used. There are also modifications with gas burners that provide operation with main or liquefied gas.

Reviews about Popov's boiler are very diverse - both positive and negative. Therefore, before purchasing such equipment or its self-manufacturing according to the drawings, it is advisable to consult with the users of this unit. Representatives of the official manufacturer of TEU "Popov's Boilers" NPP "Ultrazvuk" LLC claim that fakes may appear on the heating equipment market that are not capable of providing the declared characteristics.

kotel-otoplenija.ru

Popov's pyrolysis boiler

• high consumption of fuel materials;
• low efficiency;
• need constant maintenance burning;
• abundant smoke.

An alternative to similar devices is Popov's solid fuel boiler, based on the use of the pyrolysis effect. What does this mean? The design of the combustion chamber of this device is made practically sealed, i.e., the access of oxygen to it is strictly limited. It is no secret to anyone that oxygen is necessary for a full-fledged combustion process, otherwise it simply will not occur. Based on this factor, the minimum air intake into the combustion chamber is still provided. However, its amount is so negligible that full-fledged combustion does not occur. Instead, there is a procedure of slow smoldering of solid fuel. Heat transfer in this case has significantly lower rates than with full-fledged combustion of materials. But due to its design, this difference is almost imperceptible.

Popov's stove contains one secret embedded in its design. It consists in the re-combustion of exhaust gases. What does this mean? During the slow decay of wood, which is the main fuel element used in this stove, a significant amount of smoke is released, which contains some unused fuel. It is he who is redirected to the next compartment, where he is reused. As a result of this process, it is partially burned and the heat transfer of the entire device is increased. Remains of double-processed fuel are discharged outside through the chimney. Ultimately, the Popov furnace gives excellent performance with a relatively small consumption of solid fuel. All these factors make it possible to single out and structure the advantages of this device over other similar devices. They look like this and at its best characterize the qualities of this furnace:

• low fuel consumption;
• increased efficiency;
• low rates of smoke formation;
• long combustion time of the fuel material.

As for the device of a similar furnace, it is quite straightforward. This is one of her main secrets, allowing you to assemble the Popov oven with your own hands. The schematic diagram of this device contains a clear drawing, according to which its creation can be carried out as soon as possible. This furnace consists of the following components, which together form a unique functional product, which differs high quality heat generation and distribution. The set of parts from which the furnace itself is formed looks like this:

• base;
• the combustion chamber;
• secondary chamber;
• chimney.

Four basic elements make it possible to create a magnificent product that is the benchmark for solid fuel stoves.

The sturdy base serves as the lower part of the primary combustion chamber, into which the solid fuel is directly loaded. It is usually made of thick-walled metal, which has maximum strength characteristics. The combustion chamber itself is reproduced on top of the base. It is practically no different from the designs of any other similar devices, with the exception of the exhaust gases that do not enter the chimney, but into the recycling chamber located one level above the primary compartment. There it is processed, and its residues are discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.

sdelaypechi.ru

Popov's boiler is modern and productive equipment, on the basis of which you can build a complete air or water heating system. During the operation of the boiler, the loaded solid fuel undergoes a number of thermochemical processes, decomposing into solid and gaseous parts. Subsequently, the gases are also burned, which makes fuel consumption as efficient as possible.

Popov's boiler is perfect for heating rooms of various purposes and dimensions. Almost any solid fuel is suitable for the firebox. If necessary, such a boiler can even be used as a waste disposal unit. A lot of detailed diagrams and intelligible instructions are freely available, guided by which the heating unit in question can be assembled by hand.

The mechanism of action of the Popov boiler

The operation of the boiler in question is based on the principle of pyrolysis. In the furnace compartment of the unit, conditions for reduced air access are created. As a result, the fuel does not burn, but slowly smolders. In parallel with this, various gaseous combustible components with a very high calorific value are formed.

Loaded fuel decomposes at about 200-350 degrees. The resulting gases are directed to the afterburner compartment. There is already enough air in this chamber, which allows the gases to completely burn out and release a lot of heat. The resulting thermal energy is fed to the coolant.

Pyrolysis boilers in general, and the Popov boiler in question in particular, are very productive and cost-effective equipment. Such units are able to operate on a single fuel load much longer compared to other existing heating equipment.

The boiler room based on Popov's homemade boiler will not have to be equipped with smoke exhausters, because. combustion products will be sufficiently removed by means of chimney. The equipment in question is equipped with a system mechanical control coolant, which makes the unit independent of the power supply.

Popov's boiler is characterized by high accuracy - the temperature can be set with an accuracy of half a degree. It is enough to lay fuel 1-2 times a day. The specific frequency depends primarily on the size of the loading chamber.

There are no tar and carbon in the exhaust gases, which makes it possible to assemble the chimney from pipes with smooth inner walls. Soot on them still will not accumulate. Design features allow you to clean the unit without any difficulty. If necessary, the chimney is disconnected from the main part of the system and all units are cleaned convenient way.

Popov's boiler can be cleaned of ash without even stopping its operation. At the same time, it is not necessary to remove all the ash. A layer of ash should remain near large pipes, having a thickness of the order of 1-5 cm. It will act as a catalyst for the thermochemical processes occurring in the boiler.

Boiler design features

1 - exhaust pipe damper (external gate) 2 - cover of large oxidizing pipes 3 - small oxidizing pipes 4 - combustion chamber door 5 - internal gate 6 - injector opening 7 - revision cover 8 - condensate drain pipe 9 - supply and return pipes 10 - water drain pipe 11 - safety group pipe boiler12 - exhaust pipe flange

The unit itself is assembled from 2 main chambers. The pyrolysis process takes place in the lower chamber, and the resulting pyrolysis gases are burned in the compartment installed at the top. The upper section is additionally divided into 2 sections using a horizontal partition.

The boiler is equipped with regulators in the amount of three pieces, namely:

• small pipes. These elements are installed below the boiler door. These oxidizer pipes are needed to change the power of the heating unit by changing the volume of air supplied;
• top slider. This element is placed on the upper heat generating branch pipe. Allows you to adjust the main characteristics of the boiler by changing the speed of smoke removal;
• central slider. Mounted on the front of the unit. Thanks to this device, smoke in the boiler room will be prevented.

A block is installed above the fuel combustion compartment, through which secondary air enters the chamber, which is necessary for the afterburning of pyrolysis gases. The design of this unit includes swirlers, thanks to which the most uniform distribution of heated air throughout the chamber space is ensured.

The flue gases move towards the exit from the chamber. At this stage, there is a very intensive transfer of their heat in favor of the coolant used. As a result, the combustion products cool down to about 140 degrees.

Additionally, the boiler is equipped with an external heat-insulating layer and a special water jacket. Thanks to these devices, it is possible to reduce heat loss.

The recommended length of the flue pipe of the Popov boiler is 700 cm. When using a shorter pipe, a deterioration in draft will be noted. Try to keep the length of the horizontal section of the chimney no more than 100 cm. The "street" part of the pipe must be insulated. At the bottom of the chimney, make a hole with a door. Through it, you can conveniently clean the structure as it becomes clogged.

If desired, the boiler can be connected storage capacity for water. AT this case it is recommended to install a three-way valve. Thanks to him, the coolant will be able to pass in a smaller circle through the tank, due to which the water temperature at the return inlet to the unit will increase. This will help increase the life of the Popov boiler.

The considered heating unit can use the most various types coolants. Generally suitable for any solid fuel organic origin. The main thing is that the moisture content of the raw materials should be no more than 65%. Peat and coal are also suitable.

Modifications of boilers equipped with gas burners are available for sale, through which you can set up the operation of the unit using liquefied or main gas. However, it is better to refuse self-assembly of the gas modification of the boiler, because. This is a very responsible job that requires high qualifications. The slightest mistake can lead to life-threatening situations.

In the case of self-assembly, it is best to give preference to the classic solid fuel variation of the Popov boiler.

Do-it-yourself Popov boiler assembly manual

In the household, it is most profitable and rational to use pressed sawdust for firing the Popov boiler. This is a relatively affordable fuel, one load of which is enough for a much longer time when compared with other common coolant options.

Do-it-yourself boiler assembly is carried out in several simple steps. However, first you need to thoroughly understand the operation of the equipment, then it will be much easier to assemble it.

Raw materials are put into the furnace in several layers, each of which is carefully compacted. The denser you compact the raw material, the higher the coefficient useful action unit. Even an ordinary stove will heat much more efficiently if it is loaded with carefully dried firewood, to say nothing of Popov's pyrolysis boiler.

The simplest version of such a boiler is in many ways similar to an ordinary potbelly stove. However, the home-made unit in question, unlike a potbelly stove, can operate on one load of fuel for half a day, or even a whole day! The duration of operation depends on the volume of the loading chamber and the characteristics of the fuel used. If desired, such a boiler can be used not only for heating the house, but also for smoking various meat products.

Before starting work, collect all the accessories necessary for assembling the boiler so that in the future you will not be distracted by their search.

Popov boiler assembly kit

1. Fuel tank.
2. Steel sheets. You will need sheets with a thickness of 2-3 mm and 4-5 mm.
3. Apparatus for welding.
4. Bulgarian.
5. Rectangular pipes 6x4 cm.
6. Round pipes with a diameter of 4 and 5 cm.
7. cement mortar.
8. Bricks.

First stage

Make 2 cylinders from sheet steel. One cylinder should have a slightly larger diameter than the other. You insert the smaller cylinder into the larger one, and attach the lid on top. It can also be made independently from sheet steel. Weld the bottom underneath. The lid and bottom should be twice as thick as the tank walls. Cylinders are welded from steel 2-3 mm thick, and for the manufacture of the cover and bottom, use 4-5 mm steel.

Second phase

Prepare pipes. Products should be of such a size that they can be normally inserted into each other - this will make it easier for you to assemble Popov's boiler. Rectangular pipes are installed vertically, round pipes are welded to the boiler horizontally.

In total, two pipes will be connected to the boiler. Through one, heated water will be removed, through the second - cold liquid will be supplied. To install pipes, first prepare holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm in the walls of the boiler.

Third stage

Weld the pipes to the boiler body. Be careful, cook so that there are no cracks.

Fourth stage

Check the boiler body for leaks. It is important that the installation does not let smoke and water through. The check is extremely simple - just pour water into the pipes and monitor the condition of the system. If leaks are found, seal the holes by welding.

Fifth stage

Install assembled structure into the frame. The frame is laid out of brick. For masonry use cement mortar. If possible, this frame is recommended to be done in advance, but this is not critical.

Thus, in self assembly Popov's boiler is nothing complicated. Perform the tasks described in sequence, and you will have at your disposal an efficient, productive, reliable and cost-effective heating unit that is in no way inferior to expensive factory-made analogues.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself Popov's boiler

talkostroyka.ru

principle of operation and clear advantages

Ecology of consumption. Manor: Heating the premises in winter is one of the most important tasks that ensure comfortable conditions in him. And Popov's pyrolysis boiler has recently been gaining more and more popularity.

Heating a room in winter is one of the most important tasks that provide comfortable conditions in it. And Popov's pyrolysis boiler has recently been gaining more and more popularity. The gas boiler provides the best heating performance of the building, and also has excellent functionality and practicality in use. However, it is not always possible to use this benefit of civilization, and its prices have recently reached sky-high heights. These factors served as the starting point for the search for other types of heating their own homes.

Overview of solid fuel boilers and their shortcomings identified during the operation of the devices

Solid fuel boilers are an alternative to gas combustion plants. A variety of stoves and potbelly stoves have been known to the population of our country for quite a long time. Many of us ourselves use similar devices for heating. own sheds or garages. As an additional source of heat, these devices manifest themselves with the most better side. However, their use is associated with some inconveniences due to the principle of operation of similar objects. Among them are the following factors:

All of these solid fuel stoves provide a short-term temperature maintenance effect. In the future, they require constant attention and maintenance of the combustion process.

In addition, the efficiency of similar devices is quite low, this effect is associated with a large amount of heat contained in the combustion products and its removal through the chimney to the outside. All this leads to the fact that a significant part of the heat that could serve to heat the room is simply dissolved in the environment. At the same time, the consumption of fuel material remains significant, which is completely uneconomical from a material point of view.

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Popov's oven: principle of operation and clear advantages

An alternative to similar devices is Popov's solid fuel boiler, based on the use of the pyrolysis effect. What does this mean? The design of the combustion chamber of this device is made practically sealed, i.e., the access of oxygen to it is strictly limited. It is no secret to anyone that oxygen is necessary for a full-fledged combustion process, otherwise it simply will not occur.

Based on this factor, the minimum air intake into the combustion chamber is still provided. However, its amount is so negligible that full-fledged combustion does not occur. Instead, there is a procedure of slow smoldering of solid fuel. Heat transfer in this case has significantly lower rates than with full-fledged combustion of materials. But due to its design, this difference is almost imperceptible.

Popov's stove contains one secret embedded in its design. It consists in the re-combustion of exhaust gases. What does this mean? During the slow decay of wood, which is the main fuel element used in this stove, a significant amount of smoke is released, which contains some unused fuel. It is he who is redirected to the next compartment, where he is reused.

As a result of this process, it is partially burned and the heat transfer of the entire device is increased. Remains of double-processed fuel are discharged outside through the chimney. Ultimately, the Popov furnace gives excellent performance with a relatively small consumption of solid fuel. All these factors make it possible to single out and structure the advantages of this device over other similar devices. They look like this and in the best possible way characterize the qualities of this furnace:

The above qualities made the Popov oven one of the most functional solid fuel devices that exist today. Its heat transfer characteristics and relatively low wood consumption allow us to talk about the optimal qualities of this device.

Do-it-yourself Popov pyrolysis oven: main components

As for the device of a similar furnace, it is quite straightforward. This is one of her main secrets, allowing you to assemble the Popov oven with your own hands. The schematic diagram of this device contains a clear drawing, according to which its creation can be carried out as soon as possible.

This furnace consists of the following components, which together form a unique functional product, characterized by high qualities of heat generation and distribution. The set of parts from which the furnace itself is formed looks like this:

The sturdy base serves as the lower part of the primary combustion chamber, into which the solid fuel is directly loaded.

It is usually made of thick-walled metal, which has maximum strength characteristics. The combustion chamber itself is reproduced on top of the base. It is practically no different from the designs of any other similar devices, with the exception of the exhaust gases that do not enter the chimney, but into the recycling chamber located one level above the primary compartment. There it is processed, and its residues are discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney. published by econet.ru

econet.ru

Do-it-yourself gas-generating boiler: the principle of operation and design, plan and drawings - how to do it yourself?

In the absence of gas, coal and cheap electricity, the problem of heat supply can be solved with the help of efficient heating installations operating on wood - logs, waste, pressed briquettes. Such units are gas-generating boilers, the design of which differs from the conventional ones, working on wood, coal and other solid fuels.

The principle of operation and design of heating installations

Boiler of this type equipped with a firebox consisting of two parts:

• The first is the loading chamber, in which, with insufficient air, the wood fuel decomposes into a solid residue (charcoal) and a volatile component, the so-called pyrolysis gas. The process of pyrolysis occurs with the release of heat, which dries the fuel and heats the air entering the combustion zone.
• Secondary air is supplied to the combustion chamber. Mixing pyrolysis gas and oxygen at high temperature causes the gas to ignite. During combustion, pyrolysis gas reacts with active carbon, so that flue gases entering the atmosphere contain practically no harmful components.

Attention! Gas-fired wood burning boilers are characterized by low soot formation, so they need to be cleaned much less frequently than traditional solid fuel installations.

The main disadvantages of this heating equipment are energy dependence and restrictions on fuel moisture. The advantages include its ability to work on one tab for a long period - more than 12 hours.

As fuel, these installations use logs with a diameter of 100-250 mm and a length of up to 450 mm. Dimensions fuel briquettes should not exceed 300x30 mm. Veste with logs and briquettes, you can use small debris, the volume of which should not exceed 30% of the volume of the loading chamber.

Advice! The drier the fuel, the more power the unit will produce and the longer its service life will be.

Possibility of self-manufacturing of the unit

The high prices for pyrolysis-type solid fuel equipment explain the desire of many consumers to make a gas-generating boiler with their own hands, drawings and detailed description on it, as a rule, are provided in a paid version.

One of the schemes was developed by designer Belyaev and involves the creation of a unit capable of providing thermal power about 40 kW. Air acts as a heat carrier in this system.

For the manufacture of a pyrolysis-type unit, you will need: a sheet 4 mm thick and pipes, the wall thickness of which must also be at least 4 mm, profile pipes, rod with a diameter of 20 mm, asbestos cord, fasteners. For the manufacture of the lining of the heating installation, fireclay bricks are needed. To ensure the efficient operation of the unit and its convenient operation it is necessary to purchase thermostatic automation and centrifugal fan.

A do-it-yourself gas-generating boiler can be created using the scheme of the inventor Yu.P. The unit is called Blago.

This heating installation provides long-term combustion of wood fuel with the formation of the maximum amount of heat.

Attention! In the Blago apparatus, the bottom of the fuel bins is completely covered with grates. This design contributes high level heat of combustion of fuel and a long burning period with natural draft. Also, this device allows you to increase the volume of the fuel bunker without reducing efficiency.

Important advantages of the Blago boiler are its non-volatility and ensuring complete combustion of compounds of phenolic groups - resins, alcohols, essential oils.

The rails installed in the combustion chamber serve as excellent heat accumulators. Firewood, coal, sawdust, peat briquettes are used as fuel for Blagodarov's heating installations.

Pyrolysis plants of small manufacturers

If you cannot afford to make a pyrolysis unit on your own, and imported models are too expensive, then you can purchase a small-scale production unit. In the latter case, a number of rules must be followed:

• Request a license to manufacture this equipment. The license is not a complete guarantee of the purchase of reliable and efficient products, but the risk of purchasing low-quality equipment is significantly reduced.
• Estimate appearance unit, the quality of welds. If possible, look under the decorative trim.

Attention! For the internal walls of the installation, metal with a thickness of at least 4 mm must be used.

• If ceramics were used in the production, then it is necessary to clarify the price of replacing the nozzle, which can be up to a third of the cost of the pyrolysis unit.
• Determine which heating system is intended for this equipment- open or closed.

Advice! The ideal option is to receive feedback from a consumer who has been using this equipment for more than a year.

For example, bastion gas-generating boilers, according to the owners, work quite normally in brick housing construction, even in regions with cold winters. Although the duration of burning on one bookmark in the winter is approximately 5-6 hours.

Pyrolysis boilers must be purchased with some margin of power. This is due to the fact that consumers are not always able to get perfectly dry fuel.

Advice! When purchasing or creating a gas-fired heating installation, it should be remembered that it is advisable to install units of this design in a separate room. This is a solid propellant apparatus, and when it is loaded, fuel fragments can scatter around the boiler room. The chimney for a 40 kW unit must have a diameter of at least 200 mm. It is necessary to insulate it along the entire height.

Do-it-yourself battery with a heating element

Pyrolysis boilers are solid fuel boilers. Their job is to gasify the fuel. They are also called gas-generating boilers. One of the most economical devices of this type is the Popov pyrolysis boiler (Fig. 1), the operation of which is possible both on gas and coal, wood, and can be used as a waste disposer.

The operation is as follows: under the influence of high temperature and a small amount of air in the upper loading chamber, firewood releases gas. Gas, with the help of a smoke exhauster, is drawn into the lower chamber, where it mixes with air. A combustion process takes place, from where part of the heat returns to the lower layer of firewood and supports pyrolysis. Usually, the body of the device is made of steel, and the firebox is lined with heat-resistant ceramics or pieces of brick.

Pyrolysis boilers have high efficiency, almost 90%. Fuel combustion absolute, emission toxic substances minimum. Such units are very popular not in the territory of European countries.

The essence of the work of the heating device Popov

Thermal decomposition is the basis of boiler operation. The formation of combustible components of methanol, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ethylene, pyrolose resin occurs due to limited air access during fuel burnout. At high temperatures (average 300 degrees), the fuel decomposes. The decomposition products enter the afterburning chamber, where they completely decompose, releasing a large amount of heat. Heat is supplied to the coolant through the heat exchange surfaces. In the picture you can see the heating unit from the inside (Fig. 2).

The advantages of boilers include:

• sufficiently long functioning only on one bookmark of firewood;
• environmentally friendly operation (no emission of toxic substances);
• long service life;
• simple maintenance;
• high thermal efficiency;
• opportunity to work on different form solid fuel and wet fuel;
• the presence of ash in a minimum amount;
• combustion of a large amount of fuel at a time.

The operation of this heating system, using mechanical adjustment, does not depend on electricity. Maintaining the temperature is possible with an incredible accuracy of half a degree. Depending on the volume of the combustion chamber, the fuel is laid once or twice for 24 hours. Smoke exhausters are necessary so that the draft is sufficient. Therefore, the chimney must be properly arranged.

As for the ash, its removal does not need to be completely cleaned - you can leave a layer of up to 5 cm. It is also pleasing that cleaning is possible during the operation of the pyrolysis unit. It also serves to protect pipes from oxidation.

The operation of the Popov boiler can be stopped at any time by the control system. Chimney pipes are protected from the collection of soot, due to the absence of carbon gases, tar. Anyone can clean up.

Application and essence of the boiler ecosystem

It is possible to use the Popov boiler for the heating process of a room of any size and design.

Such devices are heated:

• greenhouses, greenhouses and agricultural products;
• baths and saunas;
• used in emergency heating;
• sawmills and enterprises;
• cottages and houses, etc.

1. All pyrolysis boilers, including the Popov unit, do not emit carbon monoxide. This is their main advantage and difference from other heating systems.
2. Low combustion temperature does not form nitrogen oxide.
3. Filters and catalysts, cleaning, release non-toxic gases.
4. The gases at the outlet have a temperature not exceeding 140 degrees.
5. During the operation of the device at 300 kW, no smoke was noticed, which confirms the complete combustion of the fuel.
6. Smoke is possible only during the height of the pyrolysis boiler and when adjusting the heating material.

Preparation of heating raw materials

Popov's boiler can operate on wet, low-quality raw materials. But this reduces its thermal output by half. The power of the appliance remains reduced until all the moisture in the fuel has evaporated.

Training wooden material has its own secrets. It does not matter what dimensions the combustion chamber is, solid fuel for the boiler does not need to be divided into small parts, chips into chips. On the contrary, large round pads burn longer and more efficiently, reducing the preparatory consumption of material (Fig. 3).

Various waste for disposal, leaves, grass, placed in a bag, easily goes through the process of immersion into the boiler through the wide door of the unit. It is important to properly and efficiently store raw materials for the firebox so that it does not rot, mold does not start. And where and in what storage takes place is not important.

The structures of the Popov boiler?

The heating pyrolysis apparatus has no complex structure(Figure 3). The lower pyrolysis chamber and the upper gas afterburning chamber form its basis. The chamber that burns the gas is divided by a partition into two sections. The unit is equipped with a regulator under the door, on the chimney and in the center. The first regulator is represented by small oxidizer tubes. With their help, the power of the boiler is regulated through the supply of oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber. The second one at the top of the boiler helps in adjusting economic indicators by changing the rate of exhaust gases after work. With the help of the third regulating gate, the ingress of gas generator gases into the premises is prevented.

The unit that supplies secondary air to the gas afterburner chamber has folds that distribute heated air, filling the chamber. This device is located below the combustion chamber. Flue gases, moving to the outlet, contribute to active heat exchange directly with the coolant. This principle makes it possible to reduce the temperature indicators of exhaust gases (140 degrees). Experiments that were carried out during the operation of Popov's pyrolysis boilers revealed methods that help reduce heat loss from an operating heater. It is economical to apply the method of a water jacket, as well as external thermal insulation. As a result of using this kind of boiler, it has become even more economical.

Chimney

In order for the draft of the device to be full, the length of the chimney must be washed at least 7 meters, and the horizontal section of the pipe must not be longer than 1 meter. To prevent gases at the outlet from blowing back into the boiler room, the level of the chimney to the roof peak should be at least 30 cm. For convenient cleaning of the chimney, a door can be installed, which should be located at the base of the chimney.

Chimney insulation is carried out along its entire length, from all sides in contact with cold.

Popov's boiler can not only heat the space, but also be used as a boiler for heating water. If such a water tank is present, then the presence of three-way valves, circulating the coolant in a circle, is very desirable. At the inlet to the pyrolysis boiler, the coolant will be provided with a high temperature. And, due to the high temperature in the process of returning the coolant through the pipeline at the inlet to the unit, the efficiency increases, the amount of soot decreases, the life of the boiler is significantly prolonged.

Carrying out the combustion of this heating equipment on different fuels, it was found that this design can fully operate with good thermal performance up to 16 hours, with only one load of raw materials.

Service

Maintenance of the Popov boiler is not a complicated process. When it works on solid fuel material, a smoke exhauster and other devices are not required. The main thing is to build the right chimney.

The equipment does not need electrical power. The temperature is controlled mechanically, with great precision.

Fuel is added 1-2 times per 24 hours. Each subsequent filling of fuel maintains the set temperature stably. This is convenient for a large enterprise, where the stoker does not need to add raw materials every hour to maintain a stable temperature. There is no need to clean the ash every few days, the pipe does not clog and is not susceptible to thermal damage. To stop the operation of the boiler, sand in the box is not needed, sophisticated methods, but only a system for adjusting the device.

Heating with the Popov boiler is continuous, regardless of the size of the installation. And the use of pyrolysis heating units is close to comfortable central heating.

Humidity of solid material for heating should be no higher than 65%. This applies to any type: both coal fuel and peat. There are also devices with gas burners that operate on gas lines or on reduced gas (methane, propane). Heating is possible in rooms of 200-2000 cubic meters. m. The test was also carried out by units with a power of 500 kW. Their use, in the future, is also possible in an apartment building where there is no gas.

This type heating is very economical, convenient and safe. There is no need for frequent maintenance of the device, cleaning, buying expensive raw materials in large quantities. You can heat a room not only with wood and coal, but also with paper, sticks, grassy waste, the main thing is fantasy. With a small family budget that a diesel appliance cannot afford, a gas, solid fuel pyrolysis boiler will perform all its intended functions no worse than its counterparts.