During the construction of your own house, you have to solve thousands of issues, giving preference to one or another constructive solutions and materials. Even if the work is performed by a professional firm, the responsibility for this choice lies with the customer. And when a house is built independently, then not only the coordination of the project, but also its implementation falls on the shoulders of the homeowner.
In the old days, the knowledge of how to build a house was handed down by word of mouth from the old generation to the new one. Moreover, every adult man put them into practice, creating a home for his family. Now, a person without building skills does not know how to build with his own hands. However, he can get this information on the Internet, ranging from finished projects to video instructions.
Appearance and benefits
The four-pitched roof, which is also called the hip roof, consists of 4 inclined planes, slopes and a rectangular base. Two of them have a trapezoidal shape, they are located on the sides, and the end slopes resemble triangles and are located where the gables would be on a gable roof. Dormer or dormer windows, cuckoos, bay windows are placed on the slopes, which makes the appearance of such a roof even more interesting.
Those who are going to build a hipped roof with their own hands explain this choice by its advantages:
Create a project
Before starting construction, it is necessary to create its project and drawings in order to avoid errors in the installation process. After the length and width of the house is determined, the following calculations are made:
The composition of the truss system
To understand how to make a hipped roof, you need to know the composition of its truss system. This is a set of all supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing material lies. It includes:
Frame installation
A four-pitched roof is built quite simply, provided that you have the necessary tools and a pair of physically strong assistants. Work is performed in the following order:
Having studied the question of how to make a hipped roof at home with your own hands, you can save a lot on the wages of a hired team and be sure of the quality of the work performed. Although the design is considered complex, its assembly is quite within the power of a person with initial building skills, theoretical knowledge and the desire to build a house on their own!
Video instruction
The laboriousness of work in the construction of a hipped roof is not much higher than a conventional gable roof, but this does not mean that a hipped roof is built with your own hands as simply as a regular one, with two symmetrical slopes. The main difficulty is that a pitched roof requires very precise engineering and knowledge of technology, especially if you do not have good practice in building this kind of roof.
Why is a house with a four-pitched roof better than a two-pitched version
Why is an ordinary gable roof arranged mainly on simple outbuildings, and for residential premises a four-slope roof is chosen:
- The appearance of the four-pitched roof option looks much prettier and sleeker than the double structure;
- Even a simple hipped roof resists the elements much better due to smoother contours and aerodynamics. Even in the strongest wind, the frame rafters remain almost evenly loaded, due to the correct balancing of the diagonal rafters;
- Two additional slopes better shed water, dry under the action of the wind and thereby protect the roof of the house from leaking, as is the case with straight gables. Thus, for a hipped roof, significantly higher thermal insulation and frost resistance are achieved.
Important! The roof structure in four slopes, in contrast to the "kopeck piece", has a high degree of adaptation.
For a climate with a lot of precipitation, the Danish version with steep main slopes and two hips is perfect; for a steppe zone with strong winds, a low tent frame with large overhangs and an average angle of inclination.
The most convenient will be the use of a hipped roof in houses where the attic space is not allocated as a residential area, but is used for household purposes. Due to the appearance of two additional slopes, the space and usable area of the attic is reduced by about 25%. But if desired, and of sufficient size of the attic room, instead of an attic, you can equip a small room, even with windows and a balcony, as in the photo.
But in this case, instead of a simple system of vertical posts on which the ridge run rests, in the construction of a hipped roof, you will need to install additional horizontal beams - crossbars, which will play the role of a ceiling for the attic room.
How to make a pitched roof
First of all, it is worth figuring out how a 4-pitched roof differs in detail from a double-pitched option.
The main difference between a 4-slope truss system and a double symmetrical roof
Differences in design will be most evident in the diagram with a simple rectangular version of the hipped roof shown in the photo:
Important! Most of the elements of the additional slopes require a very careful fit, so often the diagonal rafters and rafters are assembled with a preliminary “tack” on self-tapping screws, and only after the final adjustment they are replaced with a bolted connection or knocked down with nails.
Do-it-yourself hipped roof, sequence of work
The most difficult part in the construction of the truss roof system is the stage of hanging the diagonal rafters. Firstly, the angle of inclination of the diagonal rafters and the pressure with which they rest on the ridge run must be equal to the parameters of the pair of slant beams on the other side. The areas of the slopes and the angles of inclination in the hipped roof must be absolutely equal.
Secondly, an imaginary line drawn between the junction points or the vertices of the triangles formed by the diagonal rafters on both sides must pass exactly along the axis of the ridge run beam, both horizontally and vertically. Correctly aligning and adjusting the position of the diagonal rafters is the main difficulty in assembling a pitched roof.
At the stage of preparing the assembly of a hipped roof, a board or Mauerlat beam is laid, while it is important to carefully align the plane of the board with the horizon. A preliminary marking of places for the installation of side rafters, trussed supports and puffs is applied to the Mauerlat. The installation of a hipped roof is greatly simplified if a reinforced concrete slab is used as a ceiling.
After laying out and fastening the puffs, a ridge frame or “bench” is assembled. In fact, this is a ridge beam mounted on vertical racks. Longitudinal and transverse struts are sewn to the racks, which ensure the stability of the frame until the rafters of the hip slopes are assembled.
Before laying out the diagonal rafters, the ridge frame must be supported with a pair of temporary beams, which are attached to the Mauerlat and to the extreme rack of the "bench". This will prevent the ridge frame from tipping over under the pressure of the diagonal rafters on the other side.
Next is the hardest part. First, the real length of each of the sloping beams is determined, for this, a nail is hammered at the fulcrum at the end of the ridge beam and the length from the nail to the fulcrum on the Mauerlat is measured with a cord. Before installing the diagonals, each of the rafters is measured and cut along its length of the cord.
Having installed the braided elements on the Mauerlat, they determine the line of contact and washed down the contact surface. Having cut the plane of the support of the sloping beams, they are laid on the end of the ridge run.
The lower ends of the diagonal beams are installed in the corner joint of the Mauerlat beam with undercutting of the supporting surface of the beam according to the above scheme. Sometimes the shape of the undercut is made according to the template, but it is more reliable to mark the line washed down manually.
Ideally, an imaginary vertical plane drawn through any sloping rafter should be parallel to the plane of the sloping beam located on the opposite side of the pitched roof.
If everything is done correctly, the two diagonal rafters of the hipped roof will be exactly in the axis of the ridge beam. To avoid deflection, sufficiently long windrows, it is necessary to install struts and trussed supports with the installation of temporary fasteners from self-tapping screws. Similarly, rafters are installed from the opposite slope and the elements are aligned with maximum accuracy. To increase the rigidity of the hip slopes, several sprigs are cut out and installed at the edges of the diagonal beams.
After they proceed to the laying of ordinary truss beams. Mounting on the Mauerlat is carried out with a standard bolt-nut connection or using steel corners. In the upper part, the rafter board is usually cut down according to the pattern and laid on the ridge beam.
Usually, after hanging the rows on the ridge run and the Mauerlat, additional crossbars are installed in the upper part, which reduce the bursting effect of the hipped roof frame. After installing all the rafters and aligning the main power elements of the four-slope frame, they proceed to the main fastening of all rafters on the Mauerlat and ridge run.
At the next stage, struts are installed and fastened under ordinary rafters, triangular slopes are “driven” with outdoor beams. Each of the sprigs is cut to its length according to the scheme below and installed in a checkerboard pattern, this avoids weakening the beam due to the coincidence of the cuts on opposite sides.
All elements are fastened with nails, self-tapping screws and bolted connections with overhead steel plates and corners.
Final operations
After assembling the main frame of the hipped roof, fillies are stuffed into the ends of the rafters - short boards that form a row of roof overhangs along the wall. At the ends of the filly, the cut line is measured, cut so that the ends are in the same plane, and the cornice board is sewn on. The lower part of the filly is lined with a clapboard or an ordinary board.
After processing the wood of the beams with an antiseptic composition, they proceed to stuffing the boards of the crate. The thickness of the boards, the amount of material and the nailing points are chosen based on what kind of roof they plan to lay on a given hipped roof.
Conclusion
The four-pitched roof is deservedly considered one of the most convenient and practical roof structures. If you are going to build a four-slope version with your own hands, in addition to the correct calculation of the structure, you will need experience in leveling and adjusting the position of each of the beams. Therefore, it would be right to get the necessary experience and skill in working with hipped roofs from more experienced craftsmen.
A four-pitched roof (hip) is one of the most popular roof structures in the field of private housing construction. The roof of the four-pitched type, in contrast to the gable roof structures, has additional triangular slopes. How to make your own hipped roof? To do this, you first need to study its design features, construction technology. After creating a roof project: calculate the required amount of building material, create drawings with the exact placement of all structural elements, and indicate other points.
In this article
Types of hipped roof structures
- A hip roof is a classic version of a four-pitched roof with two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes.
- Half-hip roof structure - a hip roof, in which the slopes of a triangular shape are shortened. This option is used in the presence of an attic.
- Hipped roof - the roof structure resembles a pyramid, all four slopes are triangular in shape. It is used to cover buildings of a square design, you can make a hipped roof for a gazebo.
Advantages of using a four-pitched (hip) roof
The construction of a four-pitched roof consists of a rectangular base, four inclined planes, slopes, two of which are trapezoidal in shape, and two are triangular, located in the area where the gables are located on the gable roof structure. Attic, dormers, bay windows, cuckoos are installed on the slopes. This gives the roof a special look.
The main advantages of using a hipped roof structure
- Due to the absence of gables, such a roof is more stable than a gable roof against strong wind loads, therefore it is recommended for construction in regions where strong gusty winds prevail.
- A greater number of slopes helps more effectively in terms of the removal of melt, rainwater and snow. On such structures, snow is practically not retained.
- Under this design, you can equip a fairly spacious attic room.
- Another important plus of a hipped roof is the affordable cost of construction due to the use of wood building material for arranging the truss system, on which you can lay roofing at any price.
Creation of a hip roof project
How to build a hipped roof with your own hands? To do this, you must first prepare a design project with drawings and detailed details of its installation. To correctly determine the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, you need to carefully study the recommendations of the roofing manufacturer, climatic conditions. For example, for slate, the recommended slope angle can be from 15 to 60 degrees, for a rolled soft roof - up to 18 degrees, for tiles - 30-60 degrees.
Important! Of great importance is the amount of precipitation in winter. With intense snowfall, it is better to make the slopes steeper so that the snow calmly rolls off the roof.
Having selected the optimal pitched angle of the roof for your region, it is necessary to calculate the height of the ridge and its other parameters. When calculating the rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the length of the rafters, the cross section of the wooden beam, the size of the run, the installation step.
When creating a hipped roof project, the following loads must also be taken into account:
- the mass of the roofing material used, the coating as a whole;
- weight of waterproofing, insulating coating;
- the amount of annual precipitation;
- wind, snow load;
- arrangement of additional elements on the roof: skylights, lanterns, antennas, etc.
Important! Having calculated all possible loads on the roof structure, it is necessary to add some margin of safety, which will guarantee the stability of the roof in unforeseen circumstances.
Also, all purchased lumber for the construction of the truss system must first be treated with an antiseptic.
truss system
The design of a hipped roof involves the choice of a certain section of the components of the truss system. The cross section is selected depending on the calculation of the expected loads on the rafter system during the operational period. In this case, wind, snow loads, the used angle of inclination of roof slopes are necessarily taken into account.
It is imperative to provide for a margin of safety for the rafters, calculate the step, taking into account their bearing capacity. The design of the rafter system is selected in relation to the parameters of the building: it is recommended to use inclined rafters if there are columnar supports, an internal load-bearing wall. If there is no possibility of forming such a supporting structure, then it is necessary to equip a hanging type truss system. For some types of buildings, both options for truss systems are used.
When creating a project, it is necessary not only to choose the right rafter system, but also to determine the need for additional fastening elements, for example, puffs, braces, which give the structure greater rigidity, prevent it from loosening after long-term operation, and also reduce the percentage of load on the rafters themselves .
Load calculation
Considering in detail how to make a hipped roof on your own, it is recommended to pay special attention to the calculations of possible loads on the roof structure.
Types of possible loads on the roof:
- loads that constantly affect the roof - this is the mass of the lathing, protective materials (waterproofing, insulation), roofing material;
- temporary (non-permanent) loads - the mass of snow accumulated on the roof in winter, wind loads, other environmental impacts;
- additional loads are additional elements fixed on the rafters, for example, a water tank, ventilation system chambers, etc. (additional elements should also be taken into account in the process of creating a project, calculating the truss system).
When designing a rafter system, two calculations are made, one of which is aimed at analyzing the strength (you need to make sure that the system is able to withstand the expected loads). Another calculation is aimed at analyzing the possible deformation of all elements of the roof.
After making all the provided calculations, drawings of the truss system of the hipped (mansard) roof are made. A detailed diagram should contain the dimensions of each component, as well as the method of their fastening.
Today, it is possible to significantly simplify the calculations for the truss system of a four-pitched roof structure using a computer program, which will also help prevent accidental errors.
The final stage in the arrangement of a hipped (mansard) roof is its insulation. For this, it is recommended to use expanded polystyrene or basalt wool. Insulating material is placed between the rafters. It is also necessary to put a layer of waterproofing to protect the roof from moisture.
Eventually
A four-pitched roof is a rather complicated structure for do-it-yourself construction. Therefore, before you start covering your house with roofing material on your own, you should thoroughly study the technology of erecting such a structure, consult with experts in this field. From how correctly and efficiently all stages of the construction of the roof will be carried out, the duration of its service life will depend in the future.
Presentable appearance, reliability, durability - all this is a hipped roof, the drawing, calculation and installation of which, of course, is quite difficult to do on your own, but you can always turn to qualified specialists for help.
A noticeable advantage of hipped roofs is that it is very convenient to equip attic floors in such buildings. The premises are very comfortable and spacious, ideal for living, unlike houses, for example, with gable roofs.
Currently, more and more buildings made according to such a plan began to appear. The advantage of a multi-pitched roof is the possibility of using it on completely different buildings, from a bathhouse to a large private cottage.
Houses with hipped roofs look really solid and expensive, and therefore, you should not spare time and money for its arrangement.
The main types of hipped roofs
There are no pediments (these are the triangular completions of the facades of a building, bounded on the sides by two roof slopes, and at the base by a cornice) on such a roof there are no, and attic windows are placed in the slopes.
This roof is much more economical than a gable roof in terms of the cost of wall building materials, but the inclined ribs at the junctions of the hips and frontal slopes require the installation of a very complex truss structure and additional measurement and adjustment of the roofing material.
The slopes are often made with different levels of inclination, due to which the silhouette of a sloping roof is created.
- Semi-hip (Danish) design. It differs from the previous one in the presence of a pediment, which has a small hip at the top. Protection from wind loads in such a roof is provided by a ridge (the upper horizontal edge of the roof, formed due to the intersection of two slopes). Most often, such a roofing device is found in regions with frequent strong winds.
- Tent construction. It looks like a pyramid: four triangular slopes, converging at the tops in one place. Such roofs do not have gables; they are erected on small buildings in the form of an equilateral polygon or square. Installation of a truss system on such a roof is very difficult.
Creating a pitched roof project
Before starting work on the arrangement of the roof, it is necessary to design it, carry out calculations for the structure, and also create its drawing.
The project of a hipped roof provides that the slope of the slopes of such a roof can be in the range from 5 to 60 degrees. It depends on atmospheric loads, the purpose of the attic and the type of roofing materials used.
In areas with frequent and heavy precipitation, the slope of the slopes should be significant (from 45 to 60 degrees). In regions with strong winds and rare rains, the slope of the slopes is usually made much less.
If the angle of inclination is approximately 5-18 degrees, the use of a roll coating is recommended; 14-60 - asbestos-cement sheets, roofing metal; 30-60 - tiles.
The height of the roof ridge is calculated using a trigonometric expression for right triangles.
Calculation of rafters is the beginning of drawing up the entire project of the house. Their cross section is determined depending on the expected load (weight of truss structures, roof pie, external influences), and the degree of slope of the roof. With the help of calculations, the step between the rafters is also determined, their bearing capacity is checked.
The plan of the rafters of a four-pitched roof provides for which rafters it is advisable to use - layered or hanging. It also turns out whether additional elements are needed: braces, puffs, etc.
If it happens that the standard lumber parameters are not suitable for the future roof, you can modify them. For example, you can lengthen the rafters or double the beams. You can also use glued or type-setting rafter legs (they are noticeably more powerful and longer than usual).
The impact of loads on the rafter system
The rafters are subjected to constant (mass of roofing, battens, rafters, etc.) and temporary (wind, precipitation) loads. The main design parameter of snow load, adopted in Russia for the middle lane, is 180 kg / m?. A snow bag can increase this figure to 400-450 kg/m².
If the roof slope is greater than 60 degrees, the snow load is not taken into account.
The standard design value of the wind load for central Russia is 35kg/m².
If the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, the wind correction is not taken into account in the drawing.
The load parameters are adjusted for local climate conditions through special coefficients. The total mass of the roof is calculated based on the amount of materials used and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe structure.
Payload indicators for the system are included in the calculations if ceilings are suspended from the trusses, water-heating tanks, ventilation chambers, etc. are installed.
It is obligatory to calculate the strength of the rafters and the degree of possible deformation under various conditions.
The most commonly used as rafters are: a rectangular beam with a section corresponding to the calculated loads, boards with parameters 5x15, 5x20 cm.
Most often, the choice is stopped on softwood lumber (spruce, pine) with a moisture content in the range of 18-22%, treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.
To increase the rigidity and stability of the geometry of the truss system of a multi-pitched roof, steel elements are sometimes introduced.
Installation and installation of the truss system
Before proceeding with the installation, you need to select the necessary materials and tools. In addition, it would be nice to get a drawing of the entire structure on paper. Of the materials you will definitely need: thermal insulation (mineral wool, for example), waterproofing, vapor barrier, wooden beams, roofing material, wood for the crate. Required tools: drill, screwdriver, hammer, nails, self-tapping screws, level, tape measure, measuring stick, etc.
The scheme of a hipped roof assumes the presence of rafters, support beams, braces, and other elements necessary to stiffen the entire structure.
Rafters having a cross section of 5 × 15 cm will add reliability to the structure. When you go shopping for lumber for rafters, don't go for wet, twisted, or severely flawed lumber.
Roofing is always done from the bottom up. First of all, support beams (Mauerlat) are laid, on which rafters are subsequently installed. So you get a lower frame, which should extend beyond the walls by 40-50 cm. It is not desirable that the rafters protrude from the edges of the walls exceed the limits specified above, otherwise the object will look inharmonious.
Do not forget to check the correct installation using the building level.
If the building has wooden walls, support beams are not needed, since the upper crown of the log house will act as a Mauerlat.
After that, frame rafter legs are installed from each corner of the building, they are called oblique (diagonal). The upper parts of the rafter legs, if necessary, can be supported by a system of braces and racks. Their main task is to unload the rafters by redistributing the load along the internal walls or supporting pillars, and also to give the entire structure sufficient rigidity.
Special care should be taken with the attachment points of the rafter legs to the Mauerlat. These are the main points that are responsible for the strength of the truss system as a whole. The overhang of a hipped roof is regulated by the length of the diagonal rafters.
A special table of coefficients will help in the work with the length ratios presented in it and the laying of the rafters for different slopes of the roof slope. In one of its columns, the coefficients for intermediate ones are indicated, in the other - for the corner rafter legs. In order to calculate the required length of the rafter, multiply the laying by the coefficient. You can easily find such a table on the Internet.
In those places where there are no load-bearing walls, the heels of the rafters can be placed on the longitudinal beams (side runs). In addition, a beam is mounted in the center, it is mounted on three supports: in the middle and at both ends.
If you have a large roof area, you can not do without the arrangement of truss trusses, which will take on part of the load from the rafters. Sprengel trusses need puffs on which they will rely. Sometimes they can be fixed on existing transverse or longitudinal beams.
The parameters associated with the height and degree of slope of the roof are determined precisely by the height of the rafters and the horizontal upper beam (ridge run).
After installing the guide rafters, proceed to the construction of the main frame. Attach the inclined (outdoor) rafters to the support beams, as well as to the ridge run.
They should be installed in increments of 40-50 cm, no more. If the gaps are too large, the rafter system may not withstand the loads from the snow that has fallen. The scheme of the truss roof system must take into account this fact.
Fasten the inclined rafters together at a distance of about a meter from the upper rafter beam. This can be done using boards with a cross section of at least 4 * 12 cm.
It is not necessary to select outdoor rafters strictly in length, because they will most likely have to be cut. The main thing is to make sure that they are not too short.
- in order to reduce the likelihood of errors to a minimum, use not a tape measure, but a special measuring rod when measuring;
- mark the center line along the top trim of the end wall. After that, measure half the thickness of the ridge beam, draw the placement line of the first of all the central intermediate rafters;
- align the end of the lath and the placement line of the rafter that you marked a little earlier. On the other end of the measuring rail, copy the line of the inner contour of the side wall (thus you will lay the intermediate rafter). Transfer the line of the outer contour of the wall and the overhang of the roof to the measuring rail;
- to determine the future location of the second of the central rafters, move the measuring rail to the side of the wall, transfer the desired position of the rafters to it from the inner corner of the upper trim;
- repeat the entire algorithm of actions in each of the corners. Following this scheme, you will determine the location of the ends of the ridge beam, as well as all the central intermediate rafters.
After installing the truss system in accordance with the plan, they make a crate, vapor barrier, waterproofing, counter-lattice, as well as roof insulation.
The final stage of the construction of a hipped roof
After installing the entire structure, a hipped roof (like any other) provides for the creation of a crate. For this purpose, wooden boards with a thickness of 50 or 40 mm are used. The main thing is that the material is of high quality and well dried.
Before installing the crate, it is necessary to lay a film that insulates the roof from steam and moisture. Such a film is attached with a stapler. In addition, in no case should you lose sight of the thermal insulation that should be equipped in the attic. Thermal insulation is necessary to maintain a normal temperature in the building. And after that, the installation of a hipped roof is carried out.
And the last stage is laying the roofing. You are not limited in choice, be guided by your own taste, material capabilities and design features of your roof. The main thing is to attach the material firmly enough, carefully, so that rain cannot penetrate into the room through the joints, and the wind cannot tear off fragments of the roof.
The scheme of the hip roof truss system is very complex, as has been said more than once above, but do not be afraid of it. The most important thing is to make all the calculations and measurements correctly, and also not to make a mistake with the markup. Having thoroughly understood this once, you can easily repeat a similar construction. Of course, it will be quite difficult for one person to cope with the amount of work ahead, so a couple of assistants will not hurt.
The rafter system is a combination of all the supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing pie lies. The ability of the roof to withstand wind and snow loads, to protect the interior from water and cold depends on the strength and reliability of this foundation. In order not to resort to the expensive services of companies that perform roofing work professionally, we will tell you what the truss system consists of, what materials will be required for its manufacture and how to assemble it.
Types of hipped roofs
The name "four-pitched" combines several types of roofs, consisting of four planes, slopes:
Despite external differences, the truss systems of a hipped roof are made up of the same elements, guided by the same rules.
Types of truss systems
The roof truss system of a four-slope type takes on a different look, depending on the initial conditions: the area of \u200b\u200bthe house to be covered and the internal layout. There are three types:
Which type of rafter system is suitable for a particular house is determined during the design period, making calculations and drawing up drawings.
Calculation of the slope of the slopes and the height of the ridge
The drafting of the truss system of a hipped roof begins with calculations that determine the geometry of the future structure:
To facilitate the process of designing a gable roof truss system, special computer calculator programs can be used, which require only the entry of initial data: the size of the house, the number of slopes.
Load calculation
The next design stage is the determination of the composition of the elements of the truss system and their section. To do this, perform the calculation of the loads to which the four-slope structure is subjected. They are divided into three types:
Summing up the values of all loads, determine the total, which, depending on the roofing material used, can reach 180-250 kg per square meter. Based on this figure, the number of elements of the truss system and their cross section are determined, referring to the reference table. It is more convenient to calculate more complex systems in special programs, the result of which is a finished scheme of a four-pitched roof truss system.
Main elements
The truss system of a hipped roof consists of many components, mandatory and auxiliary:
- Mauerlat. A beam with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, evenly distributing the load along the perimeter of the bearing walls. The difference between a hipped roof is that its installation requires four Mauerlats, and not two, as for a gable roof.
- Sill. A beam that serves as a support for racks, which is used in a layered truss system. He, like the Mauerlat, distributes the weight of the roof, but is located on the inner load-bearing wall.
- Rafter legs. Elements from boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm, which carry the roofing cake and set the geometry of the slopes. In the construction of hipped roofs, ordinary, layered and outdoor rafters are used. Privates are located in pairs along the ridge run, forming trapezoidal slopes. Skew, diverging from the ridge to the two corners of the house, form end triangular slopes. And the outdoor rafters rest with their upper part on the layered ones and have different lengths.
- Skate ride. A beam resting on vertical posts to which rafters are attached. This is the highest point of the roof.
- Racks. Vertical supports that are installed on the bed. They support the ridge run or the middle of the rafter leg.
- Struts. Bars that are installed at an angle to the rafter legs to prevent their deflection.
- Drawbar and bolt. Horizontal lintels made of wood or metal connecting pairs of rafter legs, reducing the bursting load on the walls. The crossbar is installed at the top of the rafters, in the puff at the bottom, often used as floor beams.
- Sprengel farms. Sprengel - vertical riser for slanted rafters. If there is nothing to rest against, a puff is installed between two adjacent sides of the house and a sprengel is attached using metal corners.
- Crate. The basis for a flooring of roofing material. If the boards are nailed without gaps, the construction of the crate is called solid. And if the boards alternate with a small gap - trellised. The scheme of the lathing depends on the type of roofing material.
- Eaves. Part of the rafters, which protrudes 40-50 cm beyond the perimeter of the house, protecting it from moisture.
Assembling the truss system
Having a drawing of the truss system in hand, you can begin assembly work. Since mainly natural wood is used as the material, it will not be superfluous to treat it with a deep penetration antiseptic to protect it from moisture and bacteria. Roofing craftsmen pay attention to a number of features that should be considered when installing a hipped roof truss system:
A well-designed and high-quality assembled truss system is the basis for the long-term operation of a hipped roof, which will become a reliable protection from the weather, whether it is hip or hip!
Video instruction
