Tee-sandwich revision with a cap for the insulated chimney alliance st. How to assemble a chimney Construction of stainless steel chimneys

No matter how great the desire to save on the arrangement of the chimney is, fire safety is paramount in this matter. Homeowners know that any spark that accidentally flies out of a chimney can cause a fire and loss of life. The safest options in this regard have always been considered brick, ceramic and asbestos-cement options, bulky and expensive.

The construction market provides a worthy alternative - stainless steel chimneys. They are not inferior either in terms of service life or in safety to more expensive counterparts, they are distinguished by a lightweight installation, a variety of elements with which a chimney of any configuration is created.

Stainless steel chimney

Performance

Steel chimneys are built from additional elements, connecting them together to make a pipe through which fuel combustion products are removed from the heat-generating device to the street.

In the production of chimneys, high-quality alloyed metal is used, which has high anti-corrosion characteristics and can withstand high temperatures.

Please note that steel grades 321 and 316Ti have the best performance characteristics, the operating temperature of which is 850 degrees. They have excellent acid resistance and anti-corrosion properties. However, a steel pipe chimney for extreme conditions of use, for example, in a sauna or bath, is made of elite metal of the 310S brand, which tolerates temperatures up to 1000 degrees.

The selection is based on three parameters: thickness, diameter and shape. The most common form is considered cylindrical, since the installation of pipes of a different geometry provokes the subsidence and accumulation of soot deposits on their inner walls.

The diameter is chosen based on the size of the inlet pipe of the heating boiler and the design thrust force inside the chimney system. The required pipe thickness depends on the type of fuel used: for solid fuel appliances - 1 mm or more, for gas appliances - more than 0.5 mm, for liquid fuels - at least 0.8 mm.

Varieties

It begins with the selection of the type of pipe that is best suited for specific conditions. The following varieties are on sale:

single circuit

The so-called mono-tubes consist of a single layer of alloy steel, the layer thickness of which is about 0.5 mm, and the working temperature is 500 degrees.

The scope of such pipes is limited, their installation is possible only indoors, since due to the lack of an insulating layer, a single-circuit chimney freezes in the winter, contributes to the deposition of condensate and soot on the inner walls.

Sandwich pipes

In building terminology, they are also known as thermal systems, two- or three-layer pipes with insulation laid between layers of steel. The working temperature of the double-circuit pipe for the steel alloy chimney is up to 850 degrees.

For thermal insulation of such a chimney, heaters based on mineral wool, in particular, basalt fiber, are used. They protect the sandwich pipes from condensation and also keep heat inside, reducing fuel consumption.

For most regions of Russia, professional builders recommend the use of double-circuit sandwich pipes. They are indispensable if external installation with an exit through the wall is planned according to the project.

However, remember that stainless steel is installed after the chimney is taken out into the street, and not immediately to the inlet pipe of the heater.

Accessories

An obvious plus of a metal chimney is that it is assembled from additional elements, connecting which you can get a pipe of almost any geometry and length. Before going to the store, it is enough to sketch out a diagram of the future chimney and select the necessary elements from the presented assortment:

Experienced builders recommend placing a steel pipe chimney vertically. Horizontal sections are allowed, however, the length is limited to 100 cm. A large number of horizontal segments reduces the traction power, so it is necessary to increase the diameter of the section of the elements.

Mounting methods

Focusing on the location of the heater in the house and the wishes of the homeowner, an alloy steel chimney is installed in the following ways:

Please note that mono systems are connected “by smoke”, that is, each subsequent element is put on the previous one. Sandwich pipes are assembled differently: the inner circuit is mounted “by smoke”, and the outer one “by condensate”. The main assembly rule for all types of pipes is the construction from the bottom up.

Video instruction

In Russia, for several hundred years, houses were heated with ordinary stoves, and chimneys did not cause much trouble. Modern heating systems that run on diesel fuel, coal or gas are fundamentally different from their predecessors.

A variety of combustion products lead to intense formation of condensate, so special attention should be paid to the arrangement of the chimney. The most popular today is a stainless steel chimney pipe, which is very resistant to aggressive substances.

Stainless steel

Stainless steel is a chromium-containing steel alloy with high anti-corrosion properties. Corrosion resistance is provided by a film of chromium oxides, which is formed by interaction with oxygen.

For the production of a stainless steel chimney pipe, material with different chromium content is used:

• Steel grade AISI 430, AISI 410 and AISI 409 contain 11% chromium. They are called ferritic and are used only in low-aggressive environments, as well as in the manufacture of dishes and decorative elements.
• In the composition of AISI 304 and AISI 321 steels in addition to 17% chromium, at least 8% nickel is included. Nickel provides the viscosity and ductility of the alloy.
  A stainless chimney pipe made of this class of material at temperatures below 450 ° C has a higher resistance to corrosion. Steels containing nickel and chromium are used for the production of chimneys with mandatory temperature restrictions.
• Heat resistant steel grade AISI 309 contain at least 25% chromium and 20% nickel. They are used for arranging chimneys of fireplaces, gas turbine plants and solid fuel boilers.
• Steel grade AISI 316, in addition to chromium, contain titanium and molybdenum. They are used for the manufacture of chimneys of almost all types.
  A stainless steel chimney pipe made of steel of this class can withstand temperatures up to 800 ° C.

When choosing, you should pay attention to the quality of the material. Steel must meet two criteria:

• high level of heat resistance;
• high level of acid resistance

Often, manufacturers offer a stainless steel pipe for the chimney brand AISI 304. It has a low cost and is suitable for arranging chimneys where wood is the predominant type of fuel.

For chimneys of boilers and stoves, where a different type of fuel (not wood) is used, a material is needed whose thickness exceeds one millimeter.

Construction of stainless steel chimneys

Stainless steel chimneys are easy to install, as the construction market offers a wide range of accessories:

• A straight section of the chimney - a stainless steel chimney pipe can be of different lengths: 0.33 meters, 0.5 meters and 1 meter. This is the basic element for arranging a chimney. It is used for mounting straight horizontal sections.
  With other components and between themselves, straight sections are connected by a socket method without the help of additional fastening.

Straight sections of the chimney can be used to line a chimney made of bricks.

• The 45° elbow consists of two pipes welded at an angle of 45°. This structural element changes the angle of inclination of the stainless steel pipe for the chimney.
  It can be installed both horizontally and vertically.

• The 90° elbow is a universal element. It consists of four rotary elements that can change the angle of inclination from 0° to 90°.
  They are used to change the slope of the chimney and connect from the boiler pipe to the main chimney. The elbow is connected to the rest of the elements of the chimney using the pipe-to-pipe method.

• 87° tee and 45° tee. They have the same purpose - the removal of exhaust gases into the chimney and the provision of maintenance (including cleaning) of the stainless steel chimney pipe with condensate cut-off. The tees are connected to the rest of the elements according to the “pipe to pipe” principle.

• Revision. This element is designed for maintenance, internal inspection and cleaning of soot from chimneys.
  The revision is installed at the base of the vertical chimney shaft under the tee. It also supports stainless steel chimney pipes.

• The condensate collector ("watering can") is used to drain condensate from the chimney pipe. It is installed under the tee.

• The comfrey is installed on stainless steel chimney pipes that go directly to the street.

The comfrey can be used to decorate the place where the pipe passes through the ceiling.

• protects stainless steel chimney pipes from precipitation. Install it at the top of the chimney.

• The end of the chimney is used for installation on top of a chimney made of bricks. It protects the pipe from atmospheric precipitation.

• The chimney weather vane is installed at the top of the chimney. It prevents atmospheric precipitation from getting inside, wind blowing, and the stainless chimney pipe works properly.

Once or twice a year it is necessary to treat the mechanical connection of the weather vane with thermal grease.

1 General rules for the design and assembly of chimneys

The design and installation of chimneys must be carried out in accordance with the current regulations:

SNiP 41-01-2003; VDPO (RULES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORK, REPAIR OF FURNACES AND SMOKE CHANNELS); SP 7.13130.2009.

The task of the chimney is to remove combustion products and provide normal draft to maintain combustion. The level of draft depends on the height of the smoke channel and the diameter of the chimney.

When installing the chimney, the following rules must be observed:

• The height of the chimney from the heater to the head must be at least 5 m.
• The elevation of the chimney above the ridge / parapet is determined according to the diagram (Fig. 1).

• The elevation of the chimney above the closely spaced roofs of neighboring buildings must be at least 1.5 meters.
• If the chimney rises above the roof by 1.5 meters or more, it must be additionally secured with braces (Fig. 2).
• In the design of the chimney, it is recommended to provide plugs with a condensate trap to remove the resulting condensate and / or revision to allow cleaning and maintenance of the smoke channel

• If the roof is made of combustible materials, a spark arrester made of mesh with a mesh size of no more than 5 x 5 mm should be installed in the chimney.
• When designing and assembling a chimney, narrowing the diameter of the chimney is not allowed, but its broadening is allowed. (For example, to assemble a chimney of a heating stove with an outlet diameter of 115 mm, a chimney with a section of 110 mm cannot be used, but a 120 mm chimney can be used using an adapter from 115 mm to 120 mm).
• The length of the horizontal section of the chimney should not exceed 1 meter.
• The joints of the chimney elements should not coincide with the places of ceiling and roof passages, passages in the wall.
• Elbows and tees must be installed so that they do not bear the weight of the chimney elements installed above them.

2 Chimney design and calculation of mounting elements

CHIMNEY DIAMETER. The diameter of the chimney must be equal to or greater than the diameter of the outlet of the heater. To switch from one diameter to another, the "Adapter" element of the corresponding diameter is used.

SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF PIPE. The use of a conventional pipe or an insulated pipe depends on the location of the chimney. Ordinary pipes are used only in heated rooms. The warmed pipes can be applied in heated and not heated rooms, and outside of rooms. The choice between a conventional and insulated pipe in heated rooms is made by the consumer, comparing the cost, fire safety and comfort during operation. To switch from a conventional chimney pipe to an insulated pipe, use the "Transition from non-insulated to insulated" pipe.

BASE PLATFORM. The choice of chimney design with or without the use of the “Cantilever Bracket” support platform is determined by the design of the heater and the location of the chimney.

Without a support platform, it is only possible to use a flat vertical chimney leaning directly on the heater. Figure #3.

In all other cases, it is necessary to use the "Cantilever Bracket" support pad. Figures 4, 5, 6. The location of the supporting element "Cantilever bracket" should be at least 5 meters along the height of the chimney.

TURNING THE CHIMNEY. To change the direction of the chimney, use the "Bend or outlet insulated at 45 or 90 degrees"

COLLECTING CONDENSATE AND CLEANING THE CHIMNEY. To collect condensate from the chimney and clean the chimney, a “Tee or tee insulated at 45 or 90 degrees” is used together with the “Plug with a condensate drain” or “Blind plug” element.

PASSAGE THROUGH THE CEILING. If the chimney passes through the ceiling, it is necessary to use the element "Insulated ceiling passage". Which should be 70 mm more than the thickness of the ceiling.

IMPORTANT

• In some heat generating devices (furnaces, boilers) there may be an increased temperature of the exhaust gases. This will require additional insulation of building structures and individual study of the ceiling passage unit to ensure fire safety. During the operation of the chimney, it is necessary to control the temperature on the outer surface of the element “Insulated passage through the ceiling” and, if necessary, replenish the insulation layer when it shrinks.
• The surface of the chimney during operation heats up. If the chimney passes near building structures made of combustible materials, it should not heat them above 50 ° C (clause 4.39.8 of GOST R 53321-2009).

PASSAGE THROUGH THE ROOF. If the chimney passes through the roof, then it is necessary to use the “Roof passage” element or the “Rubber seal for roof” element, straight or angled. When installing the chimney through the roof, the current building and fire regulations must be observed.

CHIMNEY COMPLETION. To complete the chimney, standard elements "Umbrella" or "Insulated Umbrella" are used.

IMPORTANT
- For gas-fired heating systems, the chimney must remain open!

CHIMNEY FASTENING. The fastening must exclude the possibility of deflection and any displacement of the chimney from the wind or its own weight. For this, the "Wall Mount" element is used, which is installed at the rate of: 1 mount for every 2 meters of the chimney.

To calculate the required number of elements, draw a chimney diagram, taking into account all the above rules and recommendations. The number of straight sections of bends and tees is determined by the layout of the chimney and its design. Typical schemes for assembling chimneys are shown in Figures 3 to 6.

3 Chimney assembly

• Installation of the chimney starts from the bottom, from the heating or heating device upwards. To be able to regulate the draft, install the "Shiber" element in the chimney.
• It is recommended to collect the elements of the chimney "by condensate" so that condensate and tar deposits do not go outside.
• All joints of pipes and other elements (bends, tees, etc.) must be sealed with heat-resistant mastic-sealant, carefully connected to each other throughout the entire depth of the landing socket and fastened with the “Clamp” element in EVERY connection.
• After installation, a test furnace should be carried out, during which it is necessary to check the tightness of the joints and make sure that the adjacent structures made of combustible materials are not exposed to high temperatures and do not heat up.

When using the chimney for the first time, there may be an odor and light smoke, resulting from the evaporation of oil residues from the metal surface and the crystallization of sealing materials.

When heating a stainless steel chimney, including a double-walled chimney, tint colors may appear on its surface, which is not a defect. The chimney needs maintenance. The chimney should be cleaned regularly, at least 2 times during the heating season.

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Do-it-yourself brick chimney repair

No matter how well the work on laying the chimney is done, time does its job, and even the most reliable buildings are unable to resist its influence. If the first pathological signs of deformation, shedding, cracking appear, it is best to immediately take measures to eliminate them, otherwise the pipe will be fatally destroyed, and then it will have to be built again. In other words, the repair of a brick chimney is becoming an urgent task.

Chimney repair work can be varied - from sealing small cracks to dismantling the entire structure and erecting a new one.

Causes and consequences of the destruction of the chimney pipe

It is possible to carry to artificial destructions: poor-quality illiterate masonry; low-grade materials used in the work; improper operation; low qualification of the stove-maker; non-compliance with the rules and schemes for the construction of the structure.

If the work is not carried out correctly, condensation may form in the chimney, and with temperature changes and freezing of water, the ice will break the mortar in the masonry and destroy the bricks. After such processes, a violation of traction is not ruled out, which means that it will be impossible to heat a fireplace or stove, since the smoke will not go into the chimney, but will go into the room.

When using poor-quality or non-hardened bricks, it can be damaged by sparks or ignition of gases emanating from the firebox. In the future, these destructions can lead to damage to the entire furnace heating system or even to a fire.

Repair of a brick chimney is carried out in cases of its damage for other reasons - for example, due to the consequences of natural manifestations or mechanical impact, which led to a violation of the integrity and solidity of the masonry.

The natural causes of destruction include the aforementioned long-term use, and, as a result, the general aging of the structure.

Types of repair work

Work on the repair of chimneys is quite laborious, given that some of the processes must be carried out at a fairly high altitude, in rather difficult conditions.

The repair technology can be different:

• Dismantling, and then - restoration of the brickwork that has become unusable.
• Installation of sleeves made of special materials in the chimney channel.
• Internal lining of existing channels;

Each of these processes has its own characteristics and difficulties.

Masonry restoration

If the masonry is partially destroyed, then it is possible to replace the damaged bricks. They are carefully freed from the solution and pulled out of the row. Next, they clean the place and lay a new high-quality brick on a fresh mortar.

If the bricks of the chimney are destroyed by more than 15-20%, it must be completely dismantled and a new one must be built. Dismantling is carried out to a completely whole row, and a new masonry is produced from it.

In case of great damage and the impossibility of making repairs, the chimney is disassembled to the ground and rises again from a new brick. If this is not possible, the chimney is made of steel pipe.

Sleeve installation

Another possible option for repairing a chimney is to vote it, i.e. installation in the channel of a sleeve made of metal or ceramics.

Sometimes this process is carried out immediately during the construction of the furnace, and in other cases - for reconstruction purposes.

The positive aspects of installing the sleeve:

• Chimney liners are made in round or square shape with rounded inner corners. Such forms have a positive effect on the efficient removal of combustion products, and do not allow condensate to collect. Unlike round pipes, brick pipes very often collect soot deposits and condensate in their corners.
• In addition, being another layer of the chimney, the sleeve reduces the heat losses of the furnace, as it increases the tightness of the chimney.

Preparation for work

Before starting the installation, it is necessary to inspect the chimney:

• Check the condition of the masonry.
• Make sure that the design is reliable and that there are no obstacles in the channel where the sleeve will be installed.
• Next, you should decide on the size of the pipe section in order to calculate what diameter the sleeve will need for it.
• If there are obstacles in the channel, it will be necessary to disassemble part of the pipe in height so that the sleeve can be easily installed;
• Free up space for work.

Installation

When everything is ready, you can start the installation process.

• The first thing to be done is to disassemble the masonry, freeing the channel for installing the sleeve.
• The element to be installed must have dimensional parameters corresponding not only to the pipe section, but also to its height. In addition, it is necessary to provide a door that will allow you to easily clean the chimney section.
• If the sleeve is installed through the top, it is lowered down in parts. First, its lower part is fixed on the ropes and lowered to the desired level. Further, in the lowered part of the sleeve, it is necessary to insert its next section. In the place of their connection, the masonry should be disassembled, for their better fastening. Thus, the entire structure is assembled, passing through the entire chimney channel.

• Between the walls of the chimney and the installed sleeve, a small space should form, which is filled with non-combustible heat-insulating materials.
• After completion of work, a metal umbrella is put on top of the pipe head, protecting the chimney from dirt and moisture.
• The last step is the sealing of the brickwork in those places where it was dismantled to connect the parts of the sleeve.

Channel lining

Brickwork is the processing of the inner channel of the chimney with special mixtures, to put it simply, the plastering of the inner walls. With the help of this process, it is possible to put the destroyed walls in order, making them smooth enough, and restore the chimney's performance.

Brickwork is carried out with mixtures of "Masan" and "Mordax", which are able to quickly, without laborious disassembly of the brickwork, bring the channel into a functional form. The advantage of this technology can be considered that the cross section of the chimney does not become smaller, and all work is carried out in a few hours. The non-combustible composition of the mixtures has good adhesion to any surfaces and can withstand temperatures reaching up to 900 degrees and above.

• "Masan" is a Russian development, it is made on the basis of perlite. For the entire period of its application (since 2005), it has shown itself only from the best side.
• The Mordax mixture, produced by Finland, is made on the basis of granite chips. It is fireproof and adheres well to the surface. A solution is prepared by diluting with water to the required consistency of the dry Mordax composite mixed with lime and cement.

Work is carried out as follows:

• First, it is necessary to close the surface around the chimney so that the roofing mixtures do not splatter.
• Next comes the cleaning of the chimney channel with an iron brush, from exfoliated parts of brick and soot.
• After cleaning the channel, it must be moistened.

• Further, using a special brush and a winch, brickwork is made.
• In the direction of the brush movement, the brick mixture is distributed on the channel walls.
• The process of moving the brush is repeated three times, and after each coating, it is necessary to allow the applied layer to dry.

It should be clarified that, perhaps, not one, but two brushes will be needed, since the chimney can have a different section along its entire length, and the brush must have a size that matches the size of the channel.

Video - Brick chimney. Repair

Video - Replacing and installing a chimney

All of these repair methods are good if it is possible to implement them. But if the amount of repair work is too large or the chimney has irreparable damage, then the best option would be to completely replace the chimney. And the surest decision would be to invite an experienced, qualified craftsman to perform this work.

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chimney revision

The plug is a pipe element covered with a plate. Installed on tees to control and collect soot and other fragments entering the smoke channel

Elements are produced in the range from 80 to 800mm.

Single-wall chimney systems are designed for indoor installation. They do not have an insulating layer, which increases the heat transfer of the furnace and guarantees faster heating of the heated room. Single-wall chimneys must not be installed outside buildings, since without an insulating layer they will cool very quickly, and this will lead to the disappearance of draft, a decrease in generator efficiency, blockage of the chimney duct and the ingress of toxic combustion products into the room.

The type and thickness of steel is influenced by the type of heat generating device (requirements for heat resistance) and the type of fuel used (requirements for acid resistance). In the manufacture of chimneys, it is necessary to use special alloyed high-quality stainless steel with increased corrosion resistance. The thickness of the material is not less than 0.5 mm.

The diameter of the chimney must not be less than the diameter of the flue pipe of the heat generator. In addition, the device manufacturer's recommendations should be followed. According to existing standards, the speed of passing gases should be in the range of 0.15-0.6 m / s, and the degree of rarefaction should be in the range from 10 to 20 Pa. If these characteristics exceed the specified values, it is necessary to regulate the draft with a special slide gate. If the speed and rarefaction, on the contrary, are less than the permissible values, then combustion products may enter the room. In addition, excessively strong thrust will lead to incomplete combustion of fuel, its overspending and, of course, a significant decrease in the efficiency of the heat generator.

USEFUL ADVICE TO THE BUYER:

permissible elevations of chimneys above buildings;

chimney assembly rules;

chimney configuration;

What to choose: a single-walled or double-walled sandwich chimney?

Choice of steel grade of the chimney;

CHIMNEY INSTALLATION DIAGRAM

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Inspection plugs for stainless steel chimneys

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dymohodik.ru

Revisions for sewer pipes - what is it?

Sewer revision is a separate element installed in the existing system. It is provided for by SNiP, so at the design stage it must be taken into account even in a private house. It is designed for simplified cleaning of the drain, as well as ensuring constant monitoring of the condition of the pipeline.

What is a sewer audit?

The sewer revision is a kind of tee, but on this fitting, a cover is hermetically attached to one of the outlets. This eliminates leakage, and if necessary, it is removed for inspection and cleaning. After installation, the difficulties associated with a long search for blockage disappear, since, in accordance with the standards, a small distance remains between the control points.

Now cast-iron fittings are practically not manufactured due to the lack of demand for them. They were replaced by plastic, widely used by the population because of its lightness and practicality. So it is with such options that you should get acquainted in order to properly cope with the installation.

Differences of plastic revision of the sewer

Revisions for plastic sewer pipes are very different from cast iron ones. At first, buyers noted only a change in material, but manufacturers also made several design changes. It is they who should be studied, giving a detailed description:

• The outlet on the plastic revision is installed at a right angle, and on the cast iron one it was mounted at an angle of 45 degrees.
• The lid is tightly twisted without bolts, as on cast iron structures.

Both features suggest that it is easy to mount an additional element on a 110 pipe. To do this, simply insert the fitting into the cuff, without wasting time. Professionals are sure to use such projects, and not only because of the current SNiPs.

Current standards for sewer audit

Household sewerage and plastic revision are inseparable. The inlet is always installed with a 110 mm pipe, and if necessary, a transition to an inner diameter of 50 mm is mounted after the element for connecting plumbing. In this case, the current standards must be taken into account:

• With a pipe diameter of 50 mm on horizontal sections, the element must be mounted every 15 m.
• If the conversation is about industrial wastewater, the distance must be reduced to 12 m.
• If there is a large amount of suspended particles in the drain water, the distance should not exceed 10 m.
• With a pipe diameter of 110-150 mm, in the absence of large pollution between adjacent revisions, it can reach 20 m.
• For domestic drains with a pipe of 110-150 mm, the distance should be 15 m.
• Industrial effluents with suspended particles with a pipe diameter of 110-150 mm should be checked at a distance of 12 m.

Such requirements ensure easy maintenance and removal of blockages. Moreover, it is impossible to refuse such elements even in a small country house. Most often, complex branched sewer systems are mounted in them, so cleaning is difficult in a critical situation. It is worth saving yourself from problems in advance by using the correct design.

Advantages of polypropylene revisions

A modern sewer pipeline is assembled from lightweight material. The revisions have also changed, so today it is most practical to use polypropylene elements. They have a number of advantages that have proven indispensable. What subtleties are we talking about?

• Maximum wastewater temperature 95 degrees;
• Smooth surface reduces the risk of blockages;
• Does not require coloring;
• Service life up to 50 years;
• Frost resistance;
• Mechanical strength;
• Resistant to corrosion and chemical environments.

A separate structural element of the sewer system is in no way inferior to the pipeline. After its installation, you can not worry about the violation of technical specifications. Because of this, after the addition of the project, it is not necessary to make categorical changes to ensure the reliability of the movement of wastewater.

Audit is a mandatory element approved by the current standards. Professional design forces you to resort to various fittings that are often considered unnecessary. You can clarify the reasons for the installation, you can make sure that it is necessary, so that later you do not have to worry about cleaning and regularly checking for blockages.

Today, the installation of a stainless steel chimney is becoming more commonplace than brickwork to remove combustion products from a residential building. The popularity of prefabricated stainless steel modular structures, including chimneys, is due to ease of assembly, reliability and long service life. For their production, only high-quality chrome-plated material, steel sheets and galvanization are used, as well as alloys with various percentages of metals known for their increased resistance to external environmental influences.

The main parameters of stainless chimneys

On the modern construction market, chimneys made of stainless steel and various other alloys are presented in a large assortment, and all of them meet the basic operational requirements. There are chimneys for various types of boilers:

• diesel;
• gas;
• solid fuel;
• combined type;
• universal.

Metal chimneys vary in shape:

• straight;
• telescopic;
• stainless sandwich chimneys;
• corrugated flexible stainless chimneys.

The quality of installation not only affects the rapid formation of stable traction, but also the efficiency of the boiler and the safety of the residents of the house. Do not forget that during combustion, depending on the type of fuel, not only heat is released, but also:

• soot;
• volatile acid compounds;
• gaseous combustion products;
• carbon monoxide;
• volatile resins;
• ammonia and other compounds.

To protect yourself and your loved ones from any trouble, it is important to ensure that all these harmful volatile compounds are removed through the chimney, especially carbon monoxide or CO. When installing stainless chimneys, it is equally important to comply with all safety measures and legal regulations. They are set out in specialized literature and legislative acts.

The essence of these standards is that it is important that the section of the chimney matches the power of the boiler, the height of the chimney is more than 5 m, and it is removed above the roof level in order to avoid turbulence and reverse draft. And the chimney channel should have a minimum of turns and broken segments. The dimensions of stainless steel chimneys are initially taken into account by manufacturers, so industrial production is subject to these standards.

Basic requirements for a chimney:

• smooth surface and rounded shape contribute to stable traction;
• the formation of condensate is minimal;
• high rates of heat resistance and tightness;
• ease of installation and maintenance;
• fire resistance and safety.

However, all these advantages can only be guaranteed if all the recommendations for assembling the structure are followed, which are shared by experts - stainless steel chimneys installation: video.

Attention: When buying stainless steel chimneys of a modular type, be sure to thoroughly study the section in the instructions that deals with its compliance with the power for which the boiler or furnace is designed!

In addition to proper installation, accessibility to the chimney is no less important - for its cleaning and maintenance, as well as condensate removal, which requires a separate pipe.

Flexible stainless chimneys greatly facilitate the installation of an autonomous heating system, especially if it is impossible to maintain a straight trajectory of the smoke exhaust system. The corrugation is effective even at high temperatures, up to 900°C, working on fuel oil, and is also not afraid of temperature changes and quickly warms up providing stable traction when the boiler is started. The main parts of the prefabricated structure are similar, but the chimney pipe itself is different.

In brickwork, rather wide channels of elliptical cross-section are sometimes used, that is, with an oval cross-section. Their shape also does not contribute to the accumulation of soot and smoke from reverse thrust.

Also available:

• single-circuit or single-wall chimneys, the so-called mono-systems (chimney option without insulation), which can withstand temperatures within 450 ° C, applicable inside the building, including corrugation;
• double-circuit thermal systems (with a double or triple layer of chimney) on a basalt wool insulation between the metal.

There is also the possibility of additional insulation of a stainless chimney, which will be discussed in the last section of the article. But it is required only for external structures.

The quality of the chimney system is also affected by:

1. The thickness of the walls, which are calculated and fixed in the regulations:

• for gas boilers, the thickness of the chimney channel ranges from 0.5 mm,
• on diesel fuel - from 0.8 mm;
• for solid fuel boilers - from 1 mm.

2. Configuration. The ideal chimney is straight, and the fewer bends, turns and protrusions, the more effective the draft and the less soot accumulation. A smooth cylindrical chimney pipe of sufficient cross section contributes to efficient operation.

3. The proportions of the diameter (section), the length of the pipe or the height of the chimney provide sufficient traction. Stainless steel chimneys with a diameter smaller than necessary for normal operation will reduce the efficiency of the boiler, fireplace or stove. Experts also argue that it should rise above the top point of the roof by at least 20 cm, and the chimney itself should not be shorter than 5 m.

Special parts solve problems with its maintenance:

• revision with soot removal;
• condensate drain;
• air intake for the combustion process;
• chimney for rain protection.

What metal is used for chimneys

"Stainless steel" refers to a group of alloys based on steel with a low chromium content or galvanized sheet iron - "galvanized" is more correct. Such products are distinguished by excellent anti-corrosion characteristics when interacting with oxygen, water and the aggressive environment of acid compounds released during combustion. This provides a deposition of several microns of chromium oxides, which is why the process is called "chromium plating".

For chimneys, steel of different grades is used:

• 430 - casings and other details for environments of low aggressiveness;
• 409 - contains titanium, go to the pipes of fireplaces, solid fuel boilers and stoves;
• 316 - with the addition of nickel and molybdenum for heat resistance and resistance to acid compounds in diesel furnaces;
• 304 - with the same additives, but in smaller quantities for less aggressive environments;
• 321 - universal brand for chimney pipes with increased heat resistance, up to 850°C;
• 310 - the most heat-resistant, durable and strong chimneys for the most powerful heating equipment.

Attention: Different grades of steel are used for multilayer sandwich pipes. On the inner table it is more resistant and heat-resistant, on the outer table it is cheaper and simpler, so it does not look as impressive as a single-layer chimney.

Main elements and their characteristics

The chimney consists of several elements that have different purposes and assembly order:

• tee;
• pipe elbow;
• revision;
• condensate collector.

1. The main element is a long straight chimney pipe of different lengths, and its fragments are connected like a socket without any special fastening.

2. An inclined bend (at an angle of 45°) connects 2 pipes, changing the slope of the chimney, and it is used at the junction of horizontal and vertical fragments.

3. The universal elbow (90° angle) is also used as a swivel to change the configuration of the chimney. Several of these elements are used throughout the chimney - from the top to the junction of the boiler pipe.

4. Tees lead flue gases into the chimney and cut off the condensate. They are also joined in a bell-shaped way or one-to-one.

5. A condensate drain is placed under the tee to drain excess liquid.

6. Revision - an open element, which is designed to clean the chimney from soot. Mounted under the tee at the base of the vertical shaft - picture:

Stainless steel chimney installation

Modular chimneys today are most widely used due to their ease of assembly. This principle makes it possible not to waste time on time-consuming fastening and sealing of the chimney. Given how extensive the choice of parts for the assembly of stainless chimneys, it is possible to vary its configuration as much as possible without compromising the draft and operation of the boilers. Sometimes you can’t do without a corrugation or several elbows in order to competently build a chimney with minimal reconstruction of the walls.

1. Preparation for installation involves calculations for the intended configuration of the chimney, a preliminary sketch and marking of the walls along which its fastening is planned. This will allow you to most accurately calculate the total length of the structure and select the necessary rotary parts for the pipe joint.

Attention: Don't forget to add an outer section, which should be at least 25-50 cm above the level of the roof ridge - to ensure traction in any weather.

2. Before assembling the chimney inside the pipe, the seams are supposed to be treated with a special sealant, which guarantees maximum efficiency of the joints. The outer and outer walls do not require this.

3. Competent installation of the chimney is done from the boiler or furnace, that is, from the bottom up, sequentially joining all the elbows and pipe links. Docking by the type of bell - when the upper pipe is inserted into the lower one on a special latch. If it is not there, but the shrinkage depth is almost half the outer diameter.

4. The links at the joint must be securely fixed with the clamps that are included in the kit. The finished pipe should be attached to the wall or supporting structures at intervals of one and a half to two meters, and separate brackets are used for mounting bends and tees.

Attention: Make sure that horizontal sections and knees do not lie on communications. Fragments must not come into contact with gas pipes and electrical wiring!

As you can see, do-it-yourself stainless steel chimneys are quite simple to make. This will require 2 pairs of working hands and 1-2 for time. If you still have questions - watch the video on the installation of the chimney:

Tip: Make sure that the condensate does not go past the pipes, falling onto the insulation and insulation. Also carefully treat the joints with sealant. It is important to correctly bring the chimney through the roof, as described in more detail in the previous article.

Chimney insulation

This is one of the important stages in the completion of the construction of the chimney. Without insulation, which is provided only for stainless steel sandwich chimneys, installation will have disadvantages. With a poorly insulated chimney, it is problematic to ensure stable draft when starting the boiler or lighting up the fireplace. And its rapid cooling reduces the overall efficiency of the entire autonomous heating system. In addition, the condensate that forms on the metal walls with a temperature difference between the outside and inside gradually destroys the inner walls of the chimney and reduces its efficiency.

A sandwich-like design is very popular today when installing and insulating a chimney for modern boilers:

• universal;
• solid fuel;
• gas;
• combined.

They operate in interval mode, i.e. "stop-start". Solid fuel boilers require reloading fuel and cleaning the ash pan, so they do not turn off for some time. And constantly operating boilers, when the required temperature is reached, when the sensor or relay is triggered, they turn off on their own to avoid overheating. When the temperature in the room drops to a predetermined level, automatic heating also works automatically.

During the “sleep mode”, the temperature in the chimney also drops, a difference is formed outside and inside the chimney, and condensate falls. When the boiler warms up for a long time, it slows down the operation of the heating system, which leads to excessive fuel consumption.

As a heater, a mineral filler is used - basalt wool, which is known for its excellent refractory parameters. She wraps the pipe in layers and wire and / or clamps fix such a “blanket”. These materials are not afraid of high temperatures, so the chimney can run on any type of fuel, warming up to 1000°C. However, basalt wool must be isolated from excess moisture, since dampness reduces the effectiveness of insulation.

For waterproofing, galvanized or stainless steel is used, which is fastened with self-tapping screws over the finished “blanket”. To cope with such work, you will need metal scissors and work skills. But such caps of the required diameter are easier to order ready-made in a specialized workshop. And at home there will be no problems in order to complete the final stage of warming.

Attention: At the end of the installation, the top of the pipe must be fixed so that it is not blown away by a strong gust of wind or a tornado. At the top, a chimney is necessarily mounted, protecting the entire system from the penetration of precipitation.