Cargoes in overpacks

GOST 26653-90

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PREPARATION OF GENERAL CARGO
TO TRANSPORTATION

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

IPK STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE

Moscow

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PREPARATION OF GENERAL CARGO
TO TRANSPORTATION

Generalrequirements

Preparation of general cargoes for transportation.
General requirements

GOST
26653-90

Date of introduction 01.07.91

This International Standard specifies General requirements for the preparation of general cargo for transportation in direct and mixed traffic: by sea, river, rail, road and air transport.

The requirements of the standard should be taken into account when developing standards, specifications for products prepared for transportation, in terms of packaging, labeling, transportation and storage, when planning and organizing the shipment of goods, concluding agreements and contracts for the supply of export and import goods.

An explanation of the term "general cargo" is given in.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The cargo must be prepared for transportation, taking into account the requirements of product standards, the Rules for the Transportation of Goods in force for the relevant modes of transport, and the Agreement on International Freight Transport by Rail (SMGS).

1.2. Preparation of cargo for transportation should ensure:

The safety of the cargo throughout the transportation and the safety of the vehicle and environment;

Maximum use of the carrying capacity and (or) carrying capacity of vehicles and lifting mechanisms with the obligatory ensuring the safety of the cargo and the safety of its transportation;

Necessary strength of cargo packaging during stacking and reloading operations;

Convenience of carrying out cargo operations, fastening and placement on vehicles and in warehouses.

1.3. When preparing cargo for transportation, the following should be taken into account:

Cargo properties, transportation area, delivery time and season;

The duration of the impact of hydrometeorological factors, including in microclimatic regions;

The dynamic nature of the loads acting on the corresponding mode of transport;

Capacity and dimensions of cargo spaces, vehicles;

The need to secure cargo;

The need to ensure certain temperature, ventilation and humidity conditions in the cargo spaces of vehicles;

The possibility of complex mechanization of transshipment processes to ensure high performance labor and reduction of downtime of vehicles under loading and unloading;

Risk of damage to cargo and machines, injury to people during reloading operations in case of insufficient or incorrect information of transport organizations about the properties of the cargo and the correct methods of its reloading, as well as due to their unpreparedness for cargo operations;

Inconsistency in the form of presentation of goods for transportation technological requirements reloading and transportation processes;

The need for preliminary information from transport organizations on the form of presentation of cargo for transportation or on its change in order to determine or clarify the technology of transportation and its processing at transshipment points;

The possibility of enlargement and unification of packages in order to create conditions for the mechanization and automation of the movement and slinging of goods.

1.4. The shipping container and packaging of the cargo presented for transportation must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, have seals, locks, control tapes and special devices for fastening to vehicle and be adapted for quick, convenient and safe slinging of cargo when moving it with cranes and loaders.

1.5. Packing equipment for package transportation to the Far North should be predominantly single use.

1.6. The transport container and packaging of the cargo must ensure its safety during the production of cargo operations using lifting devices.

1.9. Requirements for the packaging of cargo, the conditions and features of its transportation, methods and means of consolidation of packages should be set out in the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific type of cargo in the section "Packaging, marking, transportation and storage" in accordance with the requirements of GOST 1.5.

1.11. The consignor is responsible for the consequences of deficiencies in the packaging and internal packaging of goods (breakage, breakage, deformation, leakage, etc.), as well as the use of containers and packaging that do not correspond to the properties of the cargo, its weight or established standards.

2.2.4. Light and sound alarms, as well as all other devices that ensure traffic safety, must be installed and in good working order on the machines.

2.2.5. With the first unit of each type of equipment, or preliminarily, the consignor is obliged to send to the port, airport and railway station at least three copies of the instructions for the operation and management of the equipment.

The slinging chart should be attached to the inside of the cab glass. If the mobile equipment does not have a cabin, the scheme is attached in a conspicuous place with protection from damage by precipitation.

2.2.8. When sending mobile equipment intended for loading on its own, stored in ports, airports and railway stations, timely recharging should be provided. batteries and performance of all other works stipulated by the instructions for the operation of mobile equipment during its storage on a contractual basis.

2.2.9. Tractor equipment, for which long-term storage is possible before being sold to the buyer, is shipped in mothballed form with dry-charged batteries. At the same time, manufacturers are obliged, on the basis of contracts, to provide transport organizations with the equipment and devices necessary for loading and unloading tractor equipment onto vehicles without depreservation.

2.2.10. If it is impossible to load spare parts and attachments it is allowed to ship the latter in a packaged form for a batch of equipment. The type, shape and weight of the package must ensure the loading of the package on regular vehicles using forklifts.

2.2.11. When loading tractor equipment in mothballed form and there are towing facilities at transfer points that do not require the driver to be in the cab of the towed tractor, the latter must be closed and sealed with factory seals.

2.3. Reinforced concrete products and structures

2.3.1. Reinforced concrete products and structures (hereinafter referred to as reinforced concrete products) can be presented for transportation both in packed and unpacked form.

Packaged lightweight reinforced concrete products weighing less than 5 tons must be equipped with slinging devices.

2.3.2. Reinforced concrete products transported by rail and by car using special devices (cassettes, combs, pyramids), must be supplied for transportation on ships and aircraft using the specified devices.

2.3.3. Small parts (lintels, window sills, light beams, asbestos-cement pipes) should be transported in bags and containers.

The normative and technical documentation for specific types of products should indicate the standards for packages and containers.

2.3.4. Reinforced concrete products must have devices for slinging and fastening (loops, holes).

Concrete sagging on slinging and fastening devices is not allowed.

On products that are not structurally provided for slinging devices and it is difficult to distinguish the top from the bottom (beams, slabs and other products with asymmetrically located reinforcement), the consignor must make an indelible inscription "Top".

2.3.5. On each reinforced concrete product, in a clearly visible place, marks (risks) should be applied with indelible paint, defining supports, fastenings of guy wires and slings in the absence of mounting loops or other devices on the products.

2.3.6. Reinforced concrete products from autoclaved cellular and heat-resistant concretes on liquid glass, as well as multilayer products with a layer of insulation, elements with plug-in window frames and door blocks must be protected at the factory from damage and moisture. Textured, sanded or veneered surfaces wall panels and blocks must be protected from damage by means of soft sponge rubber pads or technical coarse wool felt.

2.3.7. Window sashes and doors inserted into the frames should be fixed in the closed state.

2.3.8. Structural elements that do not have sufficient rigidity during transportation must be temporarily reinforced.

Product name, brand, weight in kilograms, dimensions (length, width, height or thickness);

Scheme of storage and the number of tiers allowed in the stack, based on the strength characteristics of the products;

Dimensions of linings and gaskets (taking into account the height of the mounting loops and protruding parts of the products);

Slinging scheme indicating the maximum angles of deviation of the branches of the sling from the vertical;

Data on gripping devices;

Special conditions for loading and unloading operations and placement.

2.4. Cargo in containers

2.4.1. Containers with such damages, deformations and malfunctions are not allowed for transportation, as a result of which the safety of reloading, the reliability of fastening containers are not ensured, or damage to the transported cargo, loss of the contents of the container and access to the cargo is possible.

2.5. Cargoes in overpacks

2.5.1. Cargoes that, due to their size and properties, can be formed into transport packages, must be presented by the sender for transportation in packaged form.

The package is a transport package. All shipping documents should indicate both the number of packages and the number of individual places in them.

When determining the possibility of multi-tier transportation of packages, the capacity of the cargo spaces of vehicles should be taken into account.

Registration of cargo documents should provide for the possibility of control without disbanding the packages.

2.5.4. Filling the area of flat pallets with a stack of cargo should be at least 90%.

2.6. Heavy cargo and oversized equipment (TG)

2.6.1. Equipment in boxes and unpackaged, metal structures, specific pressure from which on vehicles exceeds the allowable, must be transported according to special projects, the need for the development of which is determined by the carrier.

2.6.2. Each TG should have without fail building sites and center of gravity are marked. If, in order to ensure the safety of the cargo and the safety of transshipment operations when moving by cranes, the use of any spacer beams, frames and other special devices, except for the usual ring or end slings, is required, a lashing diagram must be attached to each package or such a diagram must be sent to the transport organization before the arrival of the cargo.

2.6.3. The lashing points must be equipped and placed on the load, and the load must be installed on the vehicle so that the winding of the load gripping devices can be carried out without preliminary lifting and moving away.

2.6.4. If any special load handling devices, frames, traverses, etc. are required for transshipment operations, which are not available at the transshipment point, they must be supplied by the consignor together with the cargo or in advance. The need for such a supply must be agreed in advance.

2.6.5. Slinging schemes for TG of large dimensions or complex shape must be consistent with transport organizations in advance, and the dispatch of the goods is carried out only after such agreement.

2.6.6. Cargo from complex configuration supporting surface, cylindrical, spherical and conical, must be presented for transportation together with special stands, pedestals and keel blocks necessary for stacking in a warehouse and placement on a vehicle.

2.6.7. Placement and fastening of TG is carried out, as a rule, in accordance with special transportation projects.

2.6.8. The cargo owner submits, at the request of the carrier, a project for the transportation of heavy cargo.

The development of the project is carried out by a specialized design organization, a carrier or by order of the cargo owner and at his expense.

The project should provide for the submission by the consignor to the point of departure of the necessary auxiliary materials and devices for loading and unloading, storage, fastening and transportation (traverses, frames, gaskets, racks, beams, wedges, etc.).

2.6.10. The cargo is accepted for transportation after the transportation project is agreed by the carrier. If necessary, transportation projects are agreed with the consignor, loading and unloading points and other transport and assembly departments involved in the delivery and assembly of the cargo.

2.7. Packaged cargo

2.7.1. Packaged goods must be presented for transportation in packages or containers.

2.7.2. Unpackaged piece cargo (cylinders, bottles, canisters) should be presented for transportation only in packages or containers.

Non-containable goods, such as bagged goods (cement, alumina, etc.), should be presented for carriage in bags.

Dimensions of transport containers and packaging must comply with GOST 21140, dangerous goods- GOST 26319, products shipped to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas, - GOST 15846.

These places and devices must be marked or specified in the accompanying documentation.

APPENDIX

Reference

EXPLANATION TO THE TERM USED IN THE STANDARD

INFORMATION DATA

1. DESIGNED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry navy USSR

2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree State Committee USSR on product quality management and standards dated 06/25/90 No. 1831

3. REPLACE GOST 26653-85

4. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

	Number of paragraph, subparagraph		Number of paragraph, subparagraph

1.10; 2.2.3; 3.1

2.5.2; 2.7.3

GOST 21929-76

GOST 23238-78

2.1.3; 2.5.2

This standard establishes general requirements for the preparation of general cargo for transportation in direct and mixed traffic: sea, river, rail, road and air transport.

The requirements of the standard should be taken into account when developing standards, technical specifications for products prepared for transportation, in terms of packaging, labeling, transportation and storage, when planning and organizing the shipment of goods, concluding agreements and contracts for the supply of export and import goods.

An explanation of the term "general cargo" is given in the appendix.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The cargo must be prepared for transportation, taking into account the requirements of product standards. Rules for the carriage of goods in force on the respective modes of transport, and the Agreement on International Rail Freight Traffic (SMGS).

1.2. Preparation of cargo for transportation should ensure:

the safety of the cargo throughout the transportation and the safety of the vehicle and the environment;

maximum use of the carrying capacity and (or) carrying capacity of vehicles and lifting mechanisms with the obligatory ensuring the safety of the cargo and the safety of its transportation;

the necessary strength of cargo packaging during stacking and reloading operations;

convenience of carrying out cargo operations, fastening and placement on vehicles and in warehouses.

1.3. When preparing cargo for transportation, the following should be taken into account:

cargo properties, transportation area, delivery time and season;

the duration of the impact of hydrometeorological factors, including in microclimatic regions;

the dynamic nature of the loads acting on the corresponding mode of transport;

capacity and dimensions of cargo spaces, vehicles;

the need to secure the load;

the need to ensure certain temperature, ventilation and humidity conditions in the cargo spaces of vehicles;

the possibility of complex mechanization of transshipment processes to ensure high labor productivity and reduce vehicle downtime during loading and unloading;

danger of damage to cargo and machines, injury to people during reloading operations in case of insufficient or incorrect awareness of transport organizations about the properties of the cargo and the correct methods of its reloading, as well as due to their unpreparedness for cargo operations;

non-compliance of the form of presentation of cargo for transportation with the technological requirements of the transshipment and transportation processes;

the need for preliminary information from transport organizations on the form of presentation of cargo for transportation or on its change in order to determine or clarify the technology of transportation and its processing at transshipment points;

the possibility of consolidation and unification of packages in order to create conditions for the mechanization and automation of the movement and slinging of goods.

1.4. The transport container and packaging of the cargo presented for transportation must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, have seals, locks, control tapes and special devices for fastening on the vehicle and be adapted for quick, convenient and safe slinging of cargo when moving its cranes and loaders.

1.5. Packing equipment for package transportation to the Far North should be predominantly single use.

1.6. The transport container and packaging of the cargo must ensure its safety during the production of cargo operations using load gripping devices.

1.7. Cargo marking must comply with the requirements of GOST 14192, GOST 19433 and the requirements provided for in the regulatory and technical documentation for specific products.

1.8. The standards and specifications for a specific cargo in containers or without it should stipulate the possibility of its transportation on open vehicles and on the upper (open) deck of ships under conditions of exposure to water in accordance with GOST 15150, GOST 15151.

1.10. Tare and packaging of goods sent to the Far North must comply with the requirements of GOST 15846.

1.12. Cargo and its packaging, presented for transportation in mixed and direct communications, must ensure their safety during transshipment, as well as the safety of rolling stock railways in accordance with GOST 22235 and GOST 22477.

2. CARGO REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Metal products

2.1.1. Preparation of certain types of metal products for transportation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7566, GOST 10692, as well as the current regulatory and technical documentation for certain types metal products.

2.1.2. Means of packing metal products and strapping methods should ensure the safety of bundles, bundles, rolls and coils from spilling and unwinding, from loss and depersonalization of labels both during transshipment operations and during transportation.

2.1.3. When baling long metal products in accordance with GOST 23238, load-bearing means of baling with upper gripping points should be used, or the configuration of the packages and methods of their placement in vehicles should allow slinging and slinging without lifting, spreading and other similar manual operations. Deviation from this rule is allowed only upon agreement with the port or railway station where the cargo is sent, if they have special lifting equipment(magnets, manipulators, etc.). An indication of the possibility of slinging for load-bearing strapping and packaging means must be marked on the cargo or included in the cargo documents.

2.1.4. Rolled metal products (rails, rods, shaped steel, pipes up to 350 mm in diameter, etc.), non-ferrous metal ingots, copper and nickel cathodes, packaged and unpacked coils (rolled wire, barbed wire etc.) must be delivered for transportation in packages.

2.1.5. Heavy and long scrap metal must be divided into parts in accordance with GOST 2787, non-ferrous metal scrap - GOST 1639. Small metal waste is pressed into bags or stacked in bales. Small scrap in the form of used hardware, tools, non-ferrous metal scrap is packed in strong containers: boxes, barrels or specialized containers.

Only recycled scrap is accepted for transportation in mixed traffic.

2.1.6. Sheet steel in coils, transported end-mounted, should be delivered on skids, or it should be adapted for handling by pinching lever grippers that compress the coil from the outside and from the inside.

2.2. Mobile technology

2.2.1. In the documents for self-propelled equipment and in the information leaflet attached to the windshield of the cab with inside, you should indicate the name and brand of fuel with which it is refueled. At the time of loading onto vehicles, mobile equipment must be refueled in an amount of at least 5 dm3 for cars and at least 12 dm3 for all other types of self-propelled equipment.

2.2.2. The engine cooling system must be filled with antifreeze (antifreeze), and the batteries are filled with electrolyte, charged and ready to start the engine.

At an outside air temperature above 4 °C, the engine cooling system can be filled with water.

When loading self-propelled equipment onto vehicles at an outside air temperature below 4 °C and in the absence of antifreeze in the cooling system, it is allowed to refuel it hot water. Drainage of water from the cooling system should be carried out immediately after loading the equipment onto the vehicle.

2.2.3. When transporting mobile equipment in mixed traffic, its preparation for transportation is carried out by consignors in accordance with the requirements for vehicles in accordance with GOST 15846.

2.2.4. Light and sound alarms, as well as all other devices that ensure traffic safety, must be installed and in good working order on the machines.

2.2.6. For mobile equipment, with the exception of cars, the manufacturer must draw up a slinging scheme for reloading with lifting devices, indicating the slinging points, lifting devices, the location of the slinging branches and the center of gravity. The location of the slinging branches and the devices used must exclude the possibility of damage to the mobile equipment and its paintwork.

The slinging chart should be attached to the inside of the cab glass. If the mobile equipment does not have a cabin, the scheme is attached in a conspicuous place with protection from damage by precipitation.

2.2.7. Cars shipped in packaged form, it is necessary to present for transportation in wooden lattice boxes in accordance with GOST 10198.

2.2.8. When sending mobile equipment intended for loading under its own power, stored in ports, airports and railway stations, timely recharging of batteries and the performance of all other work provided for by the instructions for the operation of mobile equipment when stored on a contractual basis must be ensured.

2.2.10. If it is impossible to load spare parts and attachments onto the autotractor equipment, it is allowed to ship the latter in a packaged form for a batch of equipment. The type, shape and weight of the package must ensure the loading of the package on regular vehicles using forklifts.

2.3. Reinforced concrete products and structures

2.3.1. Reinforced concrete products and structures (hereinafter referred to as reinforced concrete products) can be presented for transportation both in packed and unpacked form.

Packaged lightweight reinforced concrete products weighing less than 5 tons must be equipped with slinging devices.

2.3.2. Reinforced concrete products transported by rail and road using special devices (cassettes, combs, pyramids) must be supplied for transportation on ships and aircraft using these devices.

2.3.3. Small parts (lintels, window sills, light beams, asbestos-cement pipes) should be transported in bags and containers.

The normative and technical documentation for specific types of products should indicate the standards for packages and containers.

2.3.4. Reinforced concrete products must have devices for slinging and fastening (loops, holes).

Concrete sagging on slinging and fastening devices is not allowed.

On products that are not structurally provided for slinging devices and it is difficult to distinguish the top from the bottom (beams, slabs and other products with asymmetrically located reinforcement), the consignor must make the inscription "Top" with indelible paint.

2.3.5. On each reinforced concrete product, well visible place marks (marks) should be applied with indelible paint, defining supports, fastenings of guy wires and slings in the absence of mounting loops or other devices on the products.

2.3.6. Reinforced concrete products from autoclaved cellular and heat-resistant concretes on liquid glass, as well as multi-layer products with a layer of insulation, elements with insert window frames and door blocks must be protected at manufacturing plants from damage and moisture. The textured, sanded or lined surfaces of wall panels and blocks must be protected from damage with soft foam rubber pads or technical coarse wool felt.

2.3.7. Window sashes and doors inserted into the frames should be fixed in the closed state.

2.3.8. Structural elements that do not have sufficient rigidity during transportation must be temporarily reinforced.

2.3.9. The consignor is obliged, before presenting reinforced concrete products for transportation, to issue to the transport organization the cargo characteristics of the products and the conditions for their slinging and storage, which indicate:

product name, brand, weight in kilograms, dimensions (length, width, height or thickness);

storage scheme and the number of tiers allowed in the stack, based on the strength characteristics of the products;

sizes of linings and gaskets (taking into account the height of the mounting loops and protruding parts of the products);

slinging scheme indicating the maximum angles of deviation of the branches of the sling from the vertical;

data on gripping devices;

special conditions for loading and unloading operations and placement.

2.4. Cargo in containers

2.4.2. Containers loaded in excess of the permissible displacement of the center of mass of the cargo are not allowed to be reloaded and transported.

2.5. Cargoes in overpacks

2.5.1. Cargoes that, due to their size and properties, can be formed into transport packages, must be presented by the sender for transportation in packaged form.

The package is a transport package. All shipping documents should indicate both the number of packages and the number of individual items in them.

2.5.2. The transport characteristics of enlarged packages (dimensions, weight, specific loading volume) and the conditions for their formation must comply with GOST 16369, GOST 19848, GOST 21391, GOST 21399, GOST 21650, GOST 23238, GOST 23285, GOST 24597, GOST 26663.

2.5.3. The design of the packages must ensure their strength, stability, the impossibility of removing individual packages from the package without violating the packaging means, strapping or control tapes, as well as reliability during reloading and transportation in several tiers.

When determining the possibility of multi-tier transportation of packages, the capacity of the cargo spaces of vehicles should be taken into account.

Registration of cargo documents should provide for the possibility of control without disbanding the packages.

2.5.4. Filling the area of flat pallets with a stack of cargo should be at least 90%.

2.5.5. In the standards for strapping materials and packaging means, it is necessary to indicate the possibility of their use when transporting cargo on an open rolling stock, including in conditions of exposure to the marine environment, taking into account the requirements of GOST 15150.

2.6. Heavy cargo and oversized equipment (TG)

2.6.1. Equipment in boxes and unpacked, metal structures, the specific pressure from which on vehicles exceeds the allowable, must be transported according to special projects, the need for the development of which is determined by the carrier.

2.6.2. On each TG, the places of the sling and the center of gravity must be marked without fail. If, in order to ensure the safety of the cargo and the safety of transshipment operations when moving by cranes, the use of any spacer beams, frames and other special devices, except for the usual ring or end slings, is required, a lashing diagram must be attached to each package or such a diagram must be sent to the transport organization before the arrival of the cargo.

2.6.3. The lashing points must be equipped and placed on the load, and the load must be installed on the vehicle so that the winding of the load handling devices can be carried out without preliminary lifting and moving away.

2.6.4. If any special load handling devices, frames, traverses, etc. are required for handling operations. which are not available at the transfer point, they must be supplied by the consignor together with the cargo or in advance. The need for such a supply must be agreed in advance.

2.6.5. Schemes of slinging TG of large dimensions or complex shape must be agreed with transport organizations in advance, and the shipment of goods is carried out only after such an agreement.

2.6.6. Cargoes with a complex configuration of the supporting surface, cylindrical, spherical and conical, must be presented for transportation together with special supports, pedestals and keel blocks necessary for stacking in a warehouse and placing on a vehicle.

2.6.7. Placement and fastening of TG is carried out, as a rule, in accordance with special transportation projects.

2.6.8. The cargo owner submits, at the request of the carrier, a project for the transportation of heavy cargo.

The development of the project is carried out by a specialized design organization, a carrier or by order of the cargo owner and at his expense.

2.6.9. The project for the transportation of heavy cargo should include: the choice of a vehicle, schemes and calculations for the placement and securing of cargo, calculations of the stability and strength of vehicles, calculations and documentation for their retrofitting, transshipment technology, preparations for loading and unloading points.

The project should provide for the submission by the consignor to the point of departure of the necessary auxiliary materials and devices for loading and unloading, storage, fastening and transportation (traverses, frames, gaskets, racks, beams, wedges, etc.).

2.7. Packaged cargo

2.7.1. Packaged goods must be presented for transportation in packages or containers.

2.7.2. Unpackaged piece cargo (cylinders, bottles, canisters) should be presented for transportation only in packages or containers.

Goods that are not suitable for containers, for example, goods in bags (cement, alumina, etc.), should be presented for carriage in packages.

2.7.3. Packaged goods, the tare strength of which is insufficient, must be presented for transportation in box and rack pallets in accordance with GOST 9570 in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19848 or in containers.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPMENT

3.1 Goods that require packaging to protect against loss, damage and damage, or that pose a danger to people, transshipment and vehicles in unpacked form, must be offered for transportation in containers and packaging that meets the requirements of the standards.

The dimensions of the shipping container and packaging must comply with GOST 21140, dangerous goods - GOST 26319, products shipped to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas - GOST 15846.

3.2. The design of the container must withstand tests in accordance with GOST 25014.

3.2.1. When placing vehicles in cargo spaces in several tiers in height, the tare load () in kPa is calculated by the formula

where - weight of the package (gross), t;

- the number of tiers in height (the maximum height of the cargo space is 7-8 m).

The specific load from the mass of one package must not exceed 20 kPa (2.0 t/m).

3.2.2. The fastening of cargo in containers along the horizontal component must withstand the load () in kgf, calculated by the formula

where is the weight of the cargo (net), kg.

The means of fastening cargo in packages must ensure their safety under the action of maximum, inertial loads that occur on the modes of transport involved in the transportation.

3.2.3. When lifting in slings, a container with a load must withstand the load (compression force from the sling) () in newtons, calculated by the formula

where is the weight of the cargo (gross), kg.

3.3. Cargoes in a shipping container with a gross weight of more than 1 t, machines, equipment, assemblies and parts presented for transportation without packaging or with partial protection, for the convenience of performing transshipment operations and the possibility of fastening on a vehicle, must have devices (rings, brackets, butt, hooks , mounting loops, sling holes) or places for slinging or winding flexible fastening elements and inserting the forklift forks.

barrels must be without dents, smudges, with complete set hoops;

bags must be intact, dry, ensuring the safety of the cargo during re-transportation and reloading;

the packaging should not have protruding sharp objects in the form of nails, wire.

3.6. The mechanical strength of the returnable packaging must comply with the requirements of the standards given in clause 3.4.

APPENDIX (reference). EXPLANATION TO THE TERM USED IN THE STANDARD

APPENDIX
Reference


Term	Explanation
General cargo	Various piece cargo: metal products, mobile equipment (self-propelled and non-self-propelled on wheeled or caterpillar tracks), reinforced concrete products and structures, containers, packaged cargo, cargo in transport packages, oversized and heavy cargo, timber cargo

The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
M.: Publishing house of standards, 1990


Designation	GOST 26653-90
Title in Russian	Preparation of general cargo for transportation. General requirements
Title in English	Preparation of general cargoes for transportation. General requirements
Date of entry into force	01.07.1991
OKS	55.020
KGS code	D08
OKSTU code	0079
SRSTI rubricator index	818811; 7301
Annotation (scope)	This standard establishes general requirements for the preparation of general cargo for transportation in direct and mixed traffic: sea, river, rail, road and air transport
Keywords	general cargo; preparation for transportation;
Type of standard	Fundamental Standards
Type of requirements	Requirements for certification
Designation of the replacement(s)	GOST 26653-85
Normative references to: GOST	GOST 1.5-85; GOST 1639-78; GOST 2787-86; GOST 7566-81; GOST 9142-84; GOST 9570-84; GOST 10198-78; GOST 10692-80; GOST 14192-77; GOST 15150-69; GOST 15151-69; GOST 15846-79; GOST 16369-80; GOST 18425-73; GOST 18477-79; GOST 19433-88; GOST 19848-74; GOST 21136-75; GOST 21140-75; GOST 21391-84; GOST 21399-75; GOST 21650-76; GOST 21929-76; GOST 22235-76; GOST 22477-77; GOST 23238-78; GOST 23285-78; GOST 24597-81; GOST 25014-81; GOST 25064-81; GOST 26319-84; GOST 26663-85; GOST 26838-86
Department of Rostekhregulirovanie	510 - Scientific and technical management
MND developer	Russian Federation
Interstate TC	223 - Packing
Date of last edition	05.09.1990
Number of pages (original)	15
Status	Active

GOST 26653-90

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PREPARATION OF GENERAL CARGO
TO TRANSPORTATION

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

IPK STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE

Moscow

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PREPARATION OF GENERAL CARGO
TO TRANSPORTATION

General requirements

Preparation of general cargoes for transportation.
General requirements

GOST
26653-90

Date of introduction 01.07.91

This standard establishes general requirements for the preparation of general cargo for transportation in direct and mixed traffic: sea, river, rail, road and air transport.

The requirements of the standard should be taken into account when developing standards, technical specifications for products prepared for transportation, in terms of packaging, labeling, transportation and storage, when planning and organizing the shipment of goods, concluding agreements and contracts for the supply of export and import goods.

1.2. Preparation of cargo for transportation should ensure:

Safety of cargo throughout the transportation and safety of the vehicle and the environment;

Maximum use of the carrying capacity and (or) carrying capacity of vehicles and lifting mechanisms with the obligatory ensuring the safety of the cargo and the safety of its transportation;

Necessary strength of cargo packaging during stacking and reloading operations;

Convenience of carrying out cargo operations, fastening and placement on vehicles and in warehouses.

1.3. When preparing cargo for transportation, the following should be taken into account:

Cargo properties, transportation area, delivery time and season;

The duration of the impact of hydrometeorological factors, including in microclimatic regions;

The dynamic nature of the loads acting on the corresponding mode of transport;

Capacity and dimensions of cargo spaces, vehicles;

The need to secure cargo;

The need to ensure certain temperature, ventilation and humidity conditions in the cargo spaces of vehicles;

The possibility of complex mechanization of transshipment processes to ensure high labor productivity and reduce vehicle downtime during loading and unloading;

Non-compliance of the form of presentation of cargo for transportation with the technological requirements of the transshipment and transportation processes;

The possibility of enlargement and unification of packages in order to create conditions for the mechanization and automation of the movement and slinging of goods.

1.5. Packing equipment for package transportation to the Far North should be predominantly single use.

1.6. The transport container and packaging of the cargo must ensure its safety during the production of cargo operations using load gripping devices.

1.7. Cargo labeling must comply with the requirements and the requirements provided for in the regulatory and technical documentation for specific products.

1.10. Tare and packaging of goods sent to the Far North must comply with the requirements.

1.12. The cargo and its packaging presented for transportation in mixed and direct communications must ensure their safety during transshipment, as well as the safety of railway rolling stock in accordance with.

2.1. Metal products

2.1.1. Preparation of certain types of metal products for transportation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements , as well as the current regulatory and technical documentation for certain types of metal products.

2.1.3. When packing long metal products according to , load-bearing means of baling with upper grip points should be used, or the configuration of the bales and methods of their placement in vehicles should allow slinging and unslinging without lifting, spreading and other similar manual operations. Deviation from this rule is allowed only upon agreement with the port or railway station where the cargo is sent, if they have special lifting equipment (magnets, manipulators, etc.). An indication of the possibility of slinging for load-bearing strapping and packaging means must be marked on the cargo or included in the cargo documents.

2.1.4. Rolled metal products (rails, bars, shaped steel, pipes up to 350 mm in diameter, etc.), non-ferrous metal ingots, copper and nickel cathodes, packed and unpacked coils (rolled wire, barbed wire, etc.) must be delivered for transportation in packages.

2.1.5. Heavy and long scrap metal must be divided into parts in accordance with . Small metal waste is pressed into bags or stacked in bales. Small scrap in the form of used hardware, tools, non-ferrous metal scrap is packed in strong containers: boxes, barrels or specialized containers.

Only recycled scrap is accepted for transportation in mixed traffic.

2.2.1. In the documents for self-propelled equipment and in the information leaflet attached to the windshield of the cab from the inside, the name and brand of fuel with which it is refueled should be indicated. At the time of loading onto vehicles, mobile equipment must be refueled in an amount of at least 5 dm 3 for cars and at least 12 dm 3 for all other types of self-propelled equipment.

2.2.2. The engine cooling system must be filled with antifreeze (antifreeze), and the batteries are filled with electrolyte, charged and ready to start the engine.

At an outside air temperature above 4 °C, the engine cooling system can be filled with water.

When loading self-propelled equipment onto vehicles at an outside air temperature below 4 °C and in the absence of antifreeze in the cooling system, it is allowed to fill it with hot water. Drainage of water from the cooling system should be carried out immediately after loading the equipment onto the vehicle.

2.2.3. When transporting mobile equipment in mixed traffic, its preparation for transportation is carried out by consignors in accordance with the requirements for vehicles according to.

2.2.4. Light and sound alarms, as well as all other devices that ensure traffic safety, must be installed and in good working order on the machines.

2.2.7. Passenger cars shipped in packaged form must be presented for transportation in wooden lattice boxes according to.