Construction country house always brings with it a lot of waste, effort and calculations, which, however, not everyone is able to fulfill. After all, it is not enough to want to build a house from foam concrete materials, you need to know the features and subtleties of the workflow. In this article, we will consider what thickness of foam block walls is required for a residential building, and we will also build it ourselves, in accordance with all the rules and standards.
Material characteristics
Before deciding how thick a wall of foam blocks should be, let's take a look at the advantages of this material:
- High compressive strength - permissible values from 3.5 to 5 MPa. All this suggests that it is possible to build two or even three-story houses from foam blocks.
- With such lightweight, foam concrete block has a low density (depending on the quality of the material - from 400 to 1600 kg / m), 2-3 times lower than that of expanded clay.
- The foam block can be compared with wood in its thermal conductivity, and in comparison with ceramic brick, it even has an advantage. A 60 cm thick clay block wall retains heat as well as foam concrete masonry in 200 mm.
- It is worth noting and soundproofing properties this material, you do not need additional protection from noise if the blocks are well laid.
- And, of course, the price of foam blocks cannot be compared with anything. This product, even with transport services, will cost you less than all other building materials.
Finally, you can point out the availability of masonry material, that is, you can build a house from foam concrete blocks with your own hands, without special preparation.
Note! Do not forget that the too low cost of foam blocks is not a sign of quality; most likely, these are second-rate products that were made from waste of high-quality raw materials. So try to save wisely.
Related articles:
Wall thickness is a trick question
In search of what thickness to choose for a foam block wall, you can stumble upon many different arguments and judgments, most of which will turn out to be unreliable information.
In order to protect ourselves and find the right solution, we will describe several features from which you should build:
- Firstly, it is important to understand how low it falls in winter time temperature. In areas where the winter is very severe, thickened walls with additional thermal insulation are certainly required.
- Secondly, decide on a heater - whether you will mount it or get by ordinary plaster. For example, for houses where the wall thickness of the foam block is 300 mm, it is better to add a heat-insulating material with a thickness of 50-100 mm.
- Thirdly, insulation acts not only as a material that retains heat, but it also prevents ultraviolet rays on the foam block.
Note! The choice of foam concrete products should also be affected by their density, which varies, the higher the density, the more expensive the material.
Determine the thickness
Now let's conclude from the above, the recommended thickness of the outer walls of foam blocks for areas with moderate winters is 300 mm with a density of D600 and a layer of thermal insulation.
- This, so to speak, is golden mean, which is suitable for almost all regions of Russia. Additional thermal insulation outside the house allows you to survive the winter without feeling the cold in the living room.
- As for strength, even if the house is planned to be two-story, the maximum load on the walls of the first floor will not exceed 20 tons (together with the roof, floor slabs and furnishings). And from specifications we know that every 100 mm of the foam block can withstand a load of up to 10 tons.
Important! The only thing worth paying attention to is strength and resistance to physical influences. 300 mm is quite small, it is easy to break through such a wall with a sledgehammer, but 400 mm blocks are already more dense and durable.
On the other hand, you can clearly find out by example how thick the wall of foam blocks should be.
Thermal conductivity calculations
You must know what resistance outer wall heat transfer (with all finishing materials) must exceed 3.5 degrees per m2 / W.
To determine the thickness, let's take a closer look at this process based on the various densities of foam concrete:
- From the technical specifications, you can find out that the D600 and D800 units have coefficients of 0.14 and 0.21 deg * m2 / W, respectively.
- As finishing materials facing brick is used (0.56 deg*m2/W) and decorative plaster(0.58 deg*m2/W).
Let's start the calculation:
- To begin with, we will determine the thickness of the brickwork and plaster, usually (for facades without thermal insulation materials) the brick is laid in two rows, that is - 120 mm.
- Now we translate this into meters and divide by the thermal conductivity of the facing material, we get a resistance equal to 0.21.
- We do the same with plaster and as a result, the resistance is 0.03.
Now it remains to substitute all our numbers into a simple formula:
- Foam concrete with a density of 600 = 3.5 (total heat transfer resistance) - 0.21 (brick) - 0.03 (plaster) and all this is multiplied by 0.14 (foam block coefficient). As a result, we get about 450 mm (do not forget to convert from meters). It is this thickness that the wall with the materials described above should be.
- Foam concrete with a density of 800 - (3.5 - 0.21 - 0.03) * 0.21 = about 680 mm.
As you can see, in the second case, a thicker wall will be required, which means that there will be more expenses. On the other hand, add expanded polystyrene here (the most common insulation) and the thickness of the facade will be significantly reduced.
Important! Optimal Thickness the walls of a cinder block house are calculated in a similar way, with one but - it is necessary to take into account the moisture-proof material, since without it this material will lose strength. On average, the walls of cinder block structures, in areas with possible cooling down to -30 degrees, are erected with a thickness of 70-80 cm.
Construction process - building walls
And now, as promised, the instruction for the construction of external walls, taking into account all the factors affecting the material:
- First you need to prepare the foundation for work: clean it from dust and dirt, level it if there are irregularities.
- After, count required amount materials: foam blocks and adhesive solution. To make it easier for you to navigate, in one cubic meter about 30 blocks with dimensions of 200x300x600 mm (we chose them so that the wall thickness was 300 mm). The calculation of glue can be taken approximately - about 30 kg per 1 m3 of wall, so the main thing is to find out total area erected walls.
Note! It is better to determine the amount of materials at the design stage in order to avoid extra costs, take into account all points, up to window openings and internal partitions.
- When all the materials and tools are in place, you can start preparing the solution, unless, of course, you bought the finished mixture.
- Initially, the adhesive is applied to the surface of the foam block, which is placed on the foundation or floor slab.
- Before the adjacent block lies down, the end face is well smeared with glue so that there are no hollow gaps between the products.
- To eliminate excess glue from under the foam concrete, you should knock on it with a mallet.
- The second row is laid out with a shift of materials so that the vertical joints do not coincide, for this it is necessary to cut one block in half and start laying from the half.
Since foam concrete products are easy to process, you should not have any problems making holes for window and door openings.
Now it remains to finish and insulate the facade of the foam block house:
- For brick finishing, foam concrete wall, between the blocks, fix several rods of thin reinforcement, this is necessary in order to connect the inner wall with brickwork. However, first it is required to install polystyrene foam boards with the help of dish-shaped nails.
- If you use only plaster, then initially, on top of finished wall, reinforcing mesh should be fixed. Then it is necessary to apply a thick layer of heat-insulating plaster so that it hides the mesh underneath. Finishing layer – decorative trim, which protects the inner layer from ultraviolet radiation and humidity.
Features of working with foam concrete
In addition to all of the above, you should understand a few important points relating directly to the foam blocks:
- The calculation of the wall thickness should be carried out according to the rules if you are sure of the quality of the building material. Do not forget that density is the main criterion by which a product is selected.
- For foam blocks, it is better to use special adhesive solutions than the usual cement-sand mixture. If you are not sure that you can maintain the correct proportions, it is better to purchase finished products which can be used immediately after opening the package.
- I would also like to clarify that foam concrete does not have increased resistance to water, so it is necessary to use additional hydrophobic materials. small investment to protect the walls and you will extend their service life for several years.
- For interior partitions it is enough to use foam blocks with a thickness of 200 mm, and some house builders generally build internal walls 100 mm thick. In fact, this is enough, but do not forget that what thinner material the lower the sound insulation. Therefore, soundproofing films are usually installed with such partitions.
Conclusion
As you can see, there are not so many factors influencing the thickness of the cinder block wall and determining this parameter. Basically, these are weather conditions and, of course, the presence of a second floor or attic space.
In any case, you need to adapt exactly to what you have, while focusing on your financial capabilities. Trying to guess the thickness bearing walls, decide on it in advance if you use a strip foundation as a base.
In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
Hello Nikolay.
First of all, I want to draw your attention to what foam blocks are and for what reason they should not be used to build a house. And if we consider cellular concrete, then use not foam blocks, but gas silicate / aerated concrete blocks.
I explain.
Foam blocks- is a variety cellular concrete, the production process of which is quite simple. Used cement, sand and foaming agent. As a foaming agent, compositions on an organic or synthetic basis can be used. In most cases, a synthetic-based blowing agent is used, since its price is much lower than that of an organic blowing agent. But the disadvantages of synthetics include the presence in its composition of toxic components classified as a second hazard class. After mixing the components, the curing process takes place "in the sun". In the case of foam blocks, most often we are dealing with handicraft production. When buying foam blocks, you are unlikely to be provided with test reports for strength, thermal conductivity, and frost resistance. You will not see the certificate of Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
gas silicate or aerated concrete blocks- also a kind of cellular concrete, the release of which is carried out at serious industries. Foam concentrates are not used. The process of curing takes place in autoclaves, where, under a certain regime: pressure, humidity, temperature, it is possible to obtain a higher strength of the block at the same density as the foam block. At a density of 500 kg / m 3, gas silicate blocks have strength 35kgf/cm 2 (M35), at the same density, foam blocks will have a strength no higher than 15kgf/cm 2 (M15).
It is unacceptable to build load-bearing walls from a block with M15 strength.
If you opt for cellular concrete blocks, I recommend using gas silicate blocks.
If you still dare to build a house worth several million rubles, using load-bearing walls as material handicraft foam blocks (2 100 rub/m3), characteristics (strength, thermal conductivity, frost resistance) of which will not be supported by any documents, then the total costs will be lower by only 42 515 rubles in comparison with the cost of building a house using the most heat-efficient ones among those produced in Russia, ceramic blocksKerakam Kaiman 30.
A detailed cost comparison that results in this difference is at the end of this answer.
When choosing between different materials for external walls, they usually compare basic characteristics, such as strength, thermal conductivity. Compare total costs.
In order.
1. Strength.
We design houses using gas silicate blocks with a density of 500 kg/m3 (D500). Compressive strength gas silicate blocks at this density - B2.5, which is equivalent to the strength grade M35(35 kgf/cm2).
We also use ceramic blocks for external walls. Kerakam Kaiman 30, the strength grade of which M75(75kgf/cm2).
What follows - the strength of ceramic blocksKerakam Kaiman 30outperform gas silicate blocks by more than 2 times.
Due to the fact that gas silicate blocks have low strength, according to the manufacturer's instructions, it is required to reinforce the masonry in order (every third row), with a strobe device, laying reinforcing bars in them and sinking the latter into a layer of glue.
Ceramic block masonry Kerakam Kaiman 30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, per meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, which is laid in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive chasing and subsequent covering of the reinforcement in the strobe with glue is not required.
Masonry mortar during the installation of ceramic blocks is applied only along the horizontal masonry seam. The bricklayer applies the solution immediately to one and a half to two meters of masonry and starts each next block along the groove-ridge. The laying is very fast.
When installing gas silicate blocks, the solution must also be applied to side surface blocks. It is obvious that the speed and laboriousness of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.
For professional masons, sawing ceramic blocks is not a problem. For this purpose, it is used reciprocating saw, with the help of the same saw, gas silicate blocks are also sawn. In each row of the wall, only one block is required to be cut.
A builder known to you recommends applying the technology of three-layer masonry.
When choosing this technology should be understood.
The weak link in the three-layer construction of the outer wall is the insulation.
The service life of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene is 20-25 years. This is due to the fact that the glue that connects the fibers in the mineral wool gradually evaporates.
Some developers believe that expanded polystyrene will last longer. This is not true. Over time, the thermal bonding of the expanded polystyrene balls to each other is broken, due to the fact that during the heating period, wet vapors entering the expanded polystyrene from a heated room will condense in the expanded polystyrene itself and freeze at low temperatures. And as you know, ice has a larger volume than water, this leads to the fact that the ice "unclenches" the thermally bonded balls, destroying the thermal bonding of the latter cycle by cycle.
The use of expanded polystyrene in tandem with blocks of cellular concrete is not desirable, because. violated basic principle devices of multilayer structures - the vapor permeability of the layers should increase from the inside to the outside. Violation of this principle will lead to an increase in the mass ratio of moisture in the structure of cellular concrete blocks, which in turn will reduce the comfort of living in the house and worsen the thermal performance of the entire structure as a whole. Reduce the life of the building as a whole.
Processes that will develop during the destruction of the insulation in the three-layer structure of the outer wall.
- Losing adhesive bond with each other, mineral wool fibers or polystyrene foam balls will begin to settle inside wall structure, clogging the ventilation gap and exposing sections of the outer wall of the house.
- The ventilation gap clogged with insulation fibers will cease to perform its function - removal of wet vapors / contributing to the drying of the insulation layer.
- As a result, this will lead to a significant deterioration in the thermal performance of the remaining insulation, which in turn will affect the thermal performance of the outer wall and heating costs.
- The humidity of the external wall structure will increase from year to year, and this will concern not only the insulation, but also the material of the load-bearing wall, as well as facing brick.
- And if in such a situation not to produce overhaul facade of the house - break the front masonry, clean the facade of the remnants of insulation, install a new insulation, lay out a new laying of the front brick, the process of accelerated destruction of the front masonry will begin and load-bearing structures at home.
2. Thermal conductivity.
To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Moscow, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W).
Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °C ∙ day/year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings") for the city of Moscow.
GSOP = (t in - t out)z out,
where,
t in- the design temperature of the internal air of the building, ° С, taken when calculating the enclosing structures of the groups of buildings indicated in table 3 (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings"): according to pos. 1 - by minimum values optimum temperature corresponding buildings in accordance with GOST 30494 (in the range 20
- 22 °С);
t from- average outdoor air temperature, °С during the cold period, for the city of Moscow meaning -2,2
°C;
z from- duration, days / year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for the period with an average daily outdoor temperature of not more than 8 ° C, for the city Moscow meaning 205 days.
The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings is determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings)
R tr 0 \u003d a * GSOP + b
where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- coefficients, the values of which should be taken according to table No. 3 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value a should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4
The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the considered structure:
R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158
Where,
Σ
– symbol of summation of layers for multilayer structures;
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer material under the condition of operational humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which can be taken as a constant for simplicity.
Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.
R r 0 \u003d R 0 x r
Where,
r- coefficient of thermal engineering homogeneity of structures with inhomogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, porches, etc.)
according to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry from large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas silicate blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .
At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that
- we recommend laying with a warm masonry mortar (this significantly eliminates heterogeneity at the joints);
- as connections between the bearing wall and the front masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which conduct heat literally 100 times less than steel connections (this significantly eliminates the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
- window slopes and doorways, according to our project documentation they are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates heterogeneity in places of window and door openings, vestibules).
R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.
We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what thermal conductivity coefficient λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.
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The procedure for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified normative document Let's follow the step by step instructions. 1st step. Let's define hhumidity level of the building region - Moscow using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". |
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According to the city table Moscow located in zone 2 (normal climate). We accept the value 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. According to Table No. 1 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I would like to draw your attention to heating season humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. Humidity of 40-50% is considered comfortable for a person. |
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According to Table 1, the humidity regime in the room during the heating period at an air temperature of 12 to 24 degrees and relative humidity up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. According to Table No. 2 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with humidity column for city Moscow, as explained earlier, is the value normal. |
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Summary. Here you can see Thermal conductivity test report for Kerakam Kaiman 30 ceramic blocks . |
Consider the laying of the outer wall, using ceramic blocks
Kerakam Kaiman 30 and foam blocks of handicraft production, lined with ceramic hollow bricks.
 For use case ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman 30 total wall thickness excluding plaster layer 430mm (300mm ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman 30+ 10mm technological gap filled with cement-perlite mortar + 120mm face masonry). 1 layer(pos.1) - 20mm thermal insulation cement-perlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18 W / m * C). Pos. 3 - warm masonry mortar |
Consider the masonry of the outer wall, using foam blocks, with mineral wool insulation, lined with ceramic hollow bricks.  For the option of using a foam block, the total wall thickness without taking into account the plaster layer is 510mm (300mm gas silicate block D500 + 50mm mineral wool insulation + 40mm ventilation gap + 120mm face masonry). 1 layer(no number) - 20mm heat-insulating cement-perlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18 W / m * C). * - the layer of facing bricks in the calculation of the thermal resistance of the structure is not taken into account, because according to the technology of masonry walls with insulation, the front masonry is carried out with the device ventilation gap, and ensuring free air circulation in it. it required condition to ensure the normative humidity of the structure, and first of all, the insulation. |
Kerakam Kaiman 30
R 0 Cayman30 \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.300 / 0.094 + 0.01 / 0.12 + 0.12 / 0.45 + 0.158 \u003d 3.81 m 2 *S/W
D500 with insulation 50mm
R 0 \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.300 / 0.123 + 0.05 / 0.045 + 0.158 \u003d 4.21 m 2
*S/W
We consider the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 of the structures under consideration.
The design of the external wall in which the block is used Kerakam Kaiman 30
R r 0 Cayman30 =3.81 m 2 *C/W * 0.98 = 3.73 m 2
*S/W
The design of the external wall in which the gas silicate block is used D500(500kg / m 3) with a layer of mineral wool insulation 50mm.
R r 0 D500\u003d 4.21 m 2 * C / W * 0.98 \u003d 4.13 m 2
*S/W
The reduced thermal resistance of the two structures under consideration is higher than the required thermal resistance for the city of Moscow, which means that both structures satisfy the SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the city of Moscow (2.9929 m 2 * C / W .
Any owner who decides to build Vacation home, wants it to be warm, cozy, and living in it - comfortable. perfect building material for the construction of a private dwelling recent times cellular concrete, in particular foam blocks, is deservedly recognized.
In the article we will talk about what should be the thickness of the walls of foam blocks for load-bearing walls and partitions, so that the building is strong, reliable and durable.
Comparative characteristics of masonry materials
So, for clarity, we will compile a table of the main indicators of cellular concrete in comparison with other analogues.
We take the most popular materials for construction residential buildings: brick, expanded clay and aerated concrete:
| Indicators | Brick (clay and silicate) | Expanded clay concrete | aerated concrete | foam concrete |
| Weight 1 m3 (kg) | 1200–2000 | 500–900 | 90–900 | 90–900 |
| Density (kg/m3) | 1550–1950 | 900–1200 | 300–1200 | 300–1200 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/m*K) | 0,6–1,15 | 0,75–0,98 | 0,07–0,38 | 0,07–0,38 |
| Water absorption (% by mass) | 12–16 | 18 | 20 | 14 |
| Frost resistance (number of cycles) | 25 | 25 | 35 | 35 |
| Compressive strength (Mpa) | 2,5–30 | 3,5–7,5 | 0,15–25,0 | 0,1–12,5 |
Based on the table, we draw conclusions on the advantages of foam concrete:
- By weight foam blocks are equal only to aerated concrete (see), low weight facilitates transportation and carrying. And given the significant size of the blocks, then laying and reducing construction time.
- By thermal conductivity foam and gas blocks are unparalleled, which means that a house made of these materials is more ergonomic, it will always be warm and comfortable in it at low heating costs.
- water absorption foam concrete has much less than other analogues, which means that the risk of moisture penetration into the room is reduced, and, accordingly, dampening of the walls, the formation of fungus, mold, and so on.
Important! Humidity in the room should be no more than 60%, but in any case, the waterproofing of wall surfaces is done with all responsibility, since the moisture absorption of the foam block, although small, is still present.
- Number of freeze and defrost cycles foam blocks have more than, for example, bricks, so the service life of the building increases. By the way, experts say that over the years the foam block is only gaining strength, but the brick, on the contrary, is subject to destruction.
- Foam concrete works in compression a little worse than brick or aerated concrete, but this indicator depends on the brand of foam blocks - the higher it is, the stronger the wall. You can increase this parameter.
Especially it should be said about the cost of this material, the price of foam blocks is 2-3 times lower than for other building materials.
Types and brands of foam blocks
We digressed a little from the topic, promised to talk about how thick the wall of foam blocks should be. And it depends just on the type of foam concrete and brand, so we give a table of existing designations for blocks of cellular concrete.
I must say that all foam blocks are also divided by appearance, they are:
- Thermal insulation.
They are used to insulate the contour of the walls of buildings and the installation of internal self-supporting partitions.
- Structural and thermal insulation.
They are used for both additional insulation, and for the construction of partitions and walls of low-rise buildings.
- Structural.
They serve for the construction of responsible, load-bearing structures (foundations (see), plinths, walls).
Important! The brand of the foam block is indicated by the letter D, for example, the D 800 block has a density of 800 kg / m3. With an increase in density, the thermal insulation qualities of the blocks deteriorate, therefore structural types additional insulation is recommended.
About unique features quite a lot has been said about foam concrete, we will not analyze its pros and cons in detail, we will finally move on to choosing the thickness of the walls.
Features of determining the thickness of the walls
To clearly show the advantage thermal insulation properties foam concrete, let's take a wall of foam blocks of 60 cm, and now let's see what the wall thickness of other materials should be equal to, which has the same thermal conductivity:
- Beam - 52 cm.
- Expanded clay concrete - 101 cm.
- Brick - 230 cm.
- Concrete - 450 cm.
In terms of heat retention, foam concrete is only equal to wood, all other materials will require additional insulation, otherwise there will be a huge overrun and incredible wall thickness.
The choice of thickness is influenced by the following parameters:
If the building is one-story, the floor is wooden, the roof is not heavy, then grades D600–D800 are usually taken for load-bearing walls. With a house with several floors and reinforced concrete floors apply more high marks D900-D1200. For partitions, blocks D200–D400 are used.
- Dimensions and thickness of foam blocks.
In areas with a temperate climate, houses are built with a wall thickness of 30 cm, for this they take a foam block measuring 30x30x60 (width, height, length) and lay it along.
For cold regions, walls are erected with a thickness of 60 cm, the same block is laid in two rows.
A foam block wall thickness of 20 cm is made mainly for internal load-bearing partitions, both interior and separating the living space from the veranda, as well as for garages and outbuildings. Self-supporting partitions in bathrooms or pantries are mounted from semi-blocks 10 (15) x20 (30) x60.
- Soundproofing of rooms.
If you need to isolate the room from the penetration of noise from next room or from the street, it is better to take wider blocks. For example, foam blocks with a thickness of 30 cm will more reliably reduce the noise level than with a width of 20 or 15 cm. A thickness of 10-15 cm will require additional sound insulation.
- Warming.
When external insulation of surfaces is planned, the thickness of the foam blocks is taken at a maximum of 30 cm, bricks, thin semi-blocks (10x20 (30) x60) or other facing materials are used for decoration. Due to the insulation layer placed between the main wall and the sheathing, the thermal insulation of the room increases significantly.
If the house is being built without additional insulation (for example, foam blocks with a finished facade are used), then the instruction recommends increasing the wall thickness to 60 cm.
Now insulated foam blocks are being produced, which immediately contain insulation and facing material. In this case, a wall of foam blocks (thickness 20 cm + 8–10 cm foam + facade tiles) will withstand even severe frosts.
Important! It must be remembered that the higher the density, the worse the sound and heat insulation. For example, the thermal conductivity of a wall made of foam blocks D600 with a thickness of 45 cm is equal to a wall made of D800, but with a thickness of 68 cm!
The same goes for interior layout. For partitions, the thickness of the D200 foam block of 10-15 cm better soundproofs the room than D300 or D400 of the same thickness.
Accurately calculate all parameters for wall thickness, quantity required material, the brand of foam blocks can be found on the calculator available on any construction site. If you want to calculate the wall thickness yourself, then refer to SNIP II-3-79. It contains the values of all the necessary indicators for calculating the heat transfer of any wall composition and various foam block densities.
Conclusion
As we found out, the thickness of the foam block for partitions and walls of the building is calculated quite simply. In addition to the parameters presented, it also depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, the desires and financial capabilities of the owners.
All the same, somewhere in something you will have to adapt to the size of the site or the type of foundation. But it is still desirable to adhere to the basic rules. Additional information is contained in the presented video in this article, we hope that the photos will also help you quickly decide on this issue.
In this article, I will give my arguments in favor of wall insulation from foam blocks. It’s not that I am a supporter of this particular construction technology, but it is precisely about the insulation of foam blocks that a lot of controversy arises due to the fact that they have a rather low coefficient of thermal conductivity.
Many believe that the thickness of 375 mm foam and aerated concrete blocks is enough to build a house in the western part of Russia. Having made calculations, I can say that this is not so, and it is necessary to insulate houses from foam and aerated concrete blocks.
The minimum allowable wall thickness of foam blocks according to bearing capacity- 300 mm with a strength class of at least B2.0 for two-story buildings, and we will build on it.
Reason for the need for external insulation No. 1
If you finish the surface with plaster, then all the same, moisture will partially penetrate into the foam block and thereby worsen its thermal properties, therefore, for comparison, we will take a brick finish, because. in the long run, it is still more profitable than plaster.
- Foam block D600 - 300 mm x 2800 rubles / m³ = 840 rubles / m²;
- Masonry adhesive, consumption 19.5 kg per 1 m³ of masonry, price 288 rubles / 25 kg = 11.52 rubles / kg, total 19.5 * 0.3 * 11.52 = 67.4 rubles / m²;
- The cost of the installation of foam blocks is 2350 rubles / m³, a total of 705 rubles / m².
Total, excluding finishing and cladding - 1612.4 rubles / m².
Face brick finish:
- Brick front price 10 rubles / m², consumption 51 pieces / m² \u003d 510 rubles / m²;
- Masonry mortar 2350 rub/m³, consumption 0.0288 m³/m²=67.68 rub/m²;
- Flexible connections 22 rubles/piece, consumption 4 pieces/m² = 88 rubles/m²;
- The cost of work is 1100 rubles / m².
The total cost of finishing with face bricks is 1765.68 rubles / m².
The total cost of the wall when finished with bricks is 3378.08 rubles / m².
Now compare with a 375 mm wall.
The thermal resistance of a wall made of foam block with a thickness of 375 mm is 2.83 (m 2 ∙ ° C).
Calculate the cost of 1 m² of such a wall:
- Foam block D600 - 375 mm x 2800 rubles / m³ = 1050 rubles / m²;
- Masonry adhesive, consumption 19.5 kg per 1 m³ of masonry, price 288 rubles / 25 kg = 11.52 rubles / kg, total 19.5 * 0.375 * 11.52 = 84.24 rubles / m²;
- The cost of the installation of foam blocks is 2350 rubles / m³, total 881.25 rubles / m².
Total, excluding finishing and cladding - 2015.49 rubles / m².
The cost of finishing is the same, we get that a wall with a thickness of 375 mm is more expensive than a wall of 300 mm by 403.09 rubles / m².
Now let's calculate the amount of heat that will go through these walls during the heating period for the Moscow region. Heat loss is calculated by the formula:
The internal temperature (text) is +22 °C;
the average outdoor air temperature during the heating season (tout) for Moscow is -2.2 °C (see Table 3.1 of SP 131.13330.2012);
F is the surface area, we count per 1 m²;
τ is the time of the heating period of 205 days, multiplied by 24 hours, total 4920 hours;
R is the thermal resistance of the wall.
Total heat loss for a 300 mm wall Q=(22+2.2)*1*4920/2.3=51767 W*h;
for wall 375 mm Q=(22+2.2)*1*4920/2.83=42072 W*h.
We translate kW * h into MJ (1 kW * h \u003d 3.6 MJ):
wall 300 mm - 186.36 MJ;
wall 375 mm - 151.46 MJ.
The savings on heating is 34.9 MJ.
