Mood forms
1) Verbs in the indicative mood denote an action that is happening, has happened and will happen. From the very name - "indicative" - it follows that the action takes place in reality, in reality.
A verb in the indicative mood can change over tenses: for example, I play, I played, I will play.
2) Verbs in conditional mood denote an action that could occur under certain conditions.
The conditional mood is formed using the particle "would", as well as the form of the past tense: learn, read.
3) Verbs in the imperative mood denote an action that someone asks or orders to perform.
Such verbs in most cases are used in the form of the second person (sit down, stand up), as well as with the particle "-ka" (read-ka, run-ka). Imperative verbs are often accompanied by an exclamation point.
Rules: indicative mood
To determine what mood the verb is, you need to look at the sentence in which it is used, pay attention to the presence of the particle "would" or the fact of a request, an order.
Most often there are verbs of the indicative mood - this is the form that we use in everyday life.
Indicative verbs can be seen in narrative, descriptive and reasoning texts, since this form is almost universal.
Verbs in the indicative mood can be in any tense - past, present or future. This is due to the fact that the indicative mood does not carry almost any emotional coloring(unlike, for example, imperative, which is possible only in the future tense).
Also, the verb in the indicative mood can change according to the category of the person, as well as the category of the aspect - to be perfect or imperfect form.
It must be remembered that in individual cases verbs of the indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative mood: "Go, go!", "And bring me kvass" - as a rule, such a choice is made so that the appeal sounds polite, and not like an order.
An indicative verb can contain an interrogative intonation. But it is also possible Feedback: the use of the imperative verb in the meaning of the indicative - "Someone and whisper in my ear ..." - to create the effect of description.
This choice, as a rule, is explained by the author's desire to give his text a brighter stylistic coloring. In neutral speech, such techniques are usually not used.
That's why it's so important. This part of speech is necessary in order to correctly name and describe the action. Like other parts of speech, it has its own morphological features, which can be permanent and non-permanent. So, permanent morphological features include person, gender, time, number. Let's deal with such a concept as the inclination of a verb in Russian. How to define it? All these questions can be answered in this article.
In contact with
What is inclination?
This is a grammatical feature of the verb, which helps to change the word. This category is required for express process relation, which just calls this word, to reality.
Important! The verb forms are indicative, imperative and conditional.
.Depending on how words express their attitude to those processes that actually occur, there are moods for verbs:
- direct;
- indirect.
By direct is meant the indicative mood, which allows you to objectively convey the action. Example: We watched a movie yesterday.
Indirect is an imperative or imperative mood. It serves to express those processes that do not coincide with reality. For example: I would read this novel tomorrow, but I will go to visit.
Thinking about the definition of a verb
Kinds
The classification is based on features and features lexical meaning verbs.
In modern times, there are three types:
- Indicative.
- Conditional.
- Imperative.
The first type usually denotes the action that actually going on and could happen in the past, can happen in the present, and can happen in the future. For example: I will do my homework on Thursday.
The second type denotes an act that will be performed in the future, but already under a certain condition. For example: I would do my homework on Thursday, but I'm going to the theatre.
The third type is either an order to do something or a request. For example: Be sure to learn your lessons tomorrow.
Three types of verb mood
How to determine the mood of a verb
In order to determine this, it is necessary to understand how the action occurs and what grammatical characteristics it has. So, verbs in the indicative show a real act, so this word will change from time to time.
If the verb is in the imperative form, then it is the action will be performed by some other person. Such words usually encourage some kind of activity.
Therefore, the action will not be actually performed, but required. Most often, to get the imperative verb form, use certain time, for example, the future or the present, to which the suffix -i must be added. But it is possible without it. For example, catch, scream, die. If it is used in the plural, then the ending te is added respectfully to the ending of such a word. For example, catch, scream, die.
The conditional mood refers to those actions that could happen if there were all the necessary conditions. By the way, the conditional is also called the subjunctive. This form is easy to determine in the text, since it usually always has a particle would or b. For example, I would jump into the river if I had a swimsuit.
Important! Any verb word form can be used in oral and writing not only in direct meaning but also in a portable way. Usually figurative meaning completely changes the meaning of the word, so this category also changes.
indicative
The most common verbal word form in Russian is considered to be indicative, since it allows us to say that what actually happens to a person, object, or person. Only the indicative time can be determined, and how this action is performed will depend on what it is: in reality or it will be in the future.
Another feature of this form is the change in persons and numbers. If the verb is perfective, then it can change over time:
- The present.
- Future.
- Past.
Every time here is formed in its own way. So, the future tense is formed with the help of the word "to be", which is added to the verb in the indefinite form. But this complex shape future tense, and simple form- This . For example: I clean my apartment all day long. (present time). I cleaned my apartment all day long. (past time). I'll be cleaning the apartment all day long. (bud. vr.).
The indicative mood can be found in various types speech, and therefore in many speech situations these verb forms are the most common.
Conditional
Words that are used in a conditional form indicate those actions that can occur, but some conditions are necessary for this. For example: I would pass this test if they helped me. To form such forms, you just need to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle would or b. The particle can be placed anywhere in the sentence. It is necessary in order to highlight the word you need, which can be any part of speech.
The subjunctive, or conditional, has its own peculiarities of use. It allows not only to express some kind of action that could occur if special facilities were created for this, but also helps to express desires and dreams, doubts and fears.
The subjunctive mood in Russian helps to express the shades of the action condition. Examples: I would like to go to the sea if my work didn't keep me. There would be no trouble!
imperative
Imperative verbs induce the listener to do something. Such words, diverse in emotional and grammatical design, can be both polite when they contain some kind of request, and an order. For example: Please bring a book. Bring a book!
Each part of speech has its own morphological features that characterize its grammatical properties. Knowledge of these distinctive features will allow not only to correctly use word forms, but also to write them correctly. Characteristics influence, for example, the choice of suffixes for participles and gerunds and personal endings for nouns. To describe the verb, the form (perfect and imperfect), reflexivity, transitivity, tense, number, person, gender and mood are used. The last characteristic helps to determine other non-permanent properties of this part of speech and makes it possible to find out whether one or another form of the verb can be formed. What is the subjunctive, imperative and indicative mood? What is their role?
Definition
First, you need to understand what inclination is. According to dictionaries, this is a grammatical category denoting the relation of action to reality. In Russian, there are three, as mentioned above, moods. Complicated wording, right? Let's try it easier.
Each of the three moods is responsible for some specific situation. For example, to describe a possibility, an unrealistic, hypothetical action, the subjunctive mood is used ("I would go", "I would read", "I would draw"), which can be recognized by the particle "would". In order to order something, there is an imperative (“tell”, “go away”, “breathe”). The indicative mood of the verb allows you to report any action that occurred in the past, present and future - this is precisely the advantageous difference between this type of mood and others.
Some more theory
Let's move on to time. As mentioned above, the indicative mood can exist in any tense of the Russian language, only the form of the verb will change from this (“read - reads - will read”, “written down - will write down”). But there is one clarification here, which is already noticeable in the examples: for verbs of the imperfect form, both past, present and future tense are available, while the perfect form forms only past and future forms. Try to form the present tense for the verb "to speak". And make sure that you can do this only when its appearance changes. Thus, the form of the indicative mood allows you to understand what form a given verb has (easier to say, it answers the question “what to do?” Or “what to do?”).
Other moods
A useful clarification: not only the indicative mood allows you to talk about the tense of the verb. In the case of the subjunctive (it is also called conditional, by the way), everything is simple: exclusively the past, formed with the help of the suffix "l" ("I would read", "I would go in", "I would rest", "I would knit"). Therefore, words have only number and gender, no person. The particle "would", which serves as a kind of beacon of this type of mood, can be both before and after the verb, and, in principle, can be in any part of the sentence.
The indicative and imperative moods have person and number, but in the case of the latter one cannot speak of gender: for “orders” only the second person (“you / you”) is available in the singular and plural (“refuse / refuse”, “pour / pour” , "leave/leave"). By the way, there is one caveat here: using the particle “let” or “yes”, you can translate any verb in the third person (“he, she, it, they”) into the imperative mood (“let him come back”, “long live”).
Nuances
Sometimes it happens that the indicative mood of a verb can be used in the sense of an imperative. Some researchers note that it is possible to talk about the transition of one mood to another when an order is expressed that does not tolerate objections (“go”, “say”), or to indicate an incentive to joint action (“let's start”, “let's go” ). In the latter case, the particles "let's" / "let's" and the intonational emphasis of the verb are also used, explaining its meaning in the context. Compare: "Tomorrow we will go to the mountains" and "Let's go skiing!" It's the same word, but the shades of meaning are different.
Repetition
Now let's try to consolidate information about all types of inclination.
The subjunctive (it is also conditional) is a hypothetical action, a possible situation. It is formed by adding the particle “by” (“b”) to the past tense verb, does not have a person, changes only in numbers and gender: “would say”, “would drink”, “would quit”.
Imperative - an order or instruction. The verbs used are the second person singular and plural, but sometimes a third person is also allowed with the particle "let": "speak", "refuse", "let him sing", "long live".
The indicative mood is a description of an event that happened at any moment. Exists in the past, present and future tenses, in all persons, numbers and genders (for imperfective verbs, for perfect - only in the past and future tenses). Under certain conditions, it can move into other types of inclination. To repeat, we will use a table that shows all forms of the verb "read".
Past | The present | Future |
|
As you can see, everything is very simple. In fact, the mood of verbs is one of the simplest topics in the Russian language, so remembering all its nuances will not be difficult at all.
indicative mood An inclination denoting that the action is conceived by the speaker as affirmed or denied, as quite real, really happening, happening or about to happen. The indicative mood differs from other moods in that it has the forms of time. The indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative: a) to express an order that allows neither objections nor refusal. You go to the doctor, write out a prescription from him, and by three o'clock you will definitely return home with the medicine; b) to encourage joint action (forms with the affix -te add a hint of a polite invitation). Come quickly with me(Krylov). Let's go, my friend!(Chekhov). The same meaning is expressed in combination with the incentive particles give (give) and let's (let's). Let's fly away(Pushkin). let's go(Chekhov).
Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what the "indicative mood" is in other dictionaries:
indicative mood- The inclination of the verb, denoting the actually performed action in the present, future or past tense. Verbs in the indicative mood represent an action that: 1) took place in the past; 2) takes place in the present; 3) will take place in ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
See indicative … Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms
- (lat. modus indicativus) expresses the presence or absence of an unconditioned (objective) action, within one time or another, as if in contemplation of the action; various relations of the subject to this action are not determined by him and ... ... Wikipedia
Mood- Mood is a grammatical category that expresses the relation of the action, called the verb, to reality from the point of view of the speaker. Inclination is a grammatical way of expressing modality (VV Vinogradov). grammatical meaning forms ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary
Morphological category of conjugated (personal) forms of the verb. Represents an event as real in one of the three tenses of the verb. The verb in the indicative mood changes by person and number, in the past tense by gender. It is expressed by a set of personal ... ... Literary Encyclopedia
See indicative mood (in the article mood) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
Indicative- INDICATIVE. A verb form or a set of verb forms showing that the action or state denoted by the stem of the verb is thought by the speaker as actually happening, happening or about to happen. I. N ... Dictionary of literary terms
INCLINED, inclinations, cf. 1. Action according to Ch. tilt tilt and tilt tilt. 2. The form of the verb, expressing how the action is presented as real, desired, required, etc. (gram.). Indicative. Commanding... ... Dictionary Ushakov
LEANING, I, cf. In grammar: a system of forms (paradigm) of a verb expressing the relation of action to reality. Indicative, imperative, subjunctive n. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
MOOD, the grammatical category of the verb (see VERB), the forms of which express differences in relation to the content of the statement to reality or in relation to the speaker to the content of the statement (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood (+MP3), L.P. Kuznetsova. The present tutorial contains grammatical exercises on the use of tenses of the indicative mood (modo indicativo). The book provides keys to exercises for translation from Russian ... electronic book
- Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood, Kuznetsova Larisa Petrovna. This study guide contains grammatical exercises on the use of the tenses of the indicative mood. The book provides keys to exercises for translating from Russian into Spanish.…
