As often happens, having installed a heating boiler at home, we are only then concerned about the problem of removing combustion products. But it's far from that simple task, as it seems. Fortunately, modern technical means allow you to quickly solve this problem without much hassle, and with minimal financial costs.
In addition, when burning, the boiler consumes a significant amount of oxygen. If oxygen is taken from inner space rooms, it can create drafts.
In addition to drafts, such a solution to the problem as a whole significantly worsens the microclimate in the room, and greatly lowers the temperature. After all cold air will be drawn into the room, and a significant amount of boiler energy will be spent on warming it up to room temperature. It also negates the use efficient systems protection from the cold.
It will be much more advantageous to supply air from outside the room directly to the boiler without coming into contact with the air inside the room. are able to solve both the problem of smoke and the problem of supplying the boiler with oxygen.
coaxial
Smoke extraction through a coaxial system is the simplest and most inexpensive option, both for private houses and for small public and commercial areas. The system consists of two pipes: one larger diameter, the other - smaller, laid one inside the other.
Typically, the diameter of a large pipe is 100 mm, and a smaller one is 60. A diameter of 60 mm is sufficient for most small gas boilers. When using boilers high power a thicker pipe is needed.
The inner pipe is used to remove combustion products outside interior spaces. Smoke, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, water vapor leave the room and go outside, using the traction force of the boiler itself.
The outer pipe serves to provide air access from outside the room to maintain combustion. Actually, the air to feed the boiler enters through the space between the inner and outer pipes.
The coaxial system is less flammable, since the temperature outer pipe low, and the likelihood of contact with the internal flue pipe of combustible objects and substances is small. But the elements of this system are expensive, and if the length of the chimney is large, then it makes sense to use another - a separate smoke exhaust system.
Separate
In a separate smoke exhaust system, two pipes are used - air enters the boiler through one, and combustion products are removed through the other. This system is suitable for larger boilers that produce enough a large number of smoke.
In the case of separate smoke exhaust, there are no special restrictions on the type of boiler - both gas and gas boilers can be used. solid fuel, and on oil.
This system is relatively inexpensive to install. After all, the boiler is often located in a special room, to ensure the supply of oxygen to which is quite simple.
Here it is more profitable to use two separate pipelines - for air supply and for smoke removal. In addition, conventional elements can be used for air supply. ventilation systems available at any hardware store.
Mounting Features
Both smoke exhaust systems are mounted using standard components: using nozzles and adapters. Branch pipes are straight sections of the system. They are connected to each other, and attached to the walls of the building with the help of special fasteners. Adapters are used in order to ensure the connection of nozzles in difficult areas.
But here, too, everything is not so simple. Adapters use different type: the first is used if the nozzle is bent in horizontal plane, and the second view, if the bend in vertical plane. In addition, adapters are used to pass through combustible floors and some other areas.
The smoke exhaust system must be made collapsible, because during operation there is a need for periodic cleaning of soot.
It should be noted that not all boilers are originally designed for the smoke exhaust system that you plan to use. Some of them will require special adapter adapters that will allow you to switch from coaxial pipes to regular pipes, or vice versa.
What is the difference between a coaxial smoke exhaust system and a separate one. Features of types of smoke exhaust systems.
When installing a heating boiler in the house, of course, you need to take care of the removal of combustion products. This task is not an easy one, but thanks to the use of modern equipment, it is easily solved, and without special financial costs.
Installation modern look smoke extraction systems are convenient and the fact that it allows simultaneously solving the problem of ensuring heating boiler oxygen. The fact is that during the operation of the boiler a significant amount of oxygen is consumed.
If you take it from the interior space of the room, then drafts are created, and the microclimate deteriorates significantly. In addition, the temperature in the room will decrease all the time.
After all, the air from outside will be constantly drawn into the room. The energy of the boiler will be spent on heating it. Thus, it will be practically impossible to protect yourself from the cold.
Therefore, it is best that the air is supplied from the street directly to the heating boiler. This will avoid any interaction with the indoor air, which means that your cold protection system will work as efficiently as possible.
Coaxial view of the fume extraction system
The coaxial smoke extraction system consists of an outer and an inner pipe. Combustion products (smoke, water vapor, carbon dioxide), due to the traction force of the heating boiler itself, are brought out. And, through the space between the pipes, the air necessary to maintain the combustion process in the boiler enters.
The diameter of the smaller pipe is usually 6 cm, and the larger one is 10 cm. For the operation of small gas boilers, a pipe diameter of 6 cm is sufficient. Therefore, a coaxial smoke extraction system is recommended for use in private homes and small commercial (public) areas.
But still, such equipment is not some one-stop solution, because it has a certain ratio of pluses and minuses.
The advantage of the coaxial smoke extraction system is its low fire hazard. After all, the temperature of the outer pipe is quite low, and the interaction of combustible objects and substances with the inner pipe is practically excluded.
The disadvantages of this smoke removal system include its high cost. In the case of a long chimney, it is more advantageous to use a separate smoke extraction system.
Split view of smoke extraction system
The separate fume extraction system also uses two pipes. Through one pipe, the combustion products are brought out, and through the other, air enters the boiler. Such a smoke extraction system is ideal for powerful boilers. After all, the larger the heating boiler, the more combustion products are formed during its operation.
Advantages of a separate smoke extraction system:
- This system can be used for boilers operating on different form fuel ( natural gas, fuel oil, coal, firewood).
- Inexpensive installation.
As a rule, a special room is allocated for powerful boilers, into which oxygen can easily enter both through special pipe and through the ventilation system.
What is the feature of assembling and installing types of smoke removal systems
For the installation of both smoke extraction systems, straight sections (pipes) and adapters are used. The straight sections of the system are first connected to each other. Then, with the help of special fasteners, they are installed on the walls of the building. If the section is complex, then adapters are used to connect straight sections.
A separate smoke exhaust system provides for separation into two separate channels - removal flue gases and combustion air intake. The system combines two types of elements - single-walled and double-walled insulated chimneys.
Application
A separate smoke exhaust system is used to supply combustion air and remove flue gases from domestic gas boilers with closed camera combustion, where the flue gas temperature does not exceed
200 Co. The unit is allowed underpressure or overpressure up to 200 Pa. Most popular area
applications - multi-apartment residential buildings with individual (apartment) heating.
All elements of the system in contact with flue gases are made of high-quality, corrosion-resistant aluminum grades AW-6060 and AB-46100 by extrusion or casting, and are seamless. Elements of the system are made with a thickness of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm., The section is round. Diameter options 60, 80 and 100 mm. FROM outside chimney elements are painted in White color(9016 according to RAL catalogue).
The insulated elements of the separate smoke exhaust system CONTI are covered with a layer of FONITECK insulation, 8 mm thick, based on melamine resin. The outer, cover layer is made of aluminum and is also painted white. Apply under conditions low temperatures, at outdoor installation chimney and/or air duct. Insulated chimneys can be installed both inside and outside the building on an external wall.
Separate system elements can be used together with coaxial system elements. Own and external control Manufactured by an independent testing institute guarantees consistent high product quality standards.
Design must comply with local and federal regulations. building codes and rules, as well as rules for the installation of gas-using equipment.
The chimney must ensure the complete removal of flue gases from the boiler to the atmosphere, and the air duct must supply the required volume of air for gas combustion. The air intake must be made directly outside the building.
Calculation of the smoke exhaust system
The calculation of a separate flue system must be determined taking into account local conditions, the characteristics of the boiler and the geometry of the chimney. The calculation is reduced to checking the conditions for pressure and temperature. The pressure condition is that the vacuum at the inlet to the chimney, under all weather conditions and in all modes of operation of the boiler, must be sufficient to overcome the resistance of the boiler, the chimney and ensure the flow of air for combustion. The temperature condition limits the minimum temperature of the inner surface of the chimney. It should not exceed 0OS. Failure to comply with this condition, during the period of negative temperatures, will lead to freezing of condensate inside the chimney, narrowing of the working section and possible emergency shutdown of the boiler. Confirmation that the minimum temperature of the internal surface of the chimney exceeds the dew point temperature of water vapor in the combustion products is not required, because. All elements of CONTI chimneys are made of moisture-resistant materials that provide maximum resistance to corrosion.
Separate smoke exhaust schemes
Horizontal outlet through the outer wall (chimney).
The chimney is discharged horizontally, through the outer wall, without installing a chimney. The air duct also leads horizontally through the outer wall. You can use standard kits.
Vertical outlet through the roof.
The chimney is discharged vertically through the roof. When passing through the roof, a vertical terminal is installed. The air duct is brought out horizontally through the outer wall.
Application: individual houses.
VeRtickalth output byon theRreallyth wall.
The chimney is led vertically along the outer wall. In this case, for the installation of a chimney, it is necessary to use insulated elements of a separate smoke exhaust system. The air duct is brought out horizontally through the outer wall.
Application: individual houses.
Paboutconnectioneto a collective chimney (with an individual air duct).
The chimney is connected to the collective chimney in the mine. The air duct from each boiler is led horizontally through the outer wall.
Connection to a collective chimney (with a collective duct).
The chimney is connected to the collective chimney in the mine. The air duct is connected to the collective ventilation duct.
Application: apartment buildings.
Multi-channel chimney (with individual air duct).
An individual chimney from each boiler is led vertically upwards in a common shaft. The air duct from each boiler is led horizontally through the outer wall.
Application: apartment buildings.
Multi-channel chimney (with a collective air duct).
An individual chimney from each boiler is led vertically upwards in a common shaft. The air duct is connected to the collective ventilation duct.
Application: apartment buildings.
Multi-channel chimney (with connection of the air duct to the chimney shaft).
An individual chimney from each boiler is led vertically upwards in a common shaft. The air duct is connected to the same shaft (air is taken from the free space in the shaft).
Application: apartment buildings.
Chimney (vertical section)
Chimney - a vertical channel for creating draft and removing flue gases from the boiler and chimney up into the atmosphere. The chimney must have a vertical direction and not have narrowings. It is forbidden to lead the chimney through the living quarters. Butt joints of chimneys should be located outside the ceiling structure at distances that ensure the convenience of their installation, maintenance and repair. A condensate collector and a device for cleaning and revision must be provided in the lower part of the chimney.
When installing chimneys in a shaft, the following minimum dimensions must be observed:
Minimum clearances to combustible materials
The minimum distance to combustible materials for single-wall chimneys is 50 mm, for insulated chimneys - 0 mm.
Vertical chimney terminal
When removing the chimney vertically, above the roof, the following distances must be observed:
In all cases, the chimney height
above the adjacent part of the roof should be
not less than 0.5 m, and for houses with flat roof- not less than 2.0 m.
Chimney (horizontal section)
Chimney - a horizontal channel for the removal of flue gases from the boiler to the chimney or outside through the wall of the building. Installing a chimney through the outer wall of the building, without using vertical chimney, is possible only in individual houses.
When designing a chimney, try to minimize its length. It is advisable to use no more than 3 90° turns. If it is necessary to control flue gases and remove condensate in the chimney, appropriate elements are provided.
Horizontal flue terminal
When installing a horizontal terminal, the following distances must be observed:
air duct
Air duct - a channel for supplying air to the boiler. The air duct is led into a shaft (ventilation duct) or through a wall. In the latter case, depending on climate zone, it is possible to use insulated CONTI elements in order to avoid the formation of condensate on the outer surface of the air pipe during low temperatures.
Similar to a chimney, try to minimize its length. It is advisable to use no more than 3 90° turns. The duct end must be equipped with a tip to keep out debris and birds.
Condensate drain
During the operation of the smoke exhaust system, condensation may form on the inner wall of the chimney. At the same time, it is very important to avoid the ingress of condensate into the working area of the boiler, because. this, in turn, can lead to the destruction of its active elements. To drain condensate, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a condensate trap. The condensate trap may not be installed in cases where it is confirmed that the temperature of the inner surface of the chimney wall at the mouth will be higher than the “dew point” temperature.
Further removal of condensate is allowed to be carried out to the sewerage, provided it is diluted
in a ratio of 1:25, if the total power of the boilers does not exceed 260 kW. In other cases, it must be neutralized before draining into the sewer.
General provisions
Before installation, check the integrity of the packaging and the presence of sealing rings. System elements must be stored in their original packaging, protected from dirt and moisture. Use tools suitable for aluminum. After installation, be sure to install a plate indicating the type of chimney system next to the chimney and chimney connection.
Connection of elements
Elements of a separate smoke exhaust system are connected into a socket using sealing rings. In this case, the parts must be installed in such a way that the socket is oriented in the direction of the flow of combustion products. O-rings are inserted into the special groove of the socket immediately before installation. When joining the elements, it is allowed to use silicone spray for better glide.
Installation of the chimney and air duct should start with the boiler adapter. There are two types of adapters: single-block and two-block. Single-block are mounted directly on the coaxial pipe of the boiler. When installing two-block adapters, an additional opening of the boiler for the air duct is used.
Next, depending on the geometry of the installation, install pipes and elbows in sequence the right sizes. If necessary, install a flue gas control element and a condensate trap. These two elements are installed, as a rule, closer to the flue pipe of the boiler.
Changing the length of straight elements (pipes)
The straight elements (pipes) of the CONTI separate smoke extraction system are available in lengths of 6000, 2000, 1000, 500 and 250 mm. During installation, if necessary, the length of the pipe can be changed. To do this, using a metalwork tool, cut off the unnecessary part strictly from the side of the smooth insert, i.e. the socket must remain untouched.
It is necessary to cut off the socket only at the end element of the chimney and air duct, when installing the tips.
Attention! Do not shorten the insulated elements of the separate CONTI system.
Final instructions
The CONTI separate smoke extraction system has been designed and tested to meet the requirements for gas tightness, corrosion resistance and ease of handling. Can only be used for installation original elements CONTI, taking into account the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer. System elements must be protected from sparks, contamination and contact with lower quality material.
Special white pipes and bends for separate smoke extraction from various gas boilers. The parts are made of aluminum alloy, painted white under high temperature with high-quality powder enamel. Equally set for carbon monoxide removal and combustion air supply. It is intended only for boilers with a closed combustion chamber on which it is installed various designs adapter or with nozzles already present in the design.
Details for 80/80 split chimney:
The pipe is 80 mm in diameter.
- Tube length 250 mm. = 300 r
- Tube length 500 mm. = 400 r
- Tube length 1000 mm. = 600 r
- Tube length 1500 mm. = Missing
- Tube length 2000 mm. = Missing
Socket assembly system, supplied rubber compressor designed for high temperature exhaust gases from a wall-mounted boiler.
Branches and corners with a diameter of 80 mm.
- Elbow with a right angle of 90 degrees \u003d 450 rubles.
- Retraction with an oblique angle of 45 degrees \u003d 450 rubles.
It assembles quite simply through a bell with a rubber cuff.
These are high quality aluminum systems smoke extractors for wall-mounted boilers with a closed combustion chamber, allowing to equip more than 80% of all known models of wall-mounted boilers from the world's largest manufacturers, including Electrolux, De Dietrich, Baxi, Ariston, Vaillant, Navien, Protherm and other well-known brands.
Separate smoke exhaust systems
How it works. Air intake and removal of fuel combustion products is carried out by two various pipes, and the diameter of each is 80 mm. Due to the increased cross-section, the length of each channel can reach 20 meters. Also, due to the separate layout, such systems are ideal for apartment heating systems. To save money and space modern houses With apartment system smoke exhausts have only one shaft - a smoke exhaust, and the air intake is carried out from the facade of the building. This condition makes it impossible to use a coaxial chimney in most buildings with an apartment heating system.
Protects from direct blowing strong wind and the possibility of birds and rodents entering the chimney system. Installed on the outlet pipe carbon monoxide can also be used for air intake. Connection takes place on the non-flared part of the chimney and is fixed with a stainless steel self-tapping screw.
To make it even easier, you can purchase ready-made kits with a separate chimney, the kit will also take air into the combustion chamber through one pipe, and exhaust flue gases through another. Pipe material - enamelled aluminum (anti-corodallin) or uncoated aluminum. Typically, such systems are installed when the distance from the boiler to outer wall exceeds 5 m (the total length of the pipes of a separate chimney can be up to 30 m) or when separate air intake and smoke removal are necessary, for example high-rise buildings. The adapter in the kit must be from the heating equipment you need, or have the ability to universally connect to different models gas boilers.
Mounting gas boiler is a complex process in which every stage, every component is important. Therefore, when there is a conversation about the smoke removal of a gas boiler, it is necessary to understand that we are talking about right approach to the selection and installation of the chimney. It is from this pipe that the quality of work and the safety of operation of the heating equipment itself depend.
What is a smoke extraction system
If we talk about gas boilers, then the smoke exhaust system is actually a pipe made from non-combustible materials. The section shape can be round or rectangular. They install it on a gas boiler, or rather, on its outlet pipe, which connects the chimney to the furnace where fuel is burned. And bring the other end to the street.
The main requirement for a smoke exhaust system for a boiler is complete tightness of the structure and as few deviations from the straightness of the circuit as possible. In this case, a calculation is necessarily made for the cross section of the pipe, which depends on the power of the gas equipment.
What is better to make a chimney for a gas boiler
As mentioned above, the chimney must be made of non-combustible materials. Therefore, manufacturers offer enough a wide range of this product from different materials.
- Brick. He has a big mechanical strength, the brick keeps heat for a long time. Of the shortcomings: you can only collect rectangular shape, which is not ideal for gas flows. In addition, the surface of the chimney is porous, non-smooth, which affects the speed of movement of exhaust gases. So, there is a decrease in traction. Here we must add the complexity of installation, large specific gravity and big problems with service.
- Steel. it modular system smoke removal of gas boilers, that is, the chimney is assembled from several parts. Production material - acid-resistant stainless steel with a thickness of 0.6-1 mm. This variety has many advantages: low specific gravity, low price, ease of installation and maintenance, smooth inner surface, high corrosion resistance. The only negative is that such a smoke exhaust system must be insulated. This variety may include corrugated pipes and sandwich modifications.
- Ceramic. In fact, this is a combination of several materials: the chimney itself, made of heat-resistant ceramics, insulation in the form of a mat made of non-combustible material and a protective channel made of cellular concrete. This option is not inferior to the metal one.
- Asbestos-cement. Basically good cheap option, but it has two fairly serious drawbacks: low mechanical strength and the impossibility of creating discharge circuits.
- Polymer. They are most often used if it is necessary to remove flue gases with a low temperature. They are not used in other smoke exhaust systems.
Summing up, it can be noted that the best option today is a stainless steel chimney and a ceramic model.
Coaxial and separate systems
All smoke exhaust systems are divided into two groups: with natural draft and forced. The first is when the flue gases are discharged vertically installed chimney, and air enters the furnace of the gas boiler to burn fuel through the blower. Such a boiler is called with an open firebox.
There are boilers with a closed firebox, in the combustion chamber of which air enters through the chimney itself. The latter is called coaxial. The second system is called separate. How do they differ from each other?
Coaxial smoke extraction system
A coaxial duct is two pipes inserted into each other. Through inner tube flue gases are removed, air enters the furnace through the gap between the pipes. Ideal Design with excellent features. Today, it has often been used in private housing construction, where small-capacity boilers are installed.
The coaxial smoke exhaust system is fireproof because the flue gases do not heat the outer pipe. The latter is usually taken out through the wall, near which the gas boiler is placed.
Separate smoke exhaust system
A separate smoke exhaust system consists of two separate pipes. Through one flue gases are discharged, through the other it enters the furnace Fresh air. That is, in the design of a gas boiler there are two nozzles. This type of chimney is most often used in large-capacity boilers that burn a large amount of fuel, and this requires large diameter chimney.
It should be noted that any ready-made chimneys made of different materials can be used for separate smoke exhaust systems. The main requirement for them is no different from natural draft chimneys. But conditions come first. fire safety.
Chimney arrangement for atmospheric gas boilers
Atmospheric gas boilers belong to the category with an open firebox. Their distinguishing feature is gas-burner, in which air is mixed with gas, and then ignites at the outlet of the nozzle. Hence and high efficiency fuel combustion.
As for the chimney, natural smoke removal with the installation of a pipe is most often used here. round section. True, the location of the pipes may be different.
- Vertically up through the floors of the house.
- Horizontally through the room with an output to the street, and then vertically beyond the roof of the building.
The chimney device for atmospheric boilers is not cast in any way from ordinary ones. The only thing you need to pay attention to is the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe pipe. She should be bigger.
fire safety requirements
Fire safety rules are the main requirement to which the selection and installation of a smoke exhaust system pipe is tied. What are these requirements.
- The flue channel must ensure complete removal of flue gases.
- It must be resistant to high temperatures(+400С).
- The joints between the connected parts of the chimney must be airtight.
- The vertical chimney may deviate from the vertical by no more than 30°.
- Do not install a pipe with large quantity turns. Their maximum number is 3.
- The chimney must not come into contact with materials that could ignite due to flue gas temperature.
- The pipe is brought out of the roof 0.5 m above the ridge (this is the minimum).
- If a roofing material- this is a combustible coating, for example, shingles, then a spark arrestor is installed on the upper edge of the chimney.
- On the street and in unheated rooms, it is necessary to ensure the insulation of the smoke exhaust system.
- The joints of the two sections should not be located inside the floors of the house.
- In the attic it is impossible to build horizontal sections and turns, it is impossible to make revisions for cleaning here.
Calculations
Manufacturers of gas boilers in the instructions for use indicate exactly what section of the chimney should be installed on the purchased unit. Therefore, no calculations are needed in this regard. But if it becomes necessary to carry out such calculations, then there are several relationships that are taken as a basis.
- For 1 kW of thermal energy, at least 8 cm² of pipe section is needed. In such a chimney, the speed of movement of flue gases should be 0.15-0.6 m / s.
- The ratio is 1:10, where the first indicator is the area of the chimney, the second is the furnace.
How to check draft in a chimney
The draft in the chimney is the speed of movement of flue gases. There is a special table where this indicator is shown depending on the temperature of the gases and the air temperature in the street, because these two values \u200b\u200bdetermine the natural removal of the gas mixture.
The table shows that the maximum thrust is 0.818 m/s. This means that such devices as an anemometer cannot determine the magnitude of thrust. Because it has a limit - 1 m / s.
The easiest option is to bring a flame of fire to the firebox door. It can be a lit match, a lighter or a piece of paper. Flame deflection indicates the presence or absence of thrust.
Mistakes are common. Unfortunately, the craftsmen do not attach importance to trifles, and there are no such things in the smoke exhaust systems of boiler rooms. Here are just common mistakes, as well as recommendations from experts:
- the parameters of the chimney pipe are incorrectly selected;
- the number of turns is more than three;
- there are long horizontal sections;
- insulation was not carried out in areas that pass along the street or in unheated premises;
- the length of the chimney is significant, which creates reverse thrust due to a strong gust of wind;
- deviation of the upper part of the chimney from the vertical;
- a large cross-section of the chimney, due to which the flue gases quickly cool down, hence the reduction in traction;
- connection of a fan in gas boilers with forced smoke exhaust must be strictly carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations, taking into account the parameters of the system itself;
- strictly adhere to fire safety requirements.
And one more question that worries the owners of private houses, how to properly bring the system outside the building. In principle, this question was answered in the chimney device section. Of course, everything will depend on what kind of pipe design is used. If this coaxial chimney, then the installation is carried out horizontally, all the rest are vertical.
