What is a turnbuckle or how to choose the slack stretch. Rope clamp - strong grip! How to stretch a steel cable

A wedge clamp for a cable is a special device, the purpose of which is to firmly connect the cables to each other. With it, you can also make a loop at the end of the same cables. But what else do you need to know about these elements?

Why is this part in construction?

Typically, such devices are used where work is carried out with heavy loads, therefore, only high-strength and high-quality metals are always used for the manufacture of clamps. Manufacturers produce these devices strictly in accordance with the standards. The design of the clamps is very simple. They consist of two hex nuts and a steel bow. Professionals recommend installing at least three clamps on one cable, this is enough for safe and reliable fastening. If the load is higher than the clamps you have chosen can withstand, then you should take a different type of this latch, and not increase the number.

For manufacturing, only high-quality and are always used. This is necessary to ensure a reliable connection at both ends of the elements. For greater reliability and strength, the clamps are often additionally covered with another protective layer. For these purposes, galvanized zinc is used. The advantage is that with its help the maximum resistance to external influences is ensured at the device. environment. It also provides excellent protection against corrosion.

Although constructive solution this device is simple, anyway, before using it, you need to read the instructions. Any tool or device has its own nuances that must be taken into account in the work. If the clamp is not installed correctly, the element may simply break off. The end of the cable is inserted into the arc and with the help of a special lock, and in this case these are hexagonal nuts, it is fixed inside. Nuts are screwed into different direction, and the cable will be between them. When fully twisted, the ends should be tightly clamped together.

Steel wire clamp - classification

Clamps are different kind. They are classified according to purpose, material used and design. It is also possible to formally denote and different length, the most popular cable clamp is 3 mm, 5 mm in diameter, but in special occasions apply sizes up to 40 mm. Each species also has different subspecies. Clamps, which are divided according to their purpose, are ordinary and reinforced, and according to the material used - steel and copper, an aluminum cable clamp is also popular, a galvanized version of steel is used in especially harsh operating conditions. Clamps, which are subdivided by design, are flat, arcuate, single and double.

Regular clips are the most common. Usually, class 2 galvanized steel is used for their manufacture. appearance such clamps resemble closed loops at the base, which have two strong bolts. This type of product is household, and it is not intended for heavy loads. The reinforced version speaks for itself, its design has been worked out more thoroughly, the shutter mechanisms have reinforcements, and therefore the scope of their application can be more responsible.

Flat types of clips are more often made of high-strength carbon steel. The surface of these devices are galvanized. Their diameter can be from 2 to 40 mm. In shape, such clamps resemble a pair of plates that are interconnected by a bolt and nut. Usually they are used for splicing steel cables or other standing rigging. They are quite suitable for creating loops at the end of the brace. Professionals recommend installing at least two clamps on one connection.

Flat clamps can also be divided into single or double. The main difference is in the number of bolts available. On single clamps, fastening takes place with one bolt, and on double clamps - with two bolts. In terms of application, such clamps are not particularly different.

Arc-shaped clamps are made of a cylinder, which is bent in an arc, and fastening takes place with the help of two bolts that are located at the ends. Devices of this type are more often used to connect metal cables, but it is quite possible to use them for making loops. This type of clamps is more related to industrial ones, they are designed for heavy loads. A typical standard arc-shaped clamp is capable of withstanding a load of about 97 kilograms.

Specialized and wedge clamps - what are their features?

Many construction works do not do without a strong clamp. Construction has always been distinguished by the presence a large number operations. You definitely need to lift something up, pull the load, and in this case it is Construction Materials, you often have to fix various objects. For such work, strong spring-loaded clamps are needed. They not only allow you to connect the cables, but you can also attach a load to them. Such devices are not very different from standard clamps.

In addition to the usual metal arc, they have a pair of levers that are equipped with movable brackets. This design solution helps to provide a high-strength and durable connection. With it, you can securely fasten any object to the cable. different thickness. AT recent times most popular among professionals wedge clamps. It is an excellent connector for copper and aluminum wires, the cross section of which can be from 35 to 100 square millimeters. Only this type of clamp is good for connecting aluminum-steel devices. Such devices consist of a body and a wedge, which is wear-resistant. For the manufacture of the body, forged cast iron steel is used, and the wedge itself can be made of bronze or various aluminum alloys.

If it is required to install aluminum or steel-aluminum wires in bolt clamps, where the sections are very large, then it is necessary to use special gaskets, which are made of soft aluminum tape. The use of such an addition in work will give the mount the greatest mechanical strength. It is important to remember that such clamps must be tightened again after ten days after installation.. The pull should be done like this. First of all, it is necessary to press the hinged part of the aluminum body, then it is necessary to introduce a steel anchor, and then the aluminum body is again introduced using a steel mechanism.

How to make do-it-yourself cable clamps?

Cable clamps are used in many industries. There is no industry where they would not find their application. But often without such a small device it is impossible to make ordinary domestic work. Especially car owners need them. You will need a small diameter metal tube, a couple of metal plates and a few bolts with nuts. metal tube it is necessary to bend the arc. The diameter of the pipe must be such that the cable that is planned to be used can enter it. A cable must be inserted into the hole in the pipe until the end appears from the outside.

Then the end must be pulled out of the pipe at a distance of 10-15 cm, then the end of the cable and the cable itself will need to be covered with plates from below and above, and the plates should be tightly connected to each other with strong bolts. This device is well suited for making loops. If you need to connect two cables to each other, then you need to pick up a tube with large diameter. It should be borne in mind that two cables must be inserted into one hole, but only in different directions. The plates are also selected taking into account the diameter of the cables. Such a clamp is always useful in household chores, just keep in mind that it is not suitable for heavy loads, but it is quite possible to try to use it as a tug.

If you ask the question, what kind of device is a turnbuckle, then few will immediately answer it, although such a device has been known and has been actively used for more than a decade. In many situations, there is a need to tighten cables, chains, cables or other rigging, which must be done to more securely fix the guy wires. Not always such a stretch can be done using only one's physical strength. It is to solve this problem that lanyards are designed, which we will talk about in this article.

What is a lanyard

With the help of such a simple, but very convenient and reliable device, as a lanyard, the requirements for the characteristics of which are regulated by DIN 1748, DIN 1480 and GOST 9690-71 standards, tension is ensured and they are kept in a taut state for a long period of time.

Lanyards used to be called differently: PTR-7-1, and the numbers in their designation varied, depending on the model of the device and its technical characteristics. The numbers in the designation, in particular, characterize the magnitude of the breaking load (in tons-force) that a particular model of such a device can withstand. The cable tensioners used earlier did not have such great variety heads, as is implemented in modern lanyards. Almost all models of such devices had heads made in the form of oblong loops at their ends, for which steel cables were attached. A little later, the magnitude of the breaking load of a particular lanyard began to be measured in kN. For example, if you decipher the name of the T-30-01 model, it becomes clear that such a turnbuckle can successfully withstand a load of 30 kN, which corresponds to 3 tons of force.

Important characteristics of turnbuckles

So that the lanyards do not deform or collapse during operation, it is necessary to take a very responsible approach to their choice. In addition, one should take into account both the size of such devices and the features of their geometric shape to enable them to carry out the tasks assigned to them. There are special tables that every seller should have: they can be used to compare the marking of the lanyard model with its technical specifications, size and shape. Both the characteristics and the size and type of such devices are specified by a number of international and domestic standards: DIN 1478, DIN 1480, GOST 9690-71, etc.

An important parameter of any device for tensioning steel cables is the thread diameter, and it is not necessary that both screws of such a device will have the same thread. The modern industry produces lanyards with different thread parameters: M5 (“baby”), M8, M10, M12, M16, M20, etc. But you will not find thread parameters in the designation, for example, of a lanyard model T-10-01, T- 30-01, etc. It is very convenient that such marking allows you to accurately determine which load is critical for these devices. It is the first digit in such designations that indicates that the turnbuckle can withstand a certain level of load, expressed in kN. More detailed information all the characteristics of a particular model of such a device, including its exact drawing, can be found in the corresponding GOST.

Most of the steel guys and, accordingly, devices for their tensioning are used in conditions open air where they are exposed negative impact high humidity and temperature fluctuations. To exclude the harmful effects of such factors, lanyards must be reliably protected, which is ensured by their zinc coating or processing. paintwork materials. Thanks to such protection methods, such devices can be successfully operated for decades.

Turnbuckles according to DIN 1480

Turnbuckles manufactured according to DIN 1480, if you understand their design, are a fairly simple device. The basis of their design is the body, which can be made in the form of a cylinder or an elongated ring. On both sides of the case, it has threaded holes into which the working elements of such a device are screwed. These elements, depending on the need, may have heads in the form of rings, hooks or forks. It is to the heads that it is attached steel rope, the tension of which must be ensured. What is important, the working elements are screwed into the holes of the body in different directions.

Cases of lanyards, made in the form of a cylinder, can have different design. So, it can be an open or closed cylinder, which is used in cases where it is necessary to protect threaded connections from the harmful effects of external factors: high humidity, dust and dirt. Cylindrical open-type turnbuckles (even if you look at their photos) allow you to see how the threaded ends of the working elements converge when they are twisted.

It is no coincidence that the heads of lanyards are so diverse. Moreover, in one such device, heads of both the same and different types. For example, in practice, you can often find devices for tensioning cables and ropes with fork-fork, hook-hook, hook-ring, etc. heads. Such heads are selected depending on what design the counter fastener has: end steel rope or rope. So, a lanyard with a fork head is used to tension ropes, at the end of which a loop can be formed that fits snugly (tightly) between the legs of such a fork.

Chain type lanyard - ratchet

If the head of the tensioner has the shape of a hook, then, accordingly, the cables or ropes being pulled must end with rings or other elements that will not slip out of engagement with the hook when a pulling force is applied to them. If a lanyard with a head in the form of a ring is used, the ropes and cables must end with hooks, which also must not slip out of engagement.

A separate category is made up of chain-type lanyards, which have a ratchet in their design. Such a device is often also called a ratchet, and it is used in cases where it is necessary to bring together and stretch elements that are far apart from each other. The area of ​​use of such models is quite narrow, which is explained by their limitations on the degree of remoteness of the tensioned elements from each other. In addition, the design of such lanyards is quite bulky and includes a handle, which makes it impossible to use them in places that are very limited in free space.

Earrings, thimbles, carbines, lanyards - most of us rarely have to deal with such specific objects and, probably, not everyone knows about their existence. Therefore, information about what is hidden behind these mysterious terms will not hurt anyone. So, in this article we will talk about rigging accessories. And you have to meet with them whenever there is a need to lift, fasten, pull or hang something with a wire, cable or rope.

Having professional rigging equipment at hand, many tasks can be solved many times easier and more efficiently than with the usual improvised means. You can buy everything that is necessary to perform these works today in almost any construction market.

Cable clamps will allow you to securely fasten the whips when forming loops at the end of the cable, and lanyards - to pull the cable with any necessary effort.

Talrets

The most famous and commonly used cable tensioning device is a lanyard - a screw tensioner. It is arranged very simply and usually consists of three parts: two screws and a housing. The cable is pulled with a lanyard by rotating its body.

One of the screws has a right-hand thread, the other has a left-hand thread. Therefore, when the body rotates, they either screw in (they approach each other and pull the cable), or both unscrew and move away from one another, depending on the direction of rotation.

The lanyard screws can have rings (loops), hooks or forks with locking fingers at the ends, which provide a strong and at the same time easily detachable connection.
Now on sale there are very a wide range of lanyards, differing from each other in size and designed for loads from several kilograms to 1-2 tons.

Talrets are made, as a rule, of high-quality steel and have a protective nickel or zinc coating, which allows them to be used in rooms with high humidity, and outdoors.

Best with screw tensioners yachtsmen, signalmen, assemblers are familiar. However, in domestic conditions there are many options for using talrets, for example, when installing an antenna mast and fastening it with braces, when constructing trellises, when installing fences or hanging lamps. In a word, wherever a tightly stretched wire, rope or cable is required as a structural element.

On the left - thimbles of various sizes, above them - U-shaped earrings, then to the right above and below - lanyards of various sizes and designs, on the lower right - cable clamps.

Earrings

Along with lanyards, when working with cables and ropes, it is very often necessary to use earrings - U-shaped connecting elements with a stopper (“finger”) that is cottered or screwed onto the thread. They are mainly intended for reliable and quick connection of two or more strands of cables, fastening them to lugs, brackets, eyebolts, etc.

They produce earrings different sizes so that they can be matched to a particular cable thickness and corresponding load. It is usually believed that the larger the earring, the greater the load it can take.

To hook a cable (rope) to a hook or secure it with an earring, you need to make a loop at its end or, as they say, “end the cable”. To do this, several types of special easy-to-assemble clamps are produced. different size(pictured 2, bottom right). Usually, the diameter of the cable for which this or that clamp is designed is indicated by the marking on its body. Photo 1 shows several examples of cable termination with clamps various types.

Koushi

The above examples of loop formation are designed for not too high loads. For cables that experience very high tensile forces (for example, when towing cars or moving heavy objects with a winch), the loop at the end is usually reinforced with a thimble inserted inside.

In this case, the deformations that occur during tension are perceived not by the cable itself, but by a stamped cable. sheet metal drop-shaped loop, due to which the cable bends less and wears out less intensively.

The thimbles also come in different sizes, designed for one or another thickness of cables and for one or another size of loops. In addition, plastic thimbles are produced specifically for terminating nylon or hemp ropes.

Carabiners

A useful addition to the devices discussed above are the so-called carbines.

Usually they are used on a par with earrings, but unlike the latter, carabiners allow you to quickly connect or disengage the connection with one click on the spring-loaded carabiner latch.

A lanyard for a cable is a device that is widely used for installation, construction and rigging work. Thanks to this intermediate link, the tension of cables, ropes and ropes can be easily adjusted. You probably know him, but did not know his wonderful name!

What is this intricate tool used for?

Since the cargo lanyard has a special design, this allows it to withstand great stresses and forces, even when working with rather heavy loads. Initially, this device was used to connect wooden and metal structures of various types. Often it is used for rigging, when it is necessary to secure the equipment being transported or mounted, or any other heavy load. If you need to make the installation of a metal mast or antenna, then this tool will help to cope with this.

Metal appliances tend to rust if they are exposed to moisture for a while. But a stainless lanyard is protected from this ailment, as it is made of special steel or zinc plated. This measure was developed for the reason that this element is very often located exactly outside the fixed structure, which means that it is always influenced by the atmosphere.

It is necessary to choose this device, starting from the length and thickness of the ropes or antennas, and, despite the impressive tasks, such little things as lanyards solve them, their sizes vary from 5 to 20 mm. The overall success of any construction process. First of all, you need to decide what it is for. Most often, such an element is used precisely in order to connect and pull cables or ropes on which a heavy load will be attached.

How does this mechanism work and why?

In order to understand the device of this device, you need to pay attention to the drawing, the lanyard from the side looks like an ordinary clutch, which consists of two screws. Moreover, the screws used are those on which the opposite thread is applied. Then they are screwed into a metal structure, often cylindrical shape. If this device is not available, then a special ring can be used. Thanks to metal structure or ring, the screws are "tightened" closer to the center, as a result of which it is tightened.

Also, in addition to rigging, this device is widely used at home, mainly when it is necessary to tighten the fasteners for curtains, tune the piano (to achieve a better sound, tighten the strings).

Often such a tool is made open, that is, the adjusting screws are visible. Its body is made by forging, welding or casting. After that, two holes are milled, which allow using screws to change the length and force. They are made by turning. In the case when work is carried out in difficult weather conditions, a closed lanyard is used. Most often, this tool consists of three parts: a body, two screws (with right and left threads) and a screw head (fork, hook or ring).

Types of cable tensioners

Before purchasing a tensioner, you need to understand its labeling., namely: C + C - hook and hook, C + O - hook and ring, O + O - ring and ring. These are the most commonly used, but there are others. In order to tighten or loosen the tension, it is necessary to rotate the "ring", after which the screws will move either towards the center or away from it. The type of tool depends on what kind of work you are going to do. A galvanized tool is used when you need a lot of pulling force. The cargo type is used when it is necessary to either pull the cables or attach a heavy load. Such devices can reach a weight of up to 25 kg, and this tool can withstand up to 90 tons.

The "hook-hook" type of device is used when it is necessary to change the length of either or the cable, mainly when installing masts or antennas. "Hook-ring" is also used in such cases. On the moving parts of this version of the device there is a threaded thread, thanks to which the length can be adjusted. Also now there are options using modern technologies, using which you can adjust the smoothness of the tension. Such tools are used when working with fiber optic cable. In order to tension wires and cables under light loads, closed tools can be used.

In such cases, there is no clear value for the allowable load, so you need to be guided by the fact. It should also be remembered that such devices are not used for load-bearing structures. The plug-fork option is very popular and is used quite often. With it, you can quickly change or adjust the tension and length. However, this tool is not used to lift loads. It was created in order to adjust the suspension, stretching and insurance. But the chain lanyard is longer than its counterparts, it is able to capture two objects that are relatively far from each other, and then pull it off, giving the required tension.

The success of the work and the correct operation of the turnbuckle

The forces that act on the mechanism of this tool must not cause deformation during loading. If this happens, then the tension must be reduced, and the parts that have undergone deformation must be replaced. If there is a chance of shock loading or critical mode, then before proceeding with the work, it is necessary to clearly select the product to be used. Permissible load is allowed only along the axle line. There should be no overload.

The products are also not designed to withstand side loads. The used tensioner must always be checked for compliance with safety standards before and after work, otherwise there may be unacceptable critical deformations. If you correctly calculate measurements and observe all the smallest details, as well as carry out preventive work and inspection of the condition of the tool, then it will last as long as possible long term, and the likelihood of breakage or deformation will be minimized.

Before starting work, it is recommended to wash the tool with gasoline, if possible polish it on a felt wheel, apply lubricant and run it idly. The best lubricants in this case - with an additive of graphite or molybdenum bisulfate. During work, it is recommended to turn them (two or three times will be enough). If the work is carried out in complex climatic conditions where humidity is high, it will not be superfluous to spill fresh water on the mechanisms, which will wash off the salt water. Exactly these simple rules deprive the user of many problems, in particular, the painful unwinding of a “stuck” tightly lanyard.

Thus, thanks to universal tool, you can do like simple work(tension of strings, curtains), and complex (tension of ropes or the transfer of heavy loads without the use of additional devices). Also, using this mechanism, it is possible to achieve best indicator vertically when installing the antenna or mast.

By various reasons it is not always possible to spend underground electrical cable to an object that needs to be supplied with electricity. In such cases, the technology of laying cables or individual wires through the air on a cable is successfully used. In the article, we will consider how the cable is installed and laid on a cable to the house, garage, what types of fastening are used.

Scope of technology

Such technologies are used only in electrical networks with a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts, PUE requirement chapter 2.1. In most cases, stretching cables are used from buildings or power lines to individual structures over short distances. Where the installation of power transmission towers or digging trenches for cable is not possible due to specifications production during the operation of facilities, or unjustifiably in terms of the volume of work performed, is expensive from a financial point of view.

in production shops, warehouses, structures with large areas, high ceilings, for lighting the best option is the use of these technologies. Cable extensions are used for electric networks of street lighting of certain territories.

For owners of a private house, this wiring method allows you to get rid of the laborious work of digging a trench. It is easier to stretch the cable through the air from the switchboard in the house to the outbuildings:

• workshop;
• summer kitchen;
• gazebo with barbecue;
• chicken coop;
• bathhouse and other possible facilities in the yard of a private household.

Cable wiring allows you to run light three-wire wires for electrical consumers without high power and cables with wires large section for power supply household appliances. Before proceeding with the installation cable wiring preliminary calculations are required.

Preliminary measures before installation

At the first stage, it is necessary to determine how much power will be consumed by electrical appliances in the facilities that are planned to be provided with electricity. Based on the power consumption, the cross section of the cable wires is calculated, its length and weight are taken into account. These parameters determine which fasteners to use, the diameter and material of the cable. To calculate the power consumption and cable cross-section, a more detailed study of a separate topic is required. In simplified form, it looks like this:

• The power of all electrical appliances is summed up, which are supposed to be used in the calculated network. The power on each device is indicated in the passports for the products or nameplates on the case. The simplest example of a lighting lamp is always written 40 on them; 60; 75 or 100 or more watts.

∑Р = P1 + P2 +…Pn = 3.7 kW. (3700 W) - Total power.

• Determine the maximum possible current in the circuit

I \u003d ∑P / U \u003d 3700 W / 220 V \u003d 16.8 A. - Maximum current.

U is the mains voltage.

• To determine the cross section of wires in a cable, we use the table

In our case, we choose the value of the maximum current a little more than 19A, taking into account that additional Appliances. According to the table, we get a power of 4.1 kW, which corresponds to a copper wire cross section of 1.5 mm. It must be understood that the cross section is not a diameter, it is calculated by the formula:

Experienced electricians are well aware of the standards of cables, wires and determine the cross section by eye. For ordinary consumers, there are tables for determining the cross-section by diameter, it is enough to measure the diameter of the wire with a micrometer or caliper and determine its cross section from the table.

• Next stage preliminary work, cable length measurement from the switchboard in the house to the switchgear (switchgear) on the building to which the cable structure is extended. This can be done with a regular tape measure,

Tip #1. Be sure to take into account the cable margin for cutting and connecting to the switchboard, add about 30 cm from both ends.

Choice of cable diameter and material

Determine the weight of the cable and other elements that will be attached to it. If the distance between support mounts 5-6 m and the weight of the wire is not significant, it is possible to stretch galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm. When the distance is more than 10 m, the cable is heavy, especially if the cable structure is used with lighting elements, a galvanized steel cable with Ø 4-6.5 mm is used. Such a cable will withstand any cable with a wire cross section of up to 10 mm / sq., more is not used in private households, due to the limitation of power consumption. You can hang up to 5 pieces on such a cable. lighting lanterns in a lightweight housing.

The cable can be wound and weighed on conventional scales, or calculated, knowing its brand according to the characteristics table that is attached with the sale. The weight of the cable is indicated per 1 m, it is necessary to multiply the indicated weight by the number of meters, you will get total weight piece, which is used for fastening on a steel cable.

For living conditions in order not to spend money, you can hang the cable that was used for concealed wiring. In order for the insulation to last longer, lay it in corrugated pipe, its weight is not significant. There are reference tables indicating the brand and weight of the cable. You can look it up on the Internet, some sites have calculators for calculating the length and mass of wires and cables.

Tip #2 Use the calculator on this site http://kabelves.ru/

For high current loads, it is better to use special cables for cable air structures:

• AWT, AVTS, APT already have a built-in load-bearing steel cable;
• AVRG, ANRG, APVG, AVVG are suspended from a supporting steel cable.

Support and tension elements of cable wiring

These products are installed on the walls of buildings, structures between which stretching is stretched. Depending on the material and diameter of the cable, the fastening design is selected:

• Tension bolt, with hook and tension anchor are used for flexible stranded wire ropes industrial production carrying heavy loads, you can use rolled wire with a diameter of up to 6 mm.
• String anchors with a small diameter are designed for light wires with a cross section of up to 6 mm at a distance of up to 10 meters, without elements lighting fixtures.
• Industrial cable anchors and wire rod anchors are able to withstand heavy cables and lighting elements at a distance of up to 12 m without additional supports.
• Fasteners for stretching parallel lines are often used for a dual purpose, for power supply of structures and for the placement of lighting lanterns. One cable is laid power cable with a wire cross section of 10 -35 mm / sq., lighting fixtures on the second, junction boxes With copper wire 2.5 - 4 mm.

All these structures have individual characteristics when mounted on the walls of buildings.

Requirements for the installation of end fasteners and installation features

Never fasten the end elements to the decorative cladding of the building and roofing parts. Devices designed for heavy loads are fixed on both sides bearing wall steel plates tightened with through bolts. As shown in the picture for the tension bolt with hook. They should be located above pedestrian walkways at a height of at least 2.7 m, and above traffic lanes at least 6 m. Anchors for strings with a lighter load can be fixed with simple anchor screws on concrete.

Ideally, tension anchors are embedded in the wall during the construction of the buildings according to the project. In practice, this is not always provided for, then you have to drill the walls with a puncher. A metal plate with a bolted contact is attached under the end mount for 20-30 cm to ground the cable. It is connected by a welding joint with a rolled wire with a cross section of at least 16 sq / mm, which goes to a common ground loop. In some cases, grounding is carried out with a separate copper wire with a cross section of at least 2.5 kv / mm bolted connections.

Installation and tension of the cable

After installing the terminal fixtures, on the ground the cable is attached to the extension, the lighting fixtures with junction boxes are fixed and connected. Assembled structure is delivered to the installation site and unwound along the entire length from one fixing anchor to another.

The cable length must be at least 2 m longer than the distance between the end anchors. The stock will be needed to seal the mount to the terminal devices and bring the ends to the ground terminals, which are located below the anchors. The end loops of the cable are attached to the tension anchors, after which the tension is regulated by them. The stretching force should be for lightweight structures with cables with a cross section of 4-10 sq. / mm - up to 100 kg. / cm. For heavy cables with a cross section of 16 - 25 sq. / mm - up to 500 kg. / cm. This parameter is measured with a dynamometer, which is installed between the anchor and the brace loop.

After tensioning the cable, the ends of the cable are grounded, the cable is brought to the distribution devices and connected to the protective circuit breakers.

Elements for fastening the cable to the cable

To securely fix the cable with a cable, there are several devices:

The easiest method cable twisting with stretching with ordinary aluminum wireØ 2.5 - 5 mm with insulation. At the connections, after 50 -80 cm, 7-8 turns of wire are made, tight turn to turn. In order for the cable insulation not to be pressed through by the fastening wires, the fastening place is wrapped with a rubber plate, the wire is wound on top. It is recommended to use rubber for gaskets from old car wheel tubes;

The device is attached to the stretch, the cable is laid in the gutter, overlapped with a strap that is threaded into the lock, tightened and securely fixed. The lock is designed so that the strap cannot be pulled out in the opposite direction; to remove it, you can only cut it.

Plates with are produced with loops of different sizes. One plate is put on the cable, the other on the cable. In the center of the plates there is a hole with a thread for a bolt, they are combined and tightened with a bolt.

All connections, regardless of design, are installed after 50 - 80 cm.

Junction boxes and cable-mounted lighting fixtures

For fixing the junction boxes, special galvanized iron plates with cut-out shapes are used. A part of the plate is bent from the cut out form, a cable and a box are inserted, after which everything is fixed with folding elements.

Galvanized plates of a special shape are used to fasten lighting fixtures, but the principle of fastening remains the same, as shown in the figure.

• Cable;
• plate;
• Cable;
• Junction box;
• Plafond with lamp holder.

Frequently Asked Questions of Electricians

Question number 1. You can pull the cable, then attach the cable and other elements?

This can be done if the installation conditions on site allow it to be done without compromising safety when working at height. But after that, you will definitely have to increase the stretch, since the load on it will increase.

Question number 2. What wire should be used to connect the fasteners under the anchor to the ground loop?

Depending on your capabilities, rolled wire with a welded joint or copper, preferably with yellow-green insulation, as determined by the PUE. The cross section of the wires must be at least 2.5 kV/mm.

Question number 3. Can a cable be used as a neutral wire?

Yes, as long as it is properly grounded.

Question number 4. Which circuit breaker set for a cable routed along a cable?

The design of the cable outlet in this case does not matter, the circuit breaker is installed based on the maximum load current in this circuit.

Question number 5. Can I hang junction boxes for outdoor wiring?