A typical technological map for the installation of ventilation is compiled for forced ventilation systems, which include a network of air ducts. Its main purpose is to familiarize workers and engineers with how installation work should proceed. ventilation ducts, assistance in the location of equipment inside the premises, the correct distribution of technological processes that will continue to take place in production, and so on.

How to properly install ventilation ducts

Most of the work in the installation of air conditioning and ventilation systems is the installation of ventilation ducts.

Industrial ventilation

And this is not strange, because they are located inside the entire building, if the room is used for industrial purposes, then this is also a large size, plus often it is necessary to carry out installation at a high height, and this greatly complicates the matter. As a result, it is necessary to resort to the help of special machines and equipment. Most often, these are self-propelled cranes, mobile assembly platforms, auto-hydraulic lifts, and so on.

The complexity of installation is influenced by many factors:

• The complexity of the designed system;
• Features of the building design;
• environmental conditions, etc.

To simplify the technological process of installing air ducts, units are made in advance, consisting of straight sections of ventilation pipes and fittings. After installing each node, you need to check the data that the technological map for the installation of ventilation carries.

Stages of installation of horizontal metal ventilation ducts

In order to qualitatively install a network of ventilation ducts, you need to adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

Fastening

The fasteners are installed first. This is done by welding them to embedded parts or using a special mounting gun. The places where the lifting mechanisms will be located are outlined, scaffolding, towers and so on. On inventory stands, small parts are assembled into knots, knots are made from ventilation ducts on the floor big size. Clamps and other fasteners are installed.

When the intermediate preparation is over, the knots are trailed, guy ropes are tied at the ends of the knots.

The preparatory work is over, you can begin installation. With the help of special lifting mechanisms the nodes are brought to the previously marked places and suspended from the mounts. It remains, using the flange, to attach part of the system to the previously mounted node.

There are other options for installing air ducts. The method is selected depending on their position in space, the characteristics of the industrial facility, environmental conditions, the location of the air ducts (inside or outside the building), and so on.

If the ventilation system includes air conditioning and air heating, then it should be designed in accordance with all paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, while foreseeing the possibility of breakdown and repair, and regulatory requirements.

Basic mounting positions

It is important to correctly position the ventilation ducts in relation to building structures. For this, special recommendations have been developed to properly fix the air ducts of the round and rectangular section. The main recommendations and dimensions are given below.

The axes of the ventilation pipes are placed parallel to the planes next to which they are mounted. It is necessary to correctly select the distance (accepted in millimeters) from the plane of the wall (ceiling, floor) to the axis of the pipe. If circular ducts are used: L=0.51Dmax+50, where Dmax is the largest diameter of the duct, including the insulator.

ventilation ducts

In the case of using channels with a rectangular cross section, the formula looks like this: L=0.5bmax+x, where bmax is the maximum width of the channel; x - the distance between the outer surface of the pipe and the wall must be at least 5 cm.

It is accepted that for pipes with a width of 10 to 40 cm x = 10 cm, 40 ... 80 cm x = 20 cm, 80 ... 150 cm x = 40 cm. The distance from the axis of the channel to the electrical wire is also important. Round air ducts: L=0.5Dmax+300. Rectangular section: L=0.5bmax+300.

If two ventilation branches run in parallel, then the following minimum distance between their axes is observed. Round section: L=0.5(Dmax+D’max)+250. Rectangular section: L=0.5(bmax+b’max)+x.

In the case when the ventilation pipes are mounted under the ceiling, you must also observe the minimum distance to it. Round section: L=0.5Dmax+100. Rectangular: L=0.5bmax+x. If air ducts pass through building structures, then a distance of 10 centimeters should be observed.

Connecting air ducts

The network of ventilation ducts consists of separate small parts, which are interconnected using bandages, rails, slats, bell-shaped and other connections.

Air line details

To properly fix the ventilation pipes, use working documentation and related requirements. If flangeless connections are used in the process of fixing, then the following distances between them are adhered to:

• When using pipes with a diameter of less than 400 mm, the distance should be no more than 4 meters;
• If the diameter is 400 mm or more, then the distance becomes up to 3 meters.

When installing air ducts in a horizontal position with a circular section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular one with a side of up to 2000 mm, the distance between the fasteners is assumed to be no more than 6 meters.

If the pipes are installed in a vertical position, then the distance between the fasteners is up to 4 meters.

Installation design

Before installing the ventilation line, it is necessary to correctly make the installation design. It consists of several main steps.

Axonometric diagram

At the first stage, an axonometric diagram of the system is drawn, then the network of air channels is divided into separate parts. Next, you should choose a method for connecting small components to each other and to larger nodes. The places where the fasteners will be located in the future are determined. Sketches of non-standard parts are also made, where all the necessary dimensions for their manufacture are indicated. And at the end, documents for installation design are drawn up:

• Drawings of non-standard parts;
• Axonometric diagram;
• Packing lists.

Depending on the region where the installation of the ventilation system takes place, the set of necessary documents will also depend. But those three that were listed above will always be present.

Installation of air ducts at an industrial facility

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

INSTALLATION OF AIR DUCTS

1 AREA OF USE

1 AREA OF USE

A typical technological map (TTK) is drawn up for one of the options for the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of work production projects, construction organization projects, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern tricks installation of air ducts

In the total scope of work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems at industrial facilities, the most time-consuming is the installation of air ducts.

Most of the duct installation have to be carried out at a height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially if you take into account the significant overall dimensions and weight of parts of ventilation equipment. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices during the installation of ventilation. These include machines such as mobile cranes, auto-hydraulic lifts, self-propelled retractable scaffolds, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features of ventilation systems, the features of building structures, the conditions for installing ventilation, and the availability of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of air duct installation provides for pre-assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, made up of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal air ducts

When installing horizontal metal air ducts, the following sequence of work must be observed:

- install means of fastening by welding to embedded parts or using a construction and assembly gun;

- outline the installation sites for mechanisms for lifting air duct assemblies and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolding, towers for work;

- they bring individual parts of air ducts and assemble them into enlarged units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large sections - on the floor;

- install clamps or other means of fastening.

After intermediate assembly of air ducts mounting assembly they trail with inventory slings, and at the ends of the knots they tie guy lines from a hemp rope.

Duct mounting assembly lift it to the design mark from the inventory scaffolding by a car lift or other mechanisms, then hang it from the previously installed fasteners. At the end of the installation, the air duct is connected by flanges to the previously installed section of the air duct.

In installation practice, there are such options for design solutions for laying metal air ducts, such as laying under the ceiling of a building, on an outer wall, overpass, in an inter-farm space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" should be observed.

The method of installation of air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures(inside or outside the building, at the wall, at the columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of buildings), as well as from the solutions laid down in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems should be designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing for in projects technical solutions, providing maintainability, explosion and fire safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Mounting positions, methods of connection and fastening of air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts relative to building structures, it is recommended to use the mounting positions of round and rectangular air ducts developed by the Proektpromventilation State Design Institute. These duct mounting positions are determined the following recommendations and sizes.

1. Axes of air ducts must be parallel to the planes of building structures.

2. The distance from the duct axis to the surfaces of building structures is calculated using the following formulas:

Where - the maximum diameter of the duct to be laid, including insulation, mm;

Where - the maximum width of the duct to be laid, mm; - distance between the outer surface of the air duct and the wall (at least 50 mm), mm.

With a duct width of 100-400 mm 100 mm, with 400-800 mm 200 mm, with 800-1500 mm 400 mm.

3. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the electrical wires is determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

4. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

5. When laying several air ducts in parallel at the same elevation, the minimum allowable distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

Where and are the diameters of the air ducts, mm; and - dimensions of the sides of rectangular air ducts, mm.

6. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

7. When air ducts pass through building structures, flange and other detachable connections of air ducts should be placed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Separate parts of air ducts (straight sections and fittings) are connected to each other in an air duct network using flanged and flangeless connections (bandages, strips, rails, socket and other connections).

Air ducts should be fastened in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 *. Fastening of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at the following distances:

- no more than 4 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm;

- no more than 3 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection of circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. round section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular section with the dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm should be assigned as working documentation.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastenings of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of the building should be assigned as a working draft.

The design of the connections of the air duct parts will be discussed in more detail in the special literature.

Development technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts is reduced to the development of an axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation (air conditioning) system, picking lists for air duct parts and mass production lists (silencers, dampers, air distributors, umbrellas, deflectors, etc.), as well as drawings (sketches) non-standard parts. The listed technical documentation is called an assembly or assembly and procurement (MZP) project.

The minimum wage is needed to place an order at a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for mounted ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of the system blanks, and also to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. MZP is developed for each system.

The following initial data are required for the development of MP:

- working drawings of the OB grade of the mounted systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AR grade, plans and sections of the building (structure) at the locations of the mounted systems;

- albums and other materials containing data on unified parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

- overall and connecting dimensions equipment and standard parts;

- recommended mounting positions of assembly units of systems;

- regulatory and teaching materials on the procedure for the implementation and execution of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

- using RF grade OB, draw an axonometric diagram of the system, divide the routes of the system air ducts into parts, as a rule, unified, contained in albums, norms and other documents;

- choose the types of connection of parts between themselves and with other assembly units of the system;

- establish the places and types of fastenings of the air duct routes of the system;

- develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with the definition of all the dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

- draw up documents required for MP:

1) axonometric wiring diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standardized (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. State standard or there are no other uniform standards for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list may differ in different regions and enterprises. The three items listed above are mandatory documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of the axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of the installation design, i.e. it is available as input. The axonometric wiring diagram may be a copy of the RF circuit in configuration, or it may be depicted arbitrarily on a separate sheet without being drawn to scale. This diagram is marked with fan levels, ceilings, rises, descents of air ducts, as well as the length of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts. Figure 1 shows for comparison the axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and the axonometric diagram from the working drawings and the wiring diagram.

Fig.1. Axonometric diagrams of the ventilation system:

a- scheme of the working drawing; b- wiring diagram; 1...14 - unified details

The scheme is divided into parts (details). First, standard, typical and unified parts of the system are distinguished, the dimensions of which are known. Then, sketches of non-standard (non-standardized) parts are developed in axonometric projection, and the dimensions necessary for their manufacture are determined. Find the total length of straight sections of the network between standard, typical, shaped parts and other elements. Rectilinear total sections of air ducts are divided into individual sections (parts) of the recommended VSN 353-86 length. In this case, one of the individual sections of each straight duct line may differ from the recommended length. He is called died. The length of the sub-measure is usually specified locally, and therefore it is advisable to make one flange free for movement along the axis of the duct in case of a flange connection. The sections are assigned numbers, they are indicated by numbers in circles, for example (T), which means section number 1. Figure 2 shows a simplified fragment of the axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation system duct route. The fragment is used to illustrate a simplified picking list (Table 1.1).

Fig.2. Fragment of the wiring diagram of the air ducts:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - a straight section with an end grid; 5 - a straight section with a grid and an engine; 6 - a straight section with a tie-in; 7 , 8 - taps; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of air duct parts.

For each system, a one or multiple packing lists. The number of statements and their form depend on the requirements of enterprises fulfilling an order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the following data can be given in the packing list of the ventilation system: part numbers, their names, part sizes (diameter for circular ducts; dimensions of the sides of rectangular ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and the weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The parts themselves are listed in the statement not in the order in which they are located in the system along the air flow, but according to groupings of the same type:

- straight sections;

- straight sections with tie-ins;

- straight sections with gratings, nets, etc.;

- bends and half-bends;

- transitions;

- boxes.

The composition of groupings and their order in the statement in different regional organizations may differ.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which is compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Figure 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of ​​the air ducts and common areas according to the thickness of metal, parts (separately for straight sections and fittings, according to metal thickness in m and kg); the number and list of connecting elements (bandages, flanges and connections on the bus - the number for each size); gratings and grids, VEPsh (pressed ejection panel air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Picking list of air duct parts

Air ducts and parts of ventilation systems must be made in accordance with the working documentation and from materials approved for use in construction. In addition, the manufacture, installation of air ducts and equipment for ventilation and air conditioning systems must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003.

Air ducts made of sheet steel roofing with a diameter and larger side up to 2000 mm should be manufactured:

Spiral lock or straight seam on folds;

Spiral welded or straight seam welding.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side dimension of more than 2000 mm should be made panel (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts from metal-plastic should be made on folds, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on folds or by welding.

Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on folds, with a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm - on folds or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.

Longitudinal seams on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be fixed at the beginning and end of the air duct link by spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or gouging.

Seams on air ducts for any metal thickness and manufacturing method must be cut-off.

The end sections of the seam seams at the ends of the air ducts and in the air distribution openings of the metal-plastic air ducts must be fixed with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, which ensures operation in aggressive environments defined by the working documentation.

Seam seams should have the same width along the entire length and be evenly tightly upset.

Seam ducts, as well as cutting charts, should not have cruciform seam joints.

On straight sections of air ducts of rectangular cross section with a side section of more than 400 mm, stiffness in the form of bends (ribs) with a step of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the air duct or diagonal bends (ribs) should be structurally implemented. With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external stiffening frames, with a step of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fixed by spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

Stiffening frames must be installed on metal-plastic air ducts using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, which ensures operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other on ridges, folds, welding, rivets.

Elements of fittings made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other on folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or with an admixture of explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts in a flangeless way (nipple/sleeve), bandage connection or on flanges;

for rectangular ducts: rail (large/small) or flanged. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fixing the tire on the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the medium being moved), spot welding, pitting through 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. Internal corners tires must be filled with sealant.

Fastening of flanges on air ducts should be carried out by flanging with a persistent ridge, by welding, by spot welding, by rivets with a diameter of 4–5 mm or by self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the conveyed medium), placed through 200–250 mm, but not less than four.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) should be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including the inner surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement enterprise in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be completed with parts for their connection and fastening means.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Rice. 1. Slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks;
c - four-branch sling

The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct assemblies), two braces should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in fig. - .

Rice. 2. Slinging VPA-40

Rice. 3. Slinging of the autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Rice. 4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans version No. 1

Rice. 5. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 1

Rice. 6. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 6

Rice. 7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 10, 12.5

Rice. 8. Slinging the duct

For the entire installation period, areas for storing air ducts should be equipped.

The device of the on-site storage of air ducts must meet the following basic requirements:

Located close to driveways highways or railway tracks;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

To be at a minimum distance from the installation object, if possible, in the area of ​​​​the tower crane;

Do not interfere with the production of construction installation work;

Duct storage areas should be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2° for venting. surface water, covered with draining sand or gravel, and, if necessary, have ditches;

Passages, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (in winter time- from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with the requirements of work safety and fire protection;

At the corners of an open warehouse, barrier poles should be installed, warning signs for drivers of vehicles and signs with the name of the installation department or site and the location of the receiver of goods should be posted;

The warehouse must be lit.

Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current regulations and in compliance with the following requirements:

Rectangular air ducts must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Round air ducts should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

Each air duct during storage should be laid on wooden inventory linings;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages at least 1 m wide must be left between the stacks; every three stacks, driveways for vehicles 3 m wide should be arranged.

The movement of air ducts along the ceilings of multi-storey buildings is carried out using lifting and transport equipment or by manual transport.

2.3. Works of the main period. Mounting

2.3.1. Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. General provisions

Mounting internal systems ventilation and air conditioning should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012, SP 48.13330.2011, SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, standards and instructions of equipment manufacturers, as well as in accordance with the fire safety requirements of SP 7.13130 .2009 .

Installation must be carried out by industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied as a set in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out at the construction readiness of the object (grip) in the amount of:

For industrial buildings- the whole building with a volume of up to 5000 m3 and part of the building with a volume of more than 5000 m3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or more sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another scheme for organizing installation is possible, depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Installation of air ducts

The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey, industrial, public and etc.).

Flexible air ducts made of fiberglass SPL, metal fabric, aluminum foil etc. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag parts of flexible hoses in the assembled position must have a minimum degree of compression.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts;

Installation of means of fastening;

Coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

Checking the completeness and quality of delivered air duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and fixing it;

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the unit is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts are given in fig. - .

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts
along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan mounting

Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Fixing the fan to the supporting structures;

Checking the operation of the fan.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control should be carried out in accordance with operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems

Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems should be carried out in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises or site for equipment;

Delivery of the unit or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the installation or its individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of equipment to the installation site;

Installation (assembly) of equipment on supporting structures (foundation, site);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of equipment;

Fixing the installation to the supporting structures;

Commissioning works

Checking the operation of the equipment.

2.4. Testing and commissioning

Upon completion of installation work, contractors must perform tests of internal systems. Tests should be carried out before the start of finishing work.

Commissioning works are carried out after the completion of construction and installation works, during the preparation and transfer of systems into operation. As a rule, they consist of individual tests and complex testing.

Comprehensive testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems of a building (structure, etc.) is carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the general contractor or, on his behalf, by the commissioning organization. The results of complex tests are drawn up in the form of an act.

2.4.1. Testing and commissioning of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems

The final stage of installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is commissioning and commissioning of systems. Acceptance of works is carried out in the following sequence:

Certification hidden works;

Individual testing of ventilation equipment (run-in);

Delivery for pre-launch testing and commissioning.

Air ducts and

ventilation equipment hidden in shafts, suspended ceilings, etc. The results of the acceptance of works hidden by subsequent works, in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation, are documented in certificates of examination of hidden works.

Check for tightness of sections of air ducts hidden by building structures using the aerodynamic test method (if the requirements are specified in the detailed design); based on the results of the leak test, draw up a certificate of inspection of hidden works.

Individual tests of ventilation equipment (run-in) are carried out in order to check the operability of electric motors and the absence of mechanical defects in the rotating elements of the equipment. As a rule, running-in is carried out after installation of the equipment with a connected air duct network. In cases of installation of large-sized equipment in hard-to-reach places (roofs of buildings, basements, etc.), it is recommended to perform a run-in before the equipment is delivered to the installation site (at the production base or directly at the construction site).

When running equipment with a disconnected network, it is prohibited to turn on without creating artificial resistance (plug 3/4 of the suction hole).

The running-in of the ventilation equipment is carried out within 1 hour, or by checking the values ​​of the current of the motor operating in the operating mode.

The discrepancy between readings should not exceed 10% of the current values I n indicated on the engine.

In the absence of power supply ventilation units and air conditioning under a permanent scheme, connection of electricity under a temporary scheme and checking the serviceability of starting devices is carried out by the general contractor.

Based on the results of testing (running in) of ventilation equipment, an act of individual testing of the equipment is drawn up (Appendix E, SP 73.13330.2012).

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems for design air flow rates, the following should be performed:

Check compliance of the actual design of ventilation and air conditioning systems with project documentation and requirements SP 73.13330.2012 ;

Testing fans when they work in the network, checking the compliance of the actual technical characteristics with passport data, including: air flow and total pressure, rotational speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow and resistance of dust collecting devices;

Action check exhaust devices natural ventilation;

Testing and adjustment of the ventilation network of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local exhausts, for air exchange in rooms and determination of air leaks or air losses in systems.

Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for by the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Within ±8% - according to the air flow rate passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required air overpressure (rarefaction) in the room is ensured;

Up to +8% - in terms of air consumption, removed through local exhausts and supplied through shower pipes.

For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Refrigeration system testing

Testing of water cooling systems should be carried out with the heat generators and expansion vessels turned off by the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm2) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is recognized as having passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of the construction organization or outsourced, equipped technical means providing the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

The quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, from the development of the project to its implementation at the facility on the basis of PPR and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

At input control the working documentation is checked for completeness and sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the performance of work.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, an external inspection checks their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air ducts

Air ducts must be installed in accordance with design references and elevations. Connection of air ducts to process equipment should be carried out after its installation.

Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed in such a way that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards drainage devices.

Gaskets between busbars or duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

Gaskets must be made of the following materials: foam rubber, tape porous or solid rubber 4-5 mm thick, polymeric mastic bundle (PMZH) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials move with a temperature of up to 343 K (70 ° C) .

To seal flangeless duct connections, the following should be used:

Sealing tape of the "Guerlain" type - for air ducts through which air moves with a temperature of up to 313 K (40 ° C);

Buteprol type mastic, Silicone and other certified sealants - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C);

Heat-shrinkable cuffs, self-adhesive tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C);

Other sealing materials specified in the working documentation.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When mounting bolts vertically, the nuts should normally be on the underside of the connection.

Air ducts should be fixed in accordance with the working documentation.

Fixings for horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a shroud wafer connection should be installed:

At a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct less than 400 mm.

At a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange, nipple (coupling) connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another:

For round section with diameter up to 2000 mm,

For a rectangular section on flanges, a busbar on a flange connection of a round section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive.

The distances between the fasteners of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional dimensions, as well as uninsulated air ducts of circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm, should be assigned by the working documentation.

The nipple (coupling) should be fastened with rivets 4-5 mm in diameter or self-tapping screws 4-5 mm in diameter every 150-200 mm of the circumference, but not less than three.

Clamps should tightly cover metal air ducts.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.5 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.5 m should be carried out in interfloor ceilings.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4.5 m and on the roof of the building should be determined by the working documentation.

Fastening of stretch marks and hangers directly to the duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of the adjustable hangers must be uniform.

The deviation of air ducts from the vertical must not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

Freely suspended ducts should be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

Ducts must be supported so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

Air ducts, as a rule, must be connected to fans through vibration-isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, tightness and durability.

Vibration-isolating flexible connectors should be installed immediately before individual tests.

In the manufacture of straight sections of air ducts from a polymer film, air duct bends of no more than 15 ° are allowed.

To pass through the building envelope, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.

Air ducts made of polymer film should be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings must be 10% larger than the diameter of the duct. Steel rings should be fastened with a wire or plate with a cutout to a carrier cable (wire) with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and fixed to the building structures every 20 - 30 m.

To exclude longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the sagging between the rings disappears.

Table 1. Operational control chart for the installation of metal air ducts

3.2. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of fans

Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base, installed on foundations, must be fixed with anchor bolts.

When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform draft. Vibration isolators do not need to be fixed to the floor.

When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. Elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must match the corresponding frame elements of the fan unit.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit snugly against the soundproofing pads.

The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the impeller diameter.

Shafts radial fans must be installed horizontally (shafts of roof fans - vertically), vertical walls of casings centrifugal fans should not have distortions and inclinations.

Gaskets for composite fan shrouds should be of the same material as the duct gaskets for this system.

The motors must be accurately aligned with the fans installed and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans with a belt drive must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must match. Belts must be tensioned in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

Motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact over the entire plane with the foundation.

Couplings and belt drives should be protected.

The suction opening of the fan, which is not connected to the air duct, must be protected metal mesh with a cell size of not more than 70 × 70 mm.

Table 2. Card of operational control of installation of centrifugal fans

Table 3. Installation operational control chart axial fans

Table 4. Operational control chart for installation of roof fans

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners

Air conditioner air heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of certified material, with heat resistance corresponding to the temperature of the coolant. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners should be assembled on gaskets made of tape rubber 3-4 mm thick, supplied with the equipment.

Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions and inclinations.

The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the "Closed" position, the tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other should be ensured.

The supports of the chamber blocks and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.

Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the working documentation as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers.

The use of flexible air ducts as main air ducts is not allowed.

Mounting fan coil units, closers, split systems should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

Mounting ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety, sanitation and occupational health established by building codes and rules for labor safety in construction.

Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, the heads of organizations are required to provide training and briefing on labor safety at the workplace.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination without contraindications to work at height, have professional skills, have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work and have received an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work at height.

To perform independent climbing work in accordance with the List of hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age, persons (workers and engineering and technical workers) not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having at least one year of experience in climbing work, and tariff category no less than three.

Workers admitted to climbing for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training, instructions and knowledge of the rules of safe work with registration in a special magazine and who have a qualification certificate are allowed to perform electric welding work. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to work at heights.

Persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, trained in the rules for using the tool, labor safety and having an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with an electrified tool, and for connecting and disconnecting electric points with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each copy of the tool must have an account number. Monitoring the health and timely repair electrified tool is assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of the construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (the absence of a short circuit to the case, the insulation of the supply wires and handles, the condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle.

Responsibility for proper organization the safe conduct of work at the facility is assigned to the work foreman and foreman.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication to the territory of the construction site, to production, sanitary facilities and workplaces is prohibited.

Work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment for refrigeration systems, is carried out on the basis of a work permit for the performance of work under conditions of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

Installation should be carried out only if there is a project for the production of works, technological maps or wiring diagrams. In the absence of these documents, installation work is prohibited.

The installation procedure determined by the project for the production of works must be such that the previous operation completely excludes the possibility of an industrial hazard when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts and equipment parts of ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

There must be no people under the mounted elements. It is impossible to fix a suspended air duct or a block of air ducts to trusses, ceilings and other building structures in places not provided for by the project for the production of works.

Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms must be carried out by at least two workers.

The alignment of the flange holes when connecting the air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the connected flanges with your fingers.

Hemp rope braces should be used to prevent swinging or twisting of the lifted duct units.

Work on the installation of ventilation ducts is allowed to be carried out only with a serviceable tool. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, have no beveled edges and no burrs on the handle. You should not unscrew or tighten the nuts with a wrench of large (compared to the head) sizes with a lining of metal plates between the faces of the nut and the wrench, and also extend the wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe.

Workplaces and work areas during installation at night should be illuminated. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures on workers. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of internal systems, places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs should be installed, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

When installing air ducts, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fasteners, for which the duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

Exploitation construction machines(lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including Maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of manufacturers. The operation of lifting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation lifting cranes".

Places for performing electric welding with an open arc must be fenced with fireproof screens, shields, etc.

In the production of electric welding work in the open air, sheds made of non-combustible materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work during rain or snowfall should be stopped.

To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding, a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard should be installed under the welding site in places where people pass.

When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, and also, regardless of the slope, on roofs that are wet and covered with hoarfrost or snow, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with transverse strips for foot rest; ladders during work must be fixed.

Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

Loading and unloading operations must be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Lifting loads manually should be in exceptional cases, observing the norms established by the current documents.

Containers should be used when loading and unloading ventilation duct blanks and their parts. During the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, workers should not be on it or inside it, as well as on adjacent containers.

Slinging and unslinging of goods should be carried out in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

The supply of materials, ventilation blanks, equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger during the performance of work, passageways are not cramped and it would be possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. Need to follow up correct placement equipment and workpieces on floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding the permissible loads per 1 m2 of floor.

Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks with a height of no more than 2.5 m on gaskets and linings. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on linings.

The storage area for blanks and ventilation equipment at the construction site must be fenced and located in the area of ​​the operating crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water runoff, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

Explosive or harmful paintwork and other materials may be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift needs. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

Between stacks (racks) on sites and warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and driveways should be provided, the width of which depends on the dimensions of transport and handling facilities serving the warehouse or site.

Heads of installation organizations are obliged to provide workers, engineering and technical workers and employees with overalls, safety shoes and other means personal protection in accordance with regulatory requirements.

All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineering and technical workers without protective helmets and other necessary personal protective equipment are not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts.

When working at heights, installers of ventilation systems must always use safety belts.

Workers and employees who receive personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SP 73.13330. 2012 with strict observance of labor safety requirements in accordance with:

(Document)

n1.doc

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)
PRODUCTION OF WORKS ON INSTALLATION OF METAL AIR DUCTS

INTERNAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. A typical flow chart (hereinafter referred to as TTK) was developed for a set of works on the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems.

1.2. A typical flow chart is intended for use in the development of Work Production Projects (PPR), Construction Organization Projects (POS), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of installation work.

1.3. The purpose of creating the presented TTC is to give a recommended scheme of the technological process for carrying out installation work, to show the composition and content of the TTC, examples of filling in the necessary tables.

1.4. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the WEP (as mandatory components of the Work Execution Project), Working Flow Charts are developed for the performance of certain types of installation work.

When linking a Typical flow chart to a specific facility and construction conditions, production schemes, scopes of work, labor costs, mechanization tools, materials, equipment, etc. are specified.

1.5. All working flow charts are developed according to the working drawings of the project, they regulate the means of technological support and the rules for the implementation of technological processes in the production of installation work.

1.6. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production norms for the consumption of materials, progressive local norms and prices, norms for labor costs, norms for the consumption of material and technical resources.

1.7. Working technological maps are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction and Installation Organization, in agreement with the Customer's organization, the Customer's Technical Supervision and the organizations that will be in charge of the operation of this building, structure.

1.8. The use of TTK helps to improve the organization of production, increase labor productivity and its scientific organization, reduce costs, improve quality and reduce the duration of construction, safe work, organization of rhythmic work, rational use labor resources and machines, as well as reducing the time development of WEP and unification of technological solutions.

1.9. The scope of work sequentially performed during installation supply system ventilation includes:

Collection of manufactured ventilation parts;

Installation of the ventilation system according to the design scheme;

Commissioning of the ventilation system.

1.10. Ventilation - controlled air exchange in the premises serves mainly to create air conditions favorable for human health, meeting the requirements of the technological process, preserving the equipment and building structures of the building, storing materials and products.

1.11. A person, depending on the type of activity (energy costs), releases heat (100 kcal / hour or more), water vapor (40-70 g / hour) and carbon dioxide (23-45 l / hour) into the surrounding air; production processes can be accompanied by immeasurably large emissions of heat, water vapor, harmful fumes, gases and dust. As a result, the air in the room loses its hygienic qualities that are favorable for the well-being, health and performance of a person.

Hygiene requirements to ventilation are reduced to maintaining certain meteorological conditions of air (temperature, humidity and mobility) and its purity.

1.12. The essence of ventilation is as follows: supply air is mixed with the room air and as a result of the heat exchange or mass transfer that occurs in the room, the specified air parameters are created.

1.13. Work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;

SNiP 3.05.01-85. Internal sanitary systems;

SNiP 3.05.05-84. Technological equipment and technological pipelines;

SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. In accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85* "Organization of construction production", before the start of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the facility, the General Contractor is obliged to obtain permission from the Customer to perform installation work in the prescribed manner. The basis for the start of work can be the Certificate of Examination of Hidden Works to Prepare the Premises for Installation of Ventilation.

2.2. The installation of ventilation systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, the Detailed Design, the Project for the production of works and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers. Replacement of materials and equipment provided for by the project is allowed only upon agreement with the design organization and the customer.

2.3. The requirements for the installation of ventilation systems are reduced to ensuring that the design parameters of the air environment in ventilated rooms are provided. This is achieved by maximum sealing of air duct systems and equipment, the necessary sound insulation, proper conditions for the operation, repair and replacement of equipment.

Reducing the time for performing installation and assembly work, while maintaining their high quality, is achieved with high industrialization of work, which consists in the use of standard sections of ventilation chambers, blocks and air duct assemblies (shaped parts - diffuser, confuser, elbows, tees, crosses; control devices - valves gates, throttling devices; fasteners; hangers; brackets; brackets; flanges) prefabricated or made in workshops with appropriate mechanical equipment. On site, as a rule, only manufactured parts are assembled, using mechanisms for moving workpieces and ventilation equipment.

2.4. Prior to the installation of ventilation systems, the following works must be fully completed and accepted by the customer:

Installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions;

Construction of foundations or platforms for the installation of fans, air conditioners and other ventilation equipment;

Building structures of ventilation chambers of supply systems;

Waterproofing work at the installation sites of air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, wet filters;

Installation of floors (or appropriate preparation) at the places of installation of fans on spring vibration isolators, as well as "floating" bases for the installation of ventilation equipment;

Arrangement of supports for the installation of roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on the roofs of buildings;

Preparation of openings in walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings necessary for laying air ducts;

Construction of foundations, foundations and platforms for the installation of ventilation equipment;

Drawing on the internal and external walls of all premises of auxiliary marks equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;

Plastering (or cladding) the surfaces of walls and niches in places where air ducts are laid;

Mounting openings in walls and ceilings were prepared for the supply of large-sized equipment and air ducts, and crane beams were installed in the ventilation chambers;

Installed in accordance with the working documentation, embedded parts in building structures for fixing equipment and air ducts;

It is possible to turn on power tools, as well as electric welding machines at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;

Glazed window openings in external fences, insulated entrances and openings;

Measures have been taken to ensure the safe production of installation work.

Acceptance of the object for installation must be carried out by employees of the installation organization according to the act.

2.5. When accepting an object for installation, the following must be checked:

compliance with all requirements of SNiP and current technical conditions;

availability and correct execution of acts for hidden work;

geometric dimensions and binding to building structures of foundations for ventilation equipment and air conditioners, supporting structures on the roof of the building for installing roof fans and deflectors, openings for the passage of air ducts, mounting openings;

correct installation of embedded parts;

the device of protections of apertures, floorings and canopies.

2.6. Loading blanks on vehicles at procurement enterprises should be carried out by the enterprise, unloading at the facility - by the assembly site.

2.7. When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, the following should be provided:

for air ducts of small sections - containerization or packaging;

for air ducts of large sections - telescopic installation;

for semi-finished products - special packaging.

2.8. It is recommended that loading and unloading and rigging work at facilities be carried out with the maximum use of mechanization tools with the help of workers who are part of the assembly teams.

2.9. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training in the rigging program and received the appropriate certificate are allowed to work on lifting and moving loads.

2.10. Winches, forklifts, truck cranes, pneumatic wheeled and caterpillar jib cranes, tower and gantry cranes should be used as mechanized lifting equipment at facilities.

2.11. Slinging of air ducts and ventilation equipment is recommended to be carried out with inventory lifting equipment.

Slings should be selected depending on the type, weight of the lifted load and the method of slinging. The most common slings are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1. Slings
a- lightweight sling with loops; b- lightweight sling with hooks;

in- four-branch sling

2.12. The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20-25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct assemblies), two braces should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in Figure 2-24.

Fig.2. Slinging VPA-40

Fig.3. Slinging of autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Fig.4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans, version N 1

Fig.5. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 1

Fig.6. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 6

Fig.7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 N 10, 12.5

Fig.8. Slinging of the upper part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.9. Slinging of the lower part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.10. Slinging of the shaft with the fan frame Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.11. Axial fan slinging

Fig.12. Axial fan slinging

Fig.13. Slinging fan VKR-6,3.30.45.6.01

Fig.14. Slinging air curtain A6.3 STD 729.00.00.001

Fig.15. Scrubber sling

Fig.16. Slinging cyclone type TsN

Fig.17. Slinging packing of the irrigation chamber OKF

Fig.18. Slinging of the packaging of the ventilation unit drive

Fig.19. Slinging of the wheel packaging and guide vane in the casing

Fig.20. Slinging packaging air filter FR-3

Fig.21. Valve Packing Slinging

Fig.22. Slinging the packaging of KO and VK chambers

Fig.23. Air duct slinging

Fig.24. Slinging of an enlarged unit lifted in a vertical position

2.13. The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey , industrial, public, etc.).

2.14. As fittings of complex geometric shape, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used. flexible ducts as straight links are not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

2.15. Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

marking of places for installation of means of fastening air ducts;

installation of fasteners;

coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

checking the completeness and quality of the delivered parts of the air ducts;

assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

installation of the block in the design position and fixing it;

installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

2.16. The length of the unit is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

2.17. Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts are given in Fig. 25-28.

Fig.25. Scheme of the organization of the working area when installing air ducts along the outer wall of the building
1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Fig.26. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts in the building
1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 4 - pendants

Fig.27. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts on a flyover
1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto-hydraulic lift

Fig.28. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building
1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch;

4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

2.18. During the installation of air ducts, step-by-step control should be carried out in accordance with the Operational Control Card.

Card of operational control of installation of metal air ducts

Table 1

2.19. Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

acceptance of ventilation chambers;

delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

installation of lifting equipment;

slinging of the fan or individual parts;

lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan;

fixing the fan to the supporting structures;

fan operation check.

2.20. During the installation of fans, step-by-step control should be carried out in accordance with the Operational Control Cards.

Operational control card for installation of centrifugal fans

table 2

Card of operational control of installation of axial fans

Table 3

Operational control card for installation of roof fans
Table 4

2.21. After completion of the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, pre-start individual and integrated tests are carried out, which should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 and SNiP 3.05.05-84.

The participation of representatives of the ventilation, electrical installation organizations and the customer in individual tests is mandatory and is made out by appropriate entries in the "Journal of applications for scrolling the electric drive together with the mechanism".

Individual tests of ventilation equipment in idle mode are carried out by the installation organization under the guidance of an engineering and technical worker allocated for this purpose.

For individual testing of ventilation equipment, the customer appoints a responsible person authorized to give orders for the supply and removal of voltage from electrical installations. The start of electric motors when testing ventilation and air conditioning systems is carried out by a representative of the electrical installation organization.

Comprehensive testing of equipment is carried out by the customer with the participation of representatives of design and construction contractors. Mounting specialized organizations together with the operational staff provide round-the-clock duty to monitor the work and proper operation equipment.

Individual tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed only after complete assembly and installation of ventilation equipment, installation of guards for moving parts, checking the condition of the electrical wiring, grounding and correct connection of the power supply.

Before starting a comprehensive test and adjustment of the ventilation and air conditioning system, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people in the air conditioners and supply chambers, and also to remove all foreign objects and tools from air ducts, filters, cyclones.

If during the production of pre-start tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems, extraneous noise or equipment vibration exceeding the permissible level is detected, the tests should be stopped immediately.

After disconnecting the ventilation equipment from the power supply, it is impossible to climb and go inside the air ducts, bunkers and shelters until the equipment stops completely.

After completion of pre-start tests and adjustment, as well as during breaks (completion of work, lunch), the ventilation equipment must be disconnected from the power supply.