How to calculate the volume of garbage. How many cubes in a kilogram of garbage? Specific gravity of construction waste

During construction and repair work trash remains. Even more of it is formed during the demolition, dismantling or reconstruction of buildings. These residues are removed and then disposed of. To minimize costs, it is necessary to correctly calculate the volume and mass of waste.

For example, calculating the weight construction debris in 1m3 during dismantling, you can accurately order the carrying capacity of the machine, calculate the number of flights.

After dismantling of buildings, materials of different characteristics remain. It can be paper, wood, concrete or broken brick. Each type has its own density, and the costs for exporting a ton of bricks will differ from the costs for exporting concrete. And since the cost of export is included in the estimate documentation, it is important to accurately calculate the cost of these services. To do this, use a table that indicates the volume and specific gravity by type of waste.

Type of waste	Packing	Bulk weight, t/m3		Specific gravity, m3/t
		min-max	calculated value	min-max	calculated value
Building	in bulk	1,10 – 1,40	1,20	0,91 – 0,71	0,83
Household and street		0,30 – 0,65	0,55	3,33 – 1,54	1,82
Wood scraps		0,35 – 0,55	0,40	2,86 – 1,82	2,86 – 1,82
Fabric scraps		0,30 – 0,37	0,35	3,33 – 2,70	2,86
sawdust		0,20 – 0,30	0,25	5,00 – 3,33	4,00
snow wet		0,70 – 0,92	0,80	1,43 – 1,09	1,25
snow wet		0,40 – 0,55	0,45	2,50 – 1,82	2,22
Snow dry		0,10 – 0,16	0,12	10,00 – 6,25	8,33
Boiler slag		0,70 – 1,00	0,75	1,43 – 1,00	1,33
Crushed brick		1,20 – 1,35	1,27	0,83 – 0,74	0,79
wood chips		0,15 – 0,30	0,25	6,68 – 3,33	4,00
Electrical fittings		0,37 – 0,63	0,50	2,70 – 1,59	2,00
Asphalt, bitumen, crushed tar		1,15 – 1,50	1,30	0,87 – 0,67	0,77
Fight different, glass, faience		2,00 – 2,80	2,50	0,50 – 0,36	0,40
Paper	rolls	0,40 – 0,55	0,50	2,50 – 1,82	2,00
Paper	bales	0,65 – 0,77	0,70	1,54 – 1,30	1,43
Paper	bundles	0,50 – 0,65	0,55	2,00 – 1,54	1,82
Old pressed paper - waste paper	bales	0,35 – 0,60	0,53	2,86 – 1,67	1,89
The bottles are empty	in bulk	0,35 – 0,42	0,40	2,86 – 2,38	2,50
rags	bales	0,15 – 0,20	0,18	6,68 – 5,00	5,56
Large metal products, parts of pipes		0,40 – 0,70	0,60	2,50 – 1,43	1,67
Plastic products	without packaging	0,40 – 0,65	0,50	2,50 – 1,54	2,00
Glass products, except sheet		0,26 – 0,50	0,40	3,85 – 2,00	3,85 – 2,00
Cardboard	bales	0,59 – 1,00	0,70	1,70 – 1,00	1,43
Cardboard	bundles	0,42 – 0,45	0,43	2,38 – 2,22	2,33
Scrap steel, cast iron, copper and brass	in bulk	2,00 – 2,50	2,10	0,50 – 0,40	0,48
Scrap aluminum		0,60 – 0,75	0,70	1,67 – 1,33	1,43
Oversized household scrap		0,30 – 0,45	0,40	3,33 – 2,22	2,50
Small machine parts		0,42 – 0,70	0,50	2,38 - 1,43	2,00
Furniture is different		0,25 – 0,40	0,30	4,00 – 2,50	3,33

Share of construction waste

The ratio of mass to occupied volume is called specific gravity. Formula for calculation:

Where m is the mass of residues (kg);

V is the volume of waste (m3).

Volumetric weight of debris from construction for estimates

AT budget documentation indicate the costs of removal, loading of residues formed during dismantling, waste from construction and repair work. When including costs, they are guided by fixed prices, volume weight, remoteness of the landfill.

There are standards that indicate the average volumetric weight of residues after disassembly. Estimated values for estimates for the demolition of structures:

concrete - 2400 kg/m3;
reinforced concrete - 2500 kg/m3;
from brick, stone, plastering, facing tiles-1800 kg/m3;
wooden, frame-filled-600 kg/m3;
other (except for metal structures, equipment) - 1200 kg/m3;
metal structures, equipment - design data.

In this case, the average volumetric weight for estimates is taken in the "dense body" of structures.

Conversion of construction waste from m3 to tons

Waste generated as a result of demolition is mainly considered in cubic meters. meters, and the cost of export, loading is calculated for a ton. To include transportation costs in the estimate, the values \u200b\u200bare converted from 1m3 to tons.

To do this, you can use the data of the average volumetric mass. If you need to know how many tons will weigh 3m3 brickwork, it is necessary to multiply its average value (1800 kg / m3) by the volume (3m3).

1800×3=5400 kg=5.4 tons.

When there is no data on the average volumetric mass, it is possible to calculate the tonnage of waste, knowing the volume, density of these residues.

Construction waste density

Construction waste includes the remains of various materials. These materials have their own density. This is important to consider when:

building logistics routes;
choosing the carrying capacity of the vehicle for waste disposal;
determining the number, type of containers.

For bulk dismantling residues, (according to SNiPu), bulk density is taken into account.

Bulk density = mass of loosely filled waste divided by volume.

This takes into account not only the volume of the material, but also the space between it. Therefore, the bulk density is less than usual.

Density different types construction debris

Weight to volume ratio

To find out the ratio of waste (m and V) after disassembly, use the calculated values. The tables indicate the volume, specific gravity of the exported material. Knowing them, it is easy to convert tons of garbage to m3 and vice versa.

Calculation methods

More on preparatory stage the amount of waste is calculated. For this, the following algorithm is used.

The volume of the object (in a dense body) is calculated. This takes into account the foundation, dimensions window openings, roof.
The calculated value is increased by 2 (loosening factor), and the actual volume of construction debris is obtained.
Find the mass of waste from the site by multiplying the actual volume by the density of the material.
Determine how to dispose of waste. For one type, the number of containers is calculated, for others, the carrying capacity of the machines.

Mass of a cubic meter of construction waste

To find out how much a cubic meter is weight, use average value density. The value indicates the mass of waste of a given volume. For example, the mass of a cubic meter of mixed waste generated during the repair is 160 kg (0.16 tons), and a cubic meter of exactly the same debris from demolition will already be 1600 kg (1.6 tons). Since the average density of these materials is 0.16 t/m3 during repair, and 1.6 t/m3 during demolition (dismantling). In the same way, you can find out the mass of a cubic meter of sand, gravel, insulation.

If there is no data on the average density, then to convert cubic meters to tons, it is enough to multiply the volume by the density.

How to count construction waste from demolition of buildings?

To find out how much building waste is formed after the demolition of the object, the density of the material included in the remains is determined. For this, tables of material density are used, or general calculated values \u200b\u200bare used.

Then the specific gravity or mass per cubic meter is calculated. To determine the cost of delivery to the burial place, cubic meters are converted into tons. Calculated according to the type of construction debris, taking into account the data of volumetric specific gravity.

In the process of dismantling (dismantling) buildings or structures or individual structural elements, as well as during the performance of construction and installation and repair and construction works, returnable materials are formed, returnable materials with a residual value - scrap metal and firewood or construction waste. It is possible that before the start of repair or construction (reconstruction) there is uncollected garbage at the construction site. In this case, the costs of garbage collection are taken into account in the estimate documentation on the basis of an act signed by representatives of the customer, the operating and design organizations, as well as the contractor, if it has already been determined, and then approved by the investor or customer. The act indicates the amount of garbage and its hazard class. In this case, based on the data from the act, a local estimate is compiled, which takes into account the costs of developing waste and loading it into vehicle, transportation to a place of storage or to a landfill, a fee for the reception and processing of garbage at a landfill.

Construction waste is also generated in the process of construction and installation or repair and construction works:

From the dismantling of buildings and structures, their individual structural elements or engineering and technological equipment;
From punching openings and holes;
From that part of the materials that cannot be used in the production process (hardened in vehicles concrete mix or mortar, fragments of bricks, small blocks and others wall materials etc.);
Hard-to-remove losses and waste (end waste, scraps of materials in the manufacture of long parts (products);
When cutting materials due to the non-multiplicity of the dimensions of structures with the dimensions of the materials used (plates, sheets, etc.).
From packages, props and non-returnable containers used in the transportation of materials and equipment (categorization of containers as returnable or non-returnable is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract) for the purchase of inventories);
As a result of maintenance of construction workers - municipal solid waste.

The costs of dismantling (dismantling) buildings and structures, their individual structural elements or punching holes are determined according to the collection. There are 2 ways to dismantle buildings and structures:

with preservation (elemental disassembly)
without preservation of suitable materials (collapse).

The dismantling method is determined by the construction organization project. Additionally, only the costs of dismantling heating systems, hot and cold water supply can be taken into account.

When determining the costs of cleaning materials from the dismantling of buildings and structures, engineering equipment or individual structures, as well as from punching openings and holes, the following data must be taken into account:

costs for horizontal and vertical (lowering through the window in the trays)
movement of garbage and materials from dismantling in buildings and structures (at a distance of up to 80 m) to the place of their storage within the construction site of the facility at a distance of up to 50 m from buildings and structures
vertical transport of waste obtained during the dismantling and repair of structures is taken into account for buildings up to 15 m high;
with a higher height of the repaired buildings, additional costs for vertical transport should be taken into account;
costs paid separately:
the cost of packing garbage into bags;
the cost of the bags;
descent of garbage with manual removal on a stretcher or in bags;
the work of two workers when packing garbage into bags, or according to timing.

In the case when the actual distance for the removal of garbage exceeds the weighted average total 80 + 50 m, in the estimate documentation should include the cost of its additional movement within the construction site. When calculating the actual distance of carrying garbage (normalized to horizontal), it must be taken into account that when garbage is lowered from the floors or coverings of a building, 8 m should be added to the actual length of the distance traveled for each meter of descent.

In the event that the construction (repair) organization project justifies the cramped conditions for dismantling work, then the recommended coefficients for the remuneration of workers and for the costs of operating machines apply to loading operations. For the costs of transporting structures from dismantling, construction debris, etc. outside the construction site, as well as the costs of unloading these materials outside the construction site (site overhaul) the above coefficients do not apply.

The volumetric mass of construction waste should be taken averaged in the dense body of structures according to the following standards:

When disassembling concrete structures- 2400 kg/m3;
When disassembling reinforced concrete structures- 2500 kg/m3;
When disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg / m3;
When disassembling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg / m3;
When performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3;
When disassembling metal structures and engineering and technological equipment, it is taken according to design data.

O b The volume of construction debris from the dismantling (destruction) of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is much larger than the volume of these structures in a dense body, and therefore the volumetric mass of debris was taken as 1800 kg/m3. In cases where in the estimate documentation the mass of construction waste is taken according to the volume of reinforced concrete structures being dismantled in a dense body, the costs of transporting construction waste should also be calculated based on the mass of structures in a dense body - 2500 kg / m3.

The cost of loading construction debris and materials unsuitable for further application, formed as a result of dismantling of buildings, structures and equipment, into a vehicle and its removal from the construction site to the place of storage or to a landfill are determined according to the current tariffs and are taken into account in local estimates.

"Regulations on the customer in the construction of facilities for state needs in the territory Russian Federation"It is prescribed that the customer must report in the initial data for the design of the place for the removal and storage of excess soil, construction waste and materials from disassembly that are unsuitable for further use. Based on these data, the distance for removal of soil and construction waste from the construction site is determined. In the case when as part of the initial data for design, the customer does not indicate the place of removal or storage of excess soil, construction debris, in local estimates, the costs of their transportation from the construction site to the place of its disposal (processing) or temporary storage should be taken on the basis of the scheme of the optimal route for the movement of vehicles on Based on the above data, a local estimate is compiled, which takes into account the costs of loading garbage into a vehicle, transportation to a storage site or landfill, and fees for receiving and processing waste at a landfill. sorting should be taken into account in local estimates without highlighting the remuneration of drivers. The costs associated with the demolition or dismantling of buildings and structures are taken into account in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from the dismantling of the construction site of the consolidated estimate calculation of the cost of construction.

In the absence of the necessary norms or unit prices, the costs of dismantling or dismantling are determined according to the relevant norms or unit prices for construction and special construction, installation or repair and construction work, applying to the relevant elements from the norm, as well as to funds for wages and costs for operation of construction machines and mechanisms specified in the unit price, reducing coefficients. When dismantling prefabricated concrete, reinforced concrete or wooden structures this coefficient is assumed to be 0.8, metal structures- 0.7, outdoor pipeline networks-0.6, and internal - 0.4.

The costs of dismantling or removing structures from their working position, releasing structures from fastening and removing loads, as well as subsequent installation, are not included in the prices.

The costs associated with the removal of debris resulting from the dismantling of structures during the reconstruction of buildings and structures should be taken into account in the procedure for applying federal unit rates for construction and special construction work.

When dismantling the equipment, the value of the specified coefficient depends on its further use. So, if further use of the equipment is expected after its long-term storage, a coefficient of 0.7 is accepted, without the need for storage - 0.6. This provision also applies to work on the dismantling of the cable with its subsequent installation along a new route (rerouting); - the equipment is not subject to further use (intended for scrap) with disassembly and cutting into pieces - 0.5; - the same, without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. If the dismantled equipment is not subject to further use, then when it is disassembled and cut into pieces, a coefficient of 0.5 is taken, and without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. The indicated coefficients do not apply to the cost material resources taken into account when installing the equipment. The consumption of material resources actually used during the dismantling of equipment is taken into account additionally when drawing up a local estimate for dismantling (in fact, for similar types of work). The coefficients for the cost of dismantling the equipment are established from the condition of its dismantling (dismantling) in an unsecured state, freed from fixings in the structure, as well as from welding or other fastening with other structural elements.

Additional costs associated with punching and sealing furrows, nest niches in existing structures, in which the dismantled (disassembled) equipment is embedded, as well as cutting of embedded parts or elements of metal structures to which it is welded, should be taken into account additionally in local estimates based on design decisions or survey reports.

If during the dismantling (dismantling) of the equipment it becomes necessary to supply scaffolding to support the dismantled equipment during its dismantling (dismantling), additional work for the installation and dismantling of supporting scaffolding should be taken into account in local estimates additionally. When determining estimated cost dismantling of equipment by applying reduction factors to the cost of installation (excluding the cost of material resources), additionally, only those types of work that were not provided for in the scope of work and taken into account in the norm (price) for the installation of this type of equipment can be additionally taken into account. The rates (prices) for the installation of luminaires take into account the installation of brackets and the connection of luminaires, therefore, when determining the cost of dismantling luminaires, the dismantling of brackets and disconnecting the luminaire from the network are not additionally taken into account.

In cases where unit prices are not provided for the installation (arrangement) of structures subject to dismantling (dismantling) according to the project, dismantling costs may be included in the estimate documentation at individual unit prices developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure. In cases where structures, materials and products obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings and structures are recognized as suitable for reuse, then in local estimates their return value is given at the price of a possible sale (determined by market conditions and limited only by the value of the cost of a similar cost of a new material or product), minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a condition suitable for reuse and delivery to places of storage or sale. The cost of returnable packaging included in the cost of equipment and other material resources is accounted for in a similar manner.

Accounting for construction waste and the return of materials from disassembly in the estimate documentation.

The amount of refunds at the preparation stage project documentation it is allowed to determine according to the expert assessment of the customer, reflected by him in the design assignment or the initial data for the development of estimate documentation. All return materials received at the facility are the property of the customer (the owner of the facility) and are used by him for their intended purpose. The volume of receipt of returnable materials, products and construction waste generated at the facilities is determined by the design and estimate documentation or based on the results of a survey of the dismantled structures. Returnable amounts of materials received from the dismantling of temporary pipelines for water supply, gas pipelines, etc. should be determined on the basis of the act, which should establish the state of materials from disassembly, the amount of inevitable losses during the dismantling of the pipeline. The cost of pipes during the dismantling of a temporary pipeline should be taken at the average selling prices prevailing in the region, minus the costs of bringing them into a fit condition for reuse and delivery to storage sites. Based on established practice, the refundable amounts, taking into account the cost of materials from the dismantling of temporary pipelines, is about 80% of the cost of materials for their installation. If in local estimate If a sheet piling installation is accepted without taking into account the pile turnover, and the sheet pile is removed, then the amount of sheet piling returned is taken into account in the amount of 85% of the mass of sheet piles to be removed.

The percentage of yield of a suitable stone to determine its return value at the rate and price is approximately recommended to be taken at a rate of 60%. The actual yield of a suitable stone for further use is determined at the place of work and is documented by the relevant act.

The possibility of reusing materials from the dismantling of water supply and sewerage networks is established by an act between the customer and the contractor.

The refundable amounts from the delivery of scrap metal are taken into account by the calculation by excluding from the scrap metal acceptance price established by the Vtorchermet base the costs of loading and delivering scrap metal from the construction site to the scrap metal collection point.

The amount of asphalt concrete scrap or crumbs obtained as a result of dismantling asphalt concrete pavement, is determined at the place of work and is drawn up by the relevant act. When determining the refundable amounts, one should additionally take into account the costs of its loading, if it is not taken into account by the price for dismantling, and the transportation of asphalt concrete scrap to a regeneration or asphalt concrete plant.

The cost of secondary raw materials (firewood, crushed stone, etc.) obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings is taken into account in a similar manner.

The return cost of dismantled heating boilers in the estimates should be taken into account conditionally at the rate of at least 30% of the selling price for the types of boilers being dismantled. If it is impossible to use or sell materials from dismantling or associated mining, their cost in refundable amounts is not taken into account. Refundable amounts are not excluded from the result of the estimate calculation (estimate), the object estimate calculation (estimate) and the summary estimate calculation of the construction cost. The refundable amounts from the sale of materials, parts, equipment and production and household equipment, received from the dismantling of temporary buildings and structures on the balance sheet of the customer, are determined by calculations that take into account the sale of these materials and parts at the current price level (minus the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivery to storage areas). The agreement (contract) establishes the responsibility of the contractor for obtaining returnable materials in the amount and range specified in the project documentation, as well as the procedure for their use.

Materials from the dismantling of non-title temporary structures are taken into account on the basis of internal acts of any form approved by the management of the contractor.

The costs of cleaning up construction (technological) waste generated during the period of work (hard-to-remove losses and waste, non-returnable containers and household waste), loading and transporting it to a landfill or to a place of processing are included in the costs of organizing work on construction sites which are included in the overhead costs. Therefore, they are not subject to additional accounting in the estimate documentation.

Accounting in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from dismantling is provided. Payment for the services provided for placement and processing at the sites specialized organization construction debris and materials from dismantling, unsuitable for further use, is taken into account in the estimate documentation (other costs). Volumes of construction debris and other waste construction industry, their hazard class are accepted according to the regulations for the management of construction waste, which should be part of the project documentation.

In the process of dismantling (dismantling) buildings or structures or individual structural elements, as well as during construction and installation and repair and construction work, returnable materials are formed, returnable materials with a residual value - scrap metal and firewood or construction waste. It is possible that before the start of repair or construction (reconstruction) there is uncollected garbage at the construction site. In this case, the costs of garbage collection are taken into account in the estimate documentation on the basis of an act signed by representatives of the customer, the operating and design organizations, as well as the contractor, if it has already been determined, and then approved by the investor or customer. The act indicates the amount of garbage and its hazard class. In this case, based on the data from the act, a local estimate is compiled, which takes into account the costs of developing waste and loading it into a vehicle, transporting it to a storage site or a landfill, and a fee for receiving and processing waste at a landfill.

Construction waste is also generated in the process of construction and installation or repair and construction works:

From the dismantling of buildings and structures, their individual structural elements or engineering and technological equipment;
From punching openings and holes;
From that part of the materials that cannot be used in the production process (concrete mixture or mortar hardened in vehicles, fragments of bricks, small blocks and other wall materials, etc.);
Hard-to-remove losses and waste (end waste, scraps of materials in the manufacture of long parts (products);
When cutting materials due to the non-multiplicity of the dimensions of structures with the dimensions of the materials used (plates, sheets, etc.).
From packages, props and non-returnable containers used in the transportation of materials and equipment (categorization of containers as returnable or non-returnable is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract) for the purchase of inventories);
As a result of maintenance of construction workers - municipal solid waste.

The costs of disassembling (), their individual structural elements or punching holes are determined by the collection. There are 2 ways to dismantle buildings and structures:

with preservation (elemental disassembly)
without preservation of suitable materials (collapse).

The dismantling method is determined by the construction organization project. Additionally, only the costs of dismantling heating systems, hot and cold water supply can be taken into account.

When determining the costs of cleaning up materials from the dismantling of buildings and structures, engineering equipment or individual structures, as well as from punching openings and holes, the following data must be taken into account:

costs for horizontal and vertical (lowering through the window in the trays)
movement of garbage and materials from dismantling in buildings and structures (at a distance of up to 80 m) to the place of their storage within the construction site of the facility at a distance of up to 50 m from buildings and structures
vertical transport of waste obtained during the dismantling and repair of structures is taken into account for buildings up to 15 m high;
with a higher height of the repaired buildings, additional costs for vertical transport should be taken into account;
costs paid separately:
the cost of packing garbage into bags;
the cost of the bags;
descent of garbage with manual removal on a stretcher or in bags;
the work of two workers when packing garbage into bags, or according to timing.

In the event that the actual distance for the removal of garbage exceeds the weighted average total of 80 + 50 m, the cost estimates should include the cost of its additional movement within the construction site. When calculating the actual distance of carrying garbage (normalized to horizontal), it must be taken into account that when garbage is lowered from the floors or coverings of a building, 8 m should be added to the actual length of the distance traveled for each meter of descent.

In the event that the construction (repair) organization project justifies the cramped conditions for dismantling work, then the recommended coefficients for the remuneration of workers and for the costs of operating machines apply to loading operations. For the costs of transporting structures from dismantling, construction debris, etc. outside the construction of the facility, as well as the costs of unloading these materials outside the construction site (overhaul site), the above coefficients do not apply.

The volumetric mass of construction waste should be taken averaged in the dense body of structures according to the following standards:

When disassembling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3;
When disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3;
When disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg / m3;
When disassembling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg / m3;
When performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3;
When disassembling metal structures and engineering and technological equipment, it is taken according to design data.

The costs of loading construction waste and materials unsuitable for further use, resulting from the dismantling of buildings, structures and equipment, into a vehicle and its removal from the construction site to a storage site or to a landfill are determined according to the current tariffs and are taken into account in local estimates.

The "Regulations on the customer in the construction of facilities for state needs on the territory of the Russian Federation" prescribes that the customer must report in the initial data for the design of the place of removal and storage of excess soil, construction waste and materials from dismantling unsuitable for further use. Based on these data, the distance of removal of soil and construction debris from the construction site is determined. In the event that the customer does not indicate the place of removal or storage of excess soil, construction waste as part of the initial data for design, in local estimates the costs of transporting them from the construction site to the place of its disposal (processing) or temporary storage should be taken on the basis of the optimal route scheme movement of vehicles on this route or act. Based on the above data, a local estimate is compiled, which takes into account the costs of loading garbage into a vehicle, transportation to a storage site or a landfill, and fees for receiving and processing waste at a landfill. Transportation costs should be taken into account in local estimates without highlighting the remuneration of drivers. The costs associated with the demolition or dismantling of buildings and structures are taken into account in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from the dismantling of the construction site of the consolidated estimate calculation of the cost of construction.

In the absence of the necessary norms or unit prices, the costs of dismantling or dismantling are determined according to the relevant norms or unit prices for construction and special construction, installation or repair and construction work, applying to the relevant elements from the norm, as well as to funds for wages and costs for operation of construction machines and mechanisms specified in the unit price, reducing coefficients. When dismantling prefabricated concrete, reinforced concrete or wooden structures, this coefficient is taken as 0.8, metal structures - 0.7, external pipeline networks - 0.6, and internal - 0.4.

When dismantling the equipment, the value of the specified coefficient depends on its further use. So, if further use of the equipment is expected after its long-term storage, a coefficient of 0.7 is accepted, without the need for storage - 0.6. This provision also applies to work on the dismantling of the cable with its subsequent installation along a new route (rerouting); - the equipment is not subject to further use (intended for scrap) with disassembly and cutting into pieces - 0.5; - the same, without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. If the dismantled equipment is not subject to further use, then when it is disassembled and cut into pieces, a coefficient of 0.5 is taken, and without disassembly and cutting - 0.3. These coefficients do not apply to the cost of material resources taken into account during the installation of equipment. The consumption of material resources actually used during the dismantling of equipment is taken into account additionally when drawing up a local estimate for dismantling (in fact, for similar types of work). The coefficients for the cost of dismantling the equipment are established from the condition of its dismantling (dismantling) in an unsecured state, freed from fixings in the structure, as well as from welding or other fastening with other structural elements.

Additional costs associated with punching and sealing grooves, nest niches in existing structures, in which dismantled (disassembled) equipment is embedded, as well as cutting embedded parts or metal structural elements to which it is welded, should be taken into account additionally in local estimates based on design decisions, or survey reports.

If, during dismantling (dismantling) of equipment, it becomes necessary to supply scaffolding to support the dismantled equipment during its dismantling (dismantling), additional work on the installation and dismantling of supporting scaffolding should be taken into account additionally in local estimates. When determining the estimated cost of dismantling equipment by applying reduction factors to the cost of installation (excluding the cost of material resources), additionally, only those types of work that were not provided for in the scope of work and taken into account in the norm (price) for the installation of this type of equipment can be additionally taken into account. The rates (prices) for the installation of luminaires take into account the installation of brackets and the connection of luminaires, therefore, when determining the cost of dismantling luminaires, the dismantling of brackets and disconnecting the luminaire from the network are not additionally taken into account.

In cases where unit prices are not provided for the installation (arrangement) of structures subject to dismantling (dismantling) according to the project, dismantling costs may be included in the estimate documentation at individual unit prices developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure. In cases where structures, materials and products obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings and structures are recognized as suitable for reuse, then their return value is given in local estimates at the price of a possible sale (determined by market conditions and limited only by the value of the cost of a similar cost of a new material or product), minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a condition suitable for reuse and delivery to places of storage or sale. The cost of returnable packaging included in the cost of equipment and other material resources is accounted for in a similar manner.

Accounting for construction waste and the return of materials from disassembly in the estimate documentation.

The amount of refundable amounts at the stage of preparation of project documentation may be determined according to the expert assessment of the customer, reflected by him in the design assignment or the initial data for the development of estimate documentation. All return materials received at the facility are the property of the customer (the owner of the facility) and are used by him for their intended purpose. The volume of receipt of returnable materials, products and construction waste generated at the facilities is determined by the design and estimate documentation or based on the results of a survey of the dismantled structures. Returnable amounts of materials received from the dismantling of temporary pipelines for water supply, gas pipelines, etc. should be determined on the basis of the act, which should establish the state of materials from disassembly, the amount of inevitable losses during the dismantling of the pipeline. The cost of pipes during the dismantling of a temporary pipeline should be taken at the average selling prices prevailing in the region, minus the costs of bringing them into a fit condition for reuse and delivery to storage sites. Based on established practice, the refundable amounts, taking into account the cost of materials from the dismantling of temporary pipelines, is about 80% of the cost of materials for their installation. If the sheet piling installation is accepted in the local estimate without taking into account the turnover of piles, and the sheet pile is removed, then the volume of return of the sheet pile is taken into account in the amount of 85% of the mass of the sheet piles to be removed.

The possibility of reusing materials from the dismantling of water supply and sewerage networks is established by an act between the customer and the contractor.

The amount of asphalt concrete scrap or chips obtained as a result of disassembling the asphalt concrete pavement is determined at the work site and is documented by the relevant act. When determining the refundable amounts, one should additionally take into account the costs of its loading, if it is not taken into account by the price for dismantling, and the transportation of asphalt concrete scrap to a regeneration or asphalt concrete plant.

The cost of secondary raw materials (firewood, crushed stone, etc.) obtained as a result of dismantling or demolition of buildings is taken into account in a similar manner.

Materials from the dismantling of non-title temporary structures are taken into account on the basis of internal acts of any form approved by the management of the contractor.

The costs of cleaning up construction (technological) waste generated during the period of work (hard-to-remove losses and waste, non-returnable packaging and household waste), loading and transporting it to a landfill or to a place of processing are related to the costs of organizing work at construction sites, which are taken into account in as part of the overhead costs. Therefore, they are not subject to additional accounting in the estimate documentation.

Accounting in the estimate documentation of construction waste and the return of materials from dismantling is provided. The payment for the services provided for the placement and processing of construction waste and materials from dismantling unsuitable for further use at the sites of a specialized organization is taken into account in the estimate documentation (other costs). The volumes of construction waste and other construction waste, their hazard class are accepted according to the regulations for the management of construction waste, which should be part of the project documentation.

If you have planned the demolition of the house, you should be clearly aware of the need to remove the debris remaining after the demolition. And these works need to be planned and included in the calculations when ordering work on dismantling the house. Indeed, often the cost of removal and disposal work exceeds the cost of the demolition work itself.

How to understand how much garbage will need to be removed after the demolition of your building and how to calculate the cost of garbage removal during dismantling. We will reveal a few secrets in this article.

First, let's make a reservation right away that such a thing as an accurate calculation of the amount of garbage during the demolition of large multi-storey buildings feasible only for a trained engineer. The error in such a case can be the greater, the more inexperienced the specialist.

Too many factors to consider. Here is just a part:

The nature of the debris (building materials);

Method of dismantling and grinding;

loading method;

Remoteness of the export landfill;

Difficulties loading operations;

The need for reporting on disposal;

The volume of the container (body);

Geographic location object (metropolis, city, countryside, etc.).

It is important to understand one not unimportant detail: do not think that in the calculations you will be able to multiply all the geometric dimensions of the details of the house, the length of the height of each of the walls, ceilings, roof area and multiplying all this by the thickness of these parts to get the exact amount of garbage removed. The fact is that when loading in a body (container), no matter how hard you try, there will be voids, because during demolition, the parts will not have the correct geometric shapes. With this method of calculation, it will be necessary, taking into account the method of dismantling, loading, the type of material at home, to multiply the resulting volume by 1.5, or even by 2.5! This is the so-called direct loosening coefficient. This method of calculation does not suit us, because we have to sit down for building guides What coefficient should we take into account. Entrust this work to professionals.

There are many cases when, having no experience in demolition, having started calculations, they make mistakes in the smaller direction. It is unpleasant when you have to take out much more than expected. But the opposite situation may also occur - when the contractor overestimates the volume, and hence the cost. Here it is important not to miss this moment and control as much as possible.

Now let's give a simple example of how, without all these intricacies, to understand how much construction waste a particular contractor will take out and whether he is cheating in the calculations.

In addition to the geometric dimensions of the indicated building (area on the ground, height in the ridge), only one number is needed. Let's call it the inverse loosening coefficient, it is equal to 2.65. This is its average value for low-rise buildings, taking into account the building material, it may not change significantly up or down. But it is this number that will be enough to calculate the approximate volume of construction waste removed during the demolition of a low-rise private house. The number that is derived by experts empirically.

Consider an example with country house, having a size of 6 by 6 meters. The height of the building from the ground to the ridge is 7 meters. (It is in the ridge, because this is how the construction volume of the building is calculated. If the roof is flat, then we consider the height to upper corner building)

We calculate the construction volume of the building:

6x6x7=252 cubic meters.

Divide by the reciprocal loosening factor 2.65:

252/2.65 = 95 cubic meters

95 m3: this is the approximate amount of construction waste that will need to be removed during the demolition of this building.

The volume is calculated taking into account the underground part of the foundation (if there is no basement). This is how the magic number works.

Do not forget that the cost of removing the same amount of construction waste in different regions may differ greatly. Also, depending on the complexity of the object, the cost of loading operations may differ. And of course, in the construction market, as in other markets, the wholesale rule applies, the larger the volume, the lower the cost per unit.

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2. We calculate the actual volume of construction waste prepared for removal:

V debris = V buildings in the air: K loosening

The volumetric mass of construction debris should be taken averaged according to the following standards: - when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg/m3; - when disassembling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg/m3; - when disassembling structures made of brick, stone, beating off plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg/m3; - when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg/m3; - when performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling of metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg/m3. Note: - volumetric masses of construction debris from dismantling building structures are given from taking them into account in the dense body of structures;

Usually light voluminous garbage exported in containers.

Heavy garbage is taken out by heavy dump trucks (brick and concrete breakage, soil). For loading, special equipment is used, because. manually loading a dump truck will not work.

In our work, we use containers with a volume of 27 m3 (load capacity 12 tons) and dump trucks with a body volume of 18-20 m3 and a load capacity of up to 30 tons

The number of containers / dump trucks is calculated as follows:

K = Vgarbage / 27 m3 (or 20 m3 for dump trucks)

The cost of a container (27 m3) in Moscow at the end of December 2014 averaged 9500 rubles (in the region 10000-11000). The cost of the dump truck Moscow / region is 8000/10000, respectively.

We provide consultations on the dismantling of buildings and structures, country houses, demolition of any buildings and dismantling of any structures, we will make a preliminary estimate for the services for the demolition of buildings and structures.

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Calculation of the cost of construction waste removal

You can calculate the real cost of disposal of construction waste using the following method:

1. The volume of the building to be dismantled in the "Air" or in the geometry of the building is determined:

Length of the house X Width of the house X Height (from the bottom of the foundation to the ridge of the roof).

2. We calculate the actual volume of construction waste prepared for removal (in solid form):

V debris in solid = V building in air: K loosening

To loosening = 2.0 - 3.0 --- an empirical coefficient that takes into account all the individual loosening coefficients of the resulting construction debris.

K loosening \u003d 2.0 - it has been experimentally established that the actual volume of garbage (taking into account furnaces, old furniture and other garbage) is obtained by using this value

3. Calculate the weight of the garbage to be removed.

P pin weight Debris = V debris in solid x Mob.

Where Mob. \u003d 1600 kg / m3 --- volumetric mass of construction waste obtained during disassembly.

The volumetric mass of construction waste should be taken averaged according to the following standards: - when dismantling concrete structures - 2400 kg / m3; - when dismantling reinforced concrete structures - 2500 kg / m3; - when dismantling structures made of brick, stone, chipping plaster and facing tiles - 1800 kg / m3; - when dismantling wooden and frame-fill structures - 600 kg / m3; - when performing other dismantling works (except for dismantling metal structures and engineering and technological equipment) - 1200 kg / m3. Note: - volumetric mass of construction waste from the dismantling of building structures are given from their accounting in the dense body of structures;

The mass of dismantled metal structures and engineering and technological equipment is taken according to design data.

Those. we calculated the weight of the garbage to be removed in tons.

4. Next, depending on the Weight and volume of the garbage to be removed, we determine the number of containers or dump trucks needed to remove the garbage from the site for disposal. We take as a basis exactly the VOLUME of the exported garbage.

Usually light volumetric waste (logs, beams are taken out only by containers) is taken out by containers.

Heavy garbage is taken out by heavy dump trucks (brick and concrete breakage, soil)

In our work, we use containers with a volume of 27 m3 (load capacity 10 tons) and dump trucks with a body volume of V = 20 m3 and a load capacity of 20 tons

The number of containers is calculated as follows:

K cont. = Vgarbage / 27 m3 (or 20 m3)

The cost of a container (27 m3) in Chelyabinsk at the end of December 2013 averaged 9,500 rubles (in the region 10,000-11,000). The cost of the Chelyabinsk/region dump truck is 6000/8000, respectively.

We carry out dismantling works: demolition, demolition, dismantling of buildings and structures, foundations, country houses, summer cottages, trade pavilions, mini-markets, shops, stalls, dismantling of walls, partitions, screeds, ceilings, any metal structures, ceilings, parquet, tiles, laminate, drywall, sanitary cabins.

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Calculation of the soil loosening coefficient

1 Views
2 Properties
3 How to calculate holding necessary work

For some construction work there is a development of soil for laying the foundation. For planning work related to excavation and removal of land, some features should be taken into account: loosening, moisture, density.

The soil loosening factor table below will help you determine the increase in soil volume when it is excavated from the pit.

Kinds

Rocky, stone, rock and cemented rocks - development is possible only with the use of crushing or using explosion technology.
Clay, sand, mixed types of rocks - sampling is done manually or mechanized using bulldozers, excavators or other specialized equipment.

Properties

Loosening - an increase in the volume of land during excavation and development.
Humidity is the ratio of the mass of water contained in the ground to the mass of solid particles. It is determined as a percentage: the soil is considered dry with a moisture content of less than 5%, exceeding 30% - wet, in the range from 5 to 30% - normal humidity. The more humid the composition, the more time-consuming the process of its excavation, the exception is clay (the drier - the more difficult it is to develop, too wet - becomes viscous, sticky).
Density - the mass of 1 m3 of soil in a dense (natural) state. The densest and heaviest rocks, the lightest - sandy, sandy soils.
Cohesion - the value of resistance to shear, sandy and sandy soils have an indicator - 3–50 kPa, clays, loams - 5–200 kPa.

Based building codes and rules (SNIP), soil loosening coefficient (initial), density index in accordance with the category, are given in the table:

After analyzing the table, we can say that the initial loosening coefficient of the soil is directly proportional to the density range, in other words, than the denser and heavier soil in natural conditions, the larger its volume during development.

There are also calculations of the coefficient of residual loosening of the soil, the result determines how much the soil lends itself to precipitation when caking, in contact with water or tamping. In construction, these calculations are of great importance for determining the amount required material, and they are also taken into account when storing, recycling land.

How to calculate the necessary work

To calculate the necessary work, you should know the geometric dimensions of the planned pit. Next, multiply the coefficient of initial loosening by the volume of earth in its natural state.

As a result, you will receive the volume that will be withdrawn from the construction quarry. Now it is very easy to calculate the amount of seized land for storage, loading, transportation for disposal.

Watch the video: SOIL TYPES. GEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SITE

In one cube of garbage (in 1 m3 of garbage) 160 - 640 kilograms (kg).

In one kilogram of garbage 0.00625 - 0.00156 cubic meters.

To convert kilogram (kg) to cubes and vice versa, use.

How the calculation is made:

The calculation is made according to a simple physical formula Mass = Density * Volume.

The density of the garbage depends on the type of garbage and ranges from 160 to 640 kg/m3.

Consequently:

1) If you need to determine the mass of debris, then multiply the density of the debris by its volume.

2) If it is necessary to determine the volume of garbage, then divide the mass of the garbage by its density.

Theory:

Theoretical and practical concepts of converting one unit of measurement to another are based on centuries of experience scientific research humanity in applied fields of knowledge.

Mass is a characteristic of a body, which is a measure of the gravitational interaction with other bodies.

Volume is the amount of space occupied by a body or substance.

Density is physical quantity, defined as the ratio of the mass of a body to the volume occupied by this body.

Practice:

This page provides the simplest answer to the question of how many kilograms (kg) in a cube (m3) of garbage and vice versa. One cube of garbage is equal to 160 - 640 kilograms (kg). One kilogram of garbage is equal to 0.00625 - 0.00156 cubic meters.