Gas power plants cost of 1 kilowatt. Gas generators for electricity generation: the cost and cost of electricity tariffs in comparison. Accurate calculation - affordable prices

Changes in the management of the Russian economy have caused an increase in interest in small-scale energy projects. It became clear to the consumer that during the period when RAO "UES of Russia" is busy with its restructuring, and for a long time after that, one should not hope to receive reliable and cheap energy supply from large energy, especially for new facilities. The cost of building your own power plant in Moscow and the Moscow region turns out to be the same as the cost of connecting to the Mosenergo system.

Large energy consumers have enough funds to hire qualified experts to assess the cost of building their own energy facilities or to choose options for cooperation with energy systems on joint participation in the reconstruction of generating and network facilities.

But professionals and managers of small businesses and municipalities it is necessary to be guided in the choice of energy-efficient projects.

Technical literature and popular publications are littered various recommendations on the use of small, and alternative energy, incl. on the use of wind solar installations, micro hydroelectric power stations, small thermal power plants using biofuels and all sorts of rubbish. Undoubtedly everything suitable options power plants should be considered from a million ...

However, recommendations based on the proven experience of Western countries are often not economically justified in Russia, and the payback period for conventional CHP projects in Russia is sometimes twice or shorter than in the USA. This article is another attempt to define the "zones" of application different options small CHP in Russia.

The main difference between small energy

Energy supply from large power plants implies the presence of electrical and thermal networks through which energy is transmitted a large number consumers divided into categories of consumption reliability, consumption volumes, social status and according to tariffs. The need to build and operate networks doubles or triples the cost of energy generated end consumers both here and abroad.

A small CHPP is being built for one or a group of consumers united in local network. Since an individual small consumer has a minimum length of networks, in the further analysis we will consider only the cost of generation and modes of energy use by the consumer himself.

Big energy as a guide

When considering projects for the construction of small thermal power plants, power engineers and specialists of enterprises are guided by the indicators achieved in the large power industry. In the large power industry, more and more complex schemes for generating electricity are used. The efficiency of power plants is also growing, mainly due to the use and complexity of power plants with combined cycle plants.

If the efficiency of steam turbine power plants froze at around 42% for 40 years, then the efficiency of power plants with a complex cycle, including electric generators with gas turbine and steam turbine drives, in 1993 had a “ceremonial” efficiency = 51.5%, and three years ago, i.e. e. in 2003, the efficiency of such installations (in the West) increased to 56.5%, i.e. grew at 0.5% per year. And the prospects for increasing the efficiency of conventional "thermal" energy are still great.

Differences of small energy

For obvious reasons, we exclude nuclear power plants and solar power plants (SPP) from consideration. Of course, only a lazy summer resident in Russia did not install a solar water heater for the shower. As for solar power plants, we have less sun in the North Caucasus than in California, and in California the cost of "green energy" from solar power plants is twice as high as from traditional power plants.

It is expensive to build a good coal-fired CHP plant with a capacity of less than 10 MW. But the Danes are building boiler houses and thermal power plants that burn wood waste and even straw. But in Russia, the yield of wheat is lower and it is more difficult to collect straw (A.M. Mastepanov). It is more difficult to collect and burn urban garbage. Such projects should be large enough. Let's not "dig" into hydrogen energy either.

Newfangled hydrogen energy in terms of efficiency will not be able to keep up with conventional energy. Yes, small CHPPs on hydrogen with direct conversion of hydrogen energy in electrochemical generators must be reliable (there are no high-temperature surfaces and a lot of rotating units - turbines, generators, pumps), environmentally friendly in fact, because in the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen, only H 2 O emissions are obtained.

However, in terms of cost and economy in general, hydrogen energy is not yet “next to” conventional energy. The Americans themselves finally wrote about this frankly about two years ago. And besides, in a conventional gas turbine plant (GTU), in which natural gas is burned (natural gas and air are supplied to the burner through pressurized compressors), and high-temperature gases spin the power turbine, compressor and electric generator.

Air is supplied to the gas turbine in excess: it works as a “working fluid” in the turbine, and part of it is simply used to cool the burner walls and turbine blades. In the last two decades, gas turbine plants have been built in which air is partially replaced by water or steam. At the same time, the efficiency of the gas turbine increased by one and a half times, and the specific power of the unit increased by one and a half to two times (with the same volumes).

At modern technologies in such cycles, an electrical efficiency of 64% is achievable (such an efficiency is not planned in hydrogen energy ...) In fact, a complex steam-gas cycle is implemented in one turbine unit! Moreover, it significantly reduces harmful emissions nitrogen oxides (NOX). And if not air is supplied to the turbine, but oxygen? Then nitrogen will not enter the combustion chamber and there will be no nitrogen oxides.

Getting oxygen is becoming cheaper and cheaper due to the development of membrane technologies. According to information leaked to the Internet, such a project is being developed in the United States, and perhaps by the end of 2006 or early 2007 there will be test results. Well, just a "balm for the soul" for environmentalists! These achievements are not for us again! Neither RAO "UES of Russia" nor the state finances such "breakthrough" projects. In small power generation, it is inappropriate to consider the possibility of using complex schemes combined cycle CCGT for electricity generation. We restrict ourselves to simple solutions.

Small CHP for Russia

It is more profitable to generate both electricity and heat at a CHP plant than to separately generate heat at a boiler house and separately generate electricity at a power plant. The fuel savings are 30%! Everyone needs CHP! Thermal power plants that produce heat and electricity generate about 60% of all electricity in Russia. Russia is the coldest of all the great powers.

But here's the difference: in principle, we need more heat than other countries! And with such a requirement, super-high electrical efficiency is not needed, i.e. it is possible to use simpler and cheaper power plants. In many industries, year-round heat costs are higher than electricity costs. In summer, the population needs heat only for hot water supply, and this is only 15-20% of the winter consumption.

AT shopping malls and large office buildings need cooling (air conditioning) in summer as well. And in these cases, more electricity is needed, i.e. the electrical efficiency of CHP should be higher. What is the choice of power generating installations for a small CHP (or TPP)?

Steam turbine plants - PTU (any fuel for the boiler)

• Russian steam turbine plants. The smallest with good efficiency, but in terms of power not less than 500 kW at a cost slightly higher than $ 300 / kW. (there are others, but with low efficiency and unknown reliability);
• American steam turbine plants: 50 and 150 kW at a cost of $450-500/kW. Don't forget to also build a steam boiler at a cost of approximately $50/kW with all the junk (if you don't have a steam boiler).

Conventional gas turbine units - GTP (fuel: gas or diesel fuel)

Waste heat boilers are needed to generate heat flue gases(by unit cost comparable to steam boilers).

• Russian gas turbine units with a capacity of 2500 kW and above, the cost is approximately $600/kW. Efficiency = 24% and higher with increasing power;
• Ukrainian gas turbines with the same performance (there are also those with water injection into the turbine to increase power and efficiency);
• others, but more expensive.

It is possible to use gas turbines with lower power, but this reduces reliability (gearboxes are used) and the specific cost of 1 kW of installed power increases sharply.

Unusual gas turbines

Sold in Russia high-speed gas turbine units(made in USA and Europe). Their powers: 30; 70; 100 and 200 kW. With low efficiency = 17-22%. Expensive, more expensive than $1000/kW (!), but very good for remote "points" because they are light... High-frequency noise is easily muffled! Piston driven power generation plants(on gasoline, diesel fuel and natural gas). By power from several kW to 6000 kW in one unit or more. In terms of efficiency (up to 43%), they exceed gas turbines and steam turbines in all power ranges. In terms of maneuverability and independence from weather conditions, they are better than turbines. And the service life of piston units is two to three times higher than that of turbines. The unit cost depends on the capacity of the units. Gas piston power generating units (running on gas) are noticeably higher than diesel engines.

alternative energy

From alternative energy, we have a choice of hydroelectric power plants (HPP) and wind power plants (WPP).

Small HPPs

There are excellent Russian hydroelectric generators. With capacities of 1-5 MW, the cost of equipment is about $300/kW. But don't forget about the cost of building a dam, a building, etc. There are sleeve and floating power plants. The cost of this equipment is more expensive. Most of the rivers are flat and it is a problem to build a dam of considerable height ... And in winter, the rivers in Russia freeze. And there is a way out. On a large river, you can build an underwater hydroelectric power station. To do this, you need to install hydroelectric generators like windmills on the barge. Bring the barge along the river to the village, connect it to the shore with a cable and ... flood it so that the upper edge of the blades of the hydroelectric generator do not reach the bottom in winter. This expensive solution may be acceptable for some northern village, where the cost of fuel is five times higher than in Moscow.

Wind turbines have always been classified as small-scale power generation. But over the past 10 years, the power of individual windmills has grown from 350-500 to 3500 kW. At the same time, their cost decreased from 1500 to 900 $/kW. Coastal and sea-based wind farms have already been built with dozens of units with an assembly capacity of more than 40 MW. This is in Denmark and Germany.

Back in 1992, we delivered a unit with a capacity of 1000 kW in Kalmykia. But it did not work - either because the bearings burned out, or because the USSR was gone. The Danes were ready to sell us used wind farms with a capacity of 350 kW for "penny" (three to four times cheaper with a guarantee for six years, but bad luck - wind speeds in Denmark (almost an island) from all sides are about 8 m / s, and on the Russian plains it is only 3-5 m / s. At such speeds, the developed power will be in ( 8 / 5 )3 = 4.7 times less!

And when will this cheapness pay off! Of course, in our North, wind speeds are more than 8 m / s, but will Danish plastic blades (designed for year-round positive temperatures) withstand our frosts of -50 ° C? What about gearbox oil? What about electronics? Sometimes there is no wind. Then you need to combine WES with diesel power plant. One of the options proposed by Russian engineers was to use most of the energy from wind farms for heating.

Indeed, the greater the wind in winter, the more heat is “blown out” of the house, but the more (in cubic degree!) gives energy to the windmill. Moreover, it is possible not to stabilize the frequency and voltage, but to supply such completely “non-GOST” electricity directly to a water boiler or simply to electric heaters. The design of the generator will be much cheaper. No gearbox needed.

You can put aircraft-type blades "without speed limit" even in a storm. But this is a special task. For those places where fuel is delivered by Northern by sea. Currently, low-speed wind farms are being invented in Russia different types. But the cost of wind farms of small-scale production is and will be higher than in Denmark, where the national industry of wind farms and their mass production has been created. This is a Danish "chip" and Danish pride.

However, the Danish government stopped subsidizing the construction of wind farms in 2002, because in reality the cost of electricity from wind farms was much higher than electricity received from conventional thermal energy. Look at the picture, how expensive electricity is in Denmark.

Comparison of the costs of various power plants

Comparison of the costs of various power plants, reduced to 1 kW, was published infrequently in the technical literature. Such an article was published 20 years ago by E.M. Perminov and a few years ago a similar comparison was made by P.P. Armless. These are well-known specialists in non-traditional energy in Russia. Over the past decades, the cost of conventional CHP and nuclear power plants has increased, while the cost of solar and wind power plants has decreased significantly. Below is a cost comparison for thermal power plants.

Conclusion

In addition to Mosenergo, Moscow is designing and building new combined-cycle thermal power plants (Moskva-City and others, 160-200 MW), gas turbine power units (domestic power units of 6-10 MW and more) are installed at regional thermal power plants and boiler houses, t .e. boiler houses are converted into thermal power plants. New shopping malls around Moscow and in Moscow are getting their own "trigeneration" power plants (electricity + heat + cold) with a capacity of 4-6 MW each using foreign-made gas piston power units.

Questions are periodically raised about the construction of new waste processing plants and thermal power plants with waste incineration in Moscow, Ryazan and other cities. In previous years, several foreign-made wind farms were supplied on foreign grants on the coast near St. Petersburg and near Kaliningrad. But there are no joyful reports on solar power plants within Russia yet.

For the foreseeable future, conventional power generation based on gas-fired CHP plants in Russia will remain very profitable business, given that the cost of electricity and heat in a number of regions of Russia has approached world prices, and the cost natural gas so far five times lower than in Europe and will always be half the price for the foreseeable future (due to the difference in shipping costs).

You need to build your own CHP now, if there is gas. Otherwise, count the options. Graphs and tables are taken from the literature listed below. The remaining figures in the estimates are given from the author's memory from his own estimates and publications by Russian and foreign experts.

1. Don't ignore network costs. Michael Brown. Director of WADE and Editor of COSPP. Cogeneration & On-Site Power Production. July-August 2005.
2. Reforming District Heating in European Transition Economies. “Restructuring district heating in Europe’s transition economies”, COSPP, July-August 2005, Sabine Froning and Norela Constantinescu.
3. www.eia.doe.com

It is worth saying right away that generator electricity is more expensive than electricity from an external network. But electrical appliances have become so deeply embedded in our life that we cannot refuse comfort and convenience.

Another thing is if you plan to use the generator set on an ongoing basis. Electricity costs are simply necessary for business owners to avoid burnout. Sometimes it's cheaper to connect to central networks.

Let's say you have a generator with a rated power of 5.5 kW and a cost of 35 thousand rubles. Average term service is 5000 hours. Let's take the cost of a liter of fuel for 40 rubles. When calculating 1kWh, it is important to consider the load on the generator as it will affect the final value.

First of all, we take into account the cost of purchasing the generator itself - we divide its cost by hours. 35000/5000 = 7 rubles/hour.

Then calculate the cost of 1 kW at:

100% load: 2.5 l / hour * 40 rubles / 5.5 kW = 18.18 rubles. Taking into account the cost of the generator, the total the cost of kW / hour will be 18.18 + 7 = 25.18 rubles.

50% load: 1.8 l / h * 40 rubles / 2.75 kW = 26.18 rubles. Taking into account the cost of the generator, the total the cost of kW / hour will be 33.18 rubles.

At constant use maintenance costs should also be included in the cost item. Changing oil, filters, spark plugs, etc. So think annual expenses for generator maintenance and include them in the cost of kW.

Summarize

The cost of 1 kW of electricity generator set higher than from central networks. If the generator is planned to be used as an additional or backup source, you can not think about it.

This article is an example of the correct determination of the cost of electricity and the calculation of the payback of the object.
The specialists of our company in the shortest time will hold necessary calculations your his individual object with the issuance of a conclusion on the payback period, taking into account the features available at the facility.

In the process of calculating the payback of a mini-CHP, it is extremely important to take into account all the costs that the owner will bear during the operation of a gas piston power plant. Unfortunately, not all companies offering the construction of mini-CHPs provide future owners with complete and up-to-date information on the cost of further maintenance, sometimes simply not owning this information. When calculating the final cost of electricity produced, it is necessary to take into account not the theoretical prices at the manufacturer, but the real cost of spare parts, taking into account their transportation and customs clearance.

This calculation is based on the example of a Siemens SGE-56SM power plant, since the cost of servicing Siemens gas piston power plants is one of the lowest in Russia. This calculation therefore makes it possible to evaluate the "reference data" at the cost of maintenance. Other power plants of comparable capacity are likely to be more expensive to maintain, but may win in terms of equipment costs.

The following initial data were used in the calculation:

To determine the final cost of generated electricity, a methodology is used that includes the main cost groups. It is very important not to forget to include all the main categories of costs in order to determine the most complete final cost and further calculate the payback of mini-CHPs:

1. GAS COSTS

The gas consumption for the considered Siemens SGE-56SL/40 power plant with a capacity of 1001 kW is 276.7 Nm 3 per hour at 100% load. Thus, the costs are determined by the formula:

Fuel consumption of a given calorific value * gas cost per 1000 nm 3 with VAT / 1000 nm 3 / power = 276.7 * 6000 / 1000 / 1001 \u003d 1.66 rubles. per 1 kWh.

2. OIL COSTS

In a 1001kW Siemens SGE-56SL/40 gas piston power plant, an oil change should be carried out every 2500 hours, or less often, depending on operating conditions. The volume of oil to replace is 232 liters. For calculations, we use the most frequent replacement period - 2500 hours. If, during operation, the interval is increased, then this will only reduce the cost of electricity. Oil change costs are determined by the formula:

Volume of oil to be changed * cost of one liter / replacement frequency / power = 232*230 /2500/1001=0.021 rub. per 1 kWh.

3. COSTS FOR OIL DISSOLUTION

Each gas piston power plant during its operation is faced with the need to replenish the oil spent due to its waste in the combustion chamber of a gas engine. The estimated amount of oil for waste is 0.2 grams per generated kWh. The cost of oil waste is calculated by the formula:

The volume of oil for waste * the cost of one liter / 1000 grams in one liter = 0.2 * 230 / 1000 \u003d 0.046 rubles. per 1 kWh.

4. COSTS FOR SPARE PARTS INCLUDING MAJOR REPAIRS

To determine the total cost of spare parts, it is very important to consider all spare parts needed for the entire life cycle of a gas engine power plant, including overhaul. This approach is due to the fact that the estimated costs should ensure the uninterrupted operation of the power plant, both before and after the overhaul. Otherwise, it would be necessary to buy a new power plant after each major overhaul. The calculation takes into account the sum of all spare parts replaced during the entire life cycle including overhaul. For a 1001 kW Siemens power plant, the cost of all spare parts is 389,583 Euros, including VAT 20% and customs clearance. It should be noted that spare parts, as well as oil, can be changed less frequently under favorable operating conditions, which again will only reduce the cost of electricity produced.

The final cost of spare parts attributable to the cost of kW * h is determined by the formula:

Cost of spare parts in euro* euro exchange rate / resource before overhaul, hours / power = 389 583 Euro * 72 rubles. / 60,000 / 1001 = 0.467 rubles per 1 kWh. including the cost of major repairs (updating the power plant) every 60 thousand hours.

5. COSTS FOR SERVICES OF THE SERVICE ORGANIZATION PERFORMING ROUTINE SERVICE WORKS

When calculating the cost of service work, it must be remembered that for the calculation it is necessary to use the prices of only the organization that has official permission from the manufacturer to carry out these works. This will not only ensure that the hardware warranty is maintained, but will also confirm that the organization will be able to cope with future complex work and will not be limited to the sale of equipment and oil changes.

Separately, it is worth noting that you should not rely on the statements of some manufacturers promising to teach customer service personnel. As a rule, after the sale of equipment, personnel are trained only in changing oil, filters and spark plugs. All qualified work continues to be performed by third party personnel. This happens not only due to the fact that the work requires high qualifications, but also due to the fact that these works require expensive professional tool, the total cost of which can be several million rubles. Therefore, the purchase of such a tool can only be afforded by the company that maintains gas-piston power plants in large numbers, on an ongoing basis. At the same time, the implementation of the simplest service work by the customer's personnel does somewhat reduce the cost of the costs. However, the initial calculation should be carried out under the most difficult base conditions.

For the Siemens SGE-56SL/40 power plant under consideration, the total costs for service maintenance, including overhaul, amount to 73,557 Euros including VAT. The service component in the cost of electricity will be determined by the formula:

The amount of costs including overhaul * exchange rate / period until overhaul / capacity = 73,557 Euro * 72 rubles / 60,000 / 1001 = 0.088 rubles per 1 kWh.

6. PROPERTY TAX COSTS - 2.2% PER YEAR:

Let us determine the tax costs based on the average cost of building a Mini-CHP in the amount of 50 million rubles. for 1 MW on a turnkey basis. Costs are determined by the formula:

Construction cost * tax percentage / 100 percent / capacity / 8000 hours of work per year = 50,000,000 * 2.2 / 100 / 1025 / 8000 = 0.13 rubles per 1 kWh.

7. DEPRECIATION

The inclusion of depreciation charges means that during the operation of power plants, funds are amortized that can be spent on a complete renewal of the power unit after the end of its resource (3-4 overhauls, 240,000 - 300,000 hours). Costs are determined by the formula:

Construction cost / total resource / power = 50,000,000 / 240,000 / 1001 \u003d 0.21 rubles. per 1 kWh.

8. CORRECTION FOR RECOVERED HEAT:

In parallel with the production electrical energy each power plant with a capacity of 1001 kW produces heat energy in the amount of up to 1183 kW per hour. To produce the same amount of heat in a boiler house, it would be necessary to burn 130 nm 3 of gas with a calorific value of 33.5 MJ / nm 3, as already indicated earlier, gas is taken into account at a cost of 6000 rubles. with VAT per 1000 m3. Thus, due to the utilization of heat from a running engine, each power plant saves up to

130 * 6000 / 1000 / 1001 \u003d 0.779 rubles. per 1 kWh.

CALCULATION OF FINAL COST

The final cost consists of the sum of all costs for the production of electricity (gas, oil, service, work, taxes, depreciation) and savings due to heat recovery

• Excluding waste heat: 1.66 rubles. + 0.021 + 0.046 + 0.467 + 0.088 + 0.13 +0.21 = 2.622 rubles. per 1 kWh. with VAT 20%
• Taking into account the utilized heat: 1.66 rubles. + 0.021 + 0.046 + 0.467 + 0.088 + 0.13 +0.21 - 0.779 = 1.834 rubles. per 1 kWh. with VAT 20%

Payback period calculation

A) Mini-CHP as an alternative to the external network

In the event that the facility does not have a centralized power supply in in full it is necessary to calculate the payback period not for the entire mini-CHP, but for the difference between the cost of construction and the cost of organizing external power supply (connection, route, limits, etc.). At some facilities, the cost of connecting an external network may be even higher than the cost of building a mini-CHP. Due to this, the payback of the project comes immediately, upon the inclusion of a mini-CHP in operation. And with each generated kWh, the owner receives additional profit.

B) Mini-CHP as an addition to the external network

In the event that a complete external power supply is already organized at the facility and a mini-CHP is considered only as an measure to reduce electricity costs, it is necessary to compare the costs of generating and purchasing electricity.

With an average cost of buying electricity from networks in the amount of 3.5 rubles. with VAT per 1 kWh, the savings in the production of 1 kWh of electricity, taking into account the full utilization of heat, will be:

• The cost of electricity from networks - the cost of electricity produced = 6.0 - 1.834 \u003d 4.166 rubles. per 1 kWh.
• With a uniform full load of capacities per year, savings are made in the amount of:
• Savings per kWh * 8000 working hours per year * power = 4.166 * 8000 * 1001 \u003d 33.36 million rubles. in year

FINAL PAYBACK PERIOD

AT this moment, as noted above, average cost construction of a turnkey facility is an amount of 50 million rubles. for 1 MW on a turnkey basis, depending on the power and composition of the equipment used.

Thus, when fully loaded electrical capacities and heat recovery, the payback period of one mini-CHP can be calculated as Amount of construction / annual savings = 50 / 33.36 = 1.5 years.

As can be seen from the above calculations, greatest influence on the final payback period are the costs of Maintenance, oil and service work. Unfortunately, some manufacturers indicate in their catalogs not real maintenance data (which is carried out every 1200 - 2000 hours), but some theoretical maximums that are achievable only in ideal conditions operation. In a situation where the owner, having launched the power plant, is faced with a decrease in service intervals, the expected return on investment deteriorates sharply. Therefore, it is critical to clarify whether the proposed maintenance program specifies minimum intervals that can be extended, or theoretical limits that will be reduced. Our company has an extensive database of such offers that we can provide to customers who thoroughly choose equipment.

These prices are current as of the end of 2019 and may vary slightly at the current moment.

Thermal power plants with CCGT emit nitrogen oxides and other greenhouse gases, for which today you have to pay. Nuclear power plants emit almost no greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The radiation background near the nuclear power plant, determined mainly by radionuclides of krypton and xenon, is significantly lower than natural.

The main disadvantages of existing NPP projects are high specific capital investments and long construction time. However, to improve the efficiency of nuclear power plants, there are significant reserves, which include a reduction in material and labor intensity. design solutions main buildings and structures, reducing the duration of design, construction and installation and commissioning, optimization of mounting blocks of structures and equipment.

The cost of thermal power plants with CCGT is lower, construction can be carried out faster. However, in our opinion, this type of power generation has practically reached the limit of improvement. technical solutions and significant growth economic efficiency. An important negative factor is the lack of unloaded main gas pipelines.

To get gas at the cost given in the article, you must first equip the field, build a gas pipeline and gas distribution stations with all the infrastructure. According to JSC Gazprom, investments in the construction of the Ukhta-Torzhok-2 gas pipeline (970 km, 45 billion m³/year) are estimated at 217 billion rubles. in 2010 prices. Taking into account the annual inflation of 8% in the prices of the end of 2015, this will amount to about 320 billion rubles. Then, according to our estimates, for the construction of the main gas pipeline from Bovanenkovo ​​to the gas distribution station in Yaroslavl region and further, each TPP site will require about 900 billion rubles. At the same time, the total investment in the construction of thermal generation and the gas pipeline system will exceed 1,800 billion rubles.

The issue of choosing a replacement option for power generation to replace nuclear power plants that are being decommissioned remains debatable, requiring comprehensive feasibility studies.

In conclusion, here are excerpts from the Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030.
the main problems of the fuel and energy complex include the high dependence of the enterprises of the complex on imported technologies and equipment;
reduction in the share of gas from 70% to 60-62% by the end of the third stage of the implementation of the energy strategy;
nuclear power has the ability to reproduce its own fuel base;
Energy security is one of the most important components of the country's national security.

List of sources used:
LCOE assessment: NPPs are still in the game // Atomny expert, 2015 (based on foreign press materials). http://www.rosatom.ru/journalist/interview/ http://kartaplus.ru/topografiya17 Wholesale prices for gas produced by OAO Gazprom and its affiliates and sold to consumers Russian Federation based on the order of the FTS of Russia dated 08.06.2015 No. 218-e/3// www. gazprom.ru/f/posts/98/377922/2015–06–30-ceny-krome-naselenia.pdf. http://www.gazprom.ru/about/marketing/ russia/ Carbon pollution tariffs are in progress, 11/30/2015// www.worldbank. org/ru/news/feature/2015/11/30/carbon-pricing-its-on-the-move O. Mordyushenko. “Gazprom evaluated the South Stream alternative”, 11/23/2015 // www.kommersant.ru/doc/2860482. The Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030. Approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 13.11. 2009 1715-r.

This publication from the “We are asked” series is devoted to the issue of assessing the feasibility of investing in own generation.

In our practice, following the requests of our clients, we have developed two approaches in considering this issue. The first one boils down to calculating the cost of one kW of electricity produced. The second is to assess the energy balance of an enterprise when a new element is introduced into it - a gas piston power plant.

In this article, we will focus on the first option for assessing the feasibility of investing in our own generation and a gas-piston thermal power plant.

Below is the subject of the payback calculation. Let's consider the order of its compilation in more detail.

The maximum theoretical load of a mini-CHP cannot be 100%. There are stops for scheduled maintenance. Stops due to failures are also possible. That's why maximum amount engine hours per year are limited to 8400 hours (96%).

For each gas piston engine, the manufacturer in the technical data indicates its parameters at 100%, 75% and 50% of the rated power. Depending on the load, the electrical efficiency changes gas generating plant. The lower the load, the relatively more heat and less electricity is produced. We recommend that the calculation be carried out for all three values, this will give you the opportunity to get more realistic results.

At first " technical block» constants are entered. For example, at 100% capacity, our gas piston power plant will produce 1125 kW of electrical energy and 1.09 Gcal of heat, while consuming 267 m³ of gas per hour.

In the next block, we determine the cost of servicing our gas piston unit. To do this, we add up the costs of scheduled maintenance services, expendable materials, replacement oil, waste oil, antifreeze. The resulting amount is divided by the operating time of the engine before the overhaul. For MWM engines, this is 64,000 hours. In our example, the cost of maintenance per hour is 971.00 rubles.

In the economic block, we enter the cost of gas in order to calculate the cost of gas consumption by a gas piston power plant. The cost of purchased electricity to evaluate the effect of own generation of electricity. Similarly, the cost of produced gcal of heat to assess the contribution from own cogeneration.

In our example, we also assume that the consumer does not need heat all year round, but only during heating period(40%). Of course, the optimal case is when an enterprise needs thermal energy for technological needs. all year round, and we can fully utilize all the heat produced by the mini-CHP.

Knowing how much electricity and heat we produce per year, as well as how much it would cost us to purchase them, as a result, we come to the total cost of replacing energy per year. This is our income. In our example, for 100% load, it will be 38,406,413.00 rubles.