soft sign, probably the most mysterious letter in the Russian language. It does not denote a sound, it is not classified as a vowel / consonant. Why is she needed then? It turns out that her role in our writing great. In this article, we will figure out when “b” is used after hissing with nouns, adverbs and verbs.
Nouns. Soft sign after hissing consonants
The exact spelling of the soft sign after these consonants is the most difficult, since it is not clear by ear whether it should be written or not.
It turns out that the rule is very simple: a soft sign after hissing in it. noun written only in the words of women. gender belonging to the 3rd declension.
The words “oven”, “speech”, “daughter”, “night”, “game” are feminine, have the nominative case and are in the singular. Therefore, we must certainly write “b” in them.
But be careful: they should not be confused with the words of the 1st declension, which are in oblique cases: “many clouds”, “no tasks”, “several heaps”. All these words seem to female, and probably should be attributed to the 3rd declension.
But let's take a closer look: they are in the genitive case. If we raise them to the initial form (“cloud”, “task”, “heap”), then we will make sure that they belong to the first declension, which means that they do not obey this rule.
There is another "trap" in Russian, where in no case do they use a soft sign after hissing ones. Words ending in a hissing consonant, but related to the second declension, are not written with "b" ("rook", "doctor", "cloak" - 2nd declension). Therefore, be more careful when asking the question to the noun. Do this before determining the declension, since the gender depends on it. noun, and number.
When do we write "b" in adverbs?
An adverb is one of the invariable parts of speech. It is not declined, there are no endings in it. Spelling "b" in adverbs lends itself to not at all difficult rules.
- In those adverbs that end in the consonant "sh" or "ch", a soft sign is always written. For example: "jump", "exactly".
In adverbs for "zh", it is never written. The exception would be the word "wide".
- Another rule that the adverb obeys: a soft sign after hissing is always used, with the exception of “already”, “married”, “unbearable”. Undoubtedly, such a comic sentence is easily remembered by schoolchildren, especially girls.
It is not so important which rule you remember, the main thing is that both reflect the essence of the spelling of adverbs.
Verb and soft sign after sibilants
The verb is one of the most used parts of speech, without which our language would be very poor. Spelling "b" with verbs causes a lot of difficulties not only for students, but also for adults.
- If the verb in the indefinite form (infinitive) ends in sibilant, then "ь" in this case will always be written. And here without any exceptions. "Protect", "bake", "burn". It will also be preserved in a returnable form, before the postfix “-sya”: “get carried away”, “ignite”, “beware”.
- All 2nd person singular verbs use a soft sign. This applies both to the present: (“you are now”) “writing”, “drawing”, “walking”, “sleeping”, and to the future: (“you are tomorrow”) “work”, “think”, “finish ”, “remake”. The soft sign will be preserved before the “-sya” postfix: “you will like it”, “you will use it”, “you will touch it”, “you will type it”, “you will take shape”. In verbs that are in imperative mood and end in a hissing consonant, they always write a soft sign: “cut off”, “eat”, “spread”, “hide”. Before the plural postfix "-te", it must be preserved: "mark", "cut", "hide".
Before the postfix “-sya”, it also does not disappear: “comfort yourself”, “do not cut yourself”.
And again, be careful and do not fall into the "trap" of the insidious Russian language! The words "cry" and "cry" are completely different parts of speech, and therefore are spelled differently.
“Crying” without a soft sign is a noun of the 2nd declension, and, accordingly, a soft sign cannot be written in it. But “cry” with a soft sign is a verb of the imperative mood, and, as you know, we always write “b” in them. All this is easily guessed by the proposed context, in which the meaning of the word will become clear.
Conclusion
A soft sign after hissing is used with many parts of speech. Knowing simple rules, you will never have trouble spelling it after those consonants. If suddenly you forget some of the nuances, then our article will remind you of them.
Russian language lesson
Equipment:
Support schemes, posters “It is not enough to be able to write, you must be able to think”, “ good speech well and listen", sheets with text for group work,cards with tasks of different levels,fairy tale "Journey b", phonogram. Computer support of the lesson.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
Teacher. Guys, I want to start today's lesson with these words ...
Read! How do you understand these words?
Students. We will write without errors, and for this you need to know the rules, be able to apply them, and be attentive.II. Motivation.
Teacher. Today we will make an amazing journey to the “Land of Nouns”, learn about the adventures of one letter and its meeting with different words. This lesson should help you climb one more level of literacy.
III. Updating previously acquired knowledge.
Teacher. And we begin the journey along unusual paths. Open your notebooks, write down the date and type of work.
Teacher. Name the letters to be written. What can you say about them?
Students. They denote hissing sounds [g], [w] - hard, [h,], [u,] - soft.
Teacher. Choose from the proposed options the one you like best and write it down in your notebook. So let's hit the road! To whom is it more convenient: “along the path” or “over the bumps”?
Teacher. The path was paved for us by hissing, but among the letters of the Russian alphabet there is one special letter. Scientists call it a letter - an assistant. What is this letter? Can't you guess?
Students. Soft sign.
Teacher. What can you say about the soft sign?
Students: b - does not indicate a sound; (examples: day - [d, en,])
b - indicates the softness of the preceding consonant in writing; (examples: salt)
b - separates the consonant and vowel so that they do not merge; (examples: blizzard)
IV. Working on new material.
Journey to the "Land of Nouns" (Reading a fairy tale by a teacher against the background of music is accompanied by strips with words, children read the words in strips in chorus.)
Story.
– The soft sign went on a journey and we went with it.
Suddenly he found himself in a mysterious forest. There he saw
Standing at the entrance Hello! Who lives here? asked the Soft sign.– We, nouns with hissing at the end:
- And who are you? the watchman asked.– I am the Soft Sign! Let's be friends!
– Not! In no case! They all shouted in unison. The watchman even raised
Leave! We won't be friends with you! After all, then the guys will get deuces! - the rook was indignant and waved its wings.The soft sign was offended, wept and walked away. He went out to the field where
What are you crying about? she asked.A soft sign told his sadness.
– Don't worry, I'll be your friend!
– And I, - squeaked from the mink
And mine The soft sign was delighted and did not notice how I, too, will be friends with you, - the night whispered softly.The mouse intervened.
- Let me remember
such soft sign - we are a true friend.Teacher. Guys, have you guessed yet why some words drove L away, while others called him a friend? (Answers are children's guesses.)
Teacher. What do these words have in common?
Students. These are nouns, they end in hissing.
Teacher. What is the secret here?
Students. Nouns are pronounced the same.
Teacher. What two groups were they divided into? Slide number 1 (words from a fairy tale in 2 columns: f.r. m.r.)
Students. For feminine and masculine nouns.
Teacher. Girls, read the feminine nouns (b appears on the slide), boys, read the masculine nouns. So what is this "secret"? Make a conclusion when a soft sign is written?
Students. The nouns have R. b is written after hissing, and for nouns, m. after hissing b is not written.
Teacher. Let's reveal the "secret". Is our assumption correct?
Students. Yes, that's right.
Teacher. Check yourself in the textbook. (Reading rule p.170).
V. Consolidation.
1. Collective work with the text.
Teacher. I went further and got to the circus and met the guys there (the support opens), looking at whom, you will remember the rule of our lesson: - Who will explain how the support will work? (For female nouns, b is written after sizzling, and for m. nouns, b is not written after sizzling.)
And we will try to guess which of the trainers will make friends with b? Find exercise 450. Write nouns in 2 columns - by gender: (beam, speech, watchman, key, cloak, mouse, help, comrade, baby, rye, night, thing)
On a chain at the blackboard, everything is in a notebook.
2. Physical education minute.Let's look for words from the topic of the lesson. Maybe they rolled under the chair on the left (leaning to the left ), maybe under the desk on the right (tilts to the right )? Maybe the guests on the left saw, maybe the guests on the right (turns )?
3. Work in groups.
(Each group is given deformed text; clue words are dispersed throughout the class: rye ?, mouse ?, crying ?, owl ?, night ?, quiet ?, reed ?.) - (met. Bazarny)
Teacher. Insert the appropriate nouns into these sentences. You will find them in the information field.
Text.
The road went through... Here she ran... I heard in the grove .... This… started the song. Here is the river. Came ... and the fishing began. Standing around... ... whispered with the river. (1 student from each group reads out the answer)
4. Words are riddles.
Teacher. Write down the clues. Denoting the genus of nouns. (2 students at the board).
– A person who plays the violin (violinist m. r.)
– The first bird that comes to us in spring (rook m. r.)
– Small child(baby m. r.)
– Soup with beets and other vegetables (borscht m. r.)
– It can be a door, violin, wrench, and even a spring (key m. R.)
– The ability to speak. It is oral and written.
(speech female)
(Mutual check) Bottom line: - Raise your hand, who wrote on "5", on "4"?
4. Creative independent work.
Teacher. Read the proverb. How do you understand this proverb?
Students. Read the sentences. (A set of proposals opens, slide No. 2).My friend(?) and I went fishing.
The guys went to the forest.
The road to the river went through the mug(?).
Screams and laughter broke the forest silence(?).
Here is the river.
Animals and birds were afraid.
We threw in our rods.
Hedgehog(?) rustles on dry leaves.
Teacher. Can these sentences be called text? Why?Students. It is impossible, since in the text the sentences are connected in meaning and united by one topic.
Teacher. Option 1 - write out sentences on the topic “Fishing”.
Option 2 - write out sentences on the topic “In the forest”.
Distribute these offers to right order. Make up 2-3 sentences using the words below to make a text.
Outcome: - Now let's read what the texts turned out to be. What are the words with hissing at the end in which you wrote ь?
5. Control of acquired knowledge.
Teacher. To check how you learned the secret of the lesson: "Writing b", we will work on cards, each of which has 3 tasks. Whoever completes one task will receive a grade of "3", two tasks - "4", three tasks - "5".
1 task
Insert where you need a soft sign:
Hut .., help .., speech .., key .., daughter .., lily of the valley ...
2 task
Cross out superfluous word:
Doctor?, mug?, quiet?, speech?, deaf?, youth?.
3 task
Match adjectives with appropriate nouns with pinching at the end:
Prickly.., hot…. , rubber ... , flying .... , dark ....,
solar….
VI. Summary of the lesson. Reflection
Teacher. This is where our journey ended. What new did you learn about feminine and masculine nouns with hissing at the end?
– What did you like most about the lesson?
What can you praise yourself for?
- You have stripes of red, blue, green flowers. Which of you believes that he worked for “excellent” - show a red stripe, who worked for “good” - show a green stripe, and who thinks that he worked not in in full then show the blue bar.
VII. Homework to choose from.
Exercise 454
Write a mini-essay on the topic "My friend",
using nouns with hissing at the end.
Sometimes we think about whether it is necessary to put a soft sign after hissing ones. We will lay down the rules for you when it should not be done and when it is strictly necessary to do it.
These rules are based on what part of speech is being discussed, in what declension and in what part of the word.
Soft sign after hissing - setting rule
We put a soft sign:
Example words: night, gap, daughter, lie, thing, baldness.
Example in a sentence: The queen gave birth on the night of either a son or a daughter.
2. In verbs of the second person in the singular, subject to the present or future tense at the endings after the sibilants.
Example in a word: you will, you will become, you cook, you remember, you believe, you will do.
Examples in sentences: If you know, if you believe, then you will be with me and will not soon stop loving.
– sya, the soft sign is preserved. Example: returning, straining, intending.
3. In verbs singular in the imperative mood in the endings after hissing.
Example in a word: Cut! Eat! Hide!
Addition: If the ending is added to these verbs – sya, the soft sign is preserved. Hide! Don't fool around!
Examples in sentences: Vadik, don't be foolish and don't hide!
4. In verbs that are in plural and imperative before endings - those, - those.
Example: smear - smear - smear.
Example in a sentence: Children! Do not Cry!
5. In verbs of an indefinite person, including before the ending -sya.
Example words: oven - bake, lie down - lie down.
Example in a sentence: These rivers take a long time to flow.
6. In adverbs, it is necessary to enter a soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word.
Example: Entirely, jump, backhand, wide open.
Example in a sentence: He started the horse at a gallop, and hacked at the air with his sword.
Exceptions: Oh, unbearable, married.
7. In particles with hissing endings: I mean, you see, you only.
Example words: that is, only.
In a sentence: Look what a bully!
Why sometimes a soft sign is not written after hissing ones?
Example: rook, kalach, stag, bream, knife.
Offer: A swift flew up to our window.
2. In nouns that are in the plural and genitive case.
Example: clouds, steep, shoulders, Grish, between, puddles.
Suggestion example: Unfortunately, no pears were served for breakfast today.
Example: powerful, hot, good, flying, melodious, comely.
Offer: He was good-natured and good-looking...
4. In pronouns with hissing at the end.
Given the above, the spelling of a soft sign after hissing differs depending on many factors - part of speech, declension, number, as well as the presence of exceptions to the rules.
Elementary teachers give their students rhyming versions of the rules - for easier memorization.
When to write "b" after sibilants in nouns, verbs, adverbs and particles
In Russian orthography, there are several cases when a soft sign is written after hissing consonants "g", "w", "h", "u" in nouns, verbs, adverbs and particles. Let's consider them in detail.
b after sibilants in nouns
After hissing consonants "b" written not to soften them. After all, consonants "u", "h" do not need this, being unpaired soft consonants. And the consonants "g", "sh", on the other hand, are always solid. This means that the soft sign that is written after the hissing consonants is a morphological sign, that is, a marker for designating nouns feminine of the third declension, for example:
Exception words: already, married, unbearable.
At the end of particles
At the end particles "shish", "bish", "wish", "only" also write a soft sign.
Look how smart you are!
Only the stars looked into the sleepy pond.
russkiiyazyk.ru
b after hissing in verbs, at the end of nouns and adverbs!
In the article, we will analyze in detail when written ь after hissing in the verb, nouns and adverbs. We will also show by clear examples typical mistakes writing soft sign after hissing.
There are only 4 hissing letters in the Russian language. These are the letters Щ, Ж, Ш and Ш. The main cases concerning the spelling of b after hissing are the writing of a soft sign after hissing in the verb, at the end of nouns and adverbs. Let's analyze each case separately.
When is b written after hissing in a verb?
“We ALWAYS write a soft sign after hissing in verbs!”
In textbooks, most often they list that “b” is written if the verb is in the infinitive (answers the question what to do? Or what to do?), in the second person singular (combined with the pronoun you) or in the imperative mood (there is an indication to action).
It is not necessary to memorize all this, since in all other forms, hissing at the end is not found.
Let's look at examples.
Infinitives: attract, burn, lie down.
Second person, singular: write, love, breathe.
Imperative form: cut, spread, eat!
By the way, a soft sign can stand not only at the end of verbs. When adding -sya and -te after hissing letter"b" is retained. For example: cut, smear, fall in love.
The most common mistake with a soft sign in verbs is writing it between -t and -sya in different persons. If we write " to shave"(what to do? with a soft sign), then" shaves” (what does?) we write without b. The rule is simple: If the question is with “b” at the end, then we also write a soft sign between -t and -sya.”Remember that the letter T does not belong to hissing ones, so this rule is not entirely on the topic of the article.
We have looked at verbs. Let's move on to nouns!
Soft sign after hissing at the end of nouns
The rule is pretty simple:
“L after nouns hissing at the end is written ONLY if the noun is feminine singular!”
In all other cases b is NOT written after the hissing nouns at the end.
Let's look at examples.
With a soft sign after hissing:
Rye, night, lie, thing, daughter.
“The queen gave birth in the night to either a son or a daughter.” A.S. Pushkin.
The feminine singular can be determined by substituting the pronoun "my".
My daughter, my lie, my whim.
Without soft sign:
A doctor, a knife, a lot of clouds, a lot of pears, a brick, a kalach, a pug, Alexander Sergeevich.
As we can see, the soft sign is not written after singular masculine nouns, in plural nouns, at the end male patronymics.
It is easier to remember when a soft sign in nouns is written than when it is not written 🙂.
Soft sign after adverbs hissing at the end
Here, too, everything is quite simple:
“L after adverbs hissing at the end is ALWAYS written, with the exception of adverbs: already, married, unbearable.”
Examples: away, completely, backhand, only, jump, wide open, backwards, exactly the same.
It is very important to understand what an adverb is, because common mistake: writing a soft sign after sibilants in short adjectives.
Good, handsome, hot, powerful, smelly, etc. are written no soft sign.
How to distinguish a short adjective from an adverb?
The adverb answers the questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? …and most often: How?
The adverb denotes a sign of action, that is, to refer to the verb. Gone away. Refused outright. Repeated exactly.
A short adjective answers the question: What? And denotes the attribute of the subject. That is, refer to the noun. The house is good. The shower is hot. Wind, wind, you are mighty ...
In addition to verbs, nouns, adverbs and short adjectives b after sibilants is found in particles and pronouns. In them, most people write a soft sign intuitively correctly and remembering these cases, in our opinion, is not so important.
However, for reference:
In particles with hissing endings, a soft sign is always WRITTEN. These are particles: ouch, only, I mean, ouch.
Examples of using particles in sentences:
That is, it is. Look what you found. It's just thunder.
There are only two pronouns: OUR and YOUR. In them SOFT SIGN IS NOT WRITTEN.
Here, in fact, are all the main cases of using b after hissing.
To consolidate, we also bring to your attention a scheme that combines all of the above on writing a soft sign after hissing. 
If you have any questions about when it is written ь after hissing in nouns, verbs, adverbs or other parts of speech, be sure to write them in the comments.
ABC truths
Interactive dictation
Literacy Tutorial: Punctuation
Names and titles. Interactive simulator
useful links
Summer Reading
Memoirs
Language Quotes
Tongue Twisters
Proverbs and sayings
LITERATURE textbook: spelling
Select correct options answers. To check the completed task, click the "Check" button.
Spelling soft sign at the end of words after hissing
In Russian, at the end of words, sibilants (Ж, Ш, Ш and Ш) are possible in six parts of speech:
in nouns (NIGHT, WATCHMAN, MANY TASKS),
in adjectives (HOT),
in verbs (WRITE),
in adverbs (FAST),
pronouns (OUR),
particles (ONLY).
Each of these parts of speech for the use of a soft sign has its own special rule.
1. If we have a noun in front of us, then a soft sign after hissing is placed only when the word belongs to the III declension (NIGHT). Nouns I and II declensions with a hissing at the end are written without a soft sign (MANY CLOUDS, BRICK). Do not forget that patronymics and surnames ending in -IC are nouns of the second declension and are written without a soft sign. For example: SERGEEVICH, RURIKOVICH, VOINOVICH.
2. If the word answers the question WHAT? and is a short adjective, then after the hissing at the end a soft sign is not needed (HOT, POWERFUL).
3. Verbs with a hissing at the end are always written with a soft sign. For example: LOOK or LOOK (in the form of the second person singular of the present or future tense), CUT (in the imperative mood), BURN (in an indefinite form). Please note that in verbs a soft sign may appear after the hissing and not at the very end of the word, but before the postfixes -СЯ or -ТЕ, for example: BATH, HIDE.
4. At the end of adverbs, after hissing, a soft sign is always written (PUSH, JUMP, AWAY), except for exceptions: UZH, MARRIED, UNBELIEVABLE.
5. Pronouns with hissing at the end are written without a soft sign, for example: OUR, YOUR.
6. Always with a soft sign, particles are written SHOW, ONLY, BESH.
An exercise
We already knew this and did not prevent him from managing in his own way; but between us was an officer who had recently been transferred to us. (“Shot”, A. S. Pushkin)
A skein of silk and thread hung around Petrovich's neck, and on his knees was some kind of veto sh_. (“Overcoat”, N. V. Gogol)
This is what h_-v-th_ how at first they took away and suspected these, how b sh_ them. Koch and Pestryakova. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Finally, the poor fellow, in a way, unbearable, decided to climb through by storm at all costs, you understand. (“Dead Souls”, N. V. Gogol)
This expression said that she had decided, without complaining, to endure her misfortune, and that her husband had a cross sent to her from God. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
The sun was just beginning to rise because of that h_; the air was fresh and dewy. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
And how do you think sh_, what and who - what insignificance can be the cause of people's misfortune! (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
He knew that this story contributed to the glorification of our weapons, and therefore it was necessary to pretend that he did not doubt it. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
As soon as he began to say something that did not satisfy the purpose of the accusation, they took the groove, and the water could go wherever it wanted. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
They say that his mother was very pretty, and it seems strange to me why she married so unfortunately, for such an insignificant person. (“Poor people”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
I told him. Do not cry for me: I will try to be both courageous and honest all my life, even though I am a murderer. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
The whole battle consisted only in what the Cossacks of Orlov-Denisov did; the rest of Li sh_'s troops lost several hundred people in vain. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
It will fall on its own when it is ripe, but pick it up green, spoil the apple and the tree, and set it on edge itself. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
In a nutshell, Nikolai bought for six thousand hours seventeen stallions to select (as he said) for the casual end of his repair. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
On the other side of the fence the old man was whittling a hoop and did not see Levin. (“Anna Karenina”, L. N. Tolstoy)
Except for falsehood and lies, nothing could come out now; and false sh_ and lo j_ were contrary to his nature. (“Anna Karenina”, L. N. Tolstoy)
No one has declared war, but people sympathize with the suffering of their neighbors and wish to help them,” said Sergei Ivanovich. (“Anna Karenina”, L. N. Tolstoy)
And now in Moscow, where every meeting is in her heart, she lives for six months, every day waiting for a decision. (“Anna Karenina”, L. N. Tolstoy)
But the hour came - the mother blessed her until the hour and wished her a meek sleep, but this time her wish was not fulfilled; Liza slept very poorly. (" Poor Lisa”, N. M. Karamzin)
But sometimes - although very rarely - a golden ray of hope, a ray of consolation illuminated the darkness of her grief. (“Poor Liza”, N. M. Karamzin)
And there is one key, there are more than all of them, three times, with a notched beard, of course, not from a chest of drawers. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Don’t worry, I won’t give it to you, ”Usa said decisively and went after them. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
But as I leave, I dare say that in the future I hope to be spared such meetings and, so to speak, compromises. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
The weeping of poor, consumptive, orphan Katerina Ivanovna seemed to produce a strong effect on the public. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Her pale yellow, withered face tossed backwards, her mouth opened, her legs stretched convulsively. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Dee h_! yelled Luzhin, enraged to the point of rage. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Marfa Terentyevna did not let up, but more and more pestered the mayor: take Bonaparte out of the way, then in the end he was exhausted. (“History of a City”, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
Whatever fires out of a gun, it will shoot through the heart, whatever it waves with a saber, then the head is off the shoulder. (“History of a City”, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
Repeatedly made campaigns against the short-earners and was so eager to ripen sch_ that no one without himself
did not trust. (“History of a City”, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
"Enough! he said resolutely and solemnly, “about mirages, about feigned fears, about ghosts. "("Crime and Punishment", F. M. Dostoevsky)
It was thought that the sky would collapse, the earth would open up underfoot, that death would fly in from somewhere and swallow everything, all at once. (“History of a City”, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
He bargained with them for a long time, asking for altyn and money for the search, but the bunglers gave a grosh and their bellies in addition. (“History of a City”, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
The exercise was prepared by N. Solovieva and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).
Soft sign at the end of nouns after hissing
This video tutorial is available by subscription
Do you already have a subscription? To come in
In this lesson, you will learn the rule for spelling a soft sign at the end of nouns in the initial form after the sibilant letters. Remember what kind of work a soft sign does. You can practice using a soft sign
In ancient times, some nouns had a b at the end after the hissing letters, while other nouns ended in b. Then b disappeared, and b remained.
In the lesson, you will learn which nouns have a soft sign at the end after the hissing letters.
We observe nouns with hissing letters at the end:
Grandpa had a wonderful pencil. He could draw a moonlit night and Sunbeam, golden rye and delicate white lily of the valley. A wonderful thing!(According to M. Ilyin)
The nouns from these sentences were written in two columns. What do the words in each column have in common?
These are nouns in the initial form (form I.p., singular), ending in the letters of hissing [h ', sh, sh'].
What makes them different from the words in the other column?
In the first column of the word female, and in the second - male.
Let's find out what kind of work b does after the letters of hissing consonants at the end of nouns in the initial form:
In Russian, b often does not mean the softness of consonants at all. Sometimes he just indicates the form of the word.
This work is done by b at the end of nouns in the initial form after the letters of hissing consonants. He reports: This is a feminine noun.
After the letters of nouns hissing at the end, ь is written only in feminine words. In masculine words, b is not written.
[h ', u ', w] 
Nouns in the initial form with hissing at the end always have an orthogram, because we choose whether to write b or not.
Let's discuss how to proceed:
How to act?
1. When you hear a hiss at the end of a word, recognize the part of speech.
2. If this is a noun in the initial form, determine the gender
3. If the word is feminine - b is written, masculine - b is not written.
If you don't know the gender of a noun, consult a dictionary.
hoop? - he, m.r., b is not written - hoop
bream? - he, m.r., b is not written - le
help? - she, female, at the end b - help
comrade? - he, m.r., b is not written - comrades
trifle? - she, female, at the end b - melo
bitter? - she, female, at the end of b - grief
Bream is freshwater fish with a flat body.
We determine which words are written in the form of transcription:
What words are transcribed?
What spelling do you know at the end of words?
[dro w] [str'i w] [bro w] [pl'a w] [rόskash]
Spelling paired for deafness-voiced consonant.
[dro w] - drot, dro, she, f.r.
[str'i sh] - no stri, stri, he, m.r.
[bro w] - brochka, bro, she, f.r.
[pl’a w] - no beach, beach, he, m.r.
[rόskash] - (what?) luxurious, rόsko - she, zh.r., at the end b,
o - the letter of an unstressed vowel, w - the letter of a double consonant
We find words with spelling in poetic lines:
Determine which words have the spelling b after the letters hissing in nouns.
The old rook fell asleep in the nest.
His rook is sleeping...
You listen, as everywhere
Good and quiet.(E. Serova)
Who harms the trees?
Sharpens the tree bark beetle.
Heard the trees crying
He arrived at dawn
And tapped on the bark.(A. Chasovnikov)
pla - he, m.r., b is not written
vra - he, m.r., b is not written
I again dreamed of wilds,
The wilderness of deserts, the sunset is quiet.
Yellow lion sneaks up to zebra
Through grass and reeds.(V. Bryusov)
Russian speech is like music to me:
In it the word sounds, sings,
It breathes the Russian soul
Its creator, the people. (N. Brown)
glu - she, female, at the end b
ti - she, female, at the end b
kamy - he, m.r., b is not written
re - she, female, at the end b
In what fairy-tale words should a soft sign be placed after the hissing letter?
In what fairy tale words is it necessary (according to the rules of Russian spelling) to put a soft sign after the hissing letter?
Pyashlya kuzh ... Stormy poupolosh ... Meowing duch ...
Pyashlyaya (what?) kuzh (she, female, at the end of b).
Stormy (what?) poupolosh (he, m.r., b is not spelled).
Meow (what?) Duch (she, female, at the end of b).
We learn words by interpreting their meanings:
1. A person playing the violin - ...
2. Unsettled, uncultivated piece of land - ...
3. Influence, respect enjoyed by someone or something - ...
4. Thick opaque watercolor paint - ...
5. The number of published copies of a book, newspaper or magazine - ...
6. An old copper coin in half a penny - ...
1. violinist (he, m.r.)
2. empty (she, female)
3. presti (he, m.r.)
4. gua (she, female)
5. tira (he, m.r.)
6. gro (he, m.r.)
Zdorovyak - [crepes w], crepes, the letter of the double consonant w,
strong man, he, m.r., without b.
Strength - [mo sch '], mo-one, female, at the end b.
Young people - [young w], no young, the letter of the double consonant w,
young - she, female, at the end of b.
The call is [kli h'], he, m.r., kli, without b.
Nonsense, stupidity - [chu w], no chu, the letter of the double consonant sh,
chu - she, female, at the end b.
Spring - [key h ’], he, m.r., key, without b.
We solve spelling problems:
Remember the fairy tales of A. Pushkin and add nouns with letters of hissing consonants at the end.
You, ..., my savior, my mighty deliverer.
And the bridegroom was found by her, ... Elisha.
My golden cockerel will be true ... yours.
A fairy tale ... yes, there is a hint in it!
You, kings [h '], my savior, my mighty deliverer.
And the bridegroom was found by her, Queen [h’] Elisha.
My golden cockerel will be faithful to you.
Fairy tale lo [sh], but there is a hint in it!
kings - he, m.r., b is not written
queens - m.r., b is not written
side - m.r., b is not written, there is no side, the letter of the double consonant j
lo - she, female, at the end b, no l, the letter of the double consonant j
Guess the riddles and write the answers correctly.
Glad even for a bread crumb,
Because before dark
She hides in a burrow.
2. He eats firewood in winter and sleeps in summer.
We - she, f.r., at the end of b
Pe - she, female, at the end b
An interesting spelling task, how to write a word, with b or without?
Let's look at the dictionary.
Touch - a short solemn musical greeting.
Tu - he, m.r., b is not written.
Mascara - resistant paint for drawing, drawing, writing, cosmetic paint (mascara).
Tu - she, zh.r, at the end b.
Let's remember what kind of work a soft sign does:
Solve spelling problems. Write words with b in three columns:
denotes softness, helps to designate the sound [th '], indicates the form.
Beyond the river is the forest. Does it contain game?
Look into the syn? its lakes, cross the top?, bypass the sharp branches? How do the nightingales sing?
Build a hut ?, make a fire ?, fire? bread on rods? Listen to how sleepy trees creak, how an owl flies to hunt?
Di - she, female, at the end b, indicates the form of the word.
Sin - b denotes the softness of the consonant.
Swamp - b denotes the softness of the consonant.
Su - helps to designate the sound [th ']. Solo - helps to designate the sound [th ']. Shala - he, m.r., b is not written.
Fire - b denotes the softness of the consonant.
Fire - b denotes the softness of the consonant.
On pruh - helps to designate the sound [th ']. Dere - helps to designate the sound [th ']. Sy - he, m.r., b is not written.
The owl is a nocturnal bird of the owl order.
denotes softness helps to denote the sound [y’] indicates the form
blue bitch game
fire on the bars
Conclusion:
In the lesson, you learned that nouns in the initial form with hissing at the end always have a spelling, because we choose whether to write b or not.
After letters hissing at the end of nouns, b is written only in feminine words. In masculine words, b is not written.
Bibliography
Homework
Read the riddle. Write down the answer. Prove the correct spelling of words with hissing letters at the end.
The river grows reeds.
The baby lives in the reeds.
He has green skin
And with a green face. (P. Sinyavsky)
Midnight?, thing?, cloak?, help?, knife?, floor?, dry?, ruff?
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE, Grade 5
TOPIC: Spelling b in verb forms after sibilants.
GOAL:formation of knowledge about spelling b in verb forms
Repeat the spelling of words with a hiss at the end;
Develop critical thinking;
To educate morality on the basis of oral folk art.
TASKS:teach writing ь after hissing in verbs; to systematize students' knowledge of spelling b after hissing in words different parts speech; develop spelling vigilance, mental activity of students, communication skills; to cultivate a culture of educational work, to instill interest, love for the native language.
EQUIPMENT:textbooks, notebooks, presentation, cards for work.
LESSON TYPE: combined.
METHODS:reproductive, information-developing, partially exploratory, conversation.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT. We smiled at each other, mentally wished success to ourselves and our comrades.
The long-awaited call is given -
The lesson starts.
Sounds with letters came
To put things in order.
Attention girls!
Attention boys!
Get your hands ready
Stretch your fingers. slide 1
Open notebooks, write down the number of class work.
2. MAIN PART.
Tell us, what do we know about spelling ь after words hissing at the end?
b
friendly not friendly
noun 3 fold. 1. Exist. m.r.
2. Exist. zh.r. pl. h.r.p.
3. Briefly. adj.
– What part of speech is not included in the table?(Verb)
- Define the topic of the lesson, how does it sound?(Soft sign after hissing in verbs.)
Learning new material
– In order to answer the question: is it written after verbs hissing at the end, let's think!
- Read the sentences carefully. Are these just suggestions or something else?(Proverbs)
- They contain folk wisdom!
Determine what part of speech the underlined words are, in what forms they stand.
If you chase two hares, you won't catch one.
You can't bake a cake without dough.
It is important to take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.
Measure seven times, cut once.
(Verbs in n.f., in 2l. singular, led incl.)
– What interesting things have you noticed in the spelling of verbs?(At the end, after the hissing ones, it is written
b
)
– What does our textbook say about writing ь in verbs?
How can we supplement this rule?
Let's conclude: In all verbal forms, after the sibilants, it is written ь.
A) Work in groups
Guys, now, let's do some repetition tasks with you. I give each group a card with a specific task, after completing the card, raise your hand.
1 group
2 group
Identify the spelling of words with a hiss at the end
3 group
Identify the spelling of words with a hiss at the end
B) Verification and generalization
Teacher: So, the first group completed their card. Read the task.
Pupils: Pupils read the task to the card. They read the words, choosing the correct spelling b after hissing. Explain their choice.
Student: The words that were given to us are nouns f.r., sg. h and f.r. pl. h, as well as one word (rook) - m.r. In the names of nouns f.r we write a soft sign, for nouns plural and noun. M..r. - do not write.
Teacher: Well done guys! Correctly!
Teacher: Is the second group ready?
Students: Ready!
Teacher: Read the task of your card. Explain your choice.
Pupils: Read the task to the card. We had nouns m.s. + f.s. (shiver). In nouns m.r. We don’t write b, but there is a tremor in the word, since it is zh.r. we write a sign.
Teacher: Okay guys! You did a good job too!
Teacher: Group 3, read what task you had. Explain the choice of this spelling.
Students: We needed to determine the spelling of words with a hissing end.
The words given to us are adjectives, or rather short adjectives with a hissing at the end + one word noun (midnight). In short adjectives with a hissing b at the end, we do not write the sign, but in the word midnight we write, since this is a noun f.r.
C) Partial-square method
Teacher : Well done, guys, remembered the rules for writing words with hissing at the end of nouns zh.r, m.r, zh.r plural, as well as short adjectives. But we have another part of speech that has similar rule. What do you think this part of speech is?
Students: This is a verb. (Students may also have erroneous versions that cannot be ignored, but simply say: “Maybe someone thinks differently?”)
Teacher: That's right guys. Let us try to determine this rule by completing a certain task.
Working in a group, determine the verb 2 persons, singular. Having formed this verb, one of the group go out and write it on the board. Highlight the ending and conjugation.
unit Plural
1 l. sitting 1 liter we sit
2 l.____________ 2 l. sit
3 l. sits 3 l. sitting
unit Plural
1 l. look at 1 liter we look
3 l. looks 3 l. watching
unit Plural
1 l. I go 1 l. let's go
2 l.____________ 2 l. go
3 l. goes 3 l. go
Teacher: Having completed the task, can someone formulate a rule for writing the sign of the verb forms for me?
Primary fastening
– And now we will consolidate our new knowledge in practice.
Distributive dictation
Write the verbs in 3 columns.
N.f. 2l unit tilt command
(Associated work on vowels at the root of the word)
Save for lunch
You knock on the window
Pound to powder, decorate the room
Shave your head
Spread butter on bread
Keep out of danger
Settle down at the edge
Cut straight.
Fizminutka
And now let's rest a little.
I will name the words. If you need to write b in a word, you squat, if you don’t need to write b, make 1 clap above your head.
Rye, hut, violinist, sleep, make friends, protect, brick, powerful, write, think, wish you luck.
- So, let's repeat, when we write the sign after the hissing ones, when we do not write.
Secondary fastening
Read the passage. What story are these lines from? Who is their author?
Wind, wind! You are powerful...
You are chasing ... flocks of clouds ....
You excite ... the blue sea,
Everywhere you fly ... in the open,
Don't be afraid ... of anyone,
Except God alone...
– Fill in the missing letters, explain the spelling.
– What pic. vyp. means does the author use?(Personification, metaphor - "a flock of clouds")
- Explain punctuation marks.(Appeal, difficult sentence, homogeneous members)
Now let's play a little. "The Fourth Extra"
Night, beam, silence, thing.
Brick, prickly, powerful, similar.
Without clouds, five tasks, nimble mouse, disappeared from the roofs.
Conclusion:
– When is it written ь after words hissing at the end?
Connect with a line when you need to write ь.
Ex. zh.r. 3 fold cr.app
Ex. m.r. b vb. N.f.
Verb 2 l.s.ch. v. obligatory inclination.
– Now let us turn again to the wisdom of the people.
Add proverbs. Mark the spelling ь in verbs.
With whom you will lead .. sya, from that and ... .
The sewing in the bag is not ....
The word is not a sparrow, a flight .. t not ...
What you sow... so...
3.SUMMARY OF THE LESSON.
– And now, finishing our journey, let's sum up the lesson.
– What did we learn while traveling around the city of Verb?
– What have you learned?
- Whoever was interested in the lesson and everything is clear - put it in the margins (!). If there were difficulties (?).
Don't worry, tomorrow we will continue our conversation on this topic.
- Pass your notebooks forward. open your diaries, write down your homework.
4. HOMEWORK.
1 group
Identify the spelling of words with a hiss at the end
Mouse __ things __, bake __, brooch __, near puddles __, bitter __, rook __, rags __, youth __, many clouds __, daughter_.
2 group
Identify the spelling of words with a hiss at the end
Reeds __, hut __, doctor __, garage __, shiver __, raincoat __, sealing wax __, ball __, key __, watchman __, comrade __.
3 group
Identify the spelling of words with a hiss at the end
Dense __, good __, viscous __, midnight __, creaky __, clumsy __, fizzy __, fresh __, prickly __, odorous __, hot __.
Task: Highlight the ending, determine the conjugation. Form the form of the 2nd person, singular. Write this form on the board.
unit Plural
1 l. sitting 1 liter we sit
2 l.____________ 2 l. sit
3 l. sits 3 l. sitting
unit Plural
1 l. look at 1 liter we look
2 l.____________ 2 l. see
3 l. looks 3 l. watching
unit Plural
1 l. I go 1 l. let's go
2 l.____________ 2 l. go
3 l. goes 3 l. go
Task: Highlight the ending, determine the conjugation. Form the form of the 2nd person, singular. Write this form on the board.
unit Plural
1 l. sitting 1 liter we sit
2 l.____________ 2 l. sit
3 l. sits 3 l. sitting
unit Plural
1 l. look at 1 liter we look
2 l.____________ 2 l. see
3 l. looks 3 l. watching
unit Plural
1 l. I go 1 l. let's go
2 l.____________ 2 l. go
3 l. goes 3 l. go
Task: Highlight the ending, determine the conjugation. Form the form of the 2nd person, singular. Write this form on the board.
unit Plural
1 l. sitting 1 liter we sit
2 l.____________ 2 l. sit
3 l. sits 3 l. sitting
unit Plural
1 l. look at 1 liter we look
2 l.____________ 2 l. see
3 l. looks 3 l. watching
unit Plural
1 l. I go 1 l. let's go
2 l.____________ 2 l. go
3 l. goes 3 l. go
After the hissing. We will lay down the rules for you when it should not be done and when it is strictly necessary to do it.
These rules are based on what part of speech is being discussed, in what declension and in what part of the word.
Soft sign after hissing - setting rule
We put a soft sign:
- A soft sign after hissing must be written in feminine nouns if they are in the singular in the nominative and
Example words: night, gap, daughter, lie, thing, baldness.
Example in a sentence: The queen gave birth on the night of either a son or a daughter.
2. In verbs of the second person in the singular, subject to the present or future tense at the endings after the sibilants.
Example in a word: you will, you will become, you cook, you remember, you believe, you will do.
Examples in sentences: If you know, if you believe, then you will be with me and will not soon stop loving.
- Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Example: returning, straining, intending.
3. In singular verbs in endings after sibilants.
Example in a word: Cut! Eat! Hide!
Addition: If the ending is added to these verbs - Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Hide! Don't fool around!
Examples in sentences: Vadik, don't be foolish and don't hide!
4. In verbs in and imperative before endings - those, - those.
Example: smear - smear - smear.
Example in a sentence: Children! Do not Cry!
5. In verbs of an indefinite person, including before the ending -sya.
Example words: oven - bake, lie down - lie down.
Example in a sentence: These rivers take a long time to flow.
6. In adverbs, it is necessary to enter a soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word.
Example: Entirely, jump, backhand, wide open.
Example in a sentence: He started the horse at a gallop, and hacked at the air with his sword.
Exceptions: Oh, unbearable, married.
7. In particles with hissing endings: I mean, you see, you only.
Example words: that is, only.
In a sentence: Look what a bully!
Why sometimes a soft sign is not written after hissing ones?
You don't have to write:
- In nouns of the nominative case.
Example: rook, kalach, stag, bream, knife.
Offer: A swift flew up to our window.
2. In plural and genitive nouns.
Example: clouds, steep, shoulders, Grish, between, puddles.
Suggestion example: Unfortunately, no pears were served for breakfast today.
3. In short form.
Example: powerful, hot, good, flying, melodious, comely.
Offer: He was good-natured and good-looking...
4. In pronouns with hissing at the end.
Examples: yours, ours.
Given the above, the spelling of a soft sign after hissing differs depending on many factors - part of speech, declension, number, as well as the presence of exceptions to the rules.
Elementary teachers give their students rhymed versions of the rules - for easier memorization.
Rules in verse!
Nouns "a lot"
Nouns "my" -
We don't put up any sign!
In verbs and adverbs
The sign is always written
And in short adjectives
We never write!
