Turnover of metal formwork. Plywood formwork: types, manufacturing methods and advantages. Monolith walls: how to calculate lumber consumption

STATE ELEMENTAL ESTIMATE NORMS

FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

GESN-2001-06

Collection #6

MONOLITHIC CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

These State Elemental Estimated Standards (GESN) are intended to determine the need for resources (labor costs of workers, construction machines, materials) when performing work on the construction of structures made of bricks and blocks and compiling estimates (estimates) using the resource method.

GESN-2001 are the initial standards for the development of State unit prices for construction work at the federal (FER), territorial (TER) industry levels, individual and aggregated norms (prices) and others normative documents used to determine direct costs in estimated cost construction works.

DEVELOPED Interregional center on pricing in construction and industry building materials(MTsTSS) Gosstroy of Russia (I.I. Dmitrenko, L.N. Krylov), 31 GPI SS MO RF, Moscow (V.G. Guryev, A.N. Zhukov, A.L. Kostyuk) and St. Petersburg The Regional Center for Pricing in Construction LLC "RCES" (P.V. Goryachkin, E.E. Dyachkov, L.A. Danilova) with the participation of specialists - V.G. Usachev (ZAO RASA Ko, Moscow), A.P. Ivanov (JSC Construction Corporation of St. Petersburg), A.A. Kozlovskaya, S.M. Weller (JSC "Institute LenNIIproekt", St. Petersburg), Ph.D. I.Yu. Nosenko, (JSC "INiK").

CONSIDERED Department of Pricing and Estimated Rationing in Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Gosstroy of Russia (Editorial Committee: V.A. Stepanov-Head, V.N. Maklakov, G.A. Shanin, T.L. Grishchenkova).

INTRODUCED Department of Pricing and Estimated Rationing in Construction, Housing and Communal Services of the Gosstroy of Russia

APPROVED AND INTRODUCED from May 1, 2000 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated April 26, 2000 No. 36.

CHANGES AND ADDITIONS MADE, approved and put into effect on October 20, 2002 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated October 15, 2002 No. 127 and approved and put into effect on March 9, 2004 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated March 9, 2004 No. 41

Technical part

General instructions

1.1. These State Elemental Estimated Standards (GESN) are intended to determine the need for resources (labor costs of workers, construction machines, materials) when performing work on the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures in industrial and civil construction and preparation of cost estimates (estimates) by the resource method. GESN are the initial standards for the development of unit rates, individual and aggregated rates (prices).

1.2. HPES reflect the industry average operating costs construction machines and mechanisms, technology and organization by type of construction work. GESN are mandatory for use by all enterprises and organizations, regardless of their affiliation and form of ownership, carrying out capital construction with the involvement of funds from the state budget of all levels and target off-budget funds.

For construction projects financed at the expense of own funds of enterprises, organizations and individuals, GESN are advisory in nature.

In cases where design solutions there are more stringent requirements for the accuracy of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures than provided for in clause 3.7 and table. 12 SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", it is necessary to develop individual estimated norms, or individual multiplying factors to the norms of the tables of the GESN-2001 Collection "Monolithic Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures", taking into account all the complicating factors associated with increased production requirements works on the installation of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

1.3. Norms take into account the costs of implementation full complex work, including:

unloading;

Transportation of materials and products from the on-site warehouse to the place of laying or installation;

Installation and dismantling of scaffolding;

Installation, lubrication and dismantling of the formwork, taking into account its turnover;

Control assembly, installation and dismantling of sliding formwork with scaffolds and work platforms, installation and dismantling of equipment, devices, auxiliary structures, electrical wiring, jack frames and jacks, installation and extension of jack rods, installation and dismantling of shaft ladders or lifts for lifting people;

Installation of reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures with welding or viscous and straightening of reinforcement, installation and disassembly of inventory forms or brackets-linings when welding in a bathtub;

Laying concrete mix with compaction, concrete care and partial grouting of exposed surfaces after formwork removal (if necessary);

The device of temporary shrink workers and expansion joints(if necessary);

In separate tables of norms for structures that differ in the scope of work, a list of additional operations is given.

1.4. In the norms of the tables, the average consumption of reinforcement is given based on the technology (frames, meshes, individual rods).

When drawing up estimates, the consumption of reinforcement and the class of steel should be taken according to design data without adjusting the cost of labor and machines for its installation.

1.5. The rates take into account the costs of installing fittings using electric welding or knitting, with the exception of rates 5, 6 of Table 01002, which takes into account bathtub welding.

If it is necessary to use welding of reinforcement in a bathtub (instead of electric welding or knitting), additional standards given in Table 01016 should be taken into account.

1.6. Concrete classes and aggregate size should be taken according to design data. In the absence of the specified data, concrete classes and aggregate size should be taken from the following table.

Table 1

1.7. The cost of installing metal structures and steel cores used as rigid reinforcement should be determined in accordance with the relevant standards of the collection GESN-2001-09 "Metal structures".

1.8. The norms take into account the erection of structures at a height (depth) of up to 15 m from the surface of the earth (with the exception of structures of special structures). When determining the cost of performing work at elevations above (below) 15 m from the ground, labor costs should be adjusted by the coefficients given in Section 3 of the technical part.

1.9. The cost of constructing foundations for metal columns should be determined according to the norms 2¸12 of Table. 01001 with installation costs added anchor bolts and conductor devices remaining in the body of concrete according to the norms 1-10 of the table. 01014. The consumption of concrete (mortar) for pouring nests (wells) when installing anchor bolts is taken into account in the norms for the construction of foundations.

1.10. The cost of installing foundations for columns for thickeners at processing and sintering plants, indicated in the norms 1-3 of Table. 01008 should be determined according to the norms 2-9 of Table. 01001.

1.11. The cost of installing foundations with under-columns with a perimeter of more than 10 m should be determined according to the norms 2-9 of Table. 01001, and with a perimeter of up to 10 m and a height of more than 10 m (counting from the upper ledge) should be calculated separately: for foundations (up to the upper ledge) according to the norms 8-9 of Table. 01001, and for under-columns according to the norm 12 tab. 01001.

1.12. The cost of installing a slab with under-columns more than 2 m high should be determined separately: for a slab according to the norm of 16 Table. 01001, and under-columns: with a perimeter of up to 10 m - according to the norm 12 of the table. 01001, and more than 10 m - according to the norms 5-9 of the table. 01001.

1.13. The cost of grillage installation should be determined according to the relevant standards of Table. 01001 and 01005 for the installation of similar foundations, for example, grillages on single piles or clusters of piles for individual columns - according to the norms for foundations of the corresponding volume for columns, grillages in the form of slabs along a pile field according to the norms for foundation slabs, grillages in the form of tapes along rows of piles according to the norms for strip foundations, etc.

When determining the costs for the installation of grillages, in which the lower surface rises above the ground (such as grillages with permafrost soils for the formation of a blown underground), one should additionally take into account the costs of the formwork from below, and the structures supporting it according to Table. 01012.

1.14. Installation costs for anchor bolts and equipment fixings should be determined in accordance with the guidelines for the application of equipment installation codes.

1.15. The cost of installing columns for thickeners should be determined according to the norms 1-6 of Table. 01026.

1.16. The costs for the construction of two-tier thickeners should be determined according to the norms 1-4 of Table. 01008.

1.17. Additional costs for the installation of foundations for equipment different configuration with the device in their thickness of channels, niches, wells, nests for anchor bolts, protruding elements, etc. should be determined according to the norms 7, 8 of the table. 01005.

1.18. The cost of building foundations, consisting of columns, beams, and other elements, should be determined according to the relevant standards for individual structural elements.

1.19. Consumption rates wooden formwork and fastening parts are determined taking into account the normal number of their revolutions and the norms of permissible losses after each revolution.

Depreciation deductions for industrial re-wrapped formwork are recommended to be determined on the basis of the following data:

Average normative formwork turnover

Table 2.

Note:

* When using other deck materials ( sheet plastic, combined, etc.) the number of revolutions is taken according to the technical data for the corresponding formwork.

table 2

_____________

* When using other deck materials (plastic sheet, combined, etc.), the number of revolutions is taken according to the technical data for the corresponding formwork.

Average weight of industrial formwork

Table 3

The amount of depreciation deductions to be included in estimates are determined by the formula:

For metal formwork with steel deck:

, where:

BUT- formwork depreciation, rub.;

P

M- weight of a set of metal formwork per accepted gauge P, - is taken according to table 3 or technical data (project for the production of formwork, specification of formwork elements, etc.)

C- current price of the formwork set, rub/t;

H- normative turnover of metal formwork - is taken according to table 2 or technical data.

For other types of formwork:

, where:

BUT- formwork depreciation, rub.;

P - total area concreted structures (m 2) or the number of meters of vertical slip (for sliding formwork) according to design data;

R- deck consumption indicator for the received meter P, m 2 , m 3 , t etc.

M uh- mass of supporting, supporting, fastening elements of the formwork on the accepted gauge P, is accepted according to technical data (project for the production of formwork, specification of formwork elements, etc.)

C tp- the current price of the deck for the received meter R;

C te- the current price of supporting and fastening elements;

H P ,H uh- normative turnover of the deck and supporting, supporting fasteners of the formwork, respectively - is taken according to table 2 or technical data.

In the case of renting an industrial reversible formwork, depreciation deductions are not taken into account in the relevant norms of the GESN. Expenses for lease payments are determined additionally on the basis of the construction organization project.

When applied fixed formwork(reinforced concrete, reinforced cement, metal, mesh, etc.) instead of inventory wrapped, coefficients must be applied to the relevant standards for formwork work in accordance with Section 3, Clause 3.8 of the Technical Part. At the same time, formwork depreciation is excluded from the norms and the consumption of materials, products and structures of permanent formwork according to design and other technical data is added. The concreting of structures and the installation of reinforcement shall be taken in accordance with the norms of tables 01-090, 01-091 and 01-092.

The norms of this collection provide for the consumption of formwork panels and lumber from the condition of the normative turnover of formwork panels. In cases where the formwork turnover is impossible (one-time use of the formwork) or does not correspond to the normative formwork turnover, the amount of costs should be determined according to individual estimated standards, taking into account the actual consumption of elements and details of formwork fastening.

1.20. If it is necessary to use electrical heating to accelerate the hardening of concrete and the turnover of the formwork, do not winter period(determined by the construction organization project), additional costs for technological electrical heating of concrete are determined according to Table. 01-017.

1.21. The cost of constructing retaining walls (Table 01-024) of variable cross section should be determined based on their average thickness.

1.22. The costs of erecting reinforced concrete columns when supporting monolithic floors or beams on them should be determined according to the norms of 4-6 Table. 01-026 regardless of column height.

1.23. The cost of erecting concrete and lightweight concrete walls (when monolithic floors are supported on them) should be determined according to the norms 1-5, 13-15 of Table. 01-030 regardless of wall height.

1.24. The cost of erecting reinforced concrete walls (when monolithic floors are supported on them) should be determined according to the norms 1-5 of Table. 01-031 regardless of the height of the walls.

1.25. The costs for thermal insulation of concrete surfaces of the walls of mine tower headframes erected in sliding formwork should be additionally determined in accordance with the relevant standards of the collection GESN-2001-26 "Heat-insulating works", and for plastering internal walls according to the standards of the collection GESN-2001-15 "Finishing works".

1.26. The norms for the installation of capacitive structures for water supply and sewerage should also be applied when determining the costs for structures similar in terms of technical requirements and conditions (reservoirs for oil products, etc.).

1.27. The norms given in subsection 15 for the preparation of concretes and mortars in construction conditions should be applied in exceptional cases when the construction site is removed from concrete plants (concrete mortar units) at distances that do not allow transportation of concrete and mortars.

1.28. Norms for the construction of wall structures according to Table. 01-090, 01-098 are designed for 1 m 2 of the gross structural element area, i.e. without deducting openings.

1.29. For the construction of walls in tunnels and passage channels, the norms of Table. 01-046 provide for the use of a unified collapsible metal fine panel formwork.

1.30. In the rules of the table. 01-027, 01-037, 01-087 ÷ 01-092, 01-096 ÷ 01-100, 01-103, 01-104 the construction of buildings with a height of 48 m is taken into account. When reducing or increasing the height of the building being erected, the coefficients given in the technical part of sect. 3, pp. 3.6, 3.7.

1.31. The cost of loading filters with sulfocoal, quartz sand and other special materials should be determined according to the norms of Table. 01-070.

1.32. The consumption of concrete (mortar) for pouring nests (wells) when installing anchor bolts (Table 01-015) is taken into account in the norms for the construction of foundations.

1.33. In cases of shotcrete surfaces without preliminary sandblasting from the norm 2 of the table. 01-067 should exclude the costs of the norm 1 table. 01-67.

1.34. If the project provides for corrosion protection of embedded and overhead parts, the costs shall be taken according to the norms of the collection GESN-2001-13 "Protection of building structures and equipment from corrosion".

1.35. The “to” size listed in this collection includes this size.

1.36. The mass of structures, products and materials is taken as the "net" mass.

1.37. Table norms. 0110701111 take into account the use of industrial formwork of the "Doka" type in the form of "Dokaflex" tables. Consumption rates for a bakelized plywood deck (a formwork deck of the "Doka" type) are determined to be written off to the cost of work performed, taking into account the normal number of its turnover and the norms of permissible losses after each revolution. Depreciation charges for Doka industrial formwork elements – supports, formwork beams, assembly aids – must be determined on the basis of the following data.

Often people who are faced with construction hear the expression "formwork turnover". But they know him exact value Not all. Let's figure out what formwork turnover is. Filming formwork systems are used several times. Formwork turnover refers to the number of concrete pours that a formwork system can withstand without losing its properties. It should be noted that formwork turnover depends on the material used for formwork panels. The most fragile and short-lived are considered wooden shields for formwork. Because they absorb water easily, they appearance strongly deformed.

It is also worth noting that the tree is soft material, which is quite unstable to mechanical deformations. The most durable formwork panels are those made of steel. Such panels can be used for 1000 cycles - this is the formwork turnover. In addition, the durability of the formwork is also affected by the type of coating that was applied to the formwork shield, as well as the extent to which this coating helps to separate the formwork from the concrete that is poured into it.

The human factor is also important, i.e. formwork structures must be properly selected and assembled with high quality, in the future they must be handled carefully, which will help them to be used more than once, which means that the formwork turnover will be greater. But it should be understood that the choice of formwork should not be based only on the characteristics of its turnover. For example, plastic shields, the service life of which is no more than 200 cycles, will make it possible to produce a very smooth and beautiful surface.

You need to choose formwork only after you evaluate all the qualities of formwork systems that are available on the market today. In the technical and economic calculation, it is also necessary to take into account those factors that will affect the final result, the main of which can be considered the cost of devices for curing and making concrete, energy consumption, the cost of personnel, the cost of thermal insulation and vapor barrier, as well as formwork turnover.

For all methods that are used, except for electric heating with rod electrodes, the formwork turnover during winter concreting is assumed to be the same as during summer conditions. For structures that are heated by rod electrodes, only a double turnover of the formwork is possible. Here are the main signs that allow you to understand what formwork turnover is.

When constructing monolithic reinforced concrete structures, wooden formwork (shields from boards) is used. From our point of view, the consumption of formwork, given in the norms 6 of the Collection, is underestimated, and our expenses are not reimbursed.

How to find out what turnover of wooden formwork is taken into account in the norms 6 of the Collection?

Answer

In the Technical part of the Collection GESN-2001-06 "Monolithic Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures", the average standard turnover is given only for industrial multiple-turn formworks (formwork with a steel deck and metal formwork with a waterproof plywood deck). Data on the average standard turnover of wooden formwork, taken into account in the norms of the Collection, is not given. There is no answer to the question posed and Guidelines on the procedure for the development of state elementary estimated norms for construction, installation, special construction and "(MDS 81-19.2000), put into effect on May 1, 1998 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated April 24, 98 No. 18-40.

The necessary information is contained in the "Guidelines for the development of elemental estimated norms for building structures and types of work of Part IV building codes and rules "Estimated norms and rules", approved State Committee Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction May 11, 1974, namely, in paragraph 8.4 of section VIII "Determination of consumption rates building structures, products and materials":

“8.4. When constructing structures from monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete, excavation with the use of fasteners and other works, the consumption rates of timber and other circulating materials should be determined taking into account their return after each disassembly of the devices and additional expense materials to restore losses inevitable during disassembly, according to the formula:

N P \u003d N1 x K, where:

N1 - consumption rates of materials for the initial device according to working drawings, taking into account intractable losses and waste given in clause 8.3. these guidelines;

K - correction factor to the consumption of wrapped materials, depending on the number of revolutions of temporary devices.

The number of revolutions of temporary devices, adopted in the development of estimated standards, and correction factors for the consumption of wrapped materials, determined according to production standards, are given in Table. 3.

The data given in the Guidelines on the average standard turnover of wooden formwork were used in the development of the 1984 estimate and regulatory framework and then became part of the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework.

Turnover is a classification indicator according to which the formwork is divided into single and inventory types. One-time formwork includes non-removable structures that remain in the foundation or wall after the concrete has hardened. Inventory formwork is a special design designed for multiple pouring of typical elements of a monolithic building. It is used as construction equipment and is subject to inventory accounting. How large quantity pouring is able to withstand such a design without changing its specified characteristics, the greater the turnover of the formwork.

According to the provisions of GOST R 52085-2003, all manufactured inventory formwork, depending on the accuracy of its production (class), must meet the following turnover requirements (see table):

Obviously, formwork turnover will depend on the material, workmanship and operating conditions. Shields made up of wooden planks, are considered the most short-lived formwork, as they absorb moisture from concrete mortar and are highly deformed. For shield formwork, pine, spruce, birch, alder and larch boards are used with a thickness of 20-32 mm and a moisture content of up to 25%. In order to obtain a high turnover of 8-10 cycles for the manufacture of formwork elements, lumber of 1 and 2 grades should be used. The deck side of the shield in contact with concrete must be planed and treated with a lubricant to reduce adhesion. In this case, the width of the boards on it should not exceed 150 mm.

The price of a formwork board in Russia depends on the type of wood and the method of processing. Below are the offers of individual lumber distributors in the country:

Reversibility of formwork made of laminated plywood

Laminated plywood makes it possible to obtain more durable and reversible formwork structures. Main advantages laminated plywood:

• high strength;
• gives a smooth concrete surface;
• requires less props;
• light weight;
• waste sheets can be used on the subfloor;
• the turnover of laminated plywood formwork can reach 50-100 cycles.

Sheet 18 or 21 mm goes to the formwork. Typical dimensions sheets are 122x244 cm and 150x300 cm. The laminating coating can be made of melamine, phenol or PVC. It provides moisture impermeability, increased density and wear resistance of the sheet surface, resistance to adhesion.

To ensure durability and greater turnover of laminated plywood, it is necessary to observe special rules operation:

• fasten it on supports and beams with self-tapping screws on both sides;
• observe the gap between the spacers no more than 1 m;
• when handling, be careful not to damage the laminate;
• after each dismantling, clean the surface of concrete and apply a water-repellent lubricant.

Prices for plywood depend on its brand, thickness, grade, size and manufacturer. Estimated prices for Moscow ney are given below: