Among the methods used in the interior decoration of premises is plywood cladding. Plywood is made from veneer of different types of wood, more often it is birch or coniferous (pine, larch). Thin (up to 1.5 mm) veneer is laid in layers, in each of which the direction of the fibers is perpendicular to the previous one, and glued together using synthetic resin compositions. 
When finishing work, there may be such a need as sheathe the walls with plywood. The ceiling of the room can also be lined with plywood.
Plywood is also used in the manufacture of a clean floor when it is directly laid on logs standing on a wooden or reinforced concrete floor.
It is also used to form a new external surface of old wooden plank floors, as well as concrete - over a cement-sand screed.
- Drill (screwdriver);
- Electric jigsaw;
- Sander;
- A hammer;
- Hacksaw;
- Plumb;
- Levels - water and bubble;
- Narrow spatula;
- Axe.
Preparation of surfaces for cladding
The types of plywood for walls, ceilings and floors that can be used in construction can be classified as follows.
Plywood is produced in different thicknesses - from 3 to 30 mm.
Its outer surface can be:
Alignment of walls with plywood, as well as ceilings, is most often performed with flexible plywood made of softwood with a thickness of 6 to 22 mm, for floors along logs - 30 mm. Standard sheet sizes are 1220 x 2440 and 1225 x 2500 mm.
The surfaces of the interior of structures and buildings that can be finished with plywood sheets are:
To determine the amount of the required material, the surface areas of walls, ceilings and floors (minus the areas of openings) to be lined are calculated and summarized. What happens is divided by the area of one sheet and multiplied by 20 ... 25% (margin for unforeseen circumstances). The calculation of the frame rails is carried out based on the known dimensions of their cross-section, the number of required plywood sheets. The calculation will be greatly simplified if you first draw a diagram of the layout of plywood and frame elements on a sheet of paper. 
When the work planes have a flat, pre-smoothed surface (for example, they were previously covered with a layer of ordinary plaster), plywood sheets can be installed directly on the glue. In this case, it is necessary to provide for any devices that rigidly hold the sheet on a vertical or horizontal surface until the adhesive composition is completely set.
An easier way, suitable for any cladding surface, is to attach plywood to the ceiling and wall using a frame.
The simplest frame can be made from wooden slats with section dimensions of 100 x 25 for the perimeter (to which adjacent sheets will be attached vertically and horizontally, 2 per rail) and 50 x 25 mm for intermediate parts. If there is a need for thermal insulation, and mineral wool mats or foam panels are usually used as its quality, wooden frame elements should be taken 1 cm thicker. 
It is more convenient to assemble the frame from individual elements on a flat horizontal surface, after which it is rotated at an angle of 90 degrees, leveled and fixed on the desired wall, or also horizontally rises to the level of the existing ceiling and joins its bottom.
As fasteners when attaching the frame to wooden walls and ceilings, long screws are used, designed for wooden joints. The installed frame must fit snugly against the surface to be lined; wooden wedges and linings can be used to level it. During installation, for better adhesion to the surface, strongly protruding areas can be slightly leveled with an ax. 
Wall decoration with plywood
To install the frame on a brick or concrete surface, you can use perforated bending metal strips designed for metal frames for drywall.
Before use, the wooden frame elements, as well as the reverse (invisible) side of the plywood sheets, must be protected from fungus, decay, mold by impregnation with antiseptics, as well as compounds that prevent easy ignition.
Plywood sheets and a wooden frame are fastened together with screws, the pitch of which in the vertical and horizontal direction must exceed 400 mm.
When constructing a floor from a plywood sheet along the logs (additional floor-supporting beams laid on top of the supporting structures of the floor) with a step of no more than 400 mm, a wooden beam with a thickness of at least 60 mm and a width of 50 to 100 mm is used for their manufacture (to ensure fixing two adjacent sheets on one lag). The thickness of the sheet for such a floor should be 30 mm. 
After installation, plywood sheets are puttied and primed. There are many ways to finish the final surface of a plywood room. It can be either simple coloring or wallpapering of different types.
If for the purpose of a certain design of the room it is required to preserve the texture of wood, plywood can be ennobled with a variety of stains, tinting impregnations and coated with a colorless varnish.
In this case, it is better to close the seams between plywood sheets with wooden planks or mask with strips of a self-adhesive laminating film matched in color.
The benefits of plywood
Finishing walls and ceilings with plywood is especially good in a wooden country house. When choosing interior finishing work, plywood sheets are a worthy replacement for the more commonly used drywall. You can also use the combined method, where these two materials can be used together. It is known that drywall is very easily destroyed by impact. In places where it is critical, it should be replaced with plywood, which is practically devoid of this drawback. 
If you want to use the texture of natural wood when decorating the premises of the house, it is not recommended to use a varnish that gives a shiny finish, as the gloss reveals a large number of flaws in the finish, which are invisible on a matte surface. Interior plywood cladding is as simple as drywall cladding and is easy to do yourself.
Do you think laminated plywood is too expensive for you? Do not know where to buy material with increased wear resistance in Moscow cheaper? Plastic-coated plywood is a relatively inexpensive analogue of laminated plywood board, the production of which is aimed at reducing the cost of formwork in monolithic construction. This is a very practical, but also higher quality material for repeated use.
Features of plastic lamination
In addition to laminating plywood surfaces with paper-resin, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl fluoride films, the front and back sides of the material can be coated with other materials (for example, a layer of cork chips, asbestos, fiberglass, etc.). Plywood coated with a layer of plastic or fiberglass has higher hardness and abrasion resistance, is more resistant to chemically aggressive substances, and is light and water resistant.
One of the most practical ways to improve the operational properties of plywood is plasticization, based on a special chemical-thermal treatment of peeled veneer, pre-impregnated and coated with binders.
Why plastic plywood sheet is better?
The main advantages of coating a plywood sheet with a layer of plastic lie in the purposeful improvement of the technical characteristics of the product:
- Quality. The surface of the concrete after dismantling the formwork is absolutely smooth and does not require additional processing (it is possible to putty or paint the surface without leveling the base layer).
- Practicality. Material properties do not change depending on humidity. Plastic coated plywood can be easily processed by drilling and cutting (after cutting the sheet, there is no need to paint the end surfaces to protect against moisture).
- Safety. For the production of plywood, natural birch veneer and non-toxic materials are used (confirmed by international quality certificates).
- Cost savings. Due to good adhesion to concrete, a minimum amount of formwork lubricant is required (or not at all!), which significantly reduces labor costs and costs for its acquisition. There is no need to rent warehouses, installation / dismantling is carried out quickly.
- Reliability. Subject to the rules of operation, the turnover time of such plywood is 6 times longer than that of laminated plywood (calculated for 100 or more cycles).
Features of Koskifutura coated plywood
Koskifutura is a multilayer birch veneer plywood sheet. A very durable and rather elastic coating made of colored polypropylene retains its properties for years:
- textured non-slip polypropylene waterproof coating is easy to clean;
- a wide range of colors for decorating the front surface of the sheet;
- high color fastness - corresponds to level 6-7 according to DIN54005;
- harmlessness - non-toxic material does not contain chlorine compounds.
Koskifutura plywood with plastic coating is widely used in the automotive industry, construction and other fields.
It would be more correct to call facing plywood lined, since in this case we are talking about facing the sheet itself. In essence, veneer plywood is plain plywood with a single or double-sided coating that can be made from a variety of materials. In the article brought to your attention, we list the main types of facing materials and briefly describe their main properties.
Sliced veneer
Sliced veneer plywood veneer is a fairly common procedure. Peeled veneer used in the production of general-purpose plywood is seriously inferior to sliced veneer in terms of decorative properties, and therefore facing with thin (up to 1 mm) sliced veneer primarily pursues aesthetic goals. In the vast majority of cases, plywood lined with sliced veneer is used for interior decoration, as well as in the manufacture of furniture.
Metal
There are two ways of facing plywood with metal. The essence of the more common of them is to stick a thin metal plate to a plywood sheet with special adhesives. A much less popular method is spraying molten metal and then cooling the sheet. As a result of cladding, manufacturers receive a material that is distinguished by exceptional mechanical strength and wear resistance: in addition, metal cladding significantly increases the fire resistance of plywood.
Metal faced plywood can be either single or double sided. The metal surface of the sheet is often subjected to oxidation or anodization, which increases the resistance of the cladding to adverse environmental factors.
The main areas of application of metal-lined f-ry are the automotive industry, car building and construction. The share of metallized grades in the total production volume is very small.
The use of fiberboard as a finishing material for plywood can seriously improve the latter, both in terms of strength and durability, and in terms of aesthetics. As a rule, low-quality plywood of grades 3 and 4 is used for facing fiberboard, which has many defects. These defects are fully compensated by the appearance of additional layers of wood fiber.
The main areas of application of plywood finished with fiberboard are construction and furniture production.
Fiberglass
For fiberglass cladding, plywood of increased water resistance is used. The cladding technology is extremely simple: the sheet is simply coated with fiberglass and dried. The material formed as a result of such processing has high water resistance and mechanical strength, which allows it to be used in the automotive industry, car and shipbuilding.
Paper
Presently, plywood manufacturers use tar-impregnated paper liner, non-resin-impregnated paper liner, and asbestos paper liner. The most common is the first option, when a sheet of plywood is covered with paper impregnated with bakelite varnish or other synthetic resin. The plywood obtained as a result of such facing is called bakelized; it has outstanding mechanical strength and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures and high humidity.
Plywood lined with paper without impregnation does not have any exceptional properties and is subsequently subjected to other types of finishes.
Lining with asbestos paper or, more precisely, plastic from asbestos paper is carried out in order to increase fire resistance.
Polymer films
Facing with polyvinyl chloride (PVC plywood) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF plywood) films is carried out in order to improve decorative properties and increase water resistance and wear resistance. The main scope of PVC and PVF is industrial production.
For several decades, soft wall panels have remained one of the most popular materials for both wall decoration and furniture manufacturing. It is believed that the manufacture of soft panels requires expensive equipment and appropriate qualifications. Further we will try to debunk this myth and you will learn how to make such a coating simply, quickly and at minimal cost.
Soft panels for walls harmonize well with any kind of interior.
Panel arrangement
Whatever the decorative panels, their device is approximately the same. Initially, a rigid base is taken, which can be sheets of fiberboard, MDF, chipboard or something similar. On this sheet, as a rule, foam rubber with a thickness of 10 mm to 100 mm is glued. After that, all this is covered with leather, leatherette or fabric.
Now there are several types of such coverage, some models are really exclusive and it is not realistic to make them at home with your own hands. So in the photo below you see soft 3D wall panels. They certainly look impressive, but it is useless to try to make them at home, special machines are needed here.
Making 3D wall panels with your own hands is impossible.
Making soft panels for walls with your own hands at home has certain features, from experience I can say that there are 2 relatively simple models that a home master can handle - these are smooth soft panels and panels made using the carriage tie method, which are actually further and will be discussed.
Carriage screed is considered one of the most popular and spectacular types of wall panels.
The choice of materials for panels
The range of applications for soft panels made of leather or fabric is huge, starting with small ottomans with a soft seat and ending with a solid finish for cafes and other similar places, but the use of such finishes in the interior is a big topic worthy of a separate article.
Now we are talking about the applied direction, and any work on the manufacture of anything begins with the selection of materials.
- Basis - it all depends on the purpose for which you make your panel. So for the furniture direction, for example, headrests for beds, MDF, chipboard or OSB plates with a thickness of about 10 - 12 mm are taken. Plywood works well, but it's more expensive. Purely wall cladding or sheathing of entrance doors should not be too thick, therefore such panels are made on the basis of thin plywood or fiberboard;
- The filler or substrate is responsible for softness and volume. As already mentioned, furniture foam rubber up to 100 mm thick often comes here. Although there are some smooth models that are filled with padding polyester and even batting. For example, if you make yourself a soft ironing board, then it is filled only with batting;
Furniture foam rubber is the most practical substrate for soft panels.
- The list of finishing materials for such panels consists of 3 items:
- Making soft wall panels covered with natural leather is a good option, but very expensive. Indeed, for these purposes, leather with fine dressing is used, and its price is high, not everyone can afford such a coating;
- Furniture fabrics, especially velvet, look spectacular, but they are hard to care for. The more you vacuum and wash the fabric cover, the faster it will become unusable;
- Leatherette wall panels now occupy approximately 50 - 70% of the market. This material combines the best price with decent quality. Plus, you can wash artificial leather as much as you like.
Important: now all companies specializing in the manufacture of soft panels use the so-called eco-leather, in principle it is the same leatherette, only of very high quality. Visually, eco-leather is practically indistinguishable from natural, plus it stretches well and does not burn.
Method number 1. How to make a smooth panel
Some special preparation of the surface of the walls in this case is not required, because the panel is made separately and what you will mount it on is not so important. The only requirement is that the walls be dry and free of fungus, and for this they can be covered with a layer of antiseptic, for example, the same blue vitriol.
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· Steel ruler; · Furniture stapler; · A hammer; · Pliers; · Scissors; · Glue gun in tubes; · Screwdriver; Roulette; · Wood saw. |
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· Wooden planks 20×30 mm; Plywood or fiberboard up to 4 mm thick; Filler - foam rubber or batting; · Metal corners; Glue - "BF-6", "Rapid-100" or "Glue-88"; · Self-tapping screws; · Eco-leather or upholstery furniture fabric. |
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| . The frame is assembled from wooden planks fastened with corners, but in reality you can do without it, it’s just that such a panel is easier to attach to the wall and furniture staples fit better into the tree. | |
| . Now we screw thin plywood or fiberboard to the frame with self-tapping screws. | |
| . The foam rubber is glued to the base. If batting is used as a substrate, then it is better to “shoot” it with a stapler. | |
| . Wrap the panel tightly with the selected upholstery material and fasten it on the reverse side with a stapler. | |
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In principle, the manufacture of soft panels for walls is completed, then it remains only to fix them on the wall. The easiest way is to drill through holes and screw the panel to the surface of the walls with anchors, and cover the anchor heads with decorative caps. Of course, there is more trouble, but the surface will remain unharmed and it will not be difficult to remove this lining. |
Method number 2. Carriage coupler and important subtleties of its arrangement
I won’t lie to you, compared to the previous method, the instruction here is an order of magnitude more complicated, but it would be realistic to master it, there would be a desire.
Arrangement sequence
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The stencil is made from ordinary paper, only the entry points of the puffs are marked here, in other words, the places where the buttons will be. When the stencil is ready, we transfer the puff points to the base, here an MDF sheet with a thickness of about 10 mm is used as the base. |
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The optimal cross section of the holes is 8 - 10 mm.
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In general, a joker is a special device designed for assembling furniture and it is sold in departments with furniture fittings. We will make a kind of drill out of the joker for arranging holes in the substrate. To do this, an adapter for a screwdriver is attached on one side, and the reverse side of the tube is sharpened around the circumference. |
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Ideally, it is desirable to apply glue with an airbrush, while the nozzle cross section should be 1.5 - 1.7 mm. If there is no spray gun, then we take the glue in the tube and lubricate the shield, especially around the holes. As a last resort, take a foam roller and apply glue in a solid ball, the option is acceptable, but the glue consumption is more. By the way, a sloping edge made of foam rubber is glued to the left of the shield, these are sold in stores with furniture fittings. They are convenient to equip the semicircular edge. |
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The relief depends on the thickness of the substrate, but the thicker it is, the more difficult it is to accurately drill it. In order not to miss, it is very convenient to use Japanese wooden sticks. Just pierce the foam with them through the holes in the base. |
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| . Now we take the homemade joker described above and drill out the foam rubber, while the sticks act as a central center line. | |
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| . Now we sew the installation points of the buttons with nylon threads, tighten them and fix the threads with a stapler on the back side of the shield. (Buttons will be inserted later). | |
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A real carriage tie is formed by folds. These folds are simply bent with your fingers. If you are offered a screed sewn from squares, you should know that they are slipping you a low-grade product, because as the seams last a maximum of a couple of years, they will begin to fall apart. |
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| . In order to bring the fold to the ideal, take a blunt wooden stick and align. The bending depth is about 10 mm. | |
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The whole pattern is formed in stages, that is, 2 - 3 rows of puffs. When you reach the edge, wrap the skin around and secure with a stapler from the back. Folds are also formed and go under the panel. |
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| . The puffs hold the main load, the buttons perform a more decorative function, so pulling and fastening the threads on the back side will not be difficult. | |
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Particular attention should be paid to the formation of corners. The hardest thing is to smooth out the folds, the fastening itself is standard, using a furniture stapler. |
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Important nuances
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| . Thick foam rubber is cut with a long and sharp knife. The main thing here is that the knife cuts the foam rubber into one wire, because if you start to “cut” the sheet, then the edge will turn out to be a “herringbone”, and it will appear on the exterior. | |
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Of course, you can buy buttons, but compared to homemade ones, they will cost 2 times more. Plus, homemade buttons do not need to be matched by color. First you need to buy blanks. Do not save here, take blanks with a metal eye. |
| . Now you need to take a needle and thread and sew a "nickle" around the perimeter. | |
| . After flashing around the perimeter, you will get a small basket. Insert the blank into this basket, tighten the thread and tie. You should have a good button. | |
| . To glue 2 thick sheets of foam rubber, a layer of glue is applied to the edge of the sheet, but not completely. Leave 5 mm to the edge clean. | |
| . Next, glue the sheets. | |
| . Now we glue interlining on one side of the joint (a density of 40 den is enough). | |
| . Then lubricate the adjacent sheet with glue and, with a slight stretch, glue a strip of interlining to it. | |
| . To equip a round board, you initially need to cut a sheet of foam rubber a little wider than the base. So if your foam rubber is 50 mm, then the overlap should be left 40 mm. | |
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Now smear the base with glue and, turning the sheet, glue the end of the foam rubber to the base. Only the end should not be glued completely, the edge of the foam, about 10 mm, should hang over the edge of the base, this overlap will subsequently protect the eco-leather when screwed on. |
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It should turn out approximately the same as in the photo. If there is no desire to mess with the bend, then buy ready-made foam rubber parts and glue. Below in the video in this article you will find a number of very valuable tips for arranging a do-it-yourself carriage tie. |
By the way, if you are thinking about starting a business for the production of soft panels, then you can download a starting checklist with estimated prices and a description of everything you need to create such a business.
Conclusion
Now in stores, ready-made soft wall panels cost from 5,000 rubles per 1 m², but you received instructions according to which you can do everything yourself and several times cheaper. If after watching the video you still have questions, welcome to the comments, I will help as much as I can.
How to choose the right materials for interior decoration? Naturally, each room needs material with special requirements. There is a unique, affordable, durable and environmentally friendly finishing material that meets these requirements, this is plywood wall decoration. It is obtained from glued layers of veneer (three or more).
Scope and advantages of OSB plywood
- There is a huge variety of plywood options on the market, but OSB plywood is more improved.
- Plywood wall decoration is the most common area of application of the material.
Note. But plywood is indispensable in the construction of foundations.tov, columns, ceilings. In most cases, laminated plywood is used, which is treated in a special way and coated with a phenolic film.
- Do-it-yourself OSB plywood installation work . Also, due to the high mechanical properties and wear resistance, moisture-resistant plywood is used in roofing.
Here are some indicators that characterize OSB plywood:
The main advantages that characterize plywood finishing , is:
- Ease of installation.
- Possibility of combination with other materials.
- Plywood sheets allow you to create perfectly even and smooth walls.
The low price and excellent performance indicators make it possible to use plywood not only in the construction industry, but also in the industrial sector, mechanical engineering and other areas.
Brands and grades of plywood
The three most popular brands on the market are:
Let's look at each type:
Materials differ in the type of production technology and the level of moisture resistance. Laminated plywood or FOF can be used as formwork, as it has a high level of moisture resistance.
Advice. In the composition of FC and PSF, there are fomaldegodic and urea resins.
It is FC that can be used when decorating the walls of rooms, since crabamide resins do not harm human health.
According to the grade of plywood, they are classified according to two indicators: knotiness and cleanliness of the top layer. Roman numerals are used for this purpose, ranging from II to IVIV. According to the thickness and size of the sheet, products with a thickness of 4-21 mm and a standard size of 2.3 sq.m.
Plywood wall finishing technology
Assistance in the implementation of the plan will provide instructions for laying the material.
Here are some important points to consider when installing.
Before starting the installation, it is necessary to clean the surface of the walls from the old coating.
As a rule, plywood is attached to a metal frame. The sequence of work is as follows:
- The construction of the crate and the treatment of wooden elements with an antiseptic.
- Carrying out work on the insulation and insulation of the structure.
- Installation of plywood sheets.
- Wall finishing.
Advice. Ideallythe length of plywood sheets should be equal to the distance from the ceiling to the floor.
So:
- If the wall is brick or concrete, then the installation of metal suspensions is necessary.
- In this case, you can attach the finishing material to the wall using dowels.
- If plywood is used to finish wooden walls, frame rails are mounted to the walls using self-tapping screws.
- Between the elements of the crate, insulation is laid. Self-tapping screws are also needed here.
Advice. The waterproofing layer is mounted on the crate. It is better to use penofol for these purposes.
The seams between the finishing material are treated with sealant, and it is better to close them with wooden slats.
Photo of interiors decorated with plywood
Loft staircase made of plywood
Original coffee table in the interior
Luxurious plywood ceiling
An interesting project in the style of a chalet
Decoration with plywood
Gorgeous architectural design
Children bedroom
Installation subtleties
For wall decoration, you need to take plywood with a thickness of 4 to 6 mm. It will keep the heat in the house well.
Subtleties of work:
- It is very easy to cut and install. If the room has a high level of humidity, bakelized plywood is best.
- In addition to the sheets themselves, you need to acquire a level, slats, tape measure, jigsaw.
- The plywood board should be clamped with a clamp before sawing so that there is no sagging.
- When the installation of plywood sheets is completed, the wall surface can be decorated with wallpaper, varnish.
Note. For interior finishing work, construction plywood with a size of 1525x1525 mm is used. The thickness of products for interior decoration is from 4 to 6 mm.
If a utility room (pantry, warehouse) is sheathed, then thin plywood can be used. Anyway. Plywood is a useful material for repair and finishing work. We offer you to watch a video on decorating walls with plywood.
