A truly literate person knows the rules of the language and knows how to apply them, and does not just rely on intuition. This skill comes through concentrated study of grammar. is divided detailed guide how to memorize and apply the rules of the Russian language.
How to learn the rule and learn how to apply it
Read carefully
Things will not move forward if you study with music or with the TV on. Get settled in convenient location and concentrate on the textbook. Read the rule carefully, paying attention to the highlighted words, examples, and diagrams. If the essence of what was written did not fit into your head right away, read the text again.
comprehend
Do not crammed, but try to understand the essence of the rule. Say each item to yourself. Incomprehensible words and formulations can be found in the dictionary. It is also worth retelling the rule in your own words. Consider the examples carefully. They show how the rule works in practice.
Russian teacher Victoria Romanova talks about writing compound nouns, adjectives, and adverbsRemember
By comprehending the rule, you start the process of memorization. It remains only to keep the information in my head. Retelling aloud will help with this. Memorization is hard. Learn to reproduce the theme at home, and you can easily repeat it at the blackboard or to yourself when you encounter a spelling or punctuation problem in the text.
Fix in practice
To bring to automatism the ability to write correctly is possible only in practice.After thoughtfully performed exercises, you no longer have to pronounce the rule every time. So that it does not disappear, periodically return to the theory and tasks on this topic.
What else will help you better understand and remember the rules
Mnemonics
Places in the rules where you need to remember a lot of exception words are stored in memory faster with the help of mnemonic phrases (a way of remembering information using associations). One of these: "Healing the wound, climbed a tree." This line helps to distinguish between words that are oral speech match in sound. Ready-made associations you will find in the book E. A. Lisovskaya "".
Charts and tables
To collect big rule in one picture, use diagrams or tables. See also the infographic atpublic Adukar in Russian.
And it’s also good to learn the language from the video. You will find videos according to all the rules that will be useful on the Central Television in our service.
Understanding word structure
To apply the rules correctly, you need to see the structure of the word.It is important to understand the spelling in the root or suffix. The easiest way to parse a lexeme into morphemes is to pick up words with the same root.
Part of speech definition
The spelling often depends on the part of speech to which the word belongs. Learn to clearly distinguish an adverb from a noun with a preposition or an infinitive fromverb in the imperative form.
Syntactic skills
To correctly punctuate, learn to understand the composition of the sentence and highlight its parts. Correctly constructed scheme unionless proposal, will save you from a punctuation error.
If the student is able to parse the sentence by members completely, then this will help him in punctuation. The scheme will come in handy for proposals with different types connections. You also need to pay attention to the presence of turns (participial, adverbial), interjections, appeals.
Svetlana Pashukevich, teacher of Russian
Reading of books
Reading directly affects literacy. The more times you see a word, the more likely you are to spell it correctly. Even commas will fall into place intuitively if you have seen similar constructions in the text more than once.
By following these tips each time, it will be easier for you to remember the rules. The effort is worth it. In return, you get a high score on the CT, time saved to correct mistakes in important texts, respect for others and self-esteem.
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Memoirs of rules and definitionsThese "reminders" will help the child remember some school rules and definitions.
Geometry
A bisector is a rat that runs around the corners and divides the corners in half.
The median is a monkey, it goes around and divides the sides in half.
Pythagorean pants are equal in all directions.
Russian language
Cases: Ivan gave birth to a girl, ordered to drag a diaper!
We do not confuse dress-put on: They put on clothes, put on Nadezhda.
To memorize deaf consonants (very useful thing when parsing words phonetically): STEPKA, Do you want a schetz? Fi! (STPKHCHSHSCHTF)
Spelling
Ramrod, prim and blinders, seam, gooseberries and gluttons,
chocolate, highway, driver - that's the whole set.
Plural
In a children's fairy tale, Gingerbread Man could roll on the grass
no shoes, no boots, no socks and no stockings.
Six hectares of oranges, apples, pears and tangerines,
eggplant - five beds, not to collect tomatoes.
A person is respected by Turkmens, Tatars, Uzbeks,
among Tajiks and Armenians, among Mongols and Gypsies,
among the Yakuts and Tungus, among the Bashkirs and Belarusians,
among the Kirghiz and Georgians, among the Buryats and Ossetians
Unstressed vowels at the root of a word
If the letter vowel is in doubt - you immediately put it under stress!
***
In the city of Bordeaux, on Burgundy Street, the sunset is crimson and crimson.
***
Wind on the veranda. In the window of the Toy.
***
The troll walked along the pavement, the cat ate the cutlet.
The letter Y after C in the root of the word
The gypsy stood on tiptoe and poked at the chicken.
The gypsy tiptoed the chicken and said "Chick!"
Grammar
For the correct definition of the initial form of the verb: do not change the appearance, - do not lose.
***
The questions that adverbs answer are: where, when, where, from where, how, why and why.
Hyphen in indefinite pronouns
That, something, either, something - do not forget the dash.
***
Either, something, something, something, then, do not forget
Write with a hyphen, as a preposition with the word from. (because of, from under)
***
Something, either, then, something - don't forget the dash,
And particles, whether, would - you separately write down.
***
Or, something, something, something must be pulled off with a dash!
H and HH in adjectives
Onn, enn - write two N; en, yang, ying - write N one!
Adjectives with the suffix -YAN-: exceptions: look at the window to remember which adjectives spell double N: in the window glass glass, wooden frame and tin bolts and handles.
Adverbs for hissing - exceptions
I can't bear to get married.
Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word
It is terrible and dangerous to write the letter T in vain!
Everyone knows how lovely it is to write the letter T!
***
Interesting: not wonderful, not great,
And it’s terrible and dangerous to write the letter T in vain.
***
Chuvilin feels that they sympathize with him.
***
What a wonderful day today
The sun in the sky is festively burning,
Illuminates the area and surroundings,
And invigorates with the warmth of his heart,
But a cow lies in the pasture,
Brown eyes look sad
Because her shepherd is harsh
"Hello!" didn't say today.
Socks and stockings
Socks are short - the word is long: socks,
Stockings are long - the word is short: stocking.
Punctuation sequence
In order to remember correct order characters at the end of an interrogative-exclamatory sentence (?!), use the alphabetical principle. So: interrogative - exclamatory, since the letter P is in the alphabet before the letter C, then at the end of the interrogative-exclamatory sentence, you must first put “?”, And then “!”.
Conjugation of verbs
Drive, hold, look and see
Breathe, hear, hate,
And depend, and twirl, and offend, and endure -
You remember, friends,
You can't hide them on E.
To the second harness
We'll take it without a doubt
All verbs that -it,
Excluding shaving, laying.
And also: look, offend,
hear, see, hate,
drive, breathe, hold, endure,
And depend, and twirl.
***
Hear, see, hate,
And depend, and offend,
Drive, hold, endure, twirl,
And also breathe, look!
stress in words
We ate cakes for a long time - the shorts did not fit!
***
The bell ringer is ringing, the bell is ringing,
So that you can remember correctly.
Calls and speaks.
***
Fyokla is red, like a beet!
Baba Fyokla is in the garden, she has beets in her garden!
***
Emphasis in the word sorrel: they cut down a spruce, plucked a sorrel.
***
Don't say catalogue, just catalogue. What about cottage cheese? You can cottage cheese, and you can cottage cheese!
***
Phenomenon calls on Wednesdays, having accepted a contract for years.
He gave the airport's petition to the escort experts.
***
The stress in the word scarves:
Like our Martha has striped scarves!
***
I took flour and took cottage cheese - I baked a crumbly pie.
Double consonants
Number of C in the word art: 1/2. In the first place - one, in the second - two.
***
The swindler stole one H from the worker!
Alternating vowels at the root of a word
Collect, wash, bully - take a closer look:
If the name is Ira in the word, then the letter I is at the root.
***
If after the root - A, the root will always be And.
Here's an example, remember: Did you wipe your feet? - Wipe it!
***
Donkey rule IA (for roots with vowel alternation):
if behind the root A, write I at the root. For example, shine.
***
SKAK write the only way, SKOCCH without about write unbearable.
Members of the proposal
Questions answered by circumstances:
Seven questions - just a miracle,
They are easy to remember as: where? where? when? where? why? why? And How?
Spelling
Because of the rain, because of the storm
Instead of heat, the winds blew.
Because of this during the day, during the day
There is talk about the weather.
It's not about waiting for warmth,
How to write these words:
Thunder rumbled throughout the day,
A dam broke in the course of the river.
Keep in mind, I will not fix
I'd rather take part in the investigation
About this grammatical natural disaster.
I will learn later.
Words with the letter "yat" (analogous to "e")
b (e) ly, bl (e) bottom, b (e) bottom b (e) s
Ub (e) sting on the next (e) du in l (e) s,
L (e) shim by l (e) su he b (e) gal,
R (e) dkoy with xp (e) nom poob (e) gave
And for b (e) day that ob (e) d
Gave about (e) t over (e) to lay b (e) d.
Eat some more of those soft French buns and have some tea! - in this phrase, all the letters of the Russian alphabet.
Astronomy
To memorize star classes:
One Shaved Englishman Chews Dates Like Carrots.
remember the order of the planets solar system you can by the first letters of the words in the phrase:
We know that Yulia's mother took pills in the morning! (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto).
The order of the planets of the solar system by the first letters of the words:
The planets are easy to remember for the youngest kid, knowing Venus, Mercury.
An astrologer lived on the moon, he counted the planets.
Mercury - one, Venus - two, sir,
Three is Earth, Four is Mars
Five - Jupiter, Six - Saturn,
Seven is Uranus, Eight is Neptune.
Nine - farthest - Pluto,
If you don't see it, get out.
Mathematics
If you really try, you can immediately read:
Three, fourteen, fifteen, ninety-two and six.
You just have to try and remember everything as it is - three, fourteen, fifteen, ninety-two and six.
The square root of two can be remembered as follows:
1.4142135624 = I'm Tanya, I'm a fool, but I've found the root of the two. (Each number corresponds to the number of letters in the word.)
Product differentiation formula: d(UV) = U?dV + V?dU
An easy way to memorize the multiplication table for 9: put two hands on the table and raise the finger on the count by which 9 is multiplied. There will be tens before the raised finger, after one, this is the answer. For example: let's raise the fourth finger, before it there are three or three tens, after it there are six or six units, which means 4x9 = 36
Physics
The average speed of the thermal motion of a particle v=sqrt(3kT/m) is remembered as three cats for meat, (m is the mass of the Brownian particle, v is its speed, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, sqrt is the square root).
Chemistry
The red litmus indicator will indicate acid clearly! The litmus indicator is blue - the alkali is here, don't stand open!
Phenolphthalein in alkalis raspberry.
Aluminum, ferrum, chromium - their valency is three.
Sodium, potassium, silver are monovalent good.
Literature
The word DAMAN indicates on which syllable the stress falls in the three-syllable meters of the verse: Daktil - the 1st syllable, AMphibrach - the 2nd syllable, ANapest - the 3rd syllable.
About the sights of St. Petersburg
The author of the project of rostral columns, Strelka and Exchange - Thomas de Thomon.
Palace Square was adorned with the panorama of the Alexandrovsky Pillar - the creation of Montferrand.
The blue bridge is the widest, about a hundred meters. Check it out yourself.
One of the finest Peter's inventions is the Kunstkamera, the first Russian museum.
Islands. There are forty-two of them, and around - the Neva River.
Architect Rastrelli. Winter Palace. Baroque style is a beautiful crown.
Atlantes - marble guards - keep the masterpieces of the Hermitage.
Admiralty building glorious - the construction of the architect Zakharov.
Moyka is famous for its colored bridges: Yellow, Green, Red and Blue.
Vasilievsky island. From here, from the Harbor, the fleet sets off on a long voyage.
I think this will help:
step 1. open the tutorial
step 2.read the rule
step 3. read again
Step 4. 1. Write letters. A study conducted in 2008 at the University of Kyoto showed that if, before starting cramming, for 15-20 minutes, remember and write down your sad thoughts and the smallest troubles that occurred during recent times, learning efficiency will increase dramatically. The fact is that we a priori remember everything negative very well. And all the information that comes immediately after the epistolary outpourings, the brain, by inertia, will perceive it as “bad”, which means it will reliably fix it. Not the most fun method, but it really works.
2. Take care of nature. It turns out that the tradition of domestic students to prepare for exams in the country is very wise. Three years ago, psychologists from the University of Michigan found that contemplation of nature increases cognitive function by as much as 20%. By the way, it is not necessary to go to this very nature, you can just look at the photos for 5-10 minutes.
3. Scream louder. Words are remembered 10% better if they are shouted out. It is not necessary, of course, to yell at the whole house “cat!”, “Walk!”. It is enough to pronounce each word loudly and clearly several times.
4. Be expressive. Another tip for learners of difficult languages: sign all the words and phrases you are learning. Literally: if you learn the conjugation of the verb "jump" - jump. And if you need to learn a dialogue or a complex phrase, act out a skit. You will see, everything will be remembered amazingly quickly.
5. Listen to yourself. After learning some information, say it into the recorder. And when you fall asleep, quietly turn on this record - you just need to sleep under it. This is amazing effective way in order to consolidate already familiar, but poorly remembered things.
6. Don't sit still. Learn poems, textbooks, and reports as you circle the room. The fact is that walking activates the work of the brain, and your ability to memorize increases significantly.
7. Change the environment. If you need to prepare for two exams (or meetings) in one evening, do it in different rooms. The information that we remember under different circumstances is not mixed up in our heads.
8. Throw out words. A super way to learn a large amount of continuous text, for example, the words of a song or a report. Rewrite this text, leaving only the first letter of each word, and learn it by trying to remember these words. Naturally, at first you will have to look at the original, but in the end it will be enough for you to look at the truncated version and the text will instantly pop up in your memory. It is very convenient to take such a cheat sheet with you.
9. Sleep more. The longer you sleep after you have learned something, the better you will remember this information in the morning. And sleepless nights, on the contrary, significantly impair memory. It is better to sleep a couple of hours before the exam than to try to learn more "a couple of tickets."
10. Go in for sports! A lot of research has been done on this topic, and everything has been confirmed: aerobic exercise improves cerebral circulation and memory. Take up Fit-bo or dance before you sit down for books: you can memorize at least “Eugene Onegin”. Or at least the first stanza.
School students often wonder why they are asked learn the rules of the Russian language. They spend a lot of time memorizing, but often in vain, because the level of literacy does not increase from this. This is because the rules are not memorized "on the machine", they need to be understood and comprehended. This cheat sheet contains recommendations for students: how to learn a rule in 5 minutes (Russian language). It will talk about fast but the right way learning the rules of the Russian language.
Why you need to learn Russian
The study of the native language is in the first place in the school system of any country. Our native Russian language is given more time than other subjects. This is not surprising, because it can be studied throughout life and every time you discover new knowledge. Without a sufficiently extensive vocabulary and using them in the correct meaning, it is impossible to competently and logically build your thought. A diligent study of the subject makes it possible to understand the meaning of literary works. different eras up to the present, as well as to achieve an early understanding with the interlocutors.
How to quickly and permanently learn the rule in the Russian language
1. You should definitely tune in to memorizing the rule. You can’t do this hastily and with the devices that make noise and sounds turned on (tape recorder, TV, computer). You need to decide on the purpose of memorization: to teach only in order to answer the teacher or knowledge of the rule will come in handy throughout life.
2. The rule must be read thoughtfully, pronouncing all the words clearly. For the best result, be sure to delve into the meaning of what is written. Without knowledge lexical meaning words used in the rule is impossible. The words that are the main (key) ones should be underlined with a pencil or highlighted with a colored marker (if this is not a library textbook!). The underlined words will help when reproducing the rule from memory, as the visual form of memory will be involved. It can help to represent the rule as a graphic, understandable scheme or tables. This will take no more than 5 minutes.
Help in understanding the meaning of the rule can be reformulated (if possible).
If the rule contains several subparagraphs, then each of them should be considered separately. And when memorizing the content of all subparagraphs, you need to link them. Imaginative thinking and fantasy will help to learn the rule if you try to imagine a picture of what the rule says.
3. A new rule will be easier to learn if you connect it with previously studied material. Already studied information with new knowledge is better absorbed when compared.
4. The rules are usually illustrated with examples that you need to read and compare these samples with the information that explains the meaning of the rule. It is advisable to perform appropriate exercises to consolidate what has been learned. In the course of work, do not forget to repeat the rule, saying it out loud.
5. It is useful to retell the learned material to one of the relatives or to yourself (the textbook must be closed). You can also try this option: someone close to you reads the beginning of the rule, and you need to finish it. Or like this: answer under what condition it will be written or said correctly.
Love to mother tongue is instilled from childhood, and knowledge of the basics of spelling and speaking is necessary for every person. Without knowledge of the rules of the Russian language and the ability to apply them in practice, it is impossible to fully use the language as a powerful tool for communication between people.
Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages and the 6th total number carriers. Therefore, many seek to learn Russian for work and career prospects, some need it for education, and someone wants to get to know Russian culture better.
In this article, we will give you 10 good advice which will help in learning Russian and make this process interesting and exciting.
1 - Start with the simplest
The first step to learning Russian is to master its alphabet. Cyrillic, unlike Latin, is based on the Greek alphabet. Because of this, many letters, although similar, mean different sounds, and some are completely unique. So, for example, the Russian letter "Р" is similar to the English "R", and the Russian "Н" is nothing more than the English "N". If you devote enough time to the alphabet and the basics of phonetics from the very beginning, then further study of many aspects of the language will become easier and will move much faster.
Children's fairy tales are well suited for teaching reading, a list of them can be found on Wikipedia. They are written in simple and correct language and are easy to understand. Such reading will help you feel the basics of the language, learn how to build sentences beautifully and correctly. More complex things are best left for later.
2 - Repetition is the mother of learning
So says the old Russian proverb. Glue sheets with Russian names on pieces of furniture, appliances, dishes and everything that surrounds you in all places where you spend a lot of time: at home, in the office, in the car. This will help you always keep new words in front of your eyes and, over time, remember them without resorting to boring memorization.
3 - Record everything
Don't always rely on your memory. Especially if you are in another country and everything that surrounds you is often new phenomena. Always keep a notebook handy, or mobile phone, where you can quickly and conveniently take notes. At the end of each day, review your notes, among them there will certainly be something worth remembering.
4 - Always stay in touch
VKontakte is the Russian analogue of Facebook, which is much more popular than its older brother in many post-Soviet countries. Russian-speaking users are happy to make new acquaintances with foreigners, which can be very useful for language practice. Thanks to communication in social networks, you can quickly improve your knowledge of spoken language, and learn someone else's network culture. In addition, sometimes, friends and acquaintances during such informal communication can explain some phenomena and concepts much better than teachers.
5 - Cinema and music
For many the most interesting way learning another language is watching movies and listening to music. In the case of the Russian language, it will be a great help official channel of the Mosfilm concern, where all old Russian films are collected. The channel has a separate playlist with movies with subtitles.
Far From Moscow is a great platform where you can find a lot of Russian music from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other countries. All genres and directions are represented here, and there is a lot of content that can be legally listened to and downloaded.
These resources will help you not only improve your language skills, but also find new topics to talk with your friends.
6 - Read in Russian
Reading develops language skills very quickly. Try to read as much Russian as possible, such as news websites and Russian-language blogs. So you will improve your knowledge of the language and be able to delve deeper into the Russian mentality, culture and everyday life. In the end, it's just interesting to read how the same events are written about in different countries.
7 - Never turn down invitations
Russians sometimes seem not quite friendly and cold, but this is only until you find yourself at their house. If you were invited to a party, or just for tea, then be sure that you will be treated best food and share with you the most unusual stories. Such a lively and relaxed communication - great way improve your speaking skills, learn new things about the culture and make friends.
8 - Visit a Russian speaking country
Full immersion in the language environment is the most the right way start speaking fluent Russian. In the open spaces former USSR The Russian language is very common, it is not necessary to go directly to Russia - you can find cities in other countries where Russian will be one of the main languages of communication. Such a place can be found even in the European Union. For example, the city of Daugavpils in Latvia: for 80% of its inhabitants, Russian is their native language, and 96% of the inhabitants speak Russian fluently. In Daugavpils, standard modern Russian without any accent is used as the main language for communication, which makes this city a very attractive place to study it.
If possible, it is better to live not in a hotel, but in a family where the main language of communication is Russian. Many language training programs provide this opportunity. So you will never fall out of the language environment, and will be forced to speak Russian, which over time will definitely bear fruit.
9 - Find a companion
Finding an interlocutor for whom Russian would be native is not so difficult. You can use social networks, but if you are in a Russian speaking country, be sure to find someone to spend time with. This will not only help you make new friendships, but will also help you get involved in learning the language faster.
The main thing to remember is that if your goal is language, then you should not forget about the need to write down and memorize everything new. Analyze each time your meetings, learn new words and expressions. Thus, with each subsequent “lesson” you will feel more confident, which means you will be ready for more difficult things.
10 - Find a new hobby
Love to cook? Ask your friends to teach you how to cook some traditional dishes. Are you into music? Learn some traditional songs and some popular modern Russian songs. Dive deeper into Russian culture. This will make you an even more interesting conversationalist and allow you to better understand the Russian mentality. This way you can find faster mutual language with Russian-speaking people and you can get a much greater conversational experience.
Russian culture and language, which is an integral part of it, are incredibly interesting and, therefore, attract many. We are sure that the tips we have given you will simplify the process of learning Russian. If you are interested in learning this language courses, which provide a unique cultural experience and practice, be sure to read the information from our website. Do not be afraid of difficulties and learn Russian!
