Experiments for elementary school at home. Educational experiences for children. Egg in Vinegar: A Very Simple Experience

Every child has a desire to learn about the world around them. An excellent tool for this is experiments. They will be of interest to both preschoolers and children of primary school age.

Safety rules for home experiments

1. Cover work surface paper or polyethylene.

2. During the experiment, do not lean close to avoid damage to the eyes and skin.

3. Use gloves if necessary.

Experience number 1. Dancing raisins and corn

You will need: Raisins, corn kernels, soda, plastic bottle.

Course of the experiment: Soda is poured into the bottle. The raisins go down first, then the corn kernels.

Result: The raisins move up and down with the soda bubbles. But when they reach the surface, the bubbles burst and the grains fall to the bottom.

Let's talk? You can chat about what bubbles are and why they go up. Pay attention that the bubbles are small in size, and can carry along raisins and corn, which are several times larger.

Experience number 2. soft glass

You will need: glass rod, gas burner

The course of the experiment: the rod is heated in the middle. Then it is torn into two halves. A half of the rod is heated by a burner in two places, gently bent into a triangle shape. The second half also heats up, one third is bent, then a ready-made triangle is put on it and the half is bent completely.

Result: the glass rod turned into two triangles linked to each other.

Let's talk? As a result of thermal action, solid glass becomes plastic, viscous. And it can be made different figures. What causes glass to become soft? Why does the glass no longer bend after cooling?

Experience number 3. Water rises up the napkin

You will need: a plastic cup, a napkin, water, felt-tip pens

The course of the experiment: the glass is filled with water by 1/3 part. The napkin is folded vertically several times to form a narrow rectangle. Then a piece of about 5 cm wide is cut off from it. This piece must be unfolded to make a long segment. Then step back from the bottom edge about 5-7 cm and start making large dots with each color of the felt-tip pen. A line of colored dots should form.

Then the napkin is placed in a glass of water so that the lower end with the colored line is about 1.5 cm in the water.

Result: water quickly rises up the napkin, painting the entire long piece of napkin with colored stripes.

Let's talk? Why isn't water colorless? How does she get up? The cellulose fibers that make up paper napkin, porous, and the water uses them as a way up.

Liked the experience? Then you will also like our special material for children of different ages.

Experience number 4. Rainbow from the water

You will need: a container filled with water (bath, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.

The course of the experiment: a mirror is placed at the bottom of the container. The light of the flashlight is directed to the mirror. The light from it must be caught on paper.

Result: A rainbow will be visible on paper.

Let's talk? Light is the source of color. There are no paints and felt-tip pens to color the water, a sheet or a flashlight, but suddenly a rainbow appears. This is the spectrum of colors. What colors do you know?

Experience number 5. Sweet and colorful

You will need: sugar, multi-colored food paints, 5 glass cups, a tablespoon.

The course of experience: in each glass is added different amount spoons of sugar. One spoon in the first glass, two in the second, and so on. The fifth glass remains empty. In the glasses, put in order, pour 3 tablespoons of water and mix. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. The first is red, the second is yellow, the third is green, and the fourth is blue. Into a clean glass clear water start adding the contents of the glasses, starting with red, then yellow and in order. It must be added very carefully.

Result: 4 multi-colored layers are formed in the glass.

Let's talk? Large quantity sugar increases the density of water. Therefore, this layer will be the lowest in the glass. The least sugar is in the red liquid, so it will be on top.

Experience number 6. Figurines made of gelatin

You will need: a glass, a blotter, 10 grams of gelatin, water, animal molds, a plastic bag.

The course of the experiment: pour gelatin into 1/4 cup of water and let it swell. Heat it in a water bath and dissolve (about 50 degrees). Pour the resulting solution onto the bag in an even thin layer and dry. Then cut out animal shapes. Put on a blotter or napkin and breathe on the figures.

Result: The figures will begin to bend.

Let's talk? Breathing moisturizes the gelatin on one side, and because of this, it begins to increase in volume and bend. As an option: take 4-5 grams of gelatin, let it swell and then dissolve, then pour it onto glass and put it in the freezer or take it out to the balcony in winter. After a few days, remove the glass, remove the thawed gelatin. It will have a clear pattern of ice crystals.

Experience number 7. Hairstyle egg

You will need: an egg shell with a conical part, cotton wool, felt-tip pens, water, alfalfa seeds, an empty roll of toilet paper.

The course of the experiment: the shell is installed in the coil in such a way that the conical part is located down. Cotton wool is placed inside, on which alfalfa seeds are poured and watered abundantly. You can draw eyes, nose and mouth on the shell and put it on the sunny side.

Result: after 3 days, the little man will have “hairs”.

Let's talk? Soil is not required for grass to sprout. Sometimes even water is enough for sprouts to appear.

Experience number 8. Draws the sun

You will need: flat small objects (you can cut out figures from foam rubber), a sheet of black paper.

The course of the experiment: in a place where the sun shines brightly, put black paper. Place stencils, figurines, children's molds loosely on the sheets.

Result: When the sun sets, you can remove objects and see the prints of the sun.

Let's talk? Under influence sun rays black fades. Why is the paper dark in places of the figures?

Experience number 10. color in milk

You will need: milk, food coloring, cotton swab, dishwashing detergent.

The course of the experiment: a little food coloring is poured into milk. After a short wait, the milk begins to move. Patterns, stripes, swirling lines are obtained. You can add a different color, blow on milk. Then the cotton swab is dipped in dishwashing detergent and lowered into the center of the plate. Dyes begin to move more intensively, mix, forming circles.

Result: various patterns, spirals, circles, spots are formed in the plate.

Let's talk? Milk is made up of fat molecules. When the agent appears, the molecules are broken, which leads to their rapid movement. Therefore, dyes are mixed.

Experience number 10. Waves in a bottle

You will need: sunflower oil, water, a bottle, food coloring.

The course of the experiment: water is poured into the bottle (a little more than half) and mixed with the dye. Then ¼ cup vegetable oil is added. The bottle is carefully twisted and placed on its side so that the oil rises to the surface. We begin to swing the bottle back and forth, thereby forming waves.

Result: waves form on an oily surface, like on the sea.

Let's talk? The density of oil is less than the density of water. Therefore, it is on the surface. The waves are upper layer water moving due to the direction of the wind. The lower layers of water remain motionless.

Experience number 11. colored drops

You will need: a container of water, mixing containers, BF glue, toothpicks, acrylic paints.

The course of the experiment: BF glue is squeezed out into a container. A specific dye is added to each container. And then alternately placed in the water.

Result: Colored droplets are attracted to each other, forming multi-colored islands.

Let's talk? Liquids of the same density attract while liquids of different densities repel each other.

Experience number 12. We draw with a magnet

You will need: magnets different forms, iron filings, sheet of paper, paper cup.

The course of the experiment: place the sawdust in a glass. Put the magnets on the table and cover each with a sheet of paper. A thin layer of sawdust is poured onto the paper.

Result: Lines and patterns form around the magnets.

Let's talk? Every magnet has a magnetic field. This is a space in which metal objects move as the attraction of a magnet dictates. A circle is formed near a round magnet, since its field of attraction is the same everywhere. Why does a rectangular magnet have a different sawdust pattern?

Experience number 13. lava lamp

You will need: Two glasses, two effervescent aspirin tablets, sunflower oil, two types of juice.

The course of the experiment: glasses are filled with juice by about 2/3. Then sunflower oil is added so that three centimeters remain to the edge of the glass. An aspirin tablet is thrown into each glass.

Result: the contents of the glasses will begin to hiss, boil, foam will rise.

Let's talk? What reaction does aspirin cause? Why? Do layers of juice and oil mix? Why?

Experience number 14. The box is rolling

You will need: a shoe box, a ruler, 10 round felt-tip pens, scissors, a ruler, balloon.

Experience: a square hole is cut in the smaller side of the box. The ball is placed in the box so that its hole can be pulled out of the square a little. You need to inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. Then put all the markers under the box and release the ball.

Result: As long as the balloon is deflated, the box will move. When all the air is out, the box will drive a little more and stop.

Let's talk? Objects change the state of rest or, as in our case, uniform motion in a straight line, if a force begins to act on them. And the desire to preserve the previous state, before the impact of force, is inertia. What role does the ball play? What force prevents the box from moving forward? (friction force)

Experience number 15. false mirror

You will need: mirror, pencil, four books, paper.

The course of the experiment: books are stacked, and a mirror is leaning against them. Paper is placed under its edge. Left hand placed in front of a sheet of paper. The chin is placed on the hand so that one can only look in the mirror, but not at the sheet. Looking in the mirror, write your name on the paper. Now look at the paper.

Result: almost all letters are upside down, except for symmetrical ones.

Let's talk? The mirror changes the image. That's why they say "mirror image". So you can come up with your own, unusual cipher.

Experience No. 16. living mirror

You will need: a straight transparent glass, a small mirror, adhesive tape

The course of the experiment: the glass is attached to the mirror with adhesive tape. It is filled with water to the brim. You need to bring your face closer to the glass.

Result: The image is reduced. If you tilt your head to the right, you can see in the mirror how it leans to the left.

Let's talk? Water refracts the image, and the mirror slightly distorts.

Experience No. 17. flame imprint

You will need: can, candle, sheet of paper.

The course of the experiment: the jar must be tightly wrapped with a piece of paper and kept in a candle flame for several seconds.

Result: removing a sheet of paper, you can see an imprint on it in the form of a candle flame.

Let's talk? The paper is tightly pressed to the bank and does not have access to oxygen, which means it does not burn.

Experience number 18. silver egg

You will need: wire, a container of water, matches, a candle, a boiled egg.

The course of the experiment: a stand is created from the wire. The boiled egg is peeled, mounted on a wire, and a candle is placed under it. The egg is evenly turned until it is smoked. Then it is removed from the wire and lowered into the water.

Result: After a while, the top layer peels off and the egg becomes silvery.

Let's talk? What changed the color of the egg? What did it become? Let's cut it open and see what it's like inside.

Experience No. 19. saving spoon

You will need: Teaspoon, glass mug with handle, twine.

The course of the experiment: one end of the string is tied to a spoon, the other end to the handle of the mug. The twine is thrown over the index finger so that there is a spoon on one side and a mug on the other, and is released.

Result: The glass will not fall, the spoon, rising up, will remain near the finger.

Let's talk? The momentum of the teaspoon keeps the mug from falling.

Experience number 20. painted flowers

You will need: flowers with white petals, water containers, a knife, water, food coloring.

The course of the experiment: you need to fill the containers with water and add a certain dye to each. One flower should be set aside, and the rest should be cut off the stems. sharp knife. This must be done in warm water, obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees, by 2 cm. When moving flowers in containers with dyes, you need to pinch the cut with your finger so that they do not form air locks. After placing the flowers in containers with dyes, you need to take the postponed flowers. Cut its stem lengthwise into two parts to the center. Place one part of the stem in a red container, and the other in a blue or green container.

Result: water will rise up the stems and color the petals in different colors. This will happen in about a day.

Let's talk? Examine each part of the flower to see how the water rose. Are the stem and leaves painted? How long will the color last?

We wish you an exciting pastime and new knowledge while conducting experiments for children!

Experiments were collected by Tamara Gerasimovich

For the development of the child, it is necessary to use all possible means, including experiments for children, which prepared parents can conduct at home. This type of activity is very interesting for preschoolers, it helps them to learn a lot about the world around them, to take a direct part in the research process. The main rule that moms and dads should follow is the absence of coercion: classes should be held only when the child himself is ready for experiments.

Physical

Such scientific experiments will interest the inquisitive baby, help him gain new knowledge:

• about the properties of the liquid;
• about atmospheric pressure;
• on the interaction of molecules.

In addition, under clear parental guidance, he can easily repeat everything.

Bottle filling

Prepare your inventory in advance. You will need hot water, a glass bottle and a bowl of cold water(for clarity, the liquid should first be tinted).

The procedure is as follows:

1. Must be bottled hot water several times to warm up the container properly.
2. Pour out hot liquid completely.
3. Turn the bottle upside down and lower it into a bowl of cold water.
4. It will be possible to see that water from the bowl will begin to fill the bottle.

Why is this happening? The hot liquid filled the bottle warm air. Cooling down, the gas is compressed, as a result of which the volume occupied by it decreases, forming a medium in the bottle with reduced pressure. Water, acting, restores balance. This experiment with water can be done at home without any problems.

With a glass

Every kid, even at 3-4 years old, knows that if you turn over a glass filled with water, the liquid will pour out. However, there interesting experience capable of proving the opposite.

Procedure:

1. Pour water into a glass.
2. Cover it with a piece of cardboard.
3. Holding the sheet with your hand, carefully turn the structure over.
4. You can remove your hand.

Surprisingly, the water will not pour out - the molecules of cardboard and liquid will mix at the moment of contact. Therefore, the sheet will hold on, becoming a kind of cover. The child can also be told about atmospheric pressure, that it is both inside the glass and outside, while in the container it is lower, outside it is higher. Due to this difference, water does not pour out.

A similar experiment is best done over the pelvis, because gradually paper material get wet and liquid will drip.

Developmental experiments

There is a large number of really interesting experiments for kids.

Eruption

This experience is rightfully considered one of the most exciting and therefore loved by children. To carry it out you will need:

• soda;
• red paint;
• citric acid or lemon juice;
• water;
• some detergent.

First, you should build the “volcano” itself, by making a cone of thick paper, fastening it around the edges with tape and cutting a hole from the top. Then the resulting blank is put on any bottle. To look like a volcano, it should be covered with brown plasticine and placed on a large baking sheet so that the “lava” does not spoil the surface of the table.

Procedure:

1. Pour soda into a bottle.
2. Add paint.
3. Drop detergent (1 drop).
4. Pour in water and mix well.

To start the "eruption", you need to ask the child to add a little citric acid (or lemon juice). This is the simplest example chemical reaction.

Dancing worms

This simple fun experiment can be done with both preschoolers and younger students. Necessary equipment:

• corn starch;
• water;
• baking sheet;
• paints (food coloring);
• music column.

First you need to mix 2 cups of starch and a glass of water. Pour the resulting substance on a baking sheet, add paint or dye.

It remains only to turn on loud music and attach a baking sheet to the column. The colors on the blank will mix in a chaotic manner, creating a beautiful unusual spectacle.

We use food

To make an experiment - unusual, interesting for the baby and informative - it is not at all necessary to purchase sophisticated equipment and expensive materials. We invite you to get to know simple options available for execution at home.

with egg

Necessary equipment:

• a glass of water (high);
• egg;
• salt;
• water.

The bottom line is simple - an egg immersed in water will sink to the bottom. If you add table salt to the liquid (about 6 tablespoons), then it will rise to the surface. Such physical experience with salt helps to illustrate the concept of density to the baby. So, in salted water, it is more, so the egg can stay on the surface.

You can also show the opposite effect (which is why it was recommended to take a tall glass) - when added to a salted liquid, a simple tap water density will decrease and the egg will sink to the bottom.

invisible ink

A very interesting and simple trick that at first will seem like real magic to the baby, and after the explanation of the parents will help to learn about oxidation.

Necessary equipment:

• ½ lemon;
• water;
• spoon and plate;
• paper;
• lamp;
• cotton swab.

If there is no lemon, you can use analogues, for example, milk, onion juice or wine.

Procedure:

1. Squeeze citrus juice, add it to a plate, mix with an equal amount of water.
2. Dip the swab into the resulting liquid.
3. Write with it something understandable to the child (or draw).
4. Wait for the juice to dry, becoming completely invisible.
5. Heat the sheet (using a lamp or holding it over a fire).

Text or a simple drawing will become visible due to the fact that the juice has oxidized and turned brown when the temperature rises.

color explosion

The little ones can be happy fun experience with milk and paints, which can be easily carried out in the kitchen.

Necessary products and equipment:

• milk (preferably high fat);
• food coloring (several colors - the more, the more interesting and brighter it will turn out);
• dishwashing liquid;
• plate;
• cotton buds;
• pipette.

If dishwashing liquid is not available, it is acceptable to use liquid soap.

Procedure:

1. Pour milk into a bowl. It should completely hide the bottom.
2. Let the liquid stand for a while to bring it to room temperature.
3. Using a pipette, carefully drop several different food colors into a plate of milk.
4. Lightly touching the liquid with a cotton swab, you need to show the baby what is happening.
5. Next, a second stick is taken, dipped in detergent. It touches the surface of the milk, delays for 10 seconds. It is not necessary to mix colorful stains, a careful touch is enough.

Then the kid will be able to watch the most beautiful - the colors begin to "dance", as if trying to escape from the soap stick. Even if you remove it now, the "explosion" will continue. At this stage, you can invite the child to participate on his own - add dye, immerse a soap stick in the liquid.

The secret of experience is simple - detergent destroys the fat contained in milk, which causes the "dance".

With sugar

For children 3-4 years old, various experiments with food will be very interesting. The child is happy to learn about the new qualities of his usual food.

For this entertaining entertainment would need:

• 10 st. l. Sahara;
• water;
• food coloring in several colors;
• two spoons (tea, tablespoon);
• syringe;
• 5 glasses.

First you need to add sugar to the glasses according to this scheme:

• in the first glass - 1 tbsp. l.;
• in the second - 2 tbsp. l.;
• in the third - 3 tbsp. l.;
• in the fourth - 4 tbsp. l.

Add 3 tsp to each of them. water. Mix. Then you need to add a dye of your color to each of the glasses and mix again. The next step is to carefully take the colored liquid from the fourth glass with a syringe or a teaspoon and pour it into the fifth, which was empty. Then, in a similar order, colored water is added from the third, second and, finally, from the first glasses.

If you act carefully, colored liquids will not mix, but, layering on top of each other, will help create a bright unusual pyramid. The secret of the trick is that the density of water changes depending on the amount of sugar added to it.

With flour

Consider another interesting experience for children, simple and safe. It can be carried out as kindergarten, as well as at home.

Necessary equipment:

• flour;
• salt;
• paints (gouache);
• brush;
• sheet of cardboard.

Procedure:

1. In a small glass, mix 1 tbsp. l. flour and salt. This is a blank, from which in the future we will make paint of the same color. Accordingly, the number of such blanks is equal to the number of colors.
2. In each glass, add 3 tbsp. l. water and gouache.
3. With the help of paint, ask the child to draw a picture on cardboard using a brush or cotton swab, for each color.
4. Place the finished creation in the microwave (power 600 W) for 5 minutes.

The paints, which are the dough, will rise and harden, making the drawing voluminous.

Lava lamp

Another unusual children's experiment allows you to create a real lava lamp. After looking just once, even a novice researcher will be able to repeat the experience with his own hands, without the help of adults.

Necessary equipment and materials:

• vegetable oil(cup);
• salt (1 tsp);
• water;
• food coloring (several shades);
• glass jar.

Procedure:

1. Fill the jar 2/3 full with water.
2. Add vegetable oil, which at this stage forms a thick film on the surface.
3. Add food coloring.
4. Slowly pour in the salt.

Under the weight of salt, the oil will begin to sink to the bottom, and the dye will make the spectacle more colorful and spectacular.

With soda

To demonstrate to a child preschool age experiment with soda is perfect:

1. Pour the drink into a glass.
2. Dip a few peas or cherry pits into it.
3. Watch how they gradually rise from the bottom and fall again.

An amazing sight for a kid who does not know yet, peas are surrounded by bubbles carbon dioxide which brings them to the surface. Submarines operate on a similar principle.

With water

There are several cognitive optical experiments, which, for their simplicity, are very curious.

• The missing ruble

Water is poured into the jar, an iron ruble is lowered into it. Now you need to ask the baby to find a coin by looking through the glass. Due to the optical phenomenon of refraction, the eye will not be able to see the ruble if it is directed from the side. If you look into the jar from above, the coin will be in place.

• curved spoon

Let's continue to explore optics with a preschooler. This easy but visual experiment is carried out as follows: you need to pour water into a glass and lower a spoon into it. Ask your child to look sideways. He will see that at the border of the media - water and air - the spoon seems to be curved. Taking out a spoon, you can make sure that everything is in order with it.

The child should be explained that a ray of light is bent when passing through water, which is why we see a changed image. You can continue the water theme and lower the same spoon into a small jar. Curvature will not occur, since the walls of this container are even.

This biological experiment will help the child get acquainted with the world of wildlife, observe how a sprout is formed. For carrying out, beans or peas are needed.

Parents can offer the young botanist to moisten a piece of gauze folded several times with water, put it on a saucer, place it on a pea or bean cloth and cover with wet gauze. The task of the baby is to carefully monitor that the seeds are moistened all the time, check them regularly. After a couple of days, the first shoots will appear.

Photosynthesis process

This plant and candle experience is best for younger students who know that trees and grasses absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

The gist is this:

1. Carefully place burning candles in two jars.
2. In one of them put a living plant.
3. Cover both containers.

Observe that in a jar with a plant, the candle continues to burn, since oxygen is present in it. In the second bank, it goes out almost immediately.

Entertaining

We catch electricity. This small and safe experience may well be carried out with toddlers.

1. One inflated is placed on the wall balloon, several others lie on the floor.
2. Mom invites the child to put all the balls on the wall. However, they will not hold and fall.
3. Mom asks the baby to rub the ball on her hair and try again. Now the ball has been attached.

After that, you need to tell that the “miracle” happened due to the electricity that was generated when the ball was rubbed against the hair.

Another option for the curious is the foil experiment. It is done like this:

1. A small piece of foil should be cut into strips.
2. Ask the baby to comb her hair.
3. Now you need to lean the comb against the strip and watch. The foil will stick to the comb.

You can also demonstrate to the children the “Missing Chalk”. To do this, a piece of ordinary chalk is placed in vinegar. The limestone will begin to sizzle, shrink in size. After a while, it will completely dissolve. This is due to the fact that chalk, when in contact with vinegar, turns into other substances.

Experiments with preschool children are a great opportunity to develop their curiosity, to answer many questions in a clear and understandable way. In addition, by offering kids a variety of experiments, attentive parents will help them in early age outline your own interests. And the research itself will be a great and fun pastime.

August 2nd, 2015

Children are always trying to learn something new every day and they always have a lot of questions. They can explain some phenomena, or you can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works. In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn how to create different crafts, which they can then play with.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food coloring or watercolors

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (optional)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so that it can be placed on flat surface.

2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.

7. Add a full spoonful to the lemon baking soda. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

small capacity

4-6 chewable worms

3 tablespoons of baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup water

Scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.

1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops to a bowl of water clear varnish for nails. See how the varnish disperses through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar

When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it starts to "rain" - drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.

You will need:

warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food coloring

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. AT this example 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it "floats" on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.

6. Interesting experiences: ina bowl in which colors merge

You will need:

- a printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Transparent plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find a center polyethylene sheet and fold it like a balloon to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the "neck" of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass cup or bowl

plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

4. After freezing, move the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on top shelf and leave overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they are most likely to break or crumble immediately.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

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  How to equip the kitchen

  Each of us watched Hollywood films and certainly paid attention to the interiors there - spacious, functional and completely different ...

Scientific discoveries have given humanity a lot original ideas. In rainy weather or when bored, some of them will become great way have fun. We offer 10 cool experiments for review. They can be carried out at home even by children, but preferably under adult supervision. These experiments use elementary ingredients that are always in the kitchen. Simple but interesting tricks are based on the principles of chemistry, physics and biology. Well, let's get started!

What you need: raw egg, two bowls (or plates), empty bottle from water.

The progress of the experiment. Squeeze the bottle to release some of the air. Then bring its neck close to the egg on the plate, almost close. unclenched plastic container, you will see how the yolk is sucked into the bottle - together with air, it hurries to occupy the empty volume.

Why is this happening? After compression, part of the air was "squeezed out", which means that the pressure outside became greater. Thus, the air literally “pushes” the yolk into the bottle.

Experiment: Create Non-Newtonian Matter

What will be needed? Water, cornstarch, deep mixing bowl, food coloring. Put on old clothes so as not to get dirty and cover the table with oilcloth.

The progress of the experiment. Pour a glass of water into a deep bowl, then pour a glass of corn starch into the same place and mix everything well. Food coloring can be added if desired. Now slowly dip your hand into the mixture. As you can see, this is very easy to do. Do the same, but with effort - as a result, the substance will "repel" the hand.

Why is this happening? Oobleck is a non-Newtonian substance. Sometimes (for example, when it is poured), it manifests itself as a liquid. But! When you put pressure on the mixture, it behaves like a solid body, and on impact it can even act repulsively.

Soda and vinegar - instead of a pump!

What we need: regular vinegar, bottles with a narrow neck, balloons, baking soda.

The progress of the experiment. A mini-geyser is made according to a similar principle, but we slightly modify the well-known experiment. Pour into bottles of 50-100 grams of vinegar. Having made a roll out of paper, we lay one end of it in a balloon that needs to be inflated. Inside the other end of a kind of tube, we fall asleep 2-3 tablespoons of soda. Now you need to carefully put the balls on the necks of the bottles. Be careful not to spill the soda out of these rubber containers prematurely. The preparations are over, you can proceed to the most interesting. Pour the contents of the balls into the bottle and enjoy watching.

Why is this happening? Molecules of soda and vinegar instantly combine, and a powerful reaction occurs. As a result, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is produced, which inflates the balloon so much that it can even explode it.

Coloring flowers by capillary method

What you need: fresh white flowers (daisies and carnations are great, you can even use celery for lack of flowers), glass jar, food coloring, scissors. We also advise you to be patient, because you will see the full result of the experiment only after 24 hours. But after a while, you can watch how an amazing reincarnation takes place.

The progress of the experiment. Pour water inside the jar, add a dye of any color there. We lower the flowers into this liquid, and observe how the delicate white petals gradually turn into a different color.

Why is this happening? Water evaporates from the petals of the flower, so the stem absorbs the colored liquid from the jar. Gradually, the colored liquid reaches its petals.

Determining the amount of sugar in soda

What will be needed? Unopened cans of diet and sugary drinks, a large container of water (a bath will also work for this experience).

The progress of the experiment. Submerge soda cans in water. Not all of them will sink to the bottom. The ones left floating below the surface contain a lot of sugar. "Heavy" drinks can safely drink fans of diets.

What is the reason for this discrepancy? The density of regular and diet carbonated drinks is different, its value is affected by the sugar content. As a result, some jars flounder in the water, while diet drinks boldly go to the bottom.

magic pouch

What you'll need: Zipper bag, a pair of sharpened pencils, a glass of water. We recommend doing the experiment on the sink or bathtub, as the temptation to pull out the pencils after the experiment will be great!

The progress of the experiment. Fill the bag with water and seal. Then we quickly pierce it through with several pencils, in turn. As you can see, the holes did not even give a gap - the bag remained completely sealed.

Why is this happening? The tight bag with a fastener consists of flexible polymers. When punctured, the plastic surface is hermetically sealed around the pencil, so it does not leak.

Cleaning copper coins at home

What will we need? Darkened coins, 1/4 cup white vinegar, one teaspoon of salt, a glass of water, two bowls (non-metallic), paper towels. We recommend wearing goggles to protect your eyes.

The progress of the experiment. Pour water, vinegar and salt into a bowl. We put coins in the prepared solution. After a while, we evaluate the degree of their purification.

How it works? Acetic acid reacts with salt, which helps to clean copper pennies from copper oxide. Rinse the coins with water after the experiment, otherwise they will turn greenish. After clearing a dozen copper coins, do another interesting experience. Put a metal coin into the old solution. You will see the steel color change to yellowish. This happened because the metal attracted copper oxide molecules to itself.

flying ghosts

What will we need? An inflated balloon, ghosts cut out of tissue paper, and something to generate static electricity (your clothes or hair will do for this purpose!).

The progress of the experiment. We glue the paper figures at one end to the table with adhesive tape. Then we strongly rub the balloon on clothes or hair, and bring it closer to the lying silhouettes. Oh no! The ghosts have woken up and are trying to fly!

How it works? Rubbing a rubber ball against fabric or hair creates a negative charge on the surface, which attracts paper ghosts to itself.

The Dancing Raisin Experience

What we need: raisins, a bottle of mineral water, a transparent glass for drinking

The progress of the experiment. This experience is extremely simple. Pouring into a glass mineral water. We also add a handful of raisins there, and watch how it “dances” in a glass container.

Why is this happening? Tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide (CO 2) cling to uneven surface highlights. As a result, they become lighter and rise to the surface, where the bubbles burst. Then the raisins become heavy and fall back down, where they are again overtaken by CO 2 bubbles.

color milk painting

What will we need? Two plastic dishes, milk, food coloring, cotton swabs, liquid soap. Since we will be dealing with dyes, it is advisable to cover the clothes with an apron.

The progress of the experiment. Pour some milk into the bowl - just to cover the bottom. Then we drip a colored dye on its surface. Having dipped a cotton swab in liquid soap, we touch the epicenter of color blotches on the milky surface. Now we begin to draw surreal stains.

Why is this happening? Food coloring is not as dense as milk, so the droplets stick to the surface at first. But adding soap to the tip of a Q-tip breaks the surface tension of the milk by dissolving the fat molecules. The paint molecules move smoothly over the milky surface, starting from the soap layer.

Do these interesting experiments at home, with children or in a friendly company. You yourself will not notice how quickly time will fly by for this useful entertainment, and the inquisitive minds of young know-it-alls will board all new scientific peaks.

Paper, scissors, heat source.

This experiment always surprises kids, but to make it more interesting for two-year-olds, combine it with creativity. Cut out a spiral from paper, color it with your child so that it looks like a snake, and then proceed to “revive”. This is done very simply: place a heat source below, for example, a burning candle, electric stove(or hob), iron upside down, an incandescent lamp, a heated dry frying pan. Place a serpentine coil over a heat source on a string or wire. After a few seconds, it will “come to life”: it will begin to rotate under the influence of warm air.

For children 3 years old:rain in the bank

Three-liter jar, hot water, plate, ice.

With the help of this experience, it is easy to explain to a three-year-old "scientist" the simplest phenomena of nature. Pour hot water into the jar by about 1/3, hotter is better. Place a bowl of ice on the neck of the jar. And then - everything is like in nature - the water evaporates, rises up in the form of steam, at the top the water cools and a cloud forms, from which the real rain comes. In a three-liter jar, it will rain for one and a half to two minutes.

For children 4 years old:balls and rings

Alcohol, water, vegetable oil, syringe.

Four-year-old children are already thinking about how everything works in nature. Show them a beautiful and exciting weightlessness experiment. On the preparatory stage mix alcohol with water, you should not involve a child in this, it is enough to explain that this liquid is similar in weight to oil. After all, it is the oil that will be poured into the prepared mixture. You can take any vegetable oil, but pour it very carefully from a syringe. As a result, the oil appears as if in weightlessness and takes its natural shape - the shape of a ball. The child will be surprised to observe a round transparent ball in the water. With a four-year-old kid, you can already talk about gravity, which makes liquids spill and spread, and about weightlessness, because all liquids in space look like balls. As a bonus, show your child another trick: if you stick a rod into the ball and rotate it quickly, an oil ring will separate from the ball.

For children 5 years old:invisible ink

Milk or lemon juice, brush or pen, hot iron.

At the age of five, the baby probably already owns a brush. Even if he can't write yet, he can draw a secret letter. Then the message will also be encrypted. Modern children did not read the story about Lenin and the inkpot with milk at school, but it will be no less interesting for them to observe the properties of milk and lemon juice than for their parents in childhood. The experience is very simple. Dip the brush in milk or lemon juice (it is better to use both liquids, then the quality of the “ink” can be compared) and write something on a piece of paper. Then dry the writing so that the paper looks clean and heat the sheet. It is most convenient to develop notes with an iron. Onion or apple juice is suitable as ink.

For children 6 years old:rainbow in a glass

Sugar, food coloring, a few clear glasses.

Perhaps the experience will seem too simple for a six-year-old, but in fact it is worthwhile. painstaking work for the patient "scientist". It is good because the young scientist can do most of the manipulations himself. Three tablespoons of water and dyes are poured into four glasses: in different glasses - different colors. Then add a spoonful of sugar to the first glass, two spoons to the second, three to the third, and four to the fourth. The fifth glass remains empty. In glasses, put in order, pour 3 tablespoons of water and mix thoroughly. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. In the fifth glass remains pure water without sugar and dye. Carefully, along the blade of a knife, pour into a glass with clean water the contents of the "colored" glasses as the "sweetness" increases, that is, scientifically, the saturation of the solution. And if you did everything right, then there will be a small sweet rainbow in the glass. If you want scientific talk, tell your child about the difference in density of liquids, due to which the layers do not mix.

For children 7 years old:egg in a bottle

Chicken egg, pomegranate juice bottle, hot water or paper with matches.

The experiment is practically safe and very simple, but quite effective. The child will be able to spend most of it on his own, the adult should only help with hot water or fire.

The first step is to boil the egg and peel it. And then there are two options. The first is to pour hot water into a bottle, put an egg on top, then put the bottle in cold water(in ice) or just wait until the water cools down. The second way is to throw burning paper into the bottle and put an egg on top. The result will not be long in coming: as soon as the air or water inside the bottle cools down, it will begin to shrink, and before the novice “physicist” has time to blink, the egg will be inside the bottle.

Be careful not to trust your child to pour hot water or work with fire.

For children 8 years old:"Pharaoh Serpent"

Calcium gluconate, dry fuel, matches or lighter.

There are many ways to get Pharaoh Serpents. We will tell you about the one that an eight-year-old child can do. The smallest and safest, but rather spectacular "snakes" are obtained from ordinary calcium gluconate tablets, they are sold in a pharmacy. To make them turn into snakes, set fire to the pills. The simplest and safe way to do this is to put a few circles of calcium gluconate on a tablet of "dry fuel", which is sold in tourist shops. When burning, the tablets will begin to increase dramatically and move like living reptiles due to the release of carbon dioxide, so from the point of view of science, the experience is explained quite simply.

By the way, if the “snakes” of gluconate didn’t seem very scary to you, try making them out of sugar and soda. In this variant, a slide of sifted river sand impregnated with alcohol, and sugar and soda are placed in a recess at its top, then the sand is set on fire.

It would not be superfluous to recall that all manipulations with fire are carried out far from flammable objects, strictly under the supervision of an adult and very carefully.

For children aged 9:non-newtonian fluid

Starch, water.

This is an amazing experiment, which is easy to do, especially if the scientist is already 9. The study is serious. The goal is to obtain and study a non-Newtonian fluid. This is a substance that behaves like a liquid with a mild impact, and exhibits properties with a strong impact. solid body. In nature, quicksand behaves in a similar way. At home - a mixture of water and starch. In a bowl, combine water with corn or potato starch in a ratio of 1: 2 and mix well. You will see how the mixture resists when stirred quickly and mixes when gently stirred. Throw a ball into the bowl with the mixture, lower the toy into it, and then try to pull it out sharply, take the mixture in your hands and let it calmly flow back into the bowl. You yourself can come up with a lot of games with this amazing composition. And this is an excellent opportunity to figure out together with the child how the molecules in different substances are interconnected.

For children 10 years old:water desalination

Salt, water, plastic wrap, glass, pebbles, basin.

This exploration is best for those who love travel and adventure books and movies. Indeed, on a journey, a situation may occur when the hero finds himself on the high seas without drinking water. If the traveler is already 10 and he learns to do this trick, he will not be lost. For the experiment, first prepare salt water, that is, simply pour water into a deep basin and salt it “by eye” (the salt should completely dissolve). Now put a glass in our “sea”, so that the edges of the glass are slightly above the surface of salt water, but lower than the edges of the basin, and put a clean pebble or a glass ball in the glass, which will not allow the glass to float. Cover the basin with cling film or greenhouse film and tie the edges around the basin. It should not be pulled too tight so that it is possible to make a recess (this recess is also fixed with a stone or a glass ball). It should be just above the glass. Now it remains to put the basin in the sun. The water will evaporate, settle on the film and drain down the slope into a glass - this will be the usual drinking water, all the salt will remain in the basin. The beauty of this experience is that the child can do it completely on their own.

For children aged 11:litmus cabbage

red cabbage, filter paper, vinegar, lemon, soda, coca-cola, ammonia etc.

Here the child will have the opportunity to get acquainted with real chemical terms. Any parent remembers such a thing as a litmus test from a chemistry course, and will be able to explain that this is an indicator - a substance that reacts differently to the level of acidity in other substances. A child can easily make such indicator papers at home and, of course, test them by checking the acidity in various household liquids.

The easiest way to make an indicator is from ordinary red cabbage. Grate the cabbage and squeeze out the juice, then saturate filter paper (available at drugstores or wine shops) with it. The cabbage indicator is ready. Now cut the pieces of paper into smaller pieces and place them in different liquids that you can find at home. It remains only to remember which color corresponds to which level of acidity. In an acidic environment, the paper will turn red, in a neutral environment it will turn green, and in an alkaline environment it will turn blue or purple. As a bonus, try cooking "alien" scrambled eggs, for this, before frying, add to egg white red cabbage juice. At the same time, you will find out what level of acidity is in a chicken egg.