Cable penetrations: purpose, design, types. PUE: Wiring and cable lines. Laying Cable Through a Pue Wall How to Pass Cables Through Walls

When installing electrical wiring and cable lines, it is often necessary to solve the problem of how to pass a wire or cable through the outer walls of buildings and internal partitions. There are many requirements for the passage of electrical conductors through obstacles, and it is very important to comply with each of them, because this affects not only the convenience of repairing and replacing wiring, but also the safety of its use. In this article, we will tell you how the cable should be laid through a wall made of wood, brick and concrete in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Gasket Requirements

The requirements for this type of work are regulated by two main regulatory documents. The first source is the PUE, which should always be consulted when it comes to electrical installations. The second document is SNiP 3.05.06-85, which describes the standards for construction and installation electrical devices. Information on this issue is also contained in Federal Law 123, which formulates the requirements fire safety.

For the production of construction and installation work a corresponding project is required. If it is planned to lay a cable or wire through the walls, the project must contain an architectural and construction part. The openings that a wall or partition should have, through which wires and cables are supposed to be laid, must be indicated on the project drawings.

Openings (holes) in walls, partitions, ceilings and foundations, made in accordance with the project, should not be framed by weakened areas that can collapse during operation. In general, laying through walls should meet the following requirements:

• the laying should provide the opportunity to replace wires and cables during operation.
• when installing the wiring, it must be ensured that fire, smoke and moisture from one room to another cannot spread through the installation openings.

These conditions are met through compliance with the following rules:

1. Laying cables and electrical wiring through fireproof walls and ceilings is carried out in pipes, ducts or directly in openings. At the same time, in openings, without using additional protection, only protected (armored) cable can be laid. We talked about how to conduct electrical wiring in pipes in a separate article.
2. If the wall, partition or ceiling is made of combustible material, the laying of conductor products is carried out in steel pipes.
3. The space between wires and pipes or ducts, as well as all reserve openings and ducts, are sealed. We also talked about how to seal cable entry.

The material used to seal openings should be easily removable if necessary. The fire resistance of a sealant cannot be inferior to the fire resistance of a wall, partition and ceiling. Sealing with a sealing material is carried out on both sides of pipes, ducts, openings.

If the cable passes through the wall in a pipe segment, its bending radius, if any, should not exceed the allowable bending radius of the used conductor brand (this parameter is indicated in technical specifications).

Mounting technology

First, let's look at how to run a power cable or wire through a wall. wooden house or timber buildings.

The first step is to determine the entry point where the wall is drilled. The diameter of the hole is determined based on the thickness of the steel pipe into which the conductor will be placed. Before pulling the cable, its edges should be carefully filed to remove sharp burrs that could damage the insulation. For additional protection of the cable line, it is better to lay it in the corrugation.

After installation, the requirements for filling the pipe must be met. In this case, you can use an asbestos cord, wrapping it around the cable and tightly hammering it into the pipe on both sides. The photo shows a wooden wall and laying a power cable through it:

How to conduct electrical wiring through the wall and perform wiring, shown in the photo below:

1. The pipe is steel.
2. distribution box.
3. Asbestos cement lining.
4. cable channel.
5. Corrugation.
6. Asbestos cement lining.
7. Double socket.

For example, options are shown for how to run a cable through a brick wall:

The sequence of work is as follows:

1. AT brick wall an opening is being made required sizes.
2. A piece of corrugation (sleeve) is inserted into the prepared opening.
3. A heat-shrinkable seal is installed on the pipe.
4. The space between the sleeve and the opening is filled mortar.
5. A cable or wire is passed through the sleeve, previously placed in the corrugated pipe.
6. The space between the corrugation and the sleeve is sealed with one of the materials that meet the requirements of the rules.
7. By thermal action (for example, using a hair dryer), the seal shrinks, up to the complete sealing of the entry point of the electrical conductor into the sleeve.

If the wall is made of concrete, the technology is the same as for brick. The photo below shows an example of cable routing through concrete wall:

For industrial use of interest is the technology of inflatable cable sealing. The seal is an inflatable chamber made of metallized laminate. The cable line is wrapped with a sealant, on which a sealant is applied. Then the chamber is inflated, filling the passage, after which the helium valve is securely locked. How the passage is filled is shown in the photo:

That's the whole technology of laying a cable through a wall of wood, concrete and brick. As you can see, laying a line through obstacles is not particularly difficult, the main thing is to be familiar with the requirements for electrical installation!

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How and with what can cable passages be sealed and why?

About company » Questions and answers » How and with what it is possible to seal cable passages and why?

During the construction of new buildings and structures, during the reconstruction of old premises for various purposes, the projects necessarily provide for the conditions, requirements for the placement of communications for power supply in them. Main guidance document is PUE (rules for electrical installations). The employees of our electrical laboratory are well aware of these requirements, and have fulfilled them in practice more than once. Constantly monitor change modern requirements, study additions, SNiPs, GOSTs and others regulations.

The documents set out in detail the requirements, where and how, what cables and wires are laid. The requirements are described, which take into account many factors:

• fire safety;
• operating conditions and location of buildings, structures;
• production area in which electrical installations are involved;
• power and maximum current loads;
• types of wires and cables to be laid and many other details.

Basic requirements for cable passages through the wall

In paragraph 2.1.58 of the PUE it is said that in order to ensure the possibility of laying additional wiring or replacing the old one, cables and wires are laid through the walls in boxes or pipe cuts. To prevent the penetration of fire or water, the gaps between the cable and the pipe are sealed with refractory material, which, if necessary, is easily removed. The fire resistance of the filler must not be lower than the fire-resistant properties of the wall in which the cable passage is made.

Sections of SNiP 3.05.06-85 clarify many individual details and expand the capabilities of performers; the content refers to specific materials that seal cable passages. In addition, it defines specific cases that through walls made of combustible material, pipes in the passages must be metal or asbestos. Examples of the composition and proportions of the sealing mass for sealing cable passages are given:

• 1:10 cement and sand;
• 1:3 clay and sand;
• 1.5:11:1 clay-sand and cement;
• 2:1 gypsum and expanded perlite, other options;
• Red foam with a fire safety certificate.

The gaps between the sleeves for the passage of cables and the wall are sealed with cement mortar or concrete. In cases where the walls are not a fire barrier, these gaps can be omitted. When organizing cable passages through ceilings and walls, it is necessary to provide for the laying of backup pipes, metal, asbestos or plastic, depending on the conditions. In addition to pipe trimmings, industrial-made sleeves are used to pass cables and wires of different diameters through walls. Nuclear power plants use special sealed devices. As part of these structures are plates with grooves under different diameters cable.

Employees construction companies or the leaders of the organizations that operate the buildings may not always be able to correctly orient themselves when fulfilling many requirements. It is especially important to fulfill the requirements with high quality and with minimal cost, choose best option and materials for sealing gaps in cable passages, taking into account the conditions at your facility.

Thanks to the great practical experience and knowledge technical support on the high level the electrical laboratory can carry out quality checks. Our employees will tell you how, with what and why it is necessary to close the passages for cables, in each case, they will help you practically and arrange everything Required documents for the work done.

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Open electrical wiring indoors / PUE 7

2.1.52. Open laying of unprotected insulated wires directly on bases, on rollers, insulators, on cables and trays should be carried out: ¶

1. At voltages above 42 V in rooms without increased danger and at voltages up to 42 V in any rooms - at a height of at least 2 m from the floor level or service platform. ¶

2. At voltages above 42 V in rooms with heightened danger and especially dangerous - at a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor level or service platform. ¶

These requirements do not apply to descents to switches, sockets, starting devices, shields, wall-mounted lamps. ¶

In industrial premises, the descents of unprotected wires to switches, sockets, devices, shields, etc. must be protected from mechanical influences up to a height of at least 1.5 m from the floor level or service platform. ¶

In domestic premises industrial enterprises, in residential and public buildings these slopes may not be protected from mechanical influences. ¶

In rooms accessible only to specially trained personnel, the height of openly laid unprotected insulated wires is not standardized. ¶

2.1.53. In crane spans, unprotected insulated wires should be laid at a height of at least 2.5 m from the level of the crane trolley platform (if the platform is located above the crane bridge deck) or from the crane bridge deck (if the deck is located above the trolley platform). If this is not possible, then protective devices must be provided to protect the personnel on the trolley and crane bridge from accidentally touching the wires. Protective device must be installed along the entire length of the wires or on the crane bridge itself within the location of the wires. ¶

2.1.54. The height of the open laying of protected insulated wires, cables, as well as wires and cables in pipes, boxes with a degree of protection of at least IP20, in flexible metal hoses from the floor level or service platform is not standardized. ¶

2.1.55. If unprotected insulated wires are crossed with unprotected or protected insulated wires with a distance between the wires of less than 10 mm, then additional insulation must be applied to each unprotected wire at the intersection. ¶

2.1.56. When crossing unprotected and protected wires and cables with pipelines, the clear distances between them must be at least 50 mm, and with pipelines containing flammable or flammable liquids and gases, at least 100 mm. If the distance from wires and cables to pipelines is less than 250 mm, wires and cables must be additionally protected from mechanical damage at a length of at least 250 mm on each side of the pipeline. ¶

When crossing hot pipelines, wires and cables must be protected from high temperature or must be appropriate. ¶

2.1.57. When laying in parallel, the distance from wires and cables to pipelines must be at least 100 mm, and to pipelines with flammable or flammable liquids and gases - at least 400 mm. ¶

Wires and cables laid parallel to hot pipelines must be protected from high temperatures or must be of an appropriate design. ¶

2.1.58. In places where wires and cables pass through walls, interfloor floors or their exit to the outside, it is necessary to provide the possibility of changing the wiring. To do this, the passage must be made in a pipe, duct, opening, etc. In order to prevent the penetration and accumulation of water and the spread of fire in places of passage through walls, ceilings or exits to the outside, gaps between wires, cables and the pipe (duct, opening etc.), as well as reserve pipes (ducts, openings, etc.) with an easily removed mass from fireproof material. The seal must allow replacement, additional laying of new wires and cables and ensure the fire resistance of the opening is not less than the fire resistance of the wall (ceiling). ¶

2.1.59. When laying unprotected wires on insulating supports, the wires must be additionally insulated (for example, with an insulating pipe) at the points of passage through walls or ceilings. When passing these wires from one dry or wet room in another dry or damp room, all wires of one line can be laid in one insulating pipe. ¶

When wires pass from a dry or damp room to a damp one, from one damp room to another damp one, or when wires exit a room to the outside, each wire must be laid in a separate insulating pipe. When exiting a dry or damp room into a damp or outside building, wire connections must be made in a dry or damp room. ¶

2.1.60. On trays, support surfaces, cables, strings, strips and other load-bearing structures it is allowed to lay wires and cables close to one another in bundles (groups) various shapes(for example, round, rectangular in several layers). ¶

The wires and cables of each bundle must be fastened together. ¶

2.1.61. In ducts, wires and cables are allowed to be laid in layers with an ordered and arbitrary (loose) mutual arrangement. The sum of cross sections of wires and cables, calculated according to their outer diameters, including insulation and outer sheaths, should not exceed: for deaf ducts 35% of the duct cross section in the light; for boxes with opening lids 40%. ¶

2.1.62. Permissible long-term currents for wires and cables laid in bundles (groups) or multilayer should be taken into account with reduction factors that take into account the number and location of conductors (cores) in the bundle, the number and mutual arrangement bundles (layers), as well as the presence of unloaded conductors. ¶

2.1.63. Pipes, boxes and flexible metal sleeves of electrical wiring must be laid in such a way that moisture cannot accumulate in them, including from the condensation of vapors contained in the air. ¶

2.1.64. In dry, dust-free rooms, in which there are no vapors and gases that adversely affect the insulation and sheath of wires and cables, it is allowed to connect pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses without sealing. ¶

The connection of pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses with each other, as well as with ducts, electrical equipment cases, etc. must be performed: ¶

• in rooms that contain vapors or gases that adversely affect the insulation or sheaths of wires and cables, in outdoor installations and in places where oil, water or emulsion can get into pipes, boxes and sleeves - with a seal;
• the boxes in these cases should be with solid walls and sealed with solid covers or deaf, split boxes - with seals at the split points, and flexible metal sleeves - sealed;
• in dusty rooms - with sealing of joints and branches of pipes, sleeves and ducts to protect against dust.

2.1.65. Connection of steel pipes and ducts used as grounding or zero protective conductors, must comply with the requirements given in this chapter and Ch. 1.7. ¶

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Is it possible to lay the cable along the wooden walls in the country house and fix it with brackets? | Elcomelectro

About company » Questions and answers » Is it possible to lay a cable on wooden walls in a country house and fix it with brackets?

No, it is not permissible to lay and fasten the cable openly, on a combustible base, which also includes wood.

PUE p. 2.1.32. When choosing the type of wiring and the method of laying wires and cables, the requirements of electrical safety and fire safety must be taken into account. PUE p. 2.1.37. During open laying of protected wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm. If it is impossible to provide the specified distance, the wire (cable) should be separated from the surface by a layer of fireproof material protruding from each side of the wire (cable) by at least 10 mm. PUE p. 2.1.38. When laying hidden wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires in closed niches, in the voids of building structures (for example, between the wall and the cladding), in furrows, etc. with the presence of combustible structures, it is necessary to protect wires and cables with a continuous layer of fireproof material from all sides. PUE p. 2.1.39. In case of open laying of pipes and ducts made of slow-burning materials on non-combustible and slow-burning bases and structures, the clear distance from the pipe (duct) to the surface of structures, parts made of combustible materials should be at least 100 mm. If it is impossible to provide the specified distance, the pipe (duct) should be separated on all sides from these surfaces with a continuous layer of fireproof material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete, etc.) with a thickness of at least 10 mm. PUE p. 2.1.40. For hidden laying of pipes and ducts made of slow-burning materials in closed niches, in the voids of building structures (for example, between the wall and the cladding), in furrows, etc. pipes and ducts should be separated on all sides from the surfaces of structures, parts made of combustible materials with a continuous layer of fireproof material with a thickness of at least 10 mm. PUE p. 2.1.41. When crossing short sections of electrical wiring with elements of building structures made of combustible materials, these sections must be made in compliance with the requirements of 2.1.36-2.1.40.

PUE p. 2.1.58. In places where wires and cables pass through walls, interfloor ceilings or exit to the outside, it is necessary to provide the possibility of changing the electrical wiring. To do this, the passage must be made in a pipe, duct, opening, etc. In order to prevent the penetration and accumulation of water and the spread of fire in places of passage through walls, ceilings or exits to the outside, gaps between wires, cables and a pipe (duct, opening, etc.), as well as backup pipes (ducts, openings, etc.) .p.) easily removed mass from non-combustible material. The seal must allow replacement, additional laying of new wires and cables and ensure the fire resistance of the opening is not less than the fire resistance of the wall (ceiling).

Cable passages through walls and ceilings. The places where cables pass through ceilings, walls, fire-resistant partitions in cable tunnels must be carefully sealed with non-combustible material, while sealing is also performed around the cables passing through the nozzles. This is one of necessary measures, preventing the spread of fires in cable networks and the penetration of water into the building through pipes.

Normalized distances. The PUE defines the smallest allowable distances between the cable being laid and other cables, building foundations, green spaces, pipelines with flammable liquid, heat pipes, communication cables, electrified and non-electrified railways, tram rails, both when they are parallel and at intersections with them . The PUE also provides for protection measures when approaching these devices.

These limits are set in order to create normal conditions for the operation of cables and to minimize the harmful effects of any kind of devices on the cable. If we are talking about pipelines, then the minimum allowable convergence during parallel laying of 1 m is necessary so that the cable is not damaged during excavations related to the repair of the pipeline. For the heat pipe, the specified convergence is 2 m to minimize the detrimental effect of the heat generated by the heat pipe on the cooling conditions of the cable. Tram, electrified railways, subway lines are a source of propagation of stray currents in the ground, which, in the absence of proper protection, have a destructive effect on the armor and metal sheath of the cable. Therefore, the permissible approach to such structures is already 10 m, or, if this distance needs to be reduced, the cables are laid in insulating pipes (for example, asbestos-cement, impregnated with tar or bitumen). Thus, each approach and crossing restriction has its justification and must be observed when laying cables.

Industrial preparation of cables. AT recent times developed and implemented in a number of installation organizations a method of pre-preparation in workshops of measured lengths of armored cables. On the technological mechanized line, the cable is rewound from the factory drum to a special inventory drum with the required length measured on the cable meter; cable cutting and installation of terminations and couplings. The prepared sections of cables are tested with increased voltage, the cable cores are marked and colored, and the cable in the inventory drum is delivered to the facility for laying on the prepared route.

The main element of the technological line is an inventory cable drum with an electric drive, as well as a counting device, with the help of which the process of measuring and rewinding cables is mechanized. The inventory drum consists of a welded frame, inside of which a rotating drum is placed. On the side cheeks of the rotating drum, structures are provided for fastening couplings and end fittings. The electric drive is connected to the drum by a hinged shaft. Measuring device with a counter type SK-1 consists of a frame and a movable stand. Guide rollers and a copper disk connected to the cable meter are installed on the frame. The measuring disc, moving transversely on the guide studs, ensures the laying of the cable coil to coil. The lifting of the drum with the cable is carried out with a cable jack. Other assembly operations are also mechanized at the stand: rounding of sector cores, crimping of lugs and sleeves (PGEP press), welding and soldering with propane-butane torches, cable cutting with a stationary cable knife with a manual drive, marking of plastic tags with a special device, etc.

Industrial harvesting of cables reduces cable waste and overall labor costs, reduces installation time and improves the quality of installation of cable glands and terminations.

Open laying of unprotected insulated wires directly on the bases, on rollers, insulators, on cables and trays should be carried out:

1. At voltages above 42 V in rooms without increased danger and at voltages up to 42 V in any rooms - at a height of at least 2 m from the floor level or service platform.

2. At a voltage above 42 V in areas with increased danger and especially dangerous - at a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor level or service platform.

These requirements do not apply to descents to switches, sockets, starting devices, shields, wall-mounted lamps.

In industrial premises, the descents of unprotected wires to switches, sockets, devices, shields, etc. must be protected from mechanical influences up to a height of at least 1.5 m from the floor level or service platform.

In amenity premises of industrial enterprises, in residential and public buildings, these slopes may not be protected from mechanical influences.

In rooms accessible only to specially trained personnel, the height of openly laid unprotected insulated wires is not standardized.

2.1.53

In crane spans, unprotected insulated wires should be laid at a height of at least 2.5 m from the level of the crane trolley platform (if the platform is located above the crane bridge deck) or from the crane bridge deck (if the deck is located above the trolley platform). If this is not possible, then protective devices must be provided to protect the personnel on the trolley and crane bridge from accidentally touching the wires. A protective device must be installed along the entire length of the wires or on the crane bridge itself within the location of the wires.

2.1.54

The height of the open laying of protected insulated wires, cables, as well as wires and cables in pipes, boxes with a degree of protection of at least IP20, in flexible metal hoses from the floor level or service platform is not standardized.

2.1.55

If unprotected insulated wires intersect with unprotected or protected insulated wires with a distance between the wires of less than 10 mm, then additional insulation must be applied to each unprotected wire at the intersection.

2.1.56

When crossing unprotected and protected wires and cables with pipelines, the clear distances between them must be at least 50 mm, and with pipelines containing flammable or flammable liquids and gases, at least 100 mm. If the distance from wires and cables to pipelines is less than 250 mm, wires and cables must be additionally protected from mechanical damage at a length of at least 250 mm on each side of the pipeline.

When crossing hot pipelines, wires and cables must be protected from high temperatures or must be designed accordingly.

2.1.57

When laying in parallel, the distance from wires and cables to pipelines must be at least 100 mm, and to pipelines with flammable or flammable liquids and gases - at least 400 mm.

Wires and cables laid parallel to hot pipelines must be protected from high temperatures or must be of an appropriate design.

2.1.58

In places where wires and cables pass through walls, interfloor ceilings or exit to the outside, it is necessary to provide the possibility of changing the electrical wiring. To do this, the passage must be made in a pipe, duct, opening, etc. In order to prevent the penetration and accumulation of water and the spread of fire in places of passage through walls, ceilings or exits to the outside, gaps between wires, cables and the pipe (duct, opening etc.), as well as reserve pipes (ducts, openings, etc.) with an easily removed mass from fireproof material. The seal must allow replacement, additional laying of new wires and cables and ensure the fire resistance of the opening is not less than the fire resistance of the wall (ceiling).

2.1.59

When laying unprotected wires on insulating supports, the wires must be additionally insulated (for example, with an insulating pipe) at the points of passage through walls or ceilings. When these wires pass from one dry or wet room to another dry or wet room, all wires of one line can be laid in one insulating pipe.

When wires pass from a dry or damp room to a damp one, from one damp room to another damp one, or when wires exit a room to the outside, each wire must be laid in a separate insulating pipe. When exiting a dry or damp room into a damp or outside building, wire connections must be made in a dry or damp room.

2.1.60

On trays, supporting surfaces, cables, strings, strips and other supporting structures, it is allowed to lay wires and cables close to one another in bundles (groups) of various shapes (for example, round, rectangular in several layers).

The wires and cables of each bundle must be fastened together.

2.1.61

In ducts, wires and cables are allowed to be laid in layers with an ordered and arbitrary (loose) mutual arrangement. The sum of cross sections of wires and cables, calculated according to their outer diameters, including insulation and outer sheaths, should not exceed: for deaf ducts 35% of the duct cross section in the light; for boxes with opening lids 40%.

2.1.62

Permissible long-term currents for wires and cables laid in bundles (groups) or multilayered should be taken into account with reduction factors that take into account the number and location of conductors (cores) in the bundle, the number and relative position of bundles (layers), as well as the presence of unloaded conductors.

2.1.63

Pipes, boxes and flexible metal sleeves of electrical wiring must be laid in such a way that moisture cannot accumulate in them, including from the condensation of vapors contained in the air.

2.1.64

In dry, dust-free rooms, in which there are no vapors and gases that adversely affect the insulation and sheath of wires and cables, it is allowed to connect pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses without sealing.

The connection of pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses with each other, as well as with ducts, electrical equipment cases, etc., must be performed:

in rooms that contain vapors or gases that adversely affect the insulation or sheaths of wires and cables, in outdoor installations and in places where oil, water or emulsion can get into pipes, boxes and sleeves - with a seal; the boxes in these cases should be with solid walls and sealed with solid covers or deaf, split boxes - with seals at the split points, and flexible metal sleeves - sealed;

in dusty rooms - with sealing of joints and branches of pipes, sleeves and ducts to protect against dust.

2.1.65

The connection of steel pipes and ducts used as grounding or zero protective conductors must comply with the requirements given in this chapter and Ch. 1.7.

And cable lines often have to solve the problem of how to conduct a wire or cable through the outer walls of buildings and internal partitions. There are many requirements for the passage of electrical conductors through obstacles, and it is very important to comply with each of them, because this affects not only the convenience of repairing and replacing wiring, but also the safety of its use. In this article, we will tell you how the cable should be laid through a wall made of wood, brick and concrete in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Gasket Requirements

The requirements for this type of work are regulated by two main regulatory documents. The first source is the one that should always be consulted when it comes to electrical installations. The passage of the cable through the walls is mentioned in different paragraphs, for example, in paragraph 2.1.58. The second document is SNiP 3.05.06-85 (in clause 3.18), which describes the standards for the construction and installation of electrical devices. Information on this issue is also contained in the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ
"Technical regulation on fire safety requirements", Article 82, which formulates fire safety requirements.

For the production of construction and installation work, it is necessary to have an appropriate project. If it is planned to lay a cable or wire through the walls, the project must contain an architectural and construction part. The openings that a wall or partition should have, through which wires and cables are supposed to be laid, must be indicated on the project drawings.

Openings (holes) in walls, partitions, ceilings and foundations, made in accordance with the project, should not be framed by weakened areas that can collapse during operation. In general, cable routing through walls should meet the following requirements:

• the laying should provide the opportunity to replace wires and cables during operation.
• when installing the wiring, it must be ensured that fire, smoke and moisture from one room to another cannot spread through the installation openings.

Compliance with these conditions is ensured by observing the following rules:

1. Laying cables and electrical wiring through fireproof walls and ceilings is carried out in pipes, ducts or directly in openings. At the same time, in the openings, without the use of additional protection, only a protected (armored) cable can be laid. We talked about that in a separate article.
2. If the wall, partition or ceiling is made of combustible material, the laying of conductor products is carried out in steel pipes.
3. The space between wires and pipes or ducts, as well as all reserve openings and ducts, are sealed. We also talked about that.

The material used to seal openings should be easily removable if necessary. The fire resistance of a sealant cannot be inferior to the fire resistance of a wall, partition and ceiling. Sealing with a sealing material is carried out on both sides of pipes, ducts, openings.

If the cable passes through the wall in a pipe segment, its bending radius, if any, should not exceed the allowable bending radius of the used conductor brand (this parameter is indicated in the technical specifications).

Mounting technology

First, let's look at how to run a power cable or wire through the wall of a wooden house or log building.

The first step is to determine the entry point where the wall is drilled. The diameter of the hole is determined based on the thickness of the steel pipe into which the conductor will be placed. Before pulling the cable, its edges should be carefully filed to remove sharp burrs that could damage the insulation. For additional protection of the cable line, it is better to lay it in the corrugation.

After installation, the requirements for filling the pipe must be met. In this case, you can use an asbestos cord, wrapping it around the cable and tightly hammering it into the pipe on both sides. The photo shows a wooden wall and laying a power cable through it:

How to conduct electrical wiring through the wall and perform wiring, shown in the photo below:

1. The pipe is steel.
2. distribution box.
3. Asbestos cement lining.
4. cable channel.
5. Corrugation.
6. Asbestos cement lining.
7. Double socket.

For example, options are shown for how to run a cable through a brick wall:

The sequence of work is as follows:

1. An opening of the required size is made in the brick wall.
2. A piece of corrugation (sleeve) is inserted into the prepared opening.
3. A heat-shrinkable seal is installed on the pipe.
4. The space between the sleeve and the opening is filled with mortar.
5. A cable or wire is passed through the sleeve, previously placed in the corrugated pipe.
6. The space between the corrugation and the sleeve is sealed with one of the materials that meet the requirements of the rules.
7. By thermal action (for example, using a hair dryer), the seal shrinks, up to the complete sealing of the entry point of the electrical conductor into the sleeve.

If the wall is made of concrete, the technology is the same as for brick. The photo below shows an example of laying a cable through a concrete wall:

For industrial use, the technology of inflatable cable sealing is of interest. The seal is an inflatable chamber made of metallized laminate. The cable line is wrapped with a sealant, on which a sealant is applied. Then the chamber is inflated, filling the passage, after which the helium valve is securely locked. How the passage is filled is shown in the photo:

That's the whole technology of laying a cable through a wall of wood, concrete and brick. As you can see, laying a line through obstacles to an apartment or house is not particularly difficult, the main thing is to be familiar with the requirements for electrical installation!

6.5 In places where openly laid and protected cables pass through building construction, cable penetrations should be provided with a fire resistance limit not lower than the fire resistance limit of these structures (Article 82 TR), providing the required smoke and gas tightness (clause 37 of PPB 01-03) and corresponding to the requirements of GOST R 50571.15 and 2.1 PUE.
To do this, in places where pipes with cables pass:
-- through fire walls, ceilings and partitions with a rated fire resistance limit or their exit to the outside in rooms with a normal environment, lay electrical circuits in pipe sections for electrical wiring, smooth, made of PVC D = 25 (clause 3.18 of SNiP 3.05.06-85 * ). Seal gaps between cables and pipe cable glands for pvc pipes. Sealing should be done on each side of the pipe;
- through building structures with a non-standardized fire resistance limit, lay electric circuits in pipes corrugated pvc d=16. Seal the gaps between the cables and the pipe with TFLEX plugs.
Through combustible walls and partitions - in steel pipes (clause 3.18 of SNiP 3.05.06)
When passing through floors, the cable at the passage point is protected from mechanical damage by casings or boxes to a height of 2 m from the floor.
- for the passage of single cables through the walls between industrial premises with an explosive zone class - 2 (according to TRoTPB) and V-1a (according to PUE) and rooms with a normal environment, use steel water and gas pipes according to GOST 3262-75 and pipe cable glands, installed from the side of the room with an explosive zone of more than high class. The gaps between pipes and cables must be sealed with asbestos cord SHAON - 3.0 (according to GOST 1779-83) to a depth of 100-200 mm from the end of the pipe, with a total thickness that ensures fire resistance of building structures. See sheet 16 of the RF project for the execution of single cable penetrations.
--for cable assembly to pass through walls industrial premises with a class of explosive zone - 2 (according to TRoTPB) and V-1a (according to PUE), use solution universal cable penetrations designed for fire protection of cable line passages and consisting of:
- sealing flame retardant composition Formula KP - for sealing cable passage points;
- flame retardant composition Phoenix CE - for additional fire retardant treatment of cables;
- embedded parts - straight all-metal perforated tray LM 500x50.
Installation of cable penetrations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements technological regulations TRP-10/06 and "Recommendations for the installation and operation of cable fire penetrations type KP" (R5.04.067.10) RUE "Stroytekhnorm".

The places where pipes pass through building structures should be sealed with fireproof materials (mortar, cement with sand by volume 1:10, clay with sand - 1:3, clay with cement and sand - 1.5:1:11, expanded perlite with building gypsum - 1: 2 or other non-combustible materials) over the entire thickness of the wall or partition immediately after laying cables or pipes (SNiP 3.05.06-85, clause 3.65). Gaps in passages through walls may not be sealed if these walls are not fire barriers.
- cable entry from trenches into buildings is carried out through sections of concrete, reinforced concrete or asbestos-cement pipes or through holes in reinforced concrete structures.
- the ends of the pipes should protrude beyond the walls of the building into the trench by at least 0.6 m (Fig. 1). When removing cables from the ground and climbing the wall, they are protected from mechanical damage by a pipe, angle, channel or box to a height of 2 m (Fig. 2).
-- passages through wooden walls and partitions are made in segments of steel or asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm, protruding on both sides of the wall or ceiling by 50 mm, or through a fireproof seal measuring 150x150 mm.