There are many articles on the Internet about installation log house or bathhouses made of logs, with rules - how to fasten logs and this or that unit, with what dimensions and tolerances this must be done, and what defects are acceptable and which are not. However, almost all of them are without a normative basis. There are numbers like: “the gap can be no more than 5 mm,” but it is not entirely clear where these values ​​​​come from. Let's try to figure out what specific rules and regulations are for log houses and log houses exist and how to correctly evaluate the quality of construction and materials used.

Firstly, it should be noted that, unfortunately, there is simply no specific SNiP for log houses, therefore the basic standards and tolerances are taken from other general SNiPs and GOSTs, and installation should be carried out according to the rules established by many years of experience and qualified and experienced carpenters should be hired for this .

First of all, when ordering a log house, a project must be developed. It is the lack of a project that is the main mistake of many customers and buyers of logs. A construction company or private entrepreneur is limited to one sketch by hand. As a result, this leads to the fact that the final result is much different from what he expected or expected. Therefore, it is better not to save, because in the future, the project will be the main document that you can refer to if any shortcomings or defects are discovered. As a last resort, the construction company should have a standard project, which it must provide at the request of the customer. Naturally, the presence of such standard project you need to be interested first.

Protection wooden structures against corrosion caused by exposure to biological agents, provides antiseptic, preservation, coating paint and varnish materials or surface impregnation with complex action compounds.

The next thing that you should pay very important attention to is that freshly cut wood has shrinkage, and taking this into account, it is necessary to dry the logs so that maximum humidity was no more than specified in Clause 2.2. and with a reserve for draft, according to

clause 5.15. Paving stones and log walls should be collected with allowance for settlement caused by drying out of the wood and shrinkage of the material for sealing joints. The margin should be 3-5% of the design height of the walls.

If you do not follow this, you may experience large gaps between beams, in window and door blocks, at the junctions structural elements. All cracks between the logs must be carefully caulked, otherwise winter period there will be drafts, and the heat in the house will not stay. Heat losses are also often recorded in the areas of window and door blocks, which, together with the opening, are recommended to be made tongue-and-groove or to achieve tight contact, and also to be carefully caulked.

There is also such gross defect, as a “break” of a beam, usually at the junction of logs and structural elements, and is associated mainly with a very deep notch (more than half of the log) and the curvature of the log (support is not over the entire surface), according to SNiP II-25-80 Wooden designs

clause 5.11. The length of the shearing plane of frontal cuts should be taken to be at least 1.5h, where h is full height sections of the sheared element. The cutting depth should be no more than 1/4 h in intermediate nodes of through structures, and no more than 1/3 h in other cases. At the same time, the cutting depth h1 in beams should be at least 2 cm, and in round timber - not less than 3 cm

P.2 .2. The strength of the wood must be no lower than the standard resistances given in the appendix. 2.

When installing wooden columns, there are such defects as their deviation from the centers of beams or axes and the presence of cracks or bars - supports, if the dimensions are not observed or if they are installed without a reserve for shrinkage. According to SNiP II-25-80 Wooden structures P.6 .10.

6.10. Elements of wooden structures should be centered at nodes, joints and on supports, except for cases where the eccentric connection of elements reduces the bending moment acting in the design section.

5.11. When installing wooden columns, racks, etc., as well as when joining their elements, it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the mating structure are tightly connected. The gap in the joints at one edge should not exceed 1 mm. Through gaps are not allowed.

Maximum deviation from the center, according to SNiP 3.03.01-87 LOAD-LOADING AND ENCLOSING STRUCTURES clause 4.65, table 14

Displacement of the axes of columns and supports relative to the alignment axes in the reference section - 5 mm

In addition to all of the above, it should be noted that the acceptance of structures should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 BEARING AND ENCHLOGING STRUCTURES, in accordance with clause 5.1.

Acceptance of wooden structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section. 1 and 5. When accepting laminated timber structures, the requirements of GOST 20850-84 should also be taken into account. Structures that have or have received defects and damage during transportation and storage, the elimination of which is not allowed under construction site conditions (for example, delamination adhesive joints, through cracks, etc.), it is prohibited to install until the conclusion of the design organization-developer. In conclusion, a decision is made on the possibility of application, the need to strengthen damaged structures or replace them with new ones.

Although shrinkage cracks are allowed by code, you need to make sure that water does not accumulate in them, as well as in any other cracks. And, if necessary, seal them with a special wood putty.

In conclusion I would like to note that if the construction team performed the log house poorly, then other construction and installation works (such as the quality of installation of the foundation, roof structures, etc.) drainage system, insulation and finishing works) will most likely have defects and violations of standards. If construction company(or individual) is incompetent in this type of construction, then at the first defects seen, it is better to immediately refuse its services, because in the end you will have to spend time and money on eliminating defects and defects, and moreover, most likely, architectural and aesthetic defects will remain.

Defects recorded in the photo:

The rafter legs are made of old, unbarked boards. In the area where the pipe passes, the rafter leg is cut off and tied together with boards from the lining. Underneath everyone rafter legs supports made of bars were installed. Peeling of clapboard boards. Discrepancy of platbands. The cornice partially does not go into the gutter (there are gaps). Window blocks performed at different levels.

During the debate that flared up after the publication of the article “Ours in America,” a reader contacted the site’s editor who wanted to talk about his personal experience. Vyacheslav has been living with his family in a house made of solid logs for four years. And according to him, if he knew all the “nuances” at the time of choosing the material, he would build a house from bricks or blocks. Below in the text is his personal “Top reasons why you should not build a log house.” To maintain authenticity, we left the text almost unchanged, making only light stylistic changes.

Why did we want a wooden house?

1. Once we saw with our own eyes a house made of logs - we immediately liked it, it looked very beautiful, we wanted one for ourselves.

2. For practical reasons: initially it was assumed that we would come on weekends, heat the solid fuel boiler and quickly warm up the house (the concept changed during the construction process).

3. Environmental friendliness: I wanted the house to breathe easily and smell like a pine forest. I really liked it traditional concept life in a private house: wooden frame, grass near the house, forest nearby, etc.

house in summer

Start of construction

rear view

Here we managed to learn a little from the mistakes of others. A friend of mine, in order to save money, purchased the timber himself. As a result, a timber truck came to him, the cutters selected suitable logs, half of the timber truck went back... In the end, 120 cubic meters his timber turned into 200. I worked with contractors who sorted the wood at their base, and brought to the site only what was actually used for work.

view from the yard

Initially, I was not worried about the construction process, since I trusted the contractors. During the work, they still made some mistakes in some places, but not much (more on that below). The logs were laid on moss. They chopped and hewed - by hand. After they made the “box” with the roof, the house stood for a year.

from the entrance

Of the interesting things in the construction process, I can note the discrepancy actual sizes rooms to their visual perception until the moment of covering the floors. I personally measured the 19-meter kitchen with a tape measure, because visually it seemed that there were 7-8 meters there. And so - with all the rooms.

Finishing

The most interesting thing began at this stage. Firstly, the house needs to be sanded ENTIRELY on both sides. This work is tedious and expensive - prices for work can be looked up on the Internet, four years ago it cost us a pretty penny (375 sq. m. at $5 per 1 sq. m.). Moreover, when estimating the area of ​​work, the bend of the log is added to the formula “height by length” - the area increases.

upper plinth - adjustable to curves

Then - impregnation ($0.7 per 1 sq.m.). Then - painting in one layer. Then - to the second (both - $1 per 1 sq.m.). Moreover, so that the materials fit well, the house must be painted by hand(which stretches the process over time). After all these procedures, the question of a “breathing house” and “the smell of pine” disappeared by itself.
We didn’t make a basement, so our foundation is simple: PGS pad, insulation, concrete. The builders who poured the floor did not completely cut out the lower logs in doorways. As a result, a year later it “broke” in these places floor tiles(ceramic granite). I had to remove the entire damaged tile, cut out more logs, and pour a new floor. This turned out to be easier than somehow cutting out the laid tiles - not every tile cutter takes porcelain tiles.

a crack in the tile remains in the doorway

Added to the “pleasant” aspects of finishing are regular finishing off moss, stolen by birds, and sealing seams with sealant. This work is long, expensive and dreary. Fortunately, in the Republic of Belarus there is a sealant manufacturer that offers products at reasonable prices. If he missed the mark with imported ones, he would go to hell.

Laying communications in a log house it also becomes a problem. Embedding a socket into a round log is quite a task (and the corresponding “tariff”). You can't hide the pipes inside. Attaching a plinth to an uneven log is also not an easy task, you will have to “think about it” and work with your hands.

plinth - strip + mastic

Due to the long-term shrinkage of the house, doors and windows were inserted into a frame made of boards. If you try to bet on a “live log”, the risk of getting it “sideways” increases significantly. Like risk of damaging the door or window. But even this “trick” did not help us personally: in 4 years of operation, the doors were adjusted twice. And some windows still siphon.

Home maintenance

box for the kitchen (on the left against the wall)

The house is constantly “breathing”. When the heating works, when it doesn’t, everything moves. To hang the kitchen, it was necessary to build a metal frame, cover it with plasterboard, and only attach the kitchen to it. Otherwise, no way. So beloved by our citizens sliding wardrobes it is absolutely impossible to establish - there is nothing to “attach” to, and the wall and ceiling live their own lives. The staircase, which was “tied” to the wall, eventually became warped and the railing was torn out.

instead of a wardrobe...

Any decorative boxes, covering communications, turn into a work of art - they need to be somehow combine with a log wall, and this process turns into jewelry fitting with a construction cutter in hand.

The joints sealed with sealant were sealed twice in 4 years. Doesn't matter - cracks appear. Wooden floor on the 2nd floor it is also drying out, there are also cracks there, and this is inevitable.

crack between logs

In autumn mice get into the house, in the gap between the lower log and the foundation. It is not yet possible to block this road for them, since the interface line is very uneven. And if on the main “animal trails” this phenomenon can be “nullified” with the help of poison and mousetraps, then when mice frolic between the logs without “visiting”, nothing can be done with them. Just curse it.

Also between logs every year wasps make their nests. The issue is resolved with the help of Dichlorvos. But it still has to be decided.

In autumn and early winter, the second floor is a kingdom of flies. First flies get stuck in the cracks for the winter. Then the house becomes warm - and they climb inside. We have not yet come up with any other means against this brethren except a vacuum cleaner.

And we also - best friends sellers of Tikkurila paint. There needs touching up, here you need to tint: steps, joints, terrace. They didn’t keep accurate records of production, but a lot of buckets of paint were purchased over 4 years.

In the spring, when the pine tree (and then the birch tree) blooms, all the house is covered yellow pollen. Moreover, in a thick layer. On level ground vertical wall there simply wouldn’t be so much of it accumulated. This issue is resolved by washing the walls with a jet from a Karcher. But again it needs to be resolved.

Bath

Inside the house dust accumulates on the bend of the logs. Here already universal remedies no - dust can only be removed manually, the old fashioned way.

Sometimes spontaneous, inexplicable bursts of life happen inside the house - some bugs, midges, insects appear, but I have not installed any system here yet.

In the bathhouse, near the guest bed, some kind of perky creature lives in a log, crunching the log all night. It is not possible to find and kill her.

And finally - about the famous “winter” forest. My house was cut down from February. The bathhouse is from August. I still haven't noticed a difference.

Price issue

Considering all of the above, such housing cannot be called cheap. House total area 240 sq. m. (with a small attic floor) cost me $40,000 only at the first stage: foundation, frame and roof. Then the project grew, we also built an outbuilding, a bathhouse from the same “round timber,” and landscaped the area and the street next to the house. All this (including materials, finishing, windows, doors and geothermal boiler) cost us a total of $180,000.

shrinkage to the roof

Conclusion: What we got for this torment is very beautiful house. And some kind of indescribable pleasure from the feeling of a thick, uneven log, its rough appearance, rich texture... Friends who began to build across the site from mine listened to approximately the same text, my complaints and advice to build from blocks. And in the end... the log house was also cut down. Here, of course, everyone decides for themselves. But I gave you fair warning.

Interviewed by: Dmitry Malakhov

Despite the development of the construction industry, natural wood was and remains one of the most popular and environmentally friendly materials for housing construction.

Today, residential buildings made from treated logs are extremely popular. in different ways. When choosing what timber your dream home will be built from, consider the advantages and disadvantages of each log.

Rounded log

A distinctive feature of such logs is the correct shape of the material. Such evenness is achieved by carefully processing the wood on a machine. Thanks to their ideal smoothness, the logs can easily be adjusted to each other, allowing you to quickly and efficiently set up the process.

Pros:

• In addition to its undoubted practical advantages, the rounded log looks great in the finished product, allowing you to emphasize the refined and unobtrusive beauty of natural wood.
• The ability of such logs to breathe without letting in any excess moisture, neither cold is another undoubted advantage of this material.

Cons:

• Ideal smoothness and correct form have another side to the coin. Unprotected wooden fibers are unusually vulnerable to natural disasters, which means that, despite treatment, the material will deteriorate under the influence of external factors.
• The characteristic shrinkage that occurs in houses made of rounded logs can last at least a year. During this period it is not recommended to carry out interior decoration premises, which also causes some inconvenience to the owners.

Hand-cut log

The technology of this method of processing logs has been known for hundreds of years. Hand-hewn log, except high quality material, saturated with the energy of a craftsman who puts his own skill and labor into the tree. Despite the similarity with rounded material, hand-hewn logs are unique in their own way.

Pros:

• Manual processing does not disturb the structure and uniformity of the tree trunk, which means that in operation this material is much more practical and durable than the rounded version.
• The original appearance of the premises made from this material is as close as possible to the houses of our ancestors, built 100, or even 200 years ago. Fans of the ethno-style note the high sophistication and powerful national flavor of such houses.
• Economical use of material. When producing blanks for a house by hand, the carpenter removes from the surface of the log exactly as much wood as is necessary to tightly join the two logs.

Cons:

• Due to the fact that there may be gaps between the logs different widths, similar house It is recommended to caulk especially carefully.
• Like any handmade, manual cutting costs much more than factory production, unless, of course, you yourself are a recognized master in this industry.

The Eco-Tech company offers to its customers wide choice materials for construction, as well as highly qualified specialists who can bring your bold project to life. By choosing Eco-Tech, you choose quality, reliability and impeccable taste.

Among all the diversity wood materials It is hewn logs that often become the basis of modern private houses. Why? The answer lies in the features and properties of the material itself that are achieved during the processing process.

Unlike rounded logs, hewn options do not have an absolutely identical shape, which has a positive effect on appearance building, bringing it closer to the traditional Russian hut.

However, this is not the only difference. The hewn log retains its natural protective layer(layer of resin), which increases the resistance of the material to exposure environment. Additional processing and antiseptic impregnation increase the durability of wood by several more points.

Technology proven over centuries

In the process of implementing a particular project, Marisrub specialists use the same construction technology that has proven its effectiveness and has stood the test of time.

Of course, we use much more modern devices and tools to speed up the construction process and bring the quality of the result to the maximum possible. However, it is still based on the same technology that our great-grandfathers used.

To build a house from hewn log special types of wood are used:

• pine;
• deciduous;
• cedar.

• correct geometry of the trunks, which are easy to work with. The minimum number of knots and distortions allows you to maintain maximum useful properties wood;
• A feature of pine resins is their healing effect. It has been known since ancient times and has a positive effect on the health of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases;
• high strength, durability and excellent thermal insulation performance.

"MariSrub": let's build a house that the neighbors will envy

Becoming our client means receiving all the benefits of cooperation that every customer is looking for:

• reliability and stability in meeting deadlines;
• competent architectural and planning solutions;
• a full range of construction services (from design to turnkey implementation);
• availability finished projects and architects ready to implement individual orders.

We work on a staged payment system, which is also strong point companies. Marisrub clients do not need to spend their entire construction budget on the day the contract is concluded. Instead, a milestone system is in place, which allows the payment to be broken down into installments and paid upon acceptance of work for each phase of construction.

The result of the work of the company’s specialists is always houses that can last for many decades and delight their external beauty and make your neighbors sigh enviously.

Let's Paint the House

Hand-hewn log houses

Everyone knows that the walls classic house made of wood are built from round log. And the thickness of such a wall is usually 35 cm or more. And untreated wood for building a house is processed in a special way. The result is hewn logs. Processing is done manually, the bark is removed, and all excess is planed. Then the wood is dried and impregnated.

It is worth immediately noting that manual hewing is a rather labor-intensive process and is not so cheap. Used for planing with a plane or axe. For hand trimming, they are usually selected conifers. Their age is at least 50 years. In this case, trees of the same age are selected. Must be the appropriate size. On the north side, the tree rings are denser. And with this side the hewn logs are laid outwards.

The master one by one selects logs to build the future house. First, the thickened ends of the log are laid on thinner ones, and then vice versa. When a log is trimmed with an ax, the porosity of the wood is significantly reduced. Essentially, the wood is compacted on all sides. It must be said that logs with a diameter of 24 cm and 32 cm are most often used.

Hewing manually has many advantages, among them:

But this processing method has its drawbacks. It takes a lot of time to trim. Drying natural method may take one and a half to two years. And I must say that hewn logs appearance inferior to rounded ones.

When a house is assembled from hewn timber, gaps appear between the logs into which moss or tow is placed. Over the course of a year, the log house will shrink. Then you need to caulk all the seams again with combed tow. But I must say that living in such a house is pleasant. It will delight you with its unique aroma and warmth.

Our ancestors used hewn logs to build houses. Used in this labor-intensive technology exclusively manual labor. And this technology has been alive for many centuries. It must be said that not all logs are suitable for construction. Wood is selected that has the minimum number of defects. They try to cut down the forest in winter time year. The fact is that winter wood has a lot of resin, it is drier, stronger, withstands shrinkage better, and has fewer pests.

After the logs have been selected and cut down, all branches are removed from them with an ax. The tree is cleared of bark. But after this the trunk has a brownish tint. If you need to get a light shade, then you need to remove a few millimeters with a stapler or an ax. The work requires real skill.

After the logs are prepared, they are made into crowns. For each log, grooves and locks are cut to ensure reliable connection with other logs. Between the crowns there are wooden dowels. They fix the wall element, preventing the elements from moving. I must say that log house, if it was built by a true master of his craft, it looks great. The atmosphere in such a house is unique. The house turns out to be environmentally friendly, the material is inexpensive. And if you decide to opt for such a house, you are making the right choice.

The technology of building houses from hand-hewn logs implies high-quality connection building materials in the corners. Professional builders wooden houses There are two main execution technologies corner connections: “in the cup” and “in the paw.” The first technology involves a fairly large consumption of wood and, therefore, takes more time than laying logs “in the paw”. If you want to save time and materials on arranging corner joints wooden house, use “in your paw” technology. But this arrangement implies large number sealed connections.

Laying the corner joints of a wooden house “in a cup” involves laying building materials on two walls located on opposite sides. Next, another log is laid perpendicularly on the logs, with the help of which markings are made for the connection.

Laying the corner joints of a wooden house “in the paw” involves quite complex manipulations that are difficult to perform without the appropriate dexterity tools. The back side of the log should be hewn to square shape. The vertical sections should be divided into 8 equal particles. Thus, external and internal corners wooden houses will differ from each other, forming a special “foot”.

After the walls of the wooden house have been erected, you can begin to caulk them. It must be carried out from the bottom of the wall, gradually moving upward.